SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

1 Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat tindak balas di antara larutan
kalium iodide dan air klorin melalui pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.

Diagram 1 shows the set- up of apparatus to investigate the reaction between

potassium iodide solution and chlorine water through the transfer of electrons at a
distance..
G

Electrode P Electrode Q

Potassium iodide Chlorine water

solution

Dilute sulphuric acid

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 1

i. Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik cair?

What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark ]
ii. Pada rajah 1, lukiskan arah pengaliran elektron – elektron.
On the diagram 1, draw the direction of the flow of electrons.

[1 mark ]
iii. Apakah perubahan warna dalam larutan di sekitar elektrod?
(i) What is the colour change in the solution around electrode P?
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
iv. (ii) Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk menentukan hasil yang terbentuk dalam
larutan di elektrod P.
Describe a chemical test to determine the product formed in the solution at
electrode P.
……………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………...............
[2 marks ]
v. Apakah bahan yang dioksidakan dalam eksperimen?Terangkan mengapa.
What is the substance that is being oxidised in the experiment? Explain why.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….....
[2 marks ]
vi. Tuliskan satu persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di
elektrod Q.
Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at electrode Q.

…………………………………………………………………………………………....
[1 mark ]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

vii. Cadangkan reagen lain yang boleh menggantikan air klorin.

Suggest another reagent that can replace chlorine water.

………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark ]

viii. Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi klorin dalam tindak balas?
What is the change in oxidation number of chlorine in the reaction?

…………………………………………………………………………………………......
[1 mark ]

2 Jadual 2 menunjukkan susunan radas dan pemerhatian tiga eksperimen untuk

mengkaji tindak balas redoks.
Table 2 shows the set-up of apparatus and observations of three experiments to
investigate the redox reaction.
Eksperime
Susunan radas Pemerhatian
n
Set-up of apparatus Observation
Experiment

Gas jar Magnesium terbakar dengan

terang.
Balang gas Carbon dioxide Baki putih dan serbuk hitam
gas terbentuk.
Heated magnesium Magnesium burns brightly.
I
Gas karbon White residue and black powder
Magnesium yang formed.
dioksida
panas
Acidified potassium Warna ungu kalium
manganat(VII)
manganate(VII) berasid dinyahwarnakan.
Larutan ferum(II) sulfat bertukar
II daripada hijau kepada kuning.
Iron (II) sulphate The purple colour acidified
potassium manganate(VII)
Ferum(II) sulfat decolourises. Iron(II) sulphate
solution changes from green to
yellow.

Zinc
Zink melarut.
Zink Pepejal kelabu terbentuk.
III
Zinc dissolved.
Iron (II) sulphate Grey solid formed.

Ferum (II) sulfat

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

(a)Berdasarkan Eksperimen I :
Based on Experiment I :
(i)Nyatakan nama baki putih dan serbuk hitam itu.
State the name of the white residue and the black powder.
Baki putih / White residue :
………………………………………………………..
Serbuk hitam / Black powder :
…………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(ii) Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas itu.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(iii) Bahan manakah yang mengalami penurunan? Nyatakan satu sebab
bagi jawapan anda.
Which substance undergoes reduction? State a reason for your
answer.
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(b) Berdasarkan Eksperimen II :

Based on the Experiment II :

Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi ferum.

(i) State the change in oxidation number of iron.

........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Cadangkan reagen lain yang boleh menggantikan kalium manganat(VII)
berasid.
(ii) Suggest another reagent that can replace acidified potassium
manganate(VII).

........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Berdasarkan Eksperimen II dan Eksperimen III bandingkan peranan ion ferum(II).
Terangkan jawapan anda dari segi pemindahan elektron.
(c) Based on Experiment II and Experiment III compare the function of iron(II) ion.
Explain your answer in terms of electron transfer.

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

[4 marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

3 (a) Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan
elektron pada suatu jarak.
Diagram 3.1 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment to investigate the transfer
of electrons at a distance.

Carbon X Carbon Y
Karbon X Karbon Y

Iron (II) sulphate solution Acidified potassium manganate(VII)

solution
Larutan ferum(II) sulfat Larutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid

Dilute sulphuric acid

Diagram 3.1 Asid sulfurik cair
Rajah 3.1

(i) Nyatakan nama agen pengoksidaan dalam tindak balas ini.

