17-Sep-20 © Ripon Grammar School / RWGrime

HESS’S LAW 4 – A MIXTURE!

Name ………………………………………….………………………………. Form ………………….

1) Use the data below, as appropriate, to answer these questions.

Cl2(g)  2 Cl(g) Hʅ = + 242 kJ mol-1

H2(g)  2 H(g) Hʅ = + 436 kJ mol-1
HCl(g)  H(g) + Cl(g) Hʅ = + 431 kJ mol-1
H2(g) + ½ O2(g)  H2O(g) Hʅ = - 242 kJ mol-1
O2(g)  2 O(g) Hʅ = + 496 kJ mol-1

a) State Hess’s Law. (2)

b) i) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the following reaction. H2(g) + Cl2(g)  2 HCl(g)

ii) In the dark, the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine starts when the mixture is heated to above
600C. Suggest why heat is necessary in order to start the reaction.
iii) What happens in the first step in the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine? Give a reason why this
occurs first. (6)

c) Calculate a value for the mean bond enthalpy of the H-O bond in water. (4)

(Ch01 Spring 1995 PPQ 73 - Total 12)

2) a) Define the term standard enthalpy of formation (Hʅf). (3)

b) Give the chemical equation for which he enthalpy change is the standard enthalpy of formation of
methane. (2)

c) Use the following data to calculate a value for the enthalpy of formation of methane. (3)

C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) Hʅ = - 394 kJ mol-1

H2(g) + ½ O2(g)  H2O(g) Hʅ = - 242 kJ mol-1
CH4(g) + 2 O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) Hʅ = - 802 kJ mol-1 (3)

d) Use the following data to calculate the mean bond enthalpy values for the C-H and C-C bonds. (3)

CH4(g)  C(g) + 4 H(g) Hʅ = + 1648 kJ mol -1

C2H6(g)  2 C(g) + 6 H(g) Hʅ = + 2820 kJ mol-1 (3)

(Ch01 Summer 1995 PPQ 74 - Total 11)

3) a) Write a chemical equation, including state symbols, for the reaction which is used to define the enthalpy of
formation of aluminium chloride (AlCl3). (2)

b) State the additional conditions necessary if the enthalpy change for this reaction is to be the standard
enthalpy of formation, Hʅ f at 298 K. (1)

c) Use the standard enthalpies of formation given below to calculate a value for the standard enthalpy
change for the following reaction.
AlCl3(s) + 6 H2O(l)  AlCl3.6H2O(s)

AlCl3(s) H2O(l) AlCl3.6H2O(s)

Hʅf (kJ mol )
-1
-695 -286 -2680 (3)

(Ch01 Spring 1996 PPQ 75 - Total 6)

4) a) Explain the meaning of the term standard enthalpy of combustion of a compound. (2)

b) Write an equation to represent the enthalpy of combustion of methanol. (2)

c) The apparatus shown was used to find the enthalpy of

combustion of methanol.

In this experiment, 0.75 grams of methanol was

burned. The water in the apparatus, which had a
volume of 100 cm3, rose in temperature from 18.5C
to 50.0C.

i) Calculate the heat released by the 0.75 grams of

methanol, given that the specific heat capacity of
water is 4.2 J g-1 K-1.
ii) Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of methanol. (6)

d) The actual value of the enthalpy of combustion of methanol is -726 kJ mol -1. Account for the difference
between this value and the experimental value. (1)

(PPQ 85 Total 11)

O
5) Propanone is a liquid the structure shown:
CH3 C CH3

a) Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of propanone given the following data:

Hʅc C(s) = -394 kJ mol-1

Hʅc H2(g) = -286 kJ mol-1
Hʅf CH3COCH3(g) = -217 kJ mol-1 (3)

b) Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of propanone again, but this time using the following data.

E (C-C) = 348 kJ mol-1

E (C-H) = 412 kJ mol-1
E (O=O) = 496 kJ mol-1
E (O-H) = 463 kJ mol-1
E (C=O) = 743 kJ mol-1
CH3COCH3(l)  CH3COCH3(g) Hʅ = +30.3 kJ mol-1 (3)

c) The apparatus shown was used to find the enthalpy

of combustion of propanone. The combined heat
capacity of calorimeter and water is 3.34 kJ per C.

The following information was obtained during the

experiment:

mass of propanone burned = 2.90 g

temperature rise = 25.3C

i) Calculate the heat released during the experiment.

 ii) Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of propanone using this data. (6)

d) Which value of the enthalpy of combustion of propanone is the correct one? Explain your answer. (3)

(PPQ 87 Total 15)

6) a) An experiment was performed to measure the enthalpy change for the following reaction.

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid was 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide were mixed in a
polystyrene beaker. The temperature rose by 6.6 K. In the calculations that follow, assume that the
solutions have a combined mass of 100 g, and that the specific heat capacity of the water is 4.2
J g-1 K-1.
i) Calculate the amount of heat released in this experiment. (3)
-1
ii) Calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction in kJ mol . (3)

b) Two similar experiments were performed to find the enthalpy changes for the following reactions:
HNO3(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCH3COO(aq) + H2O(l)

For the reaction with nitric acid, the enthalpy change was found to be -55.5 kJ
mol-1, and for the reaction with ethanoic acid it was found to be -51.3 kJ mol-1.
i) Explain why the enthalpy change for the reaction between nitric acid and sodium hydroxide is very
similar to that between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
ii) Explain why the enthalpy change for the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide is less
than that between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. (5)

(PPQ 90 Total 11)

7) The table below includes some values of standard enthalpies of formation (Hfʅ).

Compound H2O(l) LiOH(s) Li(s)

Hʅf (kJ mol )
-1
-286 -487 0

The standard enthalpy of solution of lithium hydroxide is given below.

LiOH(s)  Li+(aq) + OH-(aq) Hʅ = -21 kJ mol-1

a) State why the standard enthalpy of formation of lithium is quoted as zero. (1)

b) Write an equation for the chemical reaction which represents the formation of lithium hydroxide from its
elements, in which the enthalpy change is equal to its standard enthalpy of formation. (2)

c) Write an equation, including state symbols, for the reaction of lithium with water in which lithium ions are
formed. (2)

d) Use the data given above to calculate a value for the enthalpy change for the reaction of lithium with water. (3)

e) State the observed trend in reactivity of the Group 1 elements with water, from lithium to caesium. (1)

f) When caesium reacts with water, the heat energy released (Hʅ) is less than that for lithium reacting with
water. State how this fact relates, if at all, to the observed difference in reactivity of lithium and caesium
with water. Give a reason for your answer. (2)

(Ch01 Summer 1999 PPQ 82 - Total 11)