Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 6

Rope pumps Frequently Asked Questions +3@A7=< 




Who invented the Rope pump?


)63 >@7<17>:3 =4 B63 @=>3 >C;> 7A =D3@

G3/@A =:2 /<2 E/A CA32 7< /<173<B 67</ <


B63 #722:3 3/AB 7B E/A 9<=E< /A B63 $=@7/ &C;> < B63 
A B67A 34431B7D3 >C;> >@7<17>:3
E/A J@327A1=D3@32K 0G #@ ' D/< )783< =4 B63 CB16 3;=B316 =@5/<7A/B7=< E6= AB/@B32
B= CA3 &+ >7>3A /<2 1/@ B7@3A 4=@ B63 E633: B E/A 7<B@=2C132 7< 4@71/ /A L'=>3 /<2
E/A63@ >C;>M /;=<5 =B63@A 0G ) /A / :=E :74B >C;> 4=@ 7@@75/B7=< /<2 4/;7:G E3::A 7<
B63 
B73A B <3D3@ @3/::G B==9 =44 >@=0/0:G 4=@ @3/A=<A /A 7BA :=E :74B 1/>/17BG 7BA J(B=<3
53K7;/53/<2B63:/19=47<D=:D3;3<B=4B63:=1/:>@7D/B3A31B=@

)67A 16/<532 7< $71/@/5C/ E63@3 B63 @=>3 >C;> E/A 7<B@=2C132 7<  )63 CB16
=@5/<7A/B7=< ($+ E=@932 =< B316<71/: 7;>@=D3;3<BA /<2 47@AB 27AA3;7</B7=< /4B3@ E6716
B63 1=;>/<G =;0/A 23 ;31/B3 ( ;/23 7B / 1=;;3@17/: AC113AA B6@=C56 A/:3A B=
B63 >@7D/B3 A31B=@ /<2 :/B3@ =< B= $%A /<2 5=D3@<;3<B $=E B63 @=>3 >C;> >@=D723A
=D3@  =4 B63 @C@/: E/B3@ AC>>:G 7< $71/@/5C/ @34  /<2 7A >@=2C132 0G A=;3

E=@9A6=>A #/<G @=>3 >C;> >@=2C13@A /@=C<2 B63 E=@:2 AB7:: ;/93 J7;>@=D3;3<BAK /<2
433: B63;A3:D3A JB63 7<D3<B=@K )63 :=1/: /2/>B/07:7BG 7A B63 AB@=<5 /<2 A=;3B7;3A E3/9
>=7<B=4B67A ;=23@<>>@=>@7/B3)316<=:=5G

How many Rope pumps are in use and where


< 3AB7;/B32

@=>3 >C;>A /@3 CA32 0G  ;7::7=< >3=>:3 $C;03@A ;/G 03 67563@


A7<13 <=B /:: @=>3 >C;> >@=2C13@A /<2 $%A @3>=@B B637@ >@=2C1B7=< #=AB @=>3 >C;>A
/@3 CA32 7< $71/@/5C/ 


 /<2 <37560=C@7<5 1=C<B@73A  

 0CB B63 @=>3 >C;> 7A


<=E /:A= CA32 7< A7/  

7< /;0=27/ /<2 <27/ /<2 4@71/  

=4 E6716 A=;3


7< .7;0/0E3 /<2 #/:/E7 )63 :3>6/<B &C;>

7< 6/</ +71B=@7/ >C;>




7< B67=>7/ /<2 

7< ./;07/)/<H/<7/#=H/;07?C3#/2/5/A1/@@34 

Is the Rope pump fit for communal water supply?