State the name of the oxidizing agent in this reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………………....
[ 1 mark]
(ii) Merujuk pada tindak balas yang berlaku di karbon X :
Referring to the reaction that takes place at carbon X :

(iii) Tuliskan persamaan setengah untuk tindak balas itu.

Write the half equation for the reaction.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]

(iv) Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang berlaku.

State one observation that occurred.
………………………………………………………….............……………………
[ 1 mark]
(v) Tunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron dalam Rajah 3.1
Show the direction of the electron flow in Diagram 3.1

(vi) Merujuk pada tindak balas yang berlaku pada karbon Y, hitungkan nombor
pengoksidaan bagi mangan dalam MnO4-
Referring to the reaction that takes place at carbon Y, calculate the oxidation number
of manganese in MnO4-

[ 2 marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

(b) Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji penyesaran halogen
daripada larutan halidanya. Air klorin ditambah ke dalam tabung uji yang
mengandungi larutan kalium iodida dan pelarut organik 1,1,1-trikloroetana.
Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the displacement of
halogen from its halide solution. Chlorine water was added to a test tube
containing a potassium iodide solution and organic solvent, 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Chlorine water

Air klorin
Potassium iodide Shake
solution Brown solution
Goncang
Larutan kalium Larutan perang
iodida
Purple
1,1,1-trichloroethane
organic layer
1,1,1-trikloroetana
Rajah 3.2
Diagram 3.2 Lapisan organik

(i) Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas itu.

Write the ionic equation for the reaction.

......
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
[ 1 mark]

(ii) Apakah fungsi air klorin?

What is the function of chlorine water?
……………………………………………………………………….......................................
[ 1 mark]
(iii) Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi iodin.
State the change of oxidation number for iodine.

................................................................……………………………………………
[ 1 mark]
(iv) Nyatakan nama satu bahan uji lain yang boleh menggantikan air klorin
State the name of another reagent that can replace chlorine water

............................................…………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

4. Jadual 4 menunjukkan dua tindakbalas redoks

Table 4 shows two redox reactions.

Tindakbalas Persamaan
Reaction Equation

I 2NH3(g) + 3Br2(g)  N2(g) + 6HBr(g)

II 2Fe2+(aq) + Br2(aq)  2Fe3+(aq) + 2Br-(aq)

Tabl
e 4 [Jadual 4]

(a) Dalam tindakbalas I

In reaction I
(i) Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan nitrogen?
What is the change in oxidation number of nitrogen?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

[I markah]
(ii) Nyatakan jenis tindakbalas dalam (a)(i).
State the type of reaction in (a)(i).

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[I markah]

(b) (i) Jika gas bromin digantikan dengan gas klorin ramalkan kereaktifan
tindakbalas gas klorin berbanding dengan gas bromin dalam tindakbalas ini.
If bromine gas in Reaction I is replaced by chlorine gas,predict the reactivity of
the chlorine gas compare to bromine gas in the reaction

............................………………………………………………………………………………

(i) Terangkan jawapan anda di (b)(i)

Explain your answer in (b)(i)

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
.
[2 markah]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

(c) Dalam tindakbalas II,

In reaction II,

(i) Apakah peranan Br2?.

What is the function of Br2?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[I markah]

(ii) Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c)(i)

Explain your answer in (c)(i)

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[I markah]
[ 1 mark]

(d) Huraikan satu ujian untuk menunjukkan tindakbalas II telahberlaku

Describe a chemical test to show that reaction II has occurred.

……..............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(e) Satu larutan mengandungi ion Fe2+ dalam tindakbalas II diganti dengan satu
larutan yang mengandungi ionI – Apakah akan diperhatikan apabila
tetraklorometana dicampurkan kepada larutan terhasil dan kemudian digoncang.
The solution containing Fe2+ ions in reaction II is replaced by a solution containing I
–
ions. What would be observed when tetrachloromethane is added to the resulting
solution and is then shaken?

