INDIAN INSTITITE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR

Date: 27-04-2016 AN, Time: 3 Hrs., Full Marks: 50, Deptt. : AE

No. of Students: 33, End Spring Semester Examination

Sub. No. AE51007/AE60024, Sub. Name: Combustion Processes in Jet Engines, 4th/5th Yr. B.
Tech.(H)/M. Tech(Dual)/1st year M. Tech/RS

Instructions: Answer all questions. Assume suitable value for any missing data. Symbols have
their usual meaning unless specified otherwise.

1. (a) Draw a schematic diagram of a (d) Dependence of laminar premixed flame

Bunsen burner, showing clearly the fuel and velocity on pressure. 4⤫2.5
air supply lines, fuel mass flow controlling
mechanism and the flame cone. 3. The geometry of the Burke-Schumann
diffusion flame set-up is shown in Fig. 1.
(b) Express the relationship among laminar The flow field is governed by the following
burning velocity, mixture velocity and the set of equations.
half flame cone angle by doing a kinematic
∂Y F 1 ∂Y F
balance. − ∂ (r )=−ω
∂ Z r ∂ r ∂r
(c) Why the flame is established little above ∂YO 1 ∂Y O
− ∂ (r )=−νω
the burner rim under steady burning ∂ Z r ∂ r ∂r
conditions?
Here
(d) A stoichiometric fuel-air mixture
flowing in a Bunsen burner forms a well- ν=ν O W O /ν F W F
defined conical flame. The mixture is then
made leaner. For the same flow velocity in (a) State the assumptions in order to have a
the tube, how does the cone angle change closed form analytical solution for flame
for the leaner mixture? That is, does the surface and flame height.
cone angle become larger or smaller than the (b) When do we observe over- and under-
angle for the stoichiometric mixture? Draw a ventilated flames?
diagram and explain. 5+3+2+5
(c) State the boundary conditions to solve
2. Briefly describe the following the above equations.
(a) Flammability limits for premixed flames. (d) After a change of variable, the two
(b) Premixed unperturbed laminar flame equations (given above) can be converted
structure based on AEA theory. into one, given by

∂ψ
(c) Laminar premixed flame thickness.
∂z
− 1r ∂∂r ( r ∂∂ψr )=0

Page 1 of 2
Write down the expression for the possible Here P is the product, φ is the
coupling function ψ . equivalence ratio and St is the
ψ stoichiometric mass ratio of oxidizer and
(e) The analytical solution for is given
fuel. Find out the mass fractions of un-burnt
by
∞ and burnt species for φ >1.
ψ (c ,z)=A 0 + ∑ A n J 0 ( λn c)exp ( λ2n z) 5
n=1
5. Plot the profiles of YF /YF,u and (T-
A 0 =(1+ φ−1 )c 2 −φ−1 Tu)/(Tb-Tu) in an unperturbed laminar
premixed flame for Le=1 and Le<1. Give
2( 1+φ−1 )c −φ−1
A n= 2
J 1( cλn ) explanations on the possible profiles for the
λ n J 0 ( λn ) two cases. 3+2

λ
where n are the roots of J 1 and c is
a non-dimensional variable for r, varying
between 0 and 1.

(i) Determine the equation that describes the

flame surface.

(ii) Determine the height of an under-

ventilated flame. Take only the first term (
n =1) in the summation.
3+2+3+3+1+3

4. Let the combustion chemistry be

represented by a single step irreversible
reaction between fuel (F) and oxidizer (O) Figure 1. Geometric set-up of Burke and
as Schumann diffusion flame.

φF+(StM F /M O )O→ P+max {φ−1,0 }F+ -End-

max {1−φ , 0}(StM F / M O )O

Page 2 of 2