Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow Laws

By: Vincetta
Primus,(Teacher) Alexa
Gramajo(Visual Media
Specialist),
Justin Ramirez(Lawyer)
By: Vincetta Primus, Justin Ramirez,
and Julissa Ramos
Alexa Gramajo, Julissa Ramos
(Inquirer)
Period 1
 Vocabulary
● Reconciliation - the restoration of friendly relations
● Segregation - the action or state of setting someone or something apart from
other people or things or being set apart
● Transgressions - an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; an
offense
● Manumitted - release from slavery; set free
● Antebellum - occurring or existing before a particular war, especially the
American Civil War
● “Separate but Equal” - racially segregated but ostensibly
ensuring equal opportunities to all races.
Before Jim Crow Laws
● “Jump, Jim Crow”, was a key factor in the creation of
Jim Crow Laws.
● Jim Crow laws got its name from the play, “Jump, Jim
Crow.
● “Jump, Jim Crow”, was said to make colored people
look bad.
● The actor who played Jim Crow was a white man who
painted his face black.
● The play was never meant to become the name for
Southern Segregation.
During Jim Crow Laws
● 1866 - The KKK was created
● 1870 - A Virginia law made it illegal for black and white
children to attend the same school
● 1890 to 1908 - Southern states adopted new
constitutions and voting laws designed to disenfranchise
black voters.
● 1914- All southern states and many northern states had
Jim Crow laws that discriminated against blacks..
● 1956 - A law barred black and whites from playing a
series of games together.
● 1958 - The Virginia legislature voted to close a school
that enrolled black and whites
After Jim Crow Laws
● Ended on the 2nd of July in 1964
● It banned discrimination in all of the United
States of America
● After it was banned all signs that showed
discrimination had to be taken down
● Racism still exists but it isn’t as profound as it
was before.
● Black people were granted the right to vote when
the Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965.
● People are still prejudiced and have their beliefs
on who should and should not have the right to
be an American.
True Story
● An African American man worked as a chauffeur for a white man by the name
of Robert F. Maddox
● Robert F. Maddox was a man in his 80s and napped most of the time
● The African American was a college student who worked a part time job as a
chauffeur for Mr. Maddox
● The chauffeur spent most of his time in the library while Mr. Maddox napped.
● He was caught reading in the library one day and Mr. Maddox couldn’t believe
his eyes.
● The boy told him about how he went to college and was
studying to be a lawyer
 Thomas Dartmouth and Jim Crow
These images on the right show Thomas
Dartmouth and Jim Crow. The first image
shows Jim Crow. Jim Crow was a fictional
black faced character. The next image is
Thomas Dartmouth. He was the one who
created Jim Crow. Thomas Dartmouth was a
white minstrel who was also known as
“Daddy” Rice.
Jump Jim Crow Play/Song
Jump Jim Crow was a play/song
performed by black slaves in 1828 but
Thomas added touches to make it his
own. The first image shows the original
cover of “Jump Jim Crow.” The second
image show black slaves performing
“Jump Jim Crow” that inspired Thomas.
Not only did he get inspired by the
black slaves but also by a disabled
black man he saw in Ohio named Jim
Cuff. The last picture show Thomas
with a black face performing this
play/song. He did this performance in
the act of entertaining white people.
 Segregation Signs
These images show signs the separated white
and colored people. They were segregated in
railway cars,theaters, hospitals, schools, prisons
etc. The first image shows a sign separating the
two races from drinking from the same fountain.
The left fountain is for whites only and the right
fountain is for blacks only. The second image is
another sign separating blacks and whites from
sharing the same restrooms. These signs were
implemented because white people did not want
any contact with colored people.
Ending of Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws ended by the success of the Civil
Rights Movement in 1964. Not only was the Civil
Rights Movement apart of this but also marches
and boycotts against these laws. The first image
shows whites and blacks protesting together
about abolishing Jim Crow. The second image
shows colored people marching and protesting
about school segregation. In the second image
you can see N.A.A.C.P which stands for National
Association for Advancement of Colored People
which is a civil right organization formed in 1909.
