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Lesson 5 : Managing VB Data

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5. VB Data
5.1 Visual Basic Data Types
6. Variables We come across all kinds of data in our daily life. For example, we need to handle data such as names, addresses, money, date, stock
quotes, statistics and more every day. Similarly, in Visual Basic, we have to deal with all sorts of data, some can be mathematically
7. If and IIf( ) calculated while some are in the form text or other forms. VB divides data into different types so that they are easier to manage when we
need to write the code involving those data. VB6 classifies the information mentioned above into two major data types, they are the numeric
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data types and the non-numeric data types.

5.1.1 Numeric Data Types

Numeric data types are types of data that consist of numbers that can be computed mathematically with standard operators. Examples of numeric data
types are height, weight, share values, the price of goods, monthly bills, fees and others. In Visual Basic, numeric data are divided into 7 types, depending
on the range of values they can store.

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Calculations that only involve round figures can use Integer or Long integer in the computation. Programs that require high precision calculation need to
9. Looping use Single and Double decision data types, they are also called floating point numbers. For currency calculation , you can use the currency data types.
10. Functions Intro Lastly, if even more precision is required to perform calculations that involve many decimal points, we can use the decimal data types. These data types
summarized in Table 5.1
11. Math Functions
Table 5.1 Numeric Data Types
12. Format Function
Type Storage Range of Values
13. String Functions
Byte 1 byte 0 to 255
14. Sub Procedure Integer 2 bytes -32,768 to 32,767
15. Excel VBA Functions Long 4 bytes -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,648
16. Arrays -3.402823E+38 to -1.401298E-45 for negative values 1.401298E-45 to 3.402823E+38 for
Single 4 bytes
positive values.
17. Create Files
-1.79769313486232e+308 to -4.94065645841247E-324 for negative values
18. Create Graphics Double 8 bytes
4.94065645841247E-324 to 1.79769313486232e+308 for positive values.
19. Create DVD Player
Currency 8 bytes -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 922,337,203,685,477.5807
20. Create Audio Player
+/- 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,335 if no decimal is use +/-
Decimal 12 bytes
21. Create Picture Viewer 7.9228162514264337593543950335 (28 decimal places).

22. Multimedia Player

23. Create Database 5.1.2 Non-numeric Data Types

24. Advanced Database
25. ADO Control
26. DataGrid Control
Nonnumeric data types are data that cannot be manipulated mathematically. Non-numeric data comprises string data types, date data types, boolean data
types that store only two values (true or false), object data type and Variant data type .They are summarized in Table 5.2
Table 5.2: Nonnumeric Data Types

27. SQL Queries Data Type Storage Range

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String(fixed length) Length of string 1 to 65,400 characters
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String(variable length) Length + 10 bytes 0 to 2 billion characters
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Date 8 bytes January 1, 100 to December 31, 9999
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34. FTP Program Boolean 2 bytes True or False

