Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 10

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

Final Term Examination


Semester: Spring 2020
Section: E
Program: Bachelor of Business Administration
Course Code: GED103
Course Title: Bangladesh Studies
Submitted to:
Mr. Prof. Dr. Ataur Rahman
Submitted by:

MD SADIQUR RAHMAN TOKY


ID: 2020010000112
Part-A
Answer to the question number: 1

Introduction:
Bangladesh is a developing country which could not still developed yet like Singapore,
Malaysia, Sri-Lanka and other small countries like her. The reasons for still being
backwards is the social problems our country is still facing in this modern era. People are
still not aware or do not care to change the social problems to step forward throwing out
the social problems. More countries are changing on their own to build a better future for
them but Bangladesh is still in the old age social problems which will be discussed.

Social problems in Bangladesh:


According to the funding agency, Bangladesh is a problem of itself. Some points are
discussed below for social problems in Bangladesh.
Corruption:
Corruption in Bangladesh has been a continuing problem. According to all major ranking
institutions, Bangladesh routinely finds itself among the most corrupt countries in the
world. Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perception Index ranks the country
143rd place out of 180 countries. The public sectors conducted by the Government are
the most corrupted sectors of the country. Anti-Corruption Commission is formed in 2004,
but is considered to be largely ineffective in investigating and preventing corruption
because of governmental control over it. Corruption prevails in almost all the private and
public sector of Bangladesh. Now a day’s corruption is nothing unusual. It has become a
part and parcel of the daily life of the people of Bangladesh.

Dowry system are modernize:

Now a days the form of providing and receiving dowry is being modernized. Mostly
common in the rural area in Bangladesh. Dowry system is another curse. It has become
a blockage to overall socio-cultural development in Bangladesh. The Dowry system in
Bangladesh refers to the durable goods, cash, and real or movable property that the
bride's family gives to the bridegroom, his parents, or his relatives as a condition of the
marriage. Women in Bangladesh are great victims of dowry system in our society.

Bribery:

Whenever anyone goes for any sort of official works, he or she has to pay bribery for any
kind of works. It seems nothing is possible in Bangladesh. Corruption by sector. Bribery,
rent-seeking and inappropriate use of government funds, excessive lobbying, long time
delays in service performance, pilferage, irresponsible conduct from the government
officials, bureaucratic intemperance have made public sector departments the most
corrupt sectors of Bangladesh.

Illiteracy:

Literacy rate of our country is low. On a few percentage of people are well-educated and
hinders the socio-economic development like nothing other. Senior educationists have
blamed faulty planning, lack of financing and social stigma as challenges in
eliminating illiteracy while government officials attributed poverty for the situation. The
government statistics also show that there are differences in the literacy rates between
rural and urban areas. Illiteracy problem is the major social problem in Bangladesh.

Negative influence of Western Culture:

Through meshing/engaging with different culture is very much important. But our society
has been adopted the evil things from western cultures which has been creating blockage.
Nowadays mostly young generation or teenage children are blindly attracted and
following the evil things from the western culture and not educated to use the culture in a
good way so that they can’t get spoiled. The western culture influence is distracting and
destroying the youth where they are addicted in porn, nudity and drugs.

Backwards in attitude:

Often any one can find some bold/daring people to face such problems. Everyone just
commoners/joint about the worst condition. But barely any one to solve it. Bangladeshis
still don’t know to use a good attitude and while trying to show they show up a backward
attitude which is not acceptable in the society.

Child labor:

Child labor in Bangladesh is common, with 4.8 million or 12.6% of children aged 5 to 14
in the work force. Out of the child laborers engaged in the work force, 83% are employed
in rural areas and 17% are employed in urban areas. Child labor can be found in
agriculture, poultry breeding, fish processing, the garment sector and the leather industry,
as well as in shoe production. Children are involved in jute processing, the production of
candles, soap and furniture. They work in the salt industry, the production of asbestos,
bitumen, tiles and ship breaking. In 2006, Bangladesh passed a Labor Law setting the
minimum legal age for employment as 14.Nevertheless, the enforcement of such labor
laws is virtually impossible in Bangladesh because 93% of child laborers are employed in
the informal sector such as small factories and workshops, on the street, in home-based
businesses and domestic employment.