Results
After the Jim Crow laws came to an end
July 2,1964 President Lyndon Johnson
signed the Civil Rights Act. This banned
discrimination anywhere. After
discrimination was banned all signs
separating the two races were taken
down. The first image shows President
Lyndon Johnson signing the Civil Rights
Act.
Jim Crow Law Examples
● Marriage - "All marriages between a white person and a African American, or
between a white person and a person of African American descent to the fourth
generation inclusive, are hereby forever prohibited." (Florida law)
● Hospitalization - "The Board of Control shall see that proper and distinct
apartments are arranged for said patients in a mental hospital, so that in no cases
shall African Americans and white persons be together." (Georgia law)
● Schools - "The County Board of Education shall provide schools of two kinds;
those for white children and those for colored children." (Texas law)
● Prison - "The warden shall see that the white convicts shall have separate
apartments for both eating and sleeping from the African American convicts."
(Mississippi law)
 Strauder v. West Virginia
● During the the time of the Jim Crow Laws, West Virginia limited
jury service to white men.
● Taylor Strauder was the first black man where the supreme court
reversed a state court decision
● He was convicted of murder by a trial court in West Virginia
because he murdered his wife Ana with a Hatchet
● Strauder argued a citizen of the United States has a
constitutional right to a criminal trial by jury selected without
discrimination against his race.
● This case was the first decision of the U.S. Supreme Court to use
the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment to the
Constitution to invalidate a state law. This decision in 1879 gave
meaning to the post-Civil War amendment’s ban on race
discrimination.
 Plessy v. Ferguson
● Homer Plessy was 30 years old on June 7, 1892 when he was
jailed for sitting in the "White" car of the East Louisiana
Railroad.
● Plessy could easily pass for white but he was considered black
under Louisiana law and therefore required to sit in the
"Colored" car.
● Plessy sat in the white section and deliberately identified
himself as black. He was arrested and the case went all the
way to the United States Supreme Court with Plessy's lawyer
argued that the Separate Car Act violated the Thirteenth and
Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution.
Continuation
● The Plessy decision set the precedent that
separate facilities for blacks and whites were
constitutional as long as they were equal.
● On May 18, 1896, in a seven-to-one decision
written by Henry Billings Brown the Court rejected
Plessy's arguments.
● Lost case which promoted legal segregation
● Important because the case upheld the “Separate
But Equal”
 Brown v. Board of Education
● In the 1950s many states and local governments located
in the southern United States maintained a separate but
equal doctrine. The separate but equal doctrine allowed
these governments to build separate public facilities, like
schools, for blacks and whites. This policy was inherently
discriminatory and black facilities were almost always
inferior.
● The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People), had been looking for a case (or cases) to
challenge the separate but equal doctrine.
● In the fall of 1951 the NAACP recruited several
African-American families that lived in Topeka, Kansas to
help bring a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the
separate but equal doctrine.
Continuation
● The case was eventually brought before the U.S. Supreme Court and
actually combined Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka with four
other similar NAACP-sponsored cases involving school segregation from
around the United States.
● The chief counsel for the plaintiffs was Thurgood Marshall. In 1967 he
would be appointed to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.
● In 1953 the Supreme Court heard the case but was unable to come to a
decision. After arguing the case they came to a unanimous decision on
May 17th of 1954 in favor of the plaintiffs; stating that racial segregation
in public schools is unconstitutional.
● The U.S. Supreme Court decision in this case overturned the Supreme
Court's 1896 decision in the Plessy v. Ferguson case which had
established the separate but equal doctrine.
Continuation
● The Supreme Court ruling declared that racial segregation
violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth
Amendment of the United States Constitution.
