HISTORY OF TURKEY:

Present day Turkey was built up in 1923 from the Anatolian remainders of the defeated Ottoman
Empire by national holy person Mustafa KEMAL, who was later regarded with the title Ataturk,
or "Father of the Turks." Under his rule, the nation received wide social, legal, and political
changes.  After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950
election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since
then, Turkish political parties have expanded, the democratic situation has been deteriorated
many times by the military coup (1960, 1971, 1980), but every time the political power returned
to the ordinary people. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - unmistakably
named a "post-current topple" - of the then Islamic-arranged government. Turkey intervened
militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to thwart a Greek takeover of the island and has since gone about as
supporter state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which just Turkey sees. A
protester revolt began in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - by and by known as the
People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has overpowered the Turkish military's
thought and declared more than 30,000 lives, yet after the catch of the get-together's head in
1999, the fomenters, as it were, pulled once again from Turkey, basically to northern Iraq. In
2004, KGK announced an end to its détente and attacks credited to the KGK extended. Turkey
joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1964, Turkey diverted into
an accomplice individual from the European Community; over the earlier decade, it has
endeavored various changes to strengthen its vote based framework and economy, enabling it to
begin increment support talks with the European Union.

[ CBSNewz. World country facts.]

Analysis
Turkey’s history of years shows a great sign of their adaptive nature. How fast they are changing
with time. They are so responsive with changes around them. As the world is becoming tech
savvy day by day and as they are responsive to the changes so there is a huge chance that our
product will be accepted by the people of Turkey, if we can do it in the right way.
GEOGRAPHY OF THE COUNTRY:
Turkey is a huge, generally rectangular promontory arranged bridge like between southeastern
Europe and Asia. For sure, the nation has worked as an extension for human development since
forever. Turkey expands in excess of 1,600 kilometers from west to east however for the most
part under 800 kilometers from north to south. Absolute land region is around 779,452 square
kilometers, of which 755,688 square kilometers are in Asia and 23,764 square kilometers in
Europe.

The European segment of Turkey, known as Thrace (Trakya), includes 3 percent of the complete
region however is home to in excess of 10 percent of the absolute populace. Thrace is isolated
from the Asian bit of Turkey by the Bosporus Strait (Istanbul Bogazi or Karadeniz Bogazi), the
Sea of (Marmara Denizi), and the Dardanelles Strait (Çanakkale Bogazi). The Asian piece of the
nation is known by an assortment of names- - Asia Minor, Asiatic Turkey, the Anatolian Plateau,
and Anatolia (Anadolu). The term Anatolia is most every now and again utilized in explicit
reference to the huge, semiarid focal level, which is rimmed by slopes and mountains that in
numerous spots limit access to the prolific, thickly settled waterfront locales. On the back of the
waterways isolating the two landmasses, Istanbul is the nation's essential modern, business, and
scholarly focus. Notwithstanding, the Anatolian city of Ankara, which Atatürk and his partners
picked as the capital of the new republic, is the political focus of the nation and has risen as a
significant modern and social focus in its own right.
The most populated urban communities in Turkey incorporate Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir.
Every city holds an individual populace of 14,808,116; 3,517,182; and 2,500,603. Istanbul is the
universes eighth biggest city appropriate, and has been possessed since around 3000 BCE.
Ankara is the capital of Turkey.
[Turkey: A Country Study. (n.d). Country Studies. ]

