Solution

to EG1108 Tutorial 6

1. i. A voltage source VS is connected to a resistive load RL = 10 Ω by a transmission line

having a resistance Rline = 10 Ω, as shown in Figure Q1.1. Determine the power
delivered by the source, power lost in the line resistance, power delivered to the load
and the efficiency (expressed as the power delivered to the load as a percentage of
power supplied by the source).

Vs 100
I  5
R line + R L 10  10

2
Pline  I R line  52  10  250 W
PL
Power effeciency   50%
2 Pline + PL
PL  I R L  52  10  250 W

EG1108 PART 2 EXERCISES ~ PAGE 1 BEN M. CHEN, NUS ECE

 ii. This power transmission system is now modified to include two transformers. A
transformer of turns ratio 1:10 is used to step up the source voltage at one end of
the transmission line (sending end), and another transformer of turns ratio 10:1 is
used to step down the voltage to 100V at the load (receiving end) as shown in
Figure Q1.2. Calculate the power delivered by the source, power lost in the line
resistance, power delivered to the load and the efficiency in this case, and compare
with the values obtained in (i) above. What conclusions can you draw from this?

 1 
10:1=1:    1 : n
 10 

10  Vs 1000
I   0.99
R line + R equiv 10  1000

1000 V RL 10
R equiv = =  1000 
 
2
n2 1
10
2
Pline  I R line  0.992  10  9.8 W PL 980
effeciency    99%
2
PL  I R equiv  0.992  1000  980 W Pline + PL 9.8  980
EG1108 PART 2 EXERCISES ~ PAGE 2 BEN M. CHEN, NUS ECE
 2. A DC power supply consists of a transformer feeding a half‐wave rectifier together with a
capacitor filter. It supplies a DC current of 1A at 12V DC to an electronic equipment. The
AC input source is 230V (rms) at 50Hz. The output side filter capacitor used is 50000μF.
i. Draw the circuit diagram of the supply arrangement.
ii. Determine a suitable winding ratio for the transformer. Treat the operation of the
power supply as ideal (i.e., neglect voltage drop in the diode and assume that the
transformer is ideal).

V1  2300 V2 Vm  12

Vm 12 V2 8.5 1
V2  0  0  8.50 turn ratio     1 :27
2 2 V1 230 27

EG1108 PART 2 EXERCISES ~ PAGE 3 BEN M. CHEN, NUS ECE

 iii. What is the peak‐to‐peak ripple in the output voltage? What is the ripple
frequency? What is the percentage ripple?
iv. Sketch the following waveforms: AC input voltage, secondary AC voltage,
rectifier output voltage. Mark the interval when the diode conducts.

v1 230 2  325
ripple frequency = 50 Hz

IL T I T
C1 =  Vp‐p  L
Vp‐p C1 v2  12
1 1
 
50000  106 50
 0.4 V
vo
Vp‐p
% ripple =
Vm diode on on on
0.4 vo
 Vm
12
 3.33%
EG1108 PART 2 EXERCISES ~ PAGE 4 BEN M. CHEN, NUS ECE
 3. A full wave bridge rectifier, with a large smoothing capacitor is supplying power to a
10 Ω load resistance. The secondary voltage of the transformer supplying power the
rectifier is 8 V (rms) at 50 Hz. Assuming that the diodes are ideal, what is the
approximate value of filter capacitor required such that the peak‐to‐peak ripple is 5%
or less?

= 80

10  C

Vm  8 2  11.3137 Vp‐p  Vm  5%  0.5657

IL T I Vm 11.3137
C = = L    0.02 F
2Vp‐p 2f Vp‐p 2f Vp‐pR L 2  50  0.5657  10

EG1108 PART 2 EXERCISES ~ PAGE 5 BEN M. CHEN, NUS ECE

 4. The rectifier supply shown in Figure Q4 is used as part of an electronic circuit. The input
voltage is sinusoidal with a peak amplitude of 50V, and 10 kHz frequency. The transformer
primary to secondary ratio = 1:3. The load resistance is 10kΩ. Neglect diode conduction
voltage drops. Also, assume ideal operation of the transformer.
i. Determine the output DC voltage. What is the peak‐to‐peak ripple in the output
voltage? What is the percentage ripple?

VD2 peak of v1  3
Vm   75 V
1:3 2

= Vm sin( t ) 2Vm
Vave   47.77 V

R= 10kΩ
= Vm sin( t )

Vp‐p  Vm  0  75 V

Vp‐p 75
percentage ripple    157%
Vave 47.77

EG1108 PART 2 EXERCISES ~ PAGE 6 BEN M. CHEN, NUS ECE

 ii. Sketch waveforms for v1 , v2 , v3 , vYX , vo , io , i2 , i3 , vD2. Mark diode conduction intervals.
iii. What is the maximum reverse voltage applied across the diodes? When do they occur?

v1 50 V vD2 v2  vD2  vo  vD2  v2  vo

150 V
75 V i2 7.5 mA
v2 , v3  12

D2 On D2 On D2 On D2 Off D2 Off

vYX 75 V i3 7.5 mA

D3 On D3 On D3 On D3 Off D3 Off D3 Off

vo 75 V io 7.5 mA

EG1108 PART 2 EXERCISES ~ PAGE 7 BEN M. CHEN, NUS ECE

 5. Input Voltage
For the half‐ 2Vm
wave and
full‐wave
rectifier
circuits with
 Vm
capacitor
filtering that
we have Half‐wave Rectifier
studied,
comment
whether the
resulting
output
voltage will
be smooth Full‐wave Rectifier
DC if the
input voltage
is given in
the right…

EG1108 PART 2 EXERCISES ~ PAGE 8 BEN M. CHEN, NUS ECE