● The most important point made by the Supreme Court was
that segregation by itself was harmful to black students
even in cases when facilities and teachers were of equal
quality.
Quiz
1. What was the name of the play that gave the Jim Crow laws their name? (Teacher)
2. By what year did all southern states have Jim Crow laws in action? (Teacher)
3. Who was Thomas Dartmouth? (Visual Media Specialist)
4. According to this presentation, what are some places that whites and colored
were separated? Name at least 3. (Visual Media Specialist)
5. What does NAACP stand for? (Visual media Specialist)
6. What was Taylor Strauder convicted of? (Lawyer)
7. What day did the court reach a verdict on Plessy vs. Ferguson? What did they
decide? (Lawyer)
Answers
1. Jump Jim Crow
2. 1914
3. He was a white minstrel who was also known as “Daddy Rice” and he created
“Jump Jim Crow”.
4. Hospitals, Theaters, Railway Cars, Prisons, Schools, Etc.
5. National Association for Advancement of Colored People
6. He was convicted for the murder of his wife with a hatchet
7. May 18th 1896, they rejected his claims and upheld their “separate but equal”
claim.
Teacher’s Conclusion
In the end I believe that Jim Crow Laws separated people of color from white
people. This made it hard to do certain things. They had to create a, “separate but
equal” law just because of their race. These laws held back people of color for a
long time. It made it difficult for people of color to do things that they were
eligible for and made them have to fight for their rights more and more every day.
Visual Media Specialist’s Conclusion
In conclusion, I learned that the Jim Crow laws separated colored people from
white people. During this time colored people barely had any privileges to do
anything while white people had many privileges and freedom. I did not realize that
colored people were treated very unfairly by these laws. Jim Crow Laws made it
possible for white people to torture and mistreatment colored people.
Lawyers Conclusion
In conclusion, I learned that the Jim Crow Laws were statutes enacted by Southern
states, beginning in the in the late 1870's and early 1880s, that legalized
segregation between African Americans and whites. The Jim Crow laws restricted
the rights of African Americans to use public facilities, schools, to vote, to find
decent employment, basically excluding African Americans from exercising their
rights as citizens of the United States.
Inquirer/Evaluator’s Relection
Jim Crow laws shouldn’t have even existed, nobody should have been deprived of
their rights, treated differently and/or discriminated just because their skin color is
darker or different. Jim Crow laws weren’t the beginning of inequality being shown
towards a specific group of people, and unfortunately, they weren’t the end and we
aren’t close to the end, Why? Because everyone is different, for every wrong there
is a right, and vice versa. No one should be judged by their race, gender, sexual
orientation, religion, etc. The main thing I learned was that people were killed,
convicted, discriminated, and had so many other things done to them because
they were darker, I don’t want to live in that world, I can’t change anyone, but I will
always remember to keep an open mind.
Works Cited
● Bar, Rosann Desegregation of The U.S. military The 1940s in America,
http://online.salempress.com/articleDetails.do?bookId=131&articleName=1940_116440701164&se
arcgText=jim%20crow%20laws%20military&searchOperators=any&category=History
● Hatch, James V. “W. T. Lhamon, Jump Jim Crow: Lost Plays, Lyrics, and Street Prose of the Flrst
Atlantic Popular Culture.” Ebscohost, Ebscohost,
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsglr&AN=edsgcl.124642597&site=eds-liv
e
● Moore, V. William Jim Crow laws. Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2014. 3p.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=95342920&site=eds-live
● Urofsky, I. Melvin Jim Crow law Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2018
http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Jim-Crow-law/43641#
Vernon, Jordan Jr. “Living With Jim Crow.” Newsweek, Newsweek, 27 Jan. 2009,
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pwh&AN=36335662&site=pov-live.
● Weber, Amy. “Jim Crow Laws.” Salem Press Primary Encyclopedia, Salem Press Primary
Encyclopedia, 2017, https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&do=t5o&AN=125421348.
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