)63@3 /@3 27443@3<B =>7<7=<A =< B67A A7<13 B63 @=>3 >C;> 7A / A3;7=>3< >C;> /<2
@3?C7@3A 4@3?C3<B ;/7<B3</<13 < ;/<G 1=C<B@73A B63 @=>3 >C;> /@3 CA32 4=@ 1=;;C</:
E/B3@ AC>>:G < $71/@/5C/ B63 @=>3 >C;> 7A B63 </B7=</: AB/<2/@2 4=@ 6/<2 >C;>A
CA32 0G =@5/<7A/B7=<A AC16 /A *$ ' 3B1 =E3D3@ 74 / @=>3 >C;> 7A first
introduced in a new area or country it is advised to start with the rope pump as
a family pump or as a pump for productive use (irrigation) for larger groups of
farmers. 4 7B E=@9A E3:: CA3/53 1/< 03 3F>/<232 B= 1=;;C</: >C;>A 7< 1==>3@/B7=<
E7B6 :=1/: =@ </B7=</: 5=D3@<;3<BA < /:: 1/A3A 7B 7A AB@=<5:G @31=;;3<232 B= CA3
C>2/B32;/<C/:A1=;07<32 E7B6B@/7<7<50G>@=43AA7=</:=@5/<7A/B7=<A

For how many people can one rope pump supply water?
)63 @31=;;3<232 ;/F7;C; <C;03@ =4 >3=>:3 4=@ =<3 @=>3 >C;> 7A

/0=CB

4/;7:73A CB B63@3 /@3 /:A= 3F/;>:3A B6/B =<3 '=>3 >C;> 7A CA32 0G ;/<G ;=@3 CA3@A
C>B=

>3=>:3 4=@G3/@A=@;=@3
Why are some Governments and NGOs reluctant to use the rope pump?
(=;3 ;/G=@@3/A=<AA33; B=03
• B7A/A3;7=>3<>C;>A=B63>3@13>B7=<7AB6/B7B1/<1=<B/;7</B3B63E/B3@
• < A=;3 1/A3A E@=<5 3F/;>:3A E3@3 7<B@=2C132 E7B6 :/19 =4 4=::=EC> /<2 CA3@
7<D=:;3<B :3/27<5 B= :/19 =4 =E<3@A67> /<2 B316<71/: ;7AB/93A 7< 1=<AB@C1B7=<
/<27<AB/::/B7=<:3/27<5B=;/<GC<<313AA/@G0@3/92=E<A
• "/19 =4 /E/@3<3AA =< <3E 23D3:=>;3<BA /<2 B316<71/: /<2 A=17/:
7;>@=D3;3<BA

,63< >C;>A 0@3/9 2=E< B67A 2=3A <=B <313AA/@:G :3/2 B= / >@=0:3; /A :=<5 /A B63
1=;;C<7BG 6/A B63 1/>/17BG B= =@5/<7A3 ;/7<B3</<13 /<2 @3>/7@A B63;A3:D3A )6/B 7A
E6G 7B 7A <=B <313AA/@7:G / 0/2 B67<5 74 >C;>A @3?C7@3 @35C:/@ ;/7<B3</<13 /A 7< B6/B
E/G B63 1/>/17BG B= 2= A= @3;/7<A 7< B63 1=;;C<7BG %4 1=C@A3 B63@3 /@3 :7;7BA B= B63
/113>B/0:3 <C;03@ =4 0@3/92=E<A /<2 @3?C7@32 ;/7<B3</<13 4 / >C;> 0@3/9A 2=E<
=<133D3@G G3/@A:=1/:;/7<B3</<131/>/17BG;/G6/D327AA/>3/@32