Arsenic:

The contamination of groundwater by arsenic in Bangladesh is one of the


largest poisoning of a population in the history. But at present the contamination has
affected 59 of the 64 districts in Bangladesh where arsenic levels have been found to be
above the nationally (50 ppb) accepted limit. Arsenic is another social problem in our
country especially in the rural areas. It is related to our health as a great hazard and
threats our safe life. We all know that the allowable rate of arsenic in drinking water is
0.05mg.

Unemployment:

Due to the opportunity or security of job, the unemployment rate of our country is very
high. And this rate is raising day by day. It is very tough for a country to develop its
economy by keeping idle the large portion of human resources. Some of the very common
causes of unemployment in Bangladesh and other developing economies are
the technological changes, contribution of women in labor force, demographic structure,
economic conditions, production of electricity (especially in Bangladesh), immigration
from rural area's towards towns and cities.

Housing problem:

In our country 60% people are land less due to various reason. This people have no
shelter and no living place. So new slum is growing in the city day by day. This slum living
people are the contributor of crime and new hazard in the society.

Gender inequality:

In our society male and female are not treated as alike or equal. Because people always
think women are only for household work and give birth the child. They are only for
household work and they need not to go out for economic activities or income earning
activities. So they are not getting their fundamental rights properly.

Lack of social security:

Woman are not always save everywhere in our country and their working place. Woman
empowerment is must for a countries development. But while government encourages
everyone for women empowerment the society still do not care and don’t assure safety
for women.

Population problem:

Bangladesh is an over populated country. 1800 people are living per square kilo miter.
So agriculture land is reducing every year. This over population creates so many social
problem like Trans port, education, corruption and so many others.

Environmental Problem:

Bangladesh is a coastal belt country. Every year natural disaster destroy crops and
animal and natural resources. It is a great problem for the country.
Child marriage:

It is the common phenomena in our country especially in the rural area. And for the reason
is girl child's security. So lack of awareness and poverty the village people give marriage
their girl child at an early age. This problem creates another family and health problem in
the country.

Conclusion:
There are so many problems in the Bangladesh society like: Lack of Education Woman
and Child trafficking/handling. Lack of cultural difference and devotion/ commitment. Air
pollution. High rate of Child and Maternal Mortality. Social Stigma/ Dishonor. So
Development expert, social researcher and development funding agencies are telling
Bangladesh its self is a great problem. If Bangladesh do not come out of these social
problems then the future of our country will be doomed.
Part- B

Answer to the question number: 4

Physical Features of Bangladesh:

The physical features of Bangladesh is described below with the exact points-

 The physiography of Bangladesh is characterized by two distinctive features:


 A broad deltaic plain subject to frequent flooding, and a small hilly region crossed
by swiftly flowing rivers. The country has an area of 144,000 square kilometers
and extends 820 kilometers north to south and 600 kilometers east to west.
 Bangladesh is bordered on the west, north, and east by a 2,400-kilometer land
frontier with India and, in the southeast, by a short land and water frontier (193 km)
with Burma (Myanmar).

On the south is a highly irregular deltaic coastline of about 600 kilometers, fissured/ split
by many rivers and streams flowing into the Bay of Bengal.

 The territorial / protective waters of Bangladesh extend 12 nautical miles / 1852


meters (about 1.15 miles), and the exclusive economic zone of the country is 200
nautical miles (370 km).
 Roughly 80 % of the landmass is made up of fertile alluvial lowland called the
Bangladesh Plain.
 The plain is part of the larger Plain of Bengal, which is sometimes called the Lower
Gangetic Plain / Indus-Ganga Plain.
 About 10,000 square kilometers of the total area of Bangladesh is covered with
water, and larger areas are routinely flooded during the monsoon season.
 The term coastal zone is a region where interaction of the sea and land processes
occurs.
Answer to the question number: 5

Since the beginning of the human civilization, people migrated from one place to another
place or country or kingdom or city for various reasons such s- political, personal,
business, study and etc. we are going to explain migration and the reason why people
migrates.

Migration:

Migration means the movement of people or animals from one country or region to
another. It refers to directed, regular or systematic movement of a group of objects,
organisms, people or animals.

Why people Migrate:

There are 2 factors why people migrate.