...........................................………………………………………………………………

[I markah]
[ 1 mark]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

5. Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada satu
jarak.Elektrod karbon P dicelup ke dalam larutan kalium iodida manakala elektrod karbon Q
dicelup ke dalam larutan kalium dikromat (VI) berasid.
Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to study the transfer of electrons at a
distance. Carbon electrode P is dipped into potassium iodide solution whereas carbon
electrode Q is dipped into acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution.

Carbon electrode Q Carbon electrode P

Elektrod karbon Q
Elektrod karbon P
Acidified potassium Potassium iodide solution
dichromate (VI) solution Larutan kalium iodida
Larutan kalium dikromat (VI)
berasid
Sulphuric acid

Asid sulfurik
Rajah 5

Diagram 5
(a) Pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak merupakan satu tindak balas redoks.
Apakah tindak balas redoks?
Transfer of electrons at a distance is a redox reaction.
What is redox reaction?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik dalam eksperimen ini?
What is the function of sulphuric acid in this experiment?

……..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(c) Lukiskan anak panah untuk menunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron dalam
Rajah 5.
Draw an arrow to show the direction of electrons flow in Diagram 5.

[1 mark]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

(d) .Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod P.
Write the half equation for the reaction occurred at electrode P

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) Selepas 10 minit, beberapa titis larutan kanji ditambahkan ke dalam larutan
pada elektrod P.
After 10 minutes, a few drops of starch solution are added to the solution at
electrode P.

Apakah perubahan warna larutan itu?

What is the colour change of the solution?

..……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(f) Persamaan berikut menunjukkan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas pada
elektrod Q.
The following equation shows the half equation for the reaction at electrode Q.

Cr2O7 2– (aq) + 14H+ (aq) + 6e  2Cr 3+ (aq) + 7H2O (l)

(i)Hitungkan nombor pengoksidaan bagi kromium dalam ion Cr2O7 2–.

Calculate the oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O7 2– ion.

[1 mark]
(ii)Nyatakan proses yang berlaku pada elektrod Q.
State the process occurs at electrode Q.

..………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii)Terangkan proses di 4(e)(ii) dari segi perubahan nombor pengoksidaan.

Explain the process at 4(e)(ii) in terms of change in oxidation number

………………………………………………………………………………………..………

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
(iv) Namakan bahan kimia lain yang boleh digunakan bagi menggantikan larutan kalium
dikromat (VI) berasid.
Name another chemical that can be used to replace acidified potassium dichromate
(VI) solution.

...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

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 SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

6 Jadual 6.1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen yang dijalankan untuk membandingkan

kebolehan halogen sebagai agen pengoksidaan dalam tindak balas penyesaran halogen.
Table6.1 shows the result of an experiment that is carried out to compare the ability of
halogens as oxidizing agents in halogen displacement reactions.

Kalium klorida Kalium bromida Kalium iodida

Potassium chloride. Potassium bromide. Potassium iodide.

Klorin Tiada tindak balas Tindak balas Tindak balas

Chlorine No reaction berlaku berlaku
Reaction occurred Reaction occurred
Bromin Tiada tindak balas Tiada tindak balas Tindak balas
Bromine No reaction No reaction berlaku
Reaction occurred

Iodin Tiada tindak balas Tiada tindak balas Tiada tindak balas
Iodine No reaction No reaction No reaction

Jadual 6.1
Table6.1

(a) Nyatakan pemerhatian bagi tindak balas yang berlaku antara klorin dan larutan kalium
bromida.
State the observation for the reaction between chlorine and potassium bromide solution.

............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) (i) Namakan larutan perang yang terhasil dalam tindak balas antara air bromin dan
larutan kalium iodida .
Name the brown solution produced in the reaction between bromine water and
potassium iodide.

...................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan kehadiran bahan yang dinamakan
dalam (b) (i).
Describe a test to confirm the presence of the substance named in (b) (i).

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

(iii) Tuliskan persamaan ionik bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam (b) (i).
Write an ionic equation for the reaction in (b) (i).

...................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c)
Merujuk kepada tindak balas antara klorin dan kalium iodida
Referring to the reaction between chlorine and potassium iodide
(i) Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi klorin?
What is the change in the oxidation number of chlorine?

................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Namakan agen penurunan.

Name the reducing agent.