=::=E7<5 B63 ;/F7; L(7;>:3 7A <=B /AGM 3D3< / A7;>:3 B316<=:=5G /A / @=>3 >C;>
@3?C7@3A ?C/:7BG AB/<2/@2A 4=@ >@=2C1B7=< 7<AB/::/B7=< /<2 ;/7<B3</<13 D/:C/B7=<A =4
' /<2 =B63@A 7<271/B3 B6/B 74 B67A 7A 2=<3 @756B =D3@ 
 =4 B63 @=>3 >C;>A AB/G
E=@97<5 3D3< ;/<G G3/@A /4B3@ 7<AB/::/B7=< )6/B 7A 031/CA3 B63 >C;>A /@3 ;/7<B/7<32
/<2 @3>/7@32 0G B63 CA3@A B63;A3:D3A < 53<3@/: 7B 1/< 03 A/72 B6/B 74 @=>3 >C;>A 2= <=B
E=@9 E3:: 7B 7A <=B 031/CA3 =4 B63 B316<=:=5G E6716 6/A >@=D3< 7BA3:4 7< ;/<G >:/13A /<2
=< / :/@53 A1/:3 0CB 031/CA3 =4 3@@=@A 7< 1=<AB@C1B7=< 7<AB/::/B7=< /<2 =@ :/19 =4 CA3@
7<D=:D3;3<B 4=@ =E<3@A67> /<2 ;/7<B3</<13 < 1/A3A E63@3 B63 7<B@=2C1B7=< E/A E@=<5
7B 6/A>@=2C132/<35/B7D37;/53=4B63@=>3>C;>3A>317/::GB=5=D3@<;3<BA

&=:71G;/93@A E6= /@3 0G </BC@3 @7A9/D3@A3 E7:: =4B3< =>B 4=@ 9<=E< B316<=:=5G =>B7=<A
AC16 /A B63 4@723D <27/< #/@9  3B1 A @=>3 >C;>A /@3 >@=2C132 0G :=1/: E=@9A6=>A
/<2 2=<MB <332 B= 03 7;>=@B32 7< :/@53 ?C/<B7B73A 7B ;/G /:A= 03 / :3AA 7<B3@3AB7<5 >@=2C1B
4@=; / >=:7B71/: >=7<B =4 D73E $%A AC16 /A ,/B3@ 72 /@3 /<2 *<7134 /@3 CA7<5 '=>3
>C;>A7<B637@>@=5@/;;3A

Is the water from a rope pump safe for drinking?


 >C;> 2=3A <=B 16/<53 B63 ?C/:7BG =4 B63 E/B3@ 0CB 8CAB >C;>A 7B C> < 53<3@/: E/B3@
4@=; >@=B31B32 E3::A /<2 233>3@ E/B3@ :/G3@A 7A A/43 B= 2@7<9 < 1/A3 =4 2=C0B 7B 7A
@31=;;3<232 B= B@3/B B63 E/B3@ /B B63 &=7<B %4 *A3 E7B6 / 27A7<431B7<5 /53<B /<2 =@
E/B3@47:B3@ 3A723A 0=7:7<5 B63@3 <=E /@3 <3E /<2 >@=;7A7<5 :=E 1=AB B@3/B;3<B =>B7=<A
AC16 /A )E7<%F723 (7:D3@2G<3 ,/B3@ 5C/@2 ?C/B/0A (%( 7=A/<2 47:B3@A &=B
47:B3@A/<2:347:B3@A /<2(7>6=<7:B3@A

What are the advantages of rope pumps compared to Piston pumps?