Analysis
Istanbul is one of the most populated city in the world and as well as in Turkey. Due to such Istanbul has
to bear the thrill of traffic every day and this, not only killing their time but also their money as well. To
get rid of such problem and to reach their destinations in time ride sharing App like Scootty is in high
demand as there is a large pool of customers. Turkey connects southeastern Europe and Asia so it will
act as gateway in terms of future expansion.Therefore, it will be an wise decision for Pathao to start
their business in Istanbul, Turkey soon.
DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
Turkey consists of mostly the Turkish individuals, who make up 75% of the total populace,
while Kurdish make up 18%. Other ethnic gatherings take up the staying 17% of the total
populace. The languages spoken by the majority are Turkish and Kurdish, while minority
bunches communicate in different dialects.
The fundamental religion, trailed by 99.8% of the populace, is Islam, while different religions are
trailed constantly .02% of the populace.
The literacy rate of the populace is genuinely high - about 95.6% by and large starting at 2018.
The male education rate is practically 98%, while the female proficiency rate is practically 92%.
Practically 70% of the absolute populace live in urban zones. The pace of urbanization is 1.7%
every year. The all out ripeness rate is around 2.13 youngsters conceived/lady.
The populace is genuinely youthful with practically 27% running from 0 to 14 years old, while
67% are 15 to 64 years of age. Just around 6% are over 64 years old. The middle age of the
populace is at 30.9 years old, with elderly of 75 years old in 2018.
[World population review. (2020, April 6th). Turkey population 2020.]

Analysis
We can see from the demographic information that Turkey has a large pool of youthful populace.
Who are the most active and working citizen of the country and this class of people are the most
tech savvy than the other class of Turkey people. Who commute every day from one corner to
another for their purpose. Thus, they are more prone to reach their target destination in cheap and
in the most convenient way. Hence, this will give us a huge opportunity to grab the market and
reach our potential customer in anytime, as soon as we start the business in Turkey especially in
Istanbul.
CUSTOM OF TURKEY:
In this world there are around 200 countries who have their unique features. Likeways, Turkey is
no other exception they also have their own etiquettes too.
The Turkish are eminent for being incredibly friendly, pleasant and affable individuals. On the
off chance that you are welcomed into the home of a Turkish family, make sure to take them a
blessing (chocolates, blossoms, or something from your nation of origin). It's shrewd to maintain
a strategic distance from liquor the same number of Turks don't drink liquor because of religious
reasons.
The older are enormously regarded in Turkey and it's typical for more youthful individuals to
offer their seat on open vehicle.

Business meeting advice (if doing business in Turkey)

First Meetings
Welcome your potential colleague with a confident handshake. When welcoming ladies, you
should hang tight for them to offer their hand first. Continuously welcome the oldest individual
first; Turks hold incredible regard for the old.
Business is a genuine issue and ought to be treated all things considered. Starting gatherings are
formal so you ought to abstain from seeming to be excessively easygoing and inviting, regardless
of whether you have built up a relationship on an individual premise as of now.
The initial gathering is typically an opportunity to become more acquainted with one another on
a business level, so don't anticipate that any business choices should be made in the primary
meeting.
In the event that a business card is offered to you, this could be an indication that the Turks are
keen on building up the business relationship further, so guarantee that you offer your card in
return, and set aside the effort to peruse their card before taking care of it.

Business Meetings
Ensure you book your meeting with a lot of early notification, following that you keep away
from any Turkish occasions or the long stretch of Ramadan. You are expected to be timely,
anyway this may not be responded.
It can require a long time for any choices to be reached in business, so be set up for a few
meeting to occur before you can meet with the individuals in places of authority or power, who
are the leaders. Turkish individuals don't value being hurried, or being given "the hard sell".
They don't care for weight or cutoff times, in this way you should show restraint. Hope to be
dependent upon an exhaustive exchange process and be set up to settle.

Management advice, when managing Turkish employees

The business culture in Turkey in general work on a hierarchal structure with every individual
having an extremely unmistakable job inside the business. Demonstrate regard to more
established individuals and individuals increasingly higher ranking than you by tending to them
with their title and family name at first, and let them start to lead the pack concerning when it's
suitable to address and be tended to on a first name just premise, when an individual relationship
has created. As we addressed previously, Turks don't care for cutoff times so you should be quiet
and don't anticipate that choices should be made rapidly. Regardless of whether you've set cutoff
times well ahead of time, you should be adaptable as the standard for these to be moved back.
As in other hierarchal based work place, the administrator is typically expected to receive a
paternalistic job to their group, implying that their anxiety for their representatives frequently
goes well beyond the work place as it were.