................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (c)(ii)

Give the reason for your answer in (c)(ii)

................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) Berdasar Jadual 6.1, susun tiga halogen berkenaan mengikut tertib menaik kereaktifan.
Based on Table 6.1, arrange the three halogens in the order of increasing reactivity.

...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

7 Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen bagi mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada
satu jarak. Larutan X ialah agen pengoksidaan dan bertukar warna dari ungu kepada tidak
berwarna selepas beberapa minit bertindak balas.
Diagram 7 shows the set up of the apparatus of an experiment to investigate the transfer of
electrons at a distance. Solution X is an oxidising agent and turns colour from purple to
colourless after a few minutes reacted.

Carbon Carbon

Karbon Karbon

Potassium iodide solution

X
Larutan kalium iodida

Dilute sulphuric acid

Asid sulfurik cair

Diagram 7
Persamaan ion keseluruhan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektod A dan B adalah,
The overall ionic equation that occurs at electrodes A and B is,

2MnO4- + 16H+ + 10I- → 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5I2

(a Namakan larutan X.
Name the solution X.

[1 mark]

(b Hitungkan nombor pengoksidaan bagi mangan dalam ion MnO4-.

Calculate the oxidation number of manganese in MnO4- ion.

[1 mark]
Nyatakan jenis tindakbalas yang berlaku pada elektod A.
State the type of reaction that occurs at electrode A.

[1 mark]

Merujuk kepada tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod B.

Referring to the reaction that takes place at electrode B.

(i) Nyatakan pemerhatian?

State the observation?

[1 mark]

(ii) Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindakbalas.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

Write the half equation for the reaction.

[1 mark]
(iii) Terangkan tindak balas yang berlaku dari segi pemindahan elektron.
Explain the reaction that occurs in term of transfer of electron.

[1 mark]

Nyatakan fungsi bagi asid sulfurik cair dalam eksperimen ini.

State the function of the dilute sulphuric acid in this experiment.

[1 mark]
Di dalam eksperimen lain anda dibekalkan dengan kepingan zink, kepingan kuprum,
larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dan semua radas yang diperlukan.
Lukiskan satu gambarajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menyiasat
pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.
In other experiment you are given zinc strip, copper strip, copper(II) sulphate solution and
all apparatus required.
Draw a labelled diagram to show another set up of apparatus to investigate the transfer
of electron at a distance.

[2 marks]

8 Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji tindak balas

redoks. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan didalam
eksperimen ini.
A pupil carried out an experiment to investigate a redox reaction. Diagram 10.1
shows the set-up of apparatus used in the experiment.

G
G
Carbon electrode Y
Carbon electrode X
Elektrod karbon Y
Elektrod karbon X
Iron (II) sulphate solution
Bromine water
Larutan ferum (II) sulfat
Air Bromin
U Tube Sulphuric Acid

Tiub U Diagram 8.1 Acid Sulfurik

Rajah 8.1

(a) Namakan satu bahan yang boleh menggantikan air bromin dalam

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

eksperimen ini.
Name one substance that can replace bromine water in this experiment.

………………………..………………………….………………………………….
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) Jika eksperimen ini diulangi dengan menggunakan minyak masak

menggantikan asid sulfurik, galvanometer tidak menunjukkan bacaan.
Terangkan mengapa.
If the experiment is repeated using cooking oil to replace sulphuric acid, the
galvanometer does not show any reading. Explain why.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) Persamaan setengah tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod Y adalah
seperti di bawah.
The half equation of the reaction at electrode Y is as below.

Fe2+  Fe3+ + e

(i) Nyatakan perubahan warna larutan ferum (II) sulfat di dalam tindak
balas ini.
State the colour change of iron (II) sulphate solution in this reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Tindak balas ini adalah tindak balas pengoksidaan. Apakah yang
dimaksudkan dengan tindak balas pengoksidaan dari segi
pemindahan elektron?
This reaction is an oxidation reaction. What is meant by oxidation
reaction in terms of electron transfer?

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

9. Rajah 11 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji tindak balas yang berlaku di
dalam tabung uji A dan B.
Diagram 9 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction occurred in test
tubes A and B.