• '&'")- I )63@3 7A <= J0:/19 0=FK A= >3=>:3 C<23@AB/<2 6=E 7B E=@9A
)63 @=>3 >C;> 7A <=B 03BB3@ B6/< / >7AB=< >C;> 0CB ;C16 A7;>:3@ 7< 23A75< A=
/4B3@ B@/7<7<5 CA3@A 1/< 2= ;/7<B3</<13 (>/@3A /A >7AB=<A /<2 @=>3 1/< 03
=0B/7<32 4@=; B63 :=1/: >@=2C13@ /<2 =@ A6=> )63 :=1/: 0:/19A;7B6 1/< 2= @3>/7@A
AC16/AE3:27<5
• %,$'(& I < 53<3@/: @=>3 >C;> CA3@A /@3 >@=C2 B63G 1/< ;/</53 B637@
>C;>A=CA3@A6/D3=E<3@A67>
• #&"%-#$) I < /:: 1=C<B@73A B63 @=>3 >C;> 1/< 03 /2/>B32 B= B63 ;/B3@7/:A
/D/7:/0:3 7< B63 :=1/: 6/@2E/@3 AB=@3 /<2 /4B3@ B@/7<7<5 03 >@=2C132 0G
0:/19A;7B6A =@ ;3B/: E=@9A6=>A "=1/: >@=2C1B7=< 1@3/B3A 3;>:=G;3<B /<2
0CA7<3AA23D3:=>;3<B
• "%, %() I B B63 A/;3 23>B6A @=>3 >C;>A /@3  B=
B7;3A 163/>3@ B6/<
>7AB=< >C;>A 3A>317/::G 4=@ E3::A 233>3@ B6/<  ;3B3@ 3BE33< /<2  ;3B3@
:=E 1=AB AC1B7=<A >C;>A 1/< /:A= 03 CA32 31/CA3 =4 B63 :=E 1=AB @=>3 >C;>A
/@3 ;=@3 /44=@2/0:3 /B 4/;7:G :3D3: B6/< >7AB=< >C;>A  1@327B CA32 B= 0CG / @=>3
>C;> 1/< CAC/::G 03 >/72 0/19 E7B67< G3/@ %B63@ :=E 1=AB 4/;7:G >C;>A /@3
#(&C;>A/<2/>B7AB >C;>A(33 EEE/9D=>327/=@5
• $%# $')%$ I 31/CA3 =4 B63 :=E 1=AB /<2 6756 >C;> D=:C;3
B63 @=>3 >C;> 7A 7<1@3/A7<5:G >=>C:/@ 4=@ >@=2C1B7D3 CA3 AC16 /A 7@@75/B7=< 47A6
>@=2C1B7=< 1/@ E/A67<5 3B1 <D3AB75/B7=<A 7<271/B3 B6/B / 4/;7:G E7B6 / 2C5 E3::
/<2 / @=>3 >C;> 3/@<
*( ;=@3 B6/< 4/;7:73A E7B6 / 2C5 E3:: E7B6 / @=>3
/<20C193B @34 

What are the disadvantages of rope pumps compared to Piston pumps


• )63 @=>3 >C;> 7A / A3;7=>3< >C;> A= B63 E/B3@ 7< B63 E3:: 1/< 03
1=<B/;7</B32 0G 6/<2A B=C167<5 B63 @=>3 (=;3 3D/:C/B7=<A =< B67A /A>31B
7<271/B3 A=;3 27443@3<13 7< E/B3@ 4@=; >7AB=< >C;>A /<2 @=>3 >C;>A %B63@A
7<271/B3 <= 27443@3<13 =4 1=C@A3 =< 1=<27B7=< B6/B E3:: 1=D3@ />@=< /<2 A3/: /@3
%!
•  @=>3 >C;> 1/<<=B >C;> 67563@ B6/<
1; 03:=E B63 63756B =4 B63 E633: 4
B63 E/B3@ =CB:3B <332A B= 03 67563@ /< /227B7=</: E633: 7A <33232 =< / >=AB (33
EEE@=>3>C;>A=@54=@3F/;>:3A

Can the rope pump be installed on small boreholes?


• '=>3 >C;>A 1/< 03 7<AB/::32 =< 0=@36=:3A /A A;/:: /A K  ;; 7<A723 < B67A
1/A3 NK >C;> >7>3 7A <33232 /<2 / /2/>B32 5C723 0=F #=AB @=>3 >C;>A /@3
7<AB/::32=<6/<22C5E3::AE7B627/;3B3@A=4
B= ;3B3@A

What is the cost of a rope pump?



B=

*( 23>3<27<5 =< B63 ;=23: 1=AB =4 ;/B3@7/:A 1=AB =4 :/0=C@ /<2
>@=2C1B7=< 3447173<1G < >@=831BA B63 B63 1=AB =4 / @=>3 >C;> 7A =4B3< 67563@ A7<13
7B 7<1:C23A 1=AB =4 7<AB/::/B7=< B@/7<7<5 =4 CA3@A B7;3 B= 4=@; E/B3@ 1=;;7BB33A
;=<7B=@7<53B1 )631=AB=4/2C5E3::=@/0=@36=:37AA3>/@/B3

What are the maintenance cost per year?