Analysis
As we mentioned earlier the business culture in Turk work on a hierarchal structure with every
individual having an extremely unmistakable job inside the business. The employer are expected
to take care of their employee in a paternalistic way where the worker feels safe and secure to
work and put their best potential for the betterment of the business. Their such culture quite
matches the business culture of Bangladesh. Thus, this will allow Pathao to reduce the cost of
understanding the business culture as well as allow Pathao to start business without any further
hassle.
[A guide to Turkey. (2020). Kwintessential.]
Climate:
Turkey has seven distinct geographic weather and climatic regions and they are:

Marmara
The field around Istanbul, Edirne, Bursa and the Sea of Marmara is low slopes and moving
farmland phenomenal for organic product plantations (apricots, grapes, peaches) just as
vegetables, sunflowers and grain.
South of Bursa are higher mountains (2500+ meters/8200 feet).
Precipitation midpoints 668 mm/26 inches for each year; temperatures go from a low of - 16C/3F
in the profundities of winter to 40C/104F on the most sizzling day in summer. It's very damp
(normal 73%).

Aegean
The Aegean district focused on Izmir is a genuine breadbasket, with low slopes and higher
mountains confining prolific valleys brimming with rich alluvial soil. The trustworthy summer
sun produces guard harvests of tobacco, sunflowers, olives, figs, peaches, pears and apples.
Precipitation midpoints 645 mm/25 inches for every year; temperatures go from - 8C/18F to
43C/109F, with normal stickiness of 69%.

Central Anatolia
The central point of Turkey is high level (height 900m/3000 feet at Ankara) of moving steppe
encircled by mountain extends, some of which brag snow-topped torpid volcanoes. (It was the
volcanic Mt Erciyes close Kayseri that framed the Central Anatolian moonscape of Cappadocia.)
The land produces summer and winter wheat and different harvests, and feeds a large number of
touching sheep. Temperatures run from - 25C/ - 13F to 40C/104F, with precipitation of just 382
mm/15 inches for every year. The normal dampness is 62%.

Black Sea Coast

Turkey's Black Sea coast, 1700 km/1000 miles in length, is shockingly rich and green in light of
its 781 mm/31 creeps of yearly precipitation dropped as the breezes crossing the Black Sea
ascend to vault the waterfront mountains.
It's overcast a great part of the time, which appears to suit the tobacco fields. Fruits started here,
are as yet developed in plenitude, as are hazelnuts (filberts), of which Turkey supplies a large
portion of the world's necessities.
The rich grass takes care of steers which produce Turkey's best milk, cream and margarine. The
moist coast east of Trabzon is ideal for developing tea brambles. In the precarious evergreen-
gagged valleys above, you may believe you're in Central Europe, however hotter.
Temperatures run from - 8C/18F to 40C/104F, with a normal stickiness of 72%.

Eastern Anatolia
Bumpy, rough and cold, eastern Turkey is an essential spot where temperatures drop to - 43C/ -
45F in profound winter, and ascend to 38C/100F in summer, however the yearly normal is
simply 9C/48F.
June to September are the greatest months to visit except if you're going skiing at Palandöken
simply outside Erzurum.
Precipitation is 560 mm/22 inches. It's generally poor nation, with wheat fields, foods grown
from the ground plantations, and bunches of eating sheep.

Southeastern Anatolia
Down close to Syria on the banks of the streams Tigris (at Diyarbakır) and Euphrates (close
Şanlıurfa) it's blistering more often than not: up to 46C/115F in high summer (and—
uncommonly—a low of - 12C/10F a few winters).
It's dry, with just 576 mm/23 creeps of precipitation, however loads of water from the monstrous
Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP) water system and hydroelectric force framework focused close
Şanlıurfa. Yields love the warmth and develop quick. Individuals go moderate, and for the most
part in the shade. The best time to visit is whenever aside from summer (mid-June through mid-
September).