Agar-agar solution

+
Chlorine water
Air klorin Potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III)
solution

Phenolphthalein

Iron nail coiled with zinc

Iron(II) sulphate
solution Paku besi yang dililit
Larutan ferum(II) dengan zink
sulfat

Test tube A Test tube B

Tabung uji A Tabung uji B
Rajah9

(a) Berdasarkan tabung uji A,

Based on test tube A,

(i) Namakan tindak balas yang berlaku.

Name the reaction occurred.
....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.

Write the ionic equation for the reaction.
..........................................................................................
.........................................

(iii) Nyatakan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil yang terbentuk.
State a chemical test to verify the product formed.

.................................................................................................................
..................

.................................................................................................................
..................

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

[2 marks]

(b) Berdasarkan tabung uji B,

Based on test tube B,

(i) Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.

State the observation involved.
.................................................................................................................
..................
[1 mark]

(ii) Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan kuprum bagi menggantikan

zink. Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat
Experiment is repeated by using copper to replace zinc.
State the observation involved.

...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c) Bandingkan jawapan di (b)(i) dan (b) (ii) dan terangkan kenapa terdapat perbezaan
dalam pemerhatian.
Compare the answer in (b)(i) and (b) (ii) and explain why there is a difference in the
observation.
........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(d) Apabila besi terdedah kepada air dan oksigen, ia mudah berkarat. Nyatakan satu
kaedah untuk mengelakkan besi daripada berkarat.
When iron is exposed to water and oxygen, it rusts easily. State one method to
prevent the rusting of iron.

........................................................................................................................................
..
[1 mark]

10 (a) Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan logam P dan Q
ke atas pengaratan paku besi. Keputusan dicatatkan selepas satu hari.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

Diagram 10.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to study the effect of metals P and
Q on the rusting of iron nail. The results are recorded after one day.

Experiment Observation after 1 day

Eksperimen Pemerhatian selepas 1 hari

Agar-agar solution with potassium

hexacyanoferrate(III) and
Some dark blue
phenolphthalein solution. precipitate.
A
Sedikit mendakan
Larutan agar-agar dengan larutan biru.
kalium heksianoferat(III) dan
Iron nail
fenolftalein
Paku besi
Agar-agar solution with potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) and
Large amount of dark
phenolphthalein solution.
blue precipitate
B Larutan agar-agar dengan larutan Banyak mendakan
kalium heksianoferat(III) dan biru.
fenolftalein
Iron nail wrapped with metal P

Paku besi dililit dengan logam P

Agar-agar solution with potassium

hexacyanoferrate(III) and No dark blue
precipitate. Solution
phenolphthalein solution. turns pink.
C Larutan agar-agar dengan larutan Tiada mendakan biru.
kalium heksianoferat(III) dan Larutan bertukar
fenolftalein merah jambu.
Iron nail wrapped with metal Q

Paku besi dililit dengan logam Q

Rajah 10.1

(i) Nyatakan fungsi larutan kalium heksasianoferat(III) dalam eksperimen ini.

State the function of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution in this
experiment.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi pembentukan ion ferum(II) daripada

ferum.
Write the half equation for the formation of iron(II) ion from iron.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(iii) Dalam tabung uji manakah menunjukkan pengaratan besi yang paling
cepat. Terangkan jawapan anda.
In which test tube, iron rust the fastest? Explain your answer.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

(iv) Susun logam Fe, P dan Q mengikut urutan menurun keelektropositifan.

Arrange the metal Fe, P and Q in decreasing order of electropositivity.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat tindak balas di antara
larutan kalium manganat(VII) dan larutan ferum(II) klorida melalui pemindahan
elektron pada satu jarak.
Diagram 10.2 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction between
potassium manganate(VII) solution and iron(II) chloride solution through the
transfer of electrons at a distance.

Carbon electrode P Q Carbon electrode

Elektrod karbon
Elektrod karbon

Potassium manganate (VII)

Iron(II) chloride solution
Kalium manganat(VII) Larutan ferum(II) klorida

Persamaan ion yang tidak lengkap bagi tindak balas

Dilutetersebut
sulphuricialah
acid :
The incomplete ionic equation for the reaction isAsid
: sulfurik cair

………. Fe2+ + MnO4Diagram

-
+ 8H+/ → 5Fe
Rajah
3+ 2+
13.2 + Mn + …………. H2O

(i) Lengkapkan persamaan di atas.