•  B=
*( G3/@
=AB 1=<A7AB ;/7<:G =4 @3>:/17<5 B63 @=>3 /<2 >7AB=<A 4=@ E6716 B63 4@3?C3<1G 23>3<2A
=< CA3 /<2 @=>3 ?C/:7BG '=>3 1/< :/ABA /<GE63@3 03BE33<  ;=<B6A /<2  G3/@A
&7AB=<A 7< 53<3@/: :/AB BE= B7;3A :=<53@ B6/< B63 @=>3 &C;> >7>3A =@ 5C723 0=F3A 6/@2:G
E3/@ =CB )63 &+ >/@BA 3F>=A32 B= B63 AC< A6=C:2 03 =4 B6719 ?C/:7BG /<2 >@=B31B32 0G
>/7<B

What is the pump capacity per minute of a rope pump?


• 
"7B@3A 4@=; ; 233> >C;>>7>3 OK1/ 
;;
• :7B@3A 4@=;
; 233> >C;> >7>3 J  ;;
• "7B@3A 4@=;
; 233> >C;>>7>3 PK  ;;
• "7B@3A 4@=;  ; 233> >C;>>7>3 NK  ;;
• :7B@3A 4@=; 
; 233> >C;>>7>3 NK  ;; 6/<2:3A<33232

)63 >C;> 1/>/17BG 23>3<2A ;/7<:G =< B63 23>B6 =4 B63 E3:: /<2 7A 0/A32 =< B63 7<>CB =4

B= 
E/BB 
E/BBA 7A B63 3<3@5G =4 E=;3< /<2 167:2@3< )63 233>3@ B63 E3:: B63
A;/::3@ B63 27/;3B3@ =4 B63 >C;> >7>3 <332A B= 03 7< =@23@ 4=@ B63 :=/2 B= @3;/7< A7;7:/@
/>/17B73A /@3 /D3@/53A /<2 0/A32 =<

'&# /<2 / 1:3/@/<13 03BE33< >7AB=<A /<2


>C;>>7>3 =4
B=
;;

What is the maximum pumping depth of a rope pump?


• ;3B3@A E7B6=<36/<2:3
• 
;3B3@A E7B6 6/<2:3A >3@A=<A

;3B3@A E7B6 3<57<3 =@ 3:31B@71 2@7D3< ;=23:A (B@=<5 @=>3 /<2 27443@3<B >7AB=<
;=C<B7<5A<33232 (33/:A= EEE@=>3>C;>A=@5

What is the best rope pump model?


)63@3 7A <= =<3 03AB ;=23: )63@3 /@3 =D3@
@=>3 >C;> ;=23:A A7<13 7< 3D3@G 1=C<B@G
;=23:A /@3 /2/>B32 B= B63 :=1/: A7BC/B7=< /<2 :=1/: 4:/D=C@ )63@3 /@3 @=>3 >C;>A =4
E==2 B6/B 6/D3 E=@932 4=@  G3/@A &C;>A E7B6 E633:A =4 <16 /<2 7<16 >C;>A
1=;>:3B3:G 1=D3@32 E7B6 / 0@719 1=<B@C1B7=< =@ A633B AB33: D3@G @=>3 >C;> >@=2C13@
7<D3<BA 7;>@=D3;3<BA /<2 :=1/: /2/>B/B7=<A E6716 7A =<3 =4 B63 AB@=<5 >=7<BA =4 B63 @=>3
>C;> < )/<H/<7/ +73B</; /<2 /;0=27/ B63@3 <=E /@3 4/;7:G ;=23:A E7B6 >@=2C1B7=<
1=AB =4 A=;3 
*( E6716 /@3 1=;>:3B3:G ;/23 =4  >7>3A :: ;=23:A E=@9 74 0/A71
23A75< @C:3A/@3@3A>31B32

What are basic design rules of the rope pump?


