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VL 3Vp
Vp Van Vbn Vcn VL Vab Vbc Vca
SOLUTION
• Due to the three-phase circuit is balanced; we may replace it
with its single-phase equivalent circuit
I Bb I Aa 120
6.81 141.8A
I Cc I Aa 240
6.81 261.8 6.8198.2A
EXAMPLE 2: Balanced Y-Delta Connection
I b I BC I AB 3I AB 150
I c I CA I BC 3I AB 90
SOLUTION
• Line Voltage:
• Phase Current
• Line Current
EXAMPLE 3: Balanced Delta-Delta
Connection
A balanced Δ connected load having an impedance
20-j15 Ω is connected to a Δ connected, positive sequence
generator having Vab 3300 V
0
Vp
30 0
Van 3
Ia
ZY ZY
SOLUTION
• Phase voltage = Line voltage (generator side)
SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE 6: Unbalanced delta
Connected load
The unbalanced -load is supplied by balanced line-to-line voltages
of 240 V in the positive sequence. Find the line currents. Take VAB as
reference.
Active Power in Single Phase
X x2
Q I X (VAR)
2
or Q (VAR)
X
Apparent Power in Single Phase
S V I (VA)
or
S I Z (VA)
2
Power in Y-Connection
P I V cos
P3 PT 3 I V cos
VL
PT 3 I L cos
3
3I LVL cos
QT 3I LVL sin
ST 3I LVL The angle θ is angle between the
voltage and current in any phase of
the load ( it is the same in all
phases), and the power factor of the
load is the cosine of the impedance
angle θ
Power in Δ-Connection
P I V cos
P3 PT 3 I V cos
IL
PT 3 VL cos
3
3I LVL cos
QT 3I LVL sin
ST 3I LVL The angle θ is angle between the
voltage and current in any phase of
the load ( it is the same in all
phases), and the power factor of the
load is the cosine of the impedance
angle θ
Power Factor, pf
ST
Active Power, P (kW)
• Defined as 'the cosine of the angle between the voltage and
current'.
• In AC circuit, the voltage and current are ideally in phase.
• But practically, there exists a phase difference between them.
• The cosine of this phase difference is termed as power factor.
• It can be defined and mathematically represented as follows:
• Power factors are usually stated as "leading" or
"lagging" to show the sign of the phase angle.
Capacitive loads are leading (current leads
voltage), and inductive loads are lagging (current
lags voltage).
Phase Current
Phase
Voltage
Phase
Phase Current Voltage
The total power is the algebraic sum of the two wattmeter readings
and this method of power measurement is known as the two-
wattmeter method.
Figure 1: The Two-Wattmeter Method of Measuring Three-Phase Power