Complete the above equation.

(ii) Apakah perubahan warna dalam larutan pada elektrod P?

What is the change in colour at electrode P?

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

(iii) Apakah bahan yang mengalami pengoksidaan dalam eksperimen ini?

Terangkan mengapa.
What is the substance that undergoes oxidation in this experiment? Explain
why.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

(iii) Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk menentukan hasil yang terbentuk di elektrod
Q.
Describe a chemical test to determine the product formed at electrode Q.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

11
Pengaratan besi adalah suatu tindak balas redoks yang boleh berlaku
secara semulajadi.

Rusting of iron is a redox reaction which can occurs naturally.

(a) Apakah tindakbalas redoks.

What is redox reaction.

..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Nyatakan keadaan untuk besi berkarat secara semulajadi.
State the conditions for iron rust naturally.
..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c) Besi mengalami pengoksidaan semasa berkarat. Tuliskan setengah persamaan

untuk pengoksidaan besi..
Iron undergoes oxidation reaction during rusting .Write half equation for the oxidation
of iron.

..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel bagi proses pengaratan besi yang menunjukkan
bagaimana syarat untuk pengaratan besi melibatkan pengaliran elektron, kutub negatif
dan kutub positif.
Draw a labeled diagram for rusting of iron to show how the condition of rusting of iron
involves the flow of electron, negative pole and positive pole.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

[3marks]
(e) Huraikan pemindahan elektron dan tindak balas yang berlaku pada kutub positif
selepas besi dioksidakan.
Describe the transfer of electron and the reaction that take place at the positive pole
after iron is oxidized.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................
[3marks]

(f) Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengelakkan besi berkarat..

State two ways of preventing the rusting of iron.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................
[2marks]

12 (a) Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas yang
melibatkan pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.
Diagram 12.1 shows the apparatus set-up to study the reaction involving the transfer
of electron at a distance.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

Carbon rod Carbon rod

Carbon rod
Rod karbon Rod karbon

Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution Potassium iodide solution

Larutan kalium manganat(VII) beasid Larutan kalium iodida

Dilute sulphuric acid

Asid sulfurik cair

Diagram 12.1
Rajah 12.1

(i) Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik cair?

What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid?

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Dalam Rajah 12.1, tunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron dengan menggunakan
satu anak panah.
In Diagram 12.1, indicate the direction of electron flow by using an arrow.

[1
mark]

(iii) Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid.

State the colour change for acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(iv) Namakan agen penurunan bagi tindak balas tersebut.

Name the reducing agent for the reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(v) Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi bahan yang dinamakan dalam (a) (iv).
Write the half-equation for substance named in (a) (iv).

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) Rajah 12.2 menunjukkan satu tindak balas redoks antara air bromin dan larutan
ferum(II) sulfat.
Diagram 12.2 shows a redox reaction between bromine water and iron(II) sulphate
solution.

Larutan ferum(II) sulfat

Rajah 12.2

(i) Nyatakan pemerhatian

Diagram bagi
12.2 tindak balas tersebut.
State observation for the reaction.

.....………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 markah]

(ii) Apakah perubahan nombor pengosidaan bagi bromin?

What is the change in the oxidation number of bromine?

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 markah]
(iii) Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.
Write the ionic equation for the reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 markah]

(iv) Huraikan satu ujian untuk mengenal kation yang terhasil.

Describe a test to confirm the cation produced.

…………………………………………….................................……………………

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

…………………………………….................................…………………………..

…………………………………………………………………..................................

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

13

Carbon
Carbon
Karbon
Karbon

Acidified potassium
Potassium iodide manganate(VII) solution
solution Larutan kalium
Larutan kalium iodida manganat(VII) berasid
Dilute sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik cair

Rajah 13

Rajah 13 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen bagi mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada
satu jarak. Selepas beberapa minit, larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid bertukar dari ungu
kepada tanpa warna
Diagram 13 shows the set up of the apparatus of an experiment to investigate the
transfer of electrons at a distance. After a few minutes the acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution turns from purple to colourless.

(a) Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi larutan kalium iodida.

State the colour change of potassium iodide solution.