• 7/;3B3@=4>C;>>7>3A33/0=D3
• '=>3A>33203BE33< /<2 ; A31
• '756B 1:3/@/<13 7< 0CA67<5A >C;> AB@C1BC@3 E633: AB@C1BC@3 E7B6 + 03:B >@7<17>:3
• ==2?C/:7BG5C7230=F@=>3<=BB==B756B
• 41=@@=A7=<7A/>@=0:3;CA3=4 5/:D/<7A32>7>3A4=@B63AB@C1BC@3

Can a rope pump be powered by an engine?


)63@3 /@3 ;/<G E/GA B= >=E3@ / @=>3 >C;> 7<1:C27<5 >32/:A /<7;/: >=E3@ E7<2
5/A=:7<3 =@ 273A3: 3<57<3 3:31B@71 ;=B=@ (33 EEE>@/1B71/4=C<2/B7=<=@5 /<2
EEE@=>3>C;>A=@5

Are PE pistons better than rubber pistons?


&7AB=<A 1/< 03 ;/23 =CB =4 ;/<G 27443@3<B ;/B3@7/:A /<2 B63 ;=AB 34431B7D3 A33;A @C003@
4@=; 1/@ B7@3 /<2 &  756 3<A7BG &=:G B6G:3<3 'C003@ >7AB=<A 1/< 03 ;/23 E7B6
/ A7;>:3 >C<16 =@ 3D3< A17AA=@A )63 /2D/<B/53 =4 @C003@ >7AB=<A 7A B6/B 1/@ B7@3A /@3
/D/7:/0:3 3D3@GE63@3 )63 >7AB=< A7H3 1/< 3/A7:G 03 /2/>B32 B= B63 =4B3< D/@G7<5 7<A723
27/;3B3@A =4 B63 :=1/: &+ >7>3A 'C003@ >7AB=<A 6/D3 :3AA 4@71B7=< 7< E/B3@ E7B6 A/<2
>/@B71:3A E6716 ;/93A 7B /:A= D3@G CA34C: B= 1:3/< /<2 23D3:=> / @313<B:G 2@7::32 0=@36=:3

& >7AB=<A 1/< 03 ;/23 E7B6 / ;316/<71/: >@3AA =@ / A;/:: ;/<C/: =>3@/B32 7<831B7=<
>@3AA )63 /2D/<B/53 =4 & >7AB=<A 7A B6/B 7A 6/A / AB/<2/@27A32 A7H3 /<2 / ;=@3 67B316
7;/53 ;/97<5 7B ;=@3 /BB@/1B7D3 4=@ 1=;;3@17/: E=@9A6=>A 031/CA3 =B63@ E=@9A6=>A
1/<<=BA=3/AG1=>G7B

When to use a cement guide box and when a steel guide box?
< 53<3@/: 13;3<B 5C723 0:=F3A /@3 07553@ 7< A7H3 /<2 /@3 CA32 7< 6/<2 2C5 E3::A
A>317/::G 74 E3::A /@3 233>3@ B6/<
;3B3@ / 63/D73@ 5C723 0=F 4C<1B7=<A B= 933> B63
>C;> >7>3 AB@/756B < 0=@36=:3A A;/::3@ B6/<  7<16 B63 5C723 0=F 6/A B= 03 A;/:: A= /
;3B/: D3@A7=< 7A AC7B/0:3 C723 0=F3A 1=;>:3B3:G =4 &+ /@3 037<5 B3AB32 7< )/<H/<7/
/<2 /;0=27/

What are most the frequent problems with rope pumps?


