1 Customers ative at a fast-food restaurant at a rate of five per minute and watt to receive their order Az ft gverage of 5 minutes. With probability 05 customers ett in the soraense and carry out their food without eating with probability 0.5. A meal requires an average of 20 minutes to finish eating, - ‘What is the average number of customers in the restaurant? Problem 1 Solution Methed |: For those customers carrying out their food, they stay in the restaurant with an average of 5 minutes (for waiting). This situation happens with the probability of 0.5. For those customers cating in, they stay with an average of 25 minutes (for waiting and eating), which also happens with the probability of 0.5. Two situations considered together, the average customer time 15. We know that customers arrive at a rate of in the restaurant is T = 0.545 + 0.5425 = 4= 5. By Little's Theorem the average number in the restaurant is N= A*T' = 5415 =7. Method 2: 91> Pstiy ¥ Soon = 25 Amin2 A person enters a bank and finds all of the four tellers busy serving customers. There are customers in the bank, so the person wil start ecelving service 26 so0n es one-of ann pos ee service leaves. Customers have independent, identical, exponential distribution of service time with mnean I/p. . (0) Usha io tht prbebi by thet to person Problem 2 will be the bone te hee the bonk Badung No eth Cudtemers arrive? ae Th 4s ancr age ce time wo | minke, 2 (a)The probebites ht the person will Be ee Teave is so [mn the exponential distribution is memoryless, and all customers have identical service time distribution, In particular, at.the instant the customer enters service there are 4 persons at service, and the remaining service time of each of the other three customers served has the same distribution as the service time of the customer. He averege time the fetson Sponcls én the fuk? (b)The average time in‘the bank is the average service time (1 minute) plus the average waiting time before being served. The average waiting time equals to the expected time for the first customer to finish service, which is } minute since the departure process is statistically identical to that of a single server facility with 4 times larger service rate. More precisely we have P{no customer departs in the next t minutes} = P{departure time of customer 1 > #} + P{departure time of customer 2 > t} + P{departure time of customer 3 > } ¥P{departure time of customer 4 > ¢} et) = et The above equation use the fact that the 4 service times are 4 independent exponential distributed random variables. Therefore, P{the first departure occurs within the next t minutes} = " just meaning the first departure time is exponential distributed and the expected time for the first departure is }. Now, we can get the average time the person will spend in the bank is 1+4=$ minutes.Regenerative method. A packet has to be sent from node A to node D via nodes B and C. The transmission proceeds as follows. First, A transtnits the packet to B. phe transmission is always successful and takes T units of time. Second, B sends the packet to C. This is. successful with probability 1 — ¢ and takes T time units. If the transmission from B to C is unsuccessful, then B finds out that the transmission is incorrect after 27 time units. It then Tepeats the transmission until the first success, Third, C sends the packet to D. This takes T time units and is successful with probability 1 — ¢, If it is not successful, then A finds out after 3T time ‘units, and A must then repeat the whole process. Find the mean time needed until D first gets a successful packet. Let Xa. Xa and Ke be the time t peach costin ation D slarting from Arb. OC, respectively KAS alee ee er ye : Xp = (alae 2T + Xz, Pre X= i v pire 3T+ Xa pre Soe ee ee Elxaj = a (See | Meare bo. an r = es Roe Sl Paine Xe a Oh forces of TSAR ee a frm ee