...................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Tulis persamaan setengah bagi tindakbalas di (4)(a).

Write the half equation for the reaction in (4)(a).

……………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(c) Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi iodin.

State the change in oxidation number of iodine.

……………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

(d) Merujuk kepada tindakbalas yang berlaku pada larutan kalium

manganat(VII) berasid.
Referring to the reaction that takes place in acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution.

Nyatakan jenis tindakbalas yang berlaku.

(i) State the type of reaction that occurs.

……………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

Tulis persamaan setengah bagi tindakbalas tersebut.

(ii) Write the half equation for the reaction .

.........................................................................................
[2 mark]

Apakah fungsinya larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid ?

(iii) What is the function of acidified potassium manganate(VII)
solution?

…………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

Namakan reagan lain yang boleh menggantikan larutan kalium

manganat(VII) berasid.
(iv) Name another reagent that can be used to replace acidified
potassium manganate(VII) solution water .

........................................................................................
[1 mark]
Tunjukkan arah pengaliran electron pada diagram 17.
(e) Show the direction of the electron flows in the diagram 17.
[1 mark]

(f) Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik cair dalam eksperimen ini?

What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid in this experiment?

……………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

ESEI

1 (a) Dengan menggunakan contoh yang dinamakan, terangkan

Using named examples, explain

24
SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

i. apakah dimaksudkan dengan tindak balas redoks, berasaskan

perubahan dalam nombor pengoksidaan.
what is meant by a redox reaction, based on changes in oxidation
numbers.

ii. mengapakah peneutralan asid-bes bukan tindak balas redoks

why acid-base neutralisation is not a redox reaction

[6
markah] [6 marks]

(b)

Agen pengoksidaan dalam satu tindak balas boleh bertindak balas sebagai agen
penurunan dalam tindak balas lain .
An oxidising agent in one reaction may act as a reducing agent in another reaction.

Bincangkan pernyataan di atas, berdasarkan tindak balas yang diwakili oleh

persamaan-persamaan berikut :

Discuss the above statement, based on the two reactions represented by the
equations
below:

(i) 2Fe2+(aq) + Br2(aq)  2Fe3+(aq) + 2Br-(aq)

(ii) Mg(s) + Fe2+(aq)  Mg2+(aq) + Fe(s)

[6
markah]
[6 marks]

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 SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

(c) Huraikan satu eksperiment untuk menjalankan tindak balas di (b)(i) yang melibatkan
pemindahan elektron melalui satu jarak.
Huraian anda hendaklah termasuk :

Describe an experiment to carry out the reaction in (b)(i), involving the transfer of
electrons over a distance.
Your explanation should include :

Gambarajah radas berlabel

 A labelled diagram of the apparatus

Prosedur
 Procedure

Persamaan setengah
 Half-equations

Perubahan warna yang diperhatikan

 Colour changes observed

[8 markah]
[8 marks]

2 (a) Takrifkan proses pengoksidaan dan penurunan dari segi perubahan nombor pengoksidaan.
Define the oxidation and reduction processes in terms of the change in the oxidation
number.

[2 marks]

(b) Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan mengapa tindak balas- tindak
balas berikut adalah bukan tindak balas redoks
By using a suitable example, explain why each of the following reactions is not a
redox reaction.

Tindak balas peneutralan

(i) Neutralisation reaction

(ii) Tindak balas pemendakan

Precipitation reaction

[6 marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

(c) Rajah 8 menunjukkan perubahan-perubahan yang berlaku ke atas larutan ferum(III)

klorida.
Diagram 8 shows the changes involving iron(III) chloride solution.

Iron(III) chloride solution I Green solution II Brown solution

+ Zinc + Bromine water
Larutan perang
Larutan ferum(III) klorida Larutan hijau
+ Zink + Air bromin
III + Magnesium
+ Magnesium
Colourless solution

Larutan tanpa warna

Diagram / Rajah 8

Terangkan proses I, II dan III.