• ,3/@7<5 =4 B63 0CA67<5A 031/CA3 =4 ;7A/:75<;3<B :3/@/<13 B= 075 / :/19 =4
=7:7<5 =@ CA3 =4 5@3/A3 <3E =7: 7A <33232 <=B 5@3/A3 CA67<5A A6=C:2 03 1:3/<
<=B0:/194E3:: >@=2C132/<2=7:32 ;3B/:0CA67<5A :/AB4=@  G3/@A=@;=@3
• @3/97<5=4B63 @=>3)63@=>3A6=C:203@3>:/132 034=@30@3/97<5
• @/97<5 =4 B63 6/<2:3 =@ =B63@ >/@BA #/7< @3/A=< 7A 1=<AB@C1B7=< 3@@=@A E@=<5
E3:27<5 3B1
• '=>353BAABC19 =@@=>3 AB/@BA A:7>>7<5=< B63E633:(33#/<C/:
• &C;> 6/<2:3 7A B== 6756 A= 3@5=<=;71 :=AA =4 3<3@5G E7B6 >C;>7<5 &C;>
6/<2:3 A6=C:2 03 =< B63 63756B =4 B63 </D3: =4 B63 /D3@/53 >3@A=< >C;>7<5 4
7B 7A 67563@ B63< / >:/B4=@; 7A <33232 =@ ;=@3 <4=@;/B7=< A33 ;/<C/:A =<
EEE1=<<31B7<B3@</B7=</:<:

How much area can a Rope pump irrigate?


B=

;  23>3<27<5=<1@=> 23>B6 =4E3::/<26=C@A =4 >C;>7<5



< 3F/;>:3 4@=; .7;0/0E3 6/A @=>3 >C;> =4
;3B3@ 233> E6716 7A =>3@/B32 0G 
E=;3< 7@@75/B7<5

;  >@=2C17<5 4==2 4=@

>3=>:3 /<2 >@=D727<5


4/;7:73A =4
E/B3@ 4=@ 2=;3AB71 CA3 < ./;07/ / 4/@;3@ 4/;7:G 7@@75/B3A 

; =4 B=;/B=3A 4@=; /
0=@36=:3 =4 ; 233>

Can I use a Rope pump for drip irrigation?


-3A 23>3<27<5 =< BG>3 =4 :/B3@/:A < 53<3@/: :/B3@/:A E7B6 >@3>C<1632 6=:3A 4=@
7<AB/<13 4@=; B63 <27/< 0@/<2 ! @7> 57D3 B63 03AB @3AC:BA /<2 /@3 ;=AB 1=AB 34431B7D3
)67A AGAB3; 1/< 03 27@31B:G 1=C>:32 B= B63 =CB:3B =4 B63 >C;> $= 3:3D/B32 AB=@/53 B/<9
7A<33232
< +73B</; B63@3/@33F>3@7;3<BAE7B6/ :=E:74B J&/22G>C;>K 4=@@7137@@75/B7=<

References
)@/<A43@@7<5B63'=>3>C;>B= 4@71/ :=<5/<2,7<27<5@=/2
((CBB=< =;;3,/B3@:7<3A >@7:

 +=: 
,30A7B3AE7B67<4=@;/B7=<=<'=>3>C;>A7<1:C23 EEE23;=B316=@5  EEE@=>3>C;>A=@5
EEE@=>3>C;>1=; EEE&@/1B71/4=C<2/B7=<<: EEE=<<31B7<B3@</B7=</:<:

3 A multi sectoral approach to sustainable rural water supply in Nicaragua:

the role of the rope handpump. J.H.Alberts (1) and J.J. van der Zee (2)

Other References
:7;07<5B63E/B3@:/223@;C:B7>:3CA3E/B3@A3@D713A4=@>=D3@BG@32C1B7=<
'C5CAB

=@B63 (B=196=:; ,/B3@ ,339  (;/@B,/B3@(=:CB7=<A EEE$,&<:


• #GB6A=4B63'C@/:,/B3@(C>>:G(31B=@ ',($ !/<3@B ,/B3@ :7<3A &3@A>31B7D3A<=


• )631/A34=@B63@=>3>C;>7< 4@71/1=;>/@/B7D3>3@4=@;/<13/</:GA7A& /@D3G /<2)
@=C7<,

Вам также может понравиться