Mediterranean
Turkey's southern shore is stitched in by high mountain ranges. There's some sea shore from
Fethiye to Antalya, however east of Antalya the littoral expands into the fruitful Pamphylian
plain(which is the place you discover Side) bordered with white sand sea shore.
Not far east of Alanya the mountains come down to the ocean once more, as far as possible east
to Antakya, keeping this coast blistering and sticky in summer: most extreme 45C/113F, least -
5C/23F; precipitation is 777 mm/31 inches.
[Brosnahan, T. (2019). Turkey Travel Planner: Turkey’s Weather & Climate Regions.
Turkeytravelplanner. ]

Analysis
Pathao as a startup business. For the time being will start their business only in Istanbul. Here the
temperature is quite extreme which ranges from a low of - 16C/3F in winter to 40C/104F on the
most sizzling day in summer. Though the climate is extreme but the people of Istanbul are well aware
of it and Scootty App is already doing their business. So it will not be that much of trouble for Pathao to
do their business. Rather it is creating a better opportunity for Pathao to study the climate set their
strategy and grab the customers accordingly.

Natural resources:
Turkey's natural resources include iron ore, copper, coal, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold,
celestite (strontium), emery, barite, borate feldspar, pyrites, clay, limestone, magnesite, marble,
perlite, and pumice. The country plays an important role as a transit passage for crude oil
and natural gas shipments.

Analysis
Pathao is as an App based business so Turkey’s natural resources won’t help this business the
most. Despite the people who are doing business by using such natural resources and the
stakeholders might help the business by taking rides by using Pathao App to reach their desired
destinations or workplace.
Available labor:
In Turkey there are large pool of labor and they are mostly the refugees from Syria, Afghanistan,
Iran and Iraq who are very low paid ones in compare with any Turkish they are paid 1 third of
their salary for the same amount of work and the won’t mind with that. Though they are violating
labor laws but the workers have no such issues with the employers because all they need is a
place to live.

Analysis As there is availability of cheap labor in Turkey so it will be quite helpful for a
startup business like Pathao to start their business in Turkey, Istanbul. This will also allow them
to keep their cost low and offer cheap rides to the customer which in turn will bring large pool of
potential customer and hence profit.

Existing industries:
Turkey is a developed country. It has many industries from small to big among these some key
industries are textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, cement, food processing, motor vehicles,
construction, glass and ceramics, mining, Information and Technology industry. Over the years
such industries helped Turkeys to be one of the finest country in the world.

Analysis
All the existing industries and the peoples who are working in such industries will be blessing for
any ride sharing App to start their business in Turkey. Especially in Istanbul because it is the
most populated city in Turkey which itself is making the business most lucrative one by allowing
Pathao to a wide range of potential customers. Not only this, the infrastructure of the technology
sector is so prolific that it allows free wi-fi connection to almost every place. So people will get
access to the app easily when they need it most.
Reference:
World population review. (2020, April 6th). Turkey population 2020. Retrieved from
https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/turkey-population/
CBSNewz. World country facts. Retrieved from
https://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/worldcountryfacts/middleeast/framesourceturkey.html

Ahval. (2018, Sep 12th). Labour is cheap, refugee labour is dirt cheap in Turkey. Retrieved from

https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-labor-rights/labour-cheap-refugee-labour-dirt-cheap-
turkey

A guide to Turkey. (2020). Kwintessential. Retrieved from

https://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/guide-turkey-etiquette-customs-culture-
business
Brosnahan, T. (2019). Turkey Travel Planner: Turkey’s Weather & Climate Regions.
Turkeytravelplanner. Retrieved from
https://turkeytravelplanner.com/WhenToGo/ClimaticRegions.html

Turkey: A Country Study. (n.d). Country Studies. Retrieved from

http://countrystudies.us/turkey/18.htm