35. Errors Handling

36. Complie/Distribute Object 4 bytes Any embedded object

37. Creating Menu

Variant(numeric) 16 bytes Any value as large as Double
38. Keyboard Handling

39. Printing
Variant(text) Length+22 bytes Same as variable-length string
40. Creating Report

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8. Select Case
9. Looping
10. Functions Intro
11. Math Functions
12. Format Function
13. String Functions
14. Sub Procedure
15. Excel VBA Functions
16. Arrays
17. Create Files
18. Create Graphics
19. Create DVD Player
20. Create Audio Player
21. Create Picture Viewer
22. Multimedia Player
23. Create Database
24. Advanced Database
25. ADO Control
26. DataGrid Control
27. SQL Queries
28. More SQL Querrries
29. E-library
30. Animation 1
31. Animation 2
32. Animation 3
33. Web Browser
34. FTP Program
35. Errors Handling
36. Complie/Distribute
37. Creating Menu
38. Keyboard Handling
39. Printing
40. Creating Report
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Literals are values that you assign to data. In some cases, we need to add a suffix behind a literal so that VB can handle the calculation more accurately.
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For example, we can use num=1.3089# for a Double type data. Some of the suffixes are displayed in Table 5.3.
Table 5.2: Suffixes for Literals
Suffix Data Type
& Long
! Single
# Double
@ Currency
In addition, we need to enclose string literals within two quotations and date and time literals within two # sign. Strings can contain any characters,
including numbers. The following are few examples:
memberName="Turban, John."
TelNumber="1800-900-888-777"
LastDay=#31-Dec-00#
ExpTime=#12:00 am#
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5.2 Managing Variables
Variables are like mail boxes in the post office. The contents of the variables changes every now and then, just like the mail boxes. In term of VB, variables
are areas allocated by the computer memory to hold data. Like the mail boxes, each variable must be given a name. To name a variable in Visual Basic,
you have to follow a set of rules.
5.2.1 Variable Names
The following are the rules when naming the variables in Visual Basic
It must be less than 255 characters
No spacing is allowed
It must not begin with a number
Period is not permitted
Cannot use exclamation mark (!), or the characters @, &, $, #
Cannot repeat names within the same level of scope.
Examples of valid and invalid variable names are displayed in Table 5.4
Table 5.4: Examples of Valid and Invalid Variable Names
Valid Name Invalid Name
My_Car My.Car
ThisYear 1NewBoy
Long_Name_Can_beUSE He&HisFather *& is not acceptable
5.2.2 Declaring Variables Explicitly
In Visual Basic, it is a good practice to declare the variables before using them by assigning names and data types. They are normally declared in the
general section of the codes' windows using the Dim statement. You can use any variable to hold any data , but different types of variables are designed to
work efficiently with different data types .
The syantax is as follows:
Dim VariableName As DataType
If you want to declare more variables, you can declare them in separate lines or you may also combine more in one line , separating each variable with a
comma, as follows:
Dim VariableName1 As DataType1, VariableName2 As DataType2,VariableName3 As DataType3
Example 5.1
Dim password As String
Dim yourName As String
Dim firstnum As Integer
Dim secondnum As Integer
Dim total As Integer
Dim doDate As Date
Dim password As String, yourName As String, firstnum As Integer
Unlike other programming languages, Visual Basic actually doesn't require you to specifically declare a variable before it's used. If a variable isn't declared,
VB willautomatically declare the variable as a Variant. A variant is data type that can hold any type of data.
For string declaration, there are two possible types, one for the variable-length string and another for the fixed-length string. For the variable-length string,
just use the same format as example 5.1 above. However, for the fixed-length string, you have to use the syntax as shown below:
Dim VariableName as String * n
where n defines the number of characters the string can hold.
For example,
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1. Introduction
2. Build Application
3.Controls
4. Write Code
5. VB Data
6. Variables
7. If and IIf( )
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8. Select Case
9. Looping
10. Functions Intro
11. Math Functions
12. Format Function
13. String Functions
14. Sub Procedure
15. Excel VBA Functions
16. Arrays
17. Create Files
18. Create Graphics
19. Create DVD Player
20. Create Audio Player
21. Create Picture Viewer
22. Multimedia Player
23. Create Database
24. Advanced Database
25. ADO Control
26. DataGrid Control
27. SQL Queries
28. More SQL Querrries
29. E-library
30. Animation 1
31. Animation 2
32. Animation 3
33. Web Browser
34. FTP Program
35. Errors Handling
36. Complie/Distribute
37. Creating Menu
38. Keyboard Handling
39. Printing
40. Creating Report
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VB2015Dim VB2013
yourName asVB2012
String * VB2010
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*yourName can holds no more than 10 Characters.
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5.2.2 Scope of Declaration
Other than using the Dim keyword to declare the data, you can also use other keywords to declare the data. Three other keywords are private ,static and
public. The forms are as shown below:
Private VariableName as Datatype
Static VariableName as Datatype
Public VariableName as Datatype
The above keywords indicate the scope of the declaration. Private declares a local variable or a variable that is local to a procedure or module. However,
Private is rarely used, we normally use Dim to declare a local variable. The Static keyword declares a variable that is being used multiple times, even after
a procedure has been terminated. Most variables created inside a procedure are discarded by Visual Basic when the procedure is finished, static keyword
preserves the value of a variable even after the procedure is terminated. Public is the keyword that declares a global variable, which means it can be used
by all the procedures and modules of the whole program.
5.3 Constants
Constants are different from variables in the sense that their values do not change during the running of the program.
5.3.1 Declaring a Constant
The syntax to declare a constant is
Constant Name As Data Type = Value
Example 5.3
In this example, we insert a Shape control and two command buttons. Set the shape value of the Shape control to 3 so that it becomes a circle. Rename
one of the command buttons to CmdResize for changing the size of the circle. Rename the other command button as CmdArea for calculation of the area
of the circle. In this program, we declare four variables and a constant in the General section. The varaible h is to store the value of height of the circle and
the variable r is to store the value of the radius which is half of the height. In addtion, the variable a is to store the value of area in twip using the formula
area of circle=πr2. Besides that, the constant Pi represents π which we fixed at 3.142. Finally, the variable area is to store the value in cm by multiplying a
with 0.001763889. (1 twip =0.001763889 cm)
The Code
Dim h, r, a, rad, area As Single
Const Pi As Single = 3.142
Private Sub CmdArea_Click()
r = h / 2
rad = r * 0.001763889
a = Pi * rad ^ 2
area = Round(a, 2)
MsgBox ("The Area of the circle is " & area)
End Sub
Private Sub CmdResize_Click()
h = InputBox("Enter the value of height")
MyShape.Height = h
End Sub
The Output
Figure 5.1
Figure 5.1
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1. Introduction

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3.Controls
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4. Write Code

5. VB Data
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6. Variables

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8. Select Case

9. Looping

10. Functions Intro

11. Math Functions

12. Format Function

13. String Functions

14. Sub Procedure

15. Excel VBA Functions

16. Arrays

17. Create Files

18. Create Graphics

19. Create DVD Player

20. Create Audio Player

21. Create Picture Viewer

22. Multimedia Player

23. Create Database

24. Advanced Database

25. ADO Control

26. DataGrid Control

27. SQL Queries

28. More SQL Querrries

29. E-library

30. Animation 1

31. Animation 2

32. Animation 3

33. Web Browser

34. FTP Program

35. Errors Handling

36. Complie/Distribute

37. Creating Menu

38. Keyboard Handling

39. Printing

40. Creating Report

VB6 Made Easy Paperback