Push factors: Push factors are economic, political, and cultural and environmentally
based.

Push factors are some lacking in the country that one lives in and this factor influences
or compels people to migrate from that place. For example:

Not enough jobs, Few opportunities, Primitive/Basic conditions, Famine/drought, Political


fear/persecution, Poor medical care, Loss of wealth, Natural disasters, Death threats,
Slavery, Pollution, Poor housing etc.

Pull factors: Pull factors are economic, political, cultural and environmentally based.

Pull factors are some advantages or opportunities in a new location which attract people
to migrate there. For example:

Jobs opportunities, Better living conditions, Political and /or religious freedom, Enjoyment,
Education, Better medical care, Security,Family links, Industry, Better chances of finding
courtship.
Answer to the question number: 6

Bangladesh is a country where is social stratification is alive and still active. The social
stratification in Bangladesh is explained below-

Society in Bangladesh in the 1980s, with the exception of the Hindu caste system, was
not rigidly stratified. Rather, it was open, fluid /liquid, and diffused/wordy, without a
cohesive/ consistent social organization and social structure. Social class
distinctions/division were mostly functional, however, and there was considerable mobility
among classes. Even the structure of the Hindu caste system in Bangladesh was
relatively loose because most Hindus belonged to the lower castes.

Ostensibly/ apparently, egalitarian/ classless principles of Islam were the basis of social
organization. Although several hierarchically arranged groups—such as the Syeds (noble
born) and the sheikhs (also noble born)--were noticeable in Bangladesh Muslim society,
there were no impenetrable/ solid hereditary/ inherited social distinctions. Rather, fairly
permeable/enterable classes based on wealth and political influence existed both in the
cities and in the villages. Traditional Muslim class distinctions had little importance in
Bangladesh.

The proscription/ veto against marriage between individuals of high-born and low-born
families, once an indicator of the social gap between the two groups, had long ago
disappeared/ vanished; most matrimonial alliances were based on wealth and power and
not on the ties of family distinction. Also, many so-called upper-class families, because of
their traditional use of the Urdu language, had become alienated in independent
Bangladesh. Although Hindu society used to be formally stratified into caste categories,
caste did not figure prominently in the Bangladeshi Hindu community.

About 75 percent of the Hindus in Bangladesh belonged to the lower castes, notably
namasudras (lesser cultivators), and the remainder belonged primarily to outcaste or
untouchable groups. Some members of higher castes belonged to the middle or
professional class, but there was no Hindu upper class. With the increasing participation
of the Hindus in nontraditional professional mobility, the castes were able to interact in
wider political and socioeconomic arenas, which caused some erosion of caste
consciousness. Bangladeshi Hindus however have deteriorated in numbers from 22% in
1951 to about 9% in 2011 due to widespread oppression of the Muslim community and
the common suffering have added to the unification of the different castes.
Part- C

Answer to the question number: 7

a. In the 1980s, the status of women in Bangladesh remained considerably inferior


to that of men.

b. Greater autonomy was the privilege of the rich or the necessity of the very poor.

c. Lack of opportunities contributed to high fertility patterns, which diminished family


well-being, contributed to the malnourishment/ hunger and generally poor health
of children, and frustrated, educational and other national development goals. In
fact, acute/severe poverty at the margin appeared to be hitting hardest at women.
Most women’s lives remained centered on their traditional roles, and they had
limited access to markets, productive services, education, health care, and local
government. As long as women's access to health care, education, and
training remained limited, prospects for improved productivity among the female
population remained poor.
Answer to the question number: 8

Separation of Powers
The separation of powers is a representation for the governance of a state. Under this
model, a state's government is divided into branches, each with separate, independent
powers and responsibilities so the powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of
the other branches. The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an
executive, and a judiciary, which is the trias politica model. It can be contrasted with the
fusion in parliamentary and semi president systems, where the executive and legislative
branches overlap.
Separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of responsibilities into
distinct branches of government by limiting any one branch from exercising the core
functions of another. The intent of separation of powers is to prevent the concentration
of power by providing for checks and balances
The separation of powers model is often imprecisely and mitotically used
interchangeably with the trias politica principle. While the trias politica model is a
common type of separation, there are governments that have greater or fewer than
three branches.

Вам также может понравиться