Jawapan anda haruslah mengandungi perkara-perkara berikut :
Explain the process I, II and III.
Your answer should consist of the followings :

 persamaan ion
ionic equation

bahan yang dioksidakan dan diturunkan

 the substances that are oxidised and reduced

bahan yang bertindak sebagai agen pengoksidaan dan agen

penurunan
 the substances act as oxidizing agent and reducing agent

[12 marks]

3 (a) Takrifkan pengoksidaan dan penurunan dari segi pemindahan elektron.

Define oxidation and reduction in terms of tranfer of electrons.
[2 marks]
(b) Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas kimia antara logam W
dengan
larutan kuprum(II) nitrat.
The chemical equation below shows the reaction between metal W and
copper(II) nitrate
solution , Cu(NO3)2.

W(s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq) → Cu (s) + W(NO3)2(aq)

(i ) Cadangkan satu logam bagi W. [1 mark]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

Suggest a metal of W.

(ii) Nyatakan tiga maklumat yang boleh disimpulkan dari persamaan di atas yang
berkaitan dengan kedudukan logam W dan Z dalam siri elektrokimia.
State three information from the above equation which are related to the
position of metal W and copper, Cu in the electrochemical series of metal.

[3 marks]
(iii) Dengan merujuk pada tindak balas di atas, terangkan maksud tindak balas
redoks dari segi perubahan nombor pengoksidaan.
Based on the above equation, explain the redox reaction in term of the
change of oxidation number .

[4 marks]

(c)
Kedudukan karbon adalah di atas logam X dan di bawah logam Y dalam Siri Kereaktifan logam
The position of carbon is above metal X and below metal Y in the Reactivity Series of metal.

Anda dibekalkan dengan oksida logam X (XO), oksida logam Y (Y2O3), serbuk
karbon dan radas-radas yang diperlukan. Dengan bantuan gambarajah huraikan
eksperimen untuk mengesahkan kenyataan di atas adalah benar. Jawapan anda
mesti melibatkan segala pemerhatian dan persamaan tindakbalas yang
sewajarnya.
 Gambar rajah menunjukkan susunan radas
 Prosedur eksperimen
 Pemerhatian
 Persamaan kimia.

You are provided with oxide of metal X (XO), oxide of metal Y (Y2O3), carbon
powder and
apparatus needed. Describe an experiment to verify the above statement.
Your answer should consist of the following:
 Diagram showing the set up of apparatus
 Procedure of the experiment
 Observation
 Chemical equation.
[10 marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

4 The following are the chemical equations for reactions I, II and III.

Berikut adalah beberapa persamaan untuk tindak balas I, II dan III.

Reaction I : NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Tindak balas I:

Reaction II : Cu(s) + 2Ag +(aq)  Cu2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s)

Tindak balas II:

(a) Which of the equations are redox reactions? Explain why.

Antara persamaan berikut yang mana merupakan tindakbalas redoks? Jelaskan

mengapa.

[6 marks]

[6 markah

(b) Diagram 4 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to investigate electron
transfer at a distance.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji eksperimen pemindahan

elektron pada satu jarak.
G

Bromine water
Iron (II) sulphate
Air bromin
Ferum (II) sulfat
Sulphuric acid

Asid sulfurik

Diagram 4.1

Rajah 4.1

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

(i) Identify the oxidizing agent.

Kenal pasti agen pengoksidaan.

(ii) Write the half - equations and the observations for the reactions that occur at
the negative and positive terminals?

Tuliskan setengah persamaan dan pemerhatian yang berlaku bagi tindak

balas di terminal negatif dan di terminal positif
[5marks]

Describe a chemical test to confirm the product formed at the negative

terminal.

Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil yang terbentuk pada
terminal negatif. . [3
marks]

(d) Diagram 4.2 shows two types of cells.

Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan dua jenis sel.

Battery Voltmeter
Bateri V

Zinc plate

A B Plat zink C D
Copper plate Copper plate Copper plate
Plat kuprum Plat kuprum Plat kuprum
Copper(II) sulphate
solution

Cell I Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat Cell II

Sel I Sel II
Diagram 4.2

Rajah 4.2

Construct a table to show the differences between Cell I and Cell II in terms of
energy change, half-equations at the anode and the direction of electrons flow.

Bina satu jadual untuk membezakan antara Sel I dan Sel II dari segi perubahan
tenaga, setengah persamaan pada anod dan arah pengaliran elektron.

[6
marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

31