21st Century Literature – Grade 12

Quarter 1 – Module 1: Introduction to Literature

I.
INTRODUCTION

This module serves as an interactive tool in exploring the real nature and
highlights of Literature. This material consists of activities, exercises, and brief lecture
notes that will start on the exploration of the nature of Literature as you reach the first
specific contexts of Bikol Literature. It is considered a significant tool in improving your
competencies and knowledge when it comes to the context of 21st Century Literature
as a whole.

II.
OBJECTIVES

General Objective: Discuss how different contexts enhance the text’s meaning and
enrich the reader’s understanding. (EN 12Lit-Ie-30)

Specific Objectives:

1. Identify the nature of Literature;

2. Distinguish the distinct characteristics of the two classifications of Literature;
3. Give samples of literary pieces under the two classifications of Literature;
4. Compare and contrast the two types of Literature;
5. List down literary texts/pieces under the two types of Literature;
6. Define the two branches of Literature;
7. Enumerate a number of literary texts under each of the branches of
Literature;
8. Distinguish the different literary devices used in enhancing a text’s meaning.

WARMING UP…

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I II.
VOCABULARY LIST

For your better understanding of the lesson, here is the list of words and their
meanings that are found significant in this module. Read and understand each
comprehensively.

Literary Texts
These are texts that are narrative, or tell a story, and contain elements of fiction.
Some good examples of literary texts include novels, short stories, and poetry.

Literary Devices
These are narrative techniques that add texture, energy, and excitement to the
narrative, grip the readers’ imagination, and convey information.

Nature
This refers to the basic inherent factors of something.

Universality
This refers to the quality of involving or being shared by all people or things in
the world or in a particular group.

IV.
PRE - TEST

LET’S THINK!

List down any word/s that (you think) are associated with the term “Literature”. Write
your answers in a ¼ sheet of paper.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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V. LOOK!
LEARNING ACTIVITIES

What are these? L _ _ _ r _ _ _ T _x t_

So, what is the main context/idea that comprises these pieces?

LITERATURE… then, what is Literature?

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 handed down to us from bard to bard

Literature is any oral or written record of man’s thoughts or ideas, aspirations,

imaginations, feelings or emotions, and experiences that has UNIVERSAL APPEAL
and has stood the test of time.

published texts
Literature remains.
Literature never dies.
Immortality of literary texts

Contextual points on the Nature of Literature:

We can never deny the fact that Literature has lots of definitions. With that, the
term Literature has no exact definition at all. Aside from clinging with the habit
of asking or telling its definition… we have the term nature of Literature.

It comprises of ORAL and WRITTEN record of man’s thoughts and ideas,

feelings and emotions, dreams and aspirations.

Oral Literature: these are the literary pieces from the past that were handed
down to us from bard to bard…from different mouths to different mouths…from
various generations to different generations. The pieces that were never
published but we still knew from our mind and hearts.
Examples: local sayings, myths, legends (those that were never published but
we knew through our ancestors)

Written Literature: simply speaking, there are the literary pieces that you knew
today through published texts or public posts online. These are the literary
pieces which are even studied at school

GETTING READY… 4
Learning Activity 1. Starter A

CLASSIFICATIONS OF LITERATURE

Examine the two images and define the

two classifications of Literature based
from your observation (previous
knowledge, etc.)

A. Literature of Knowledge:

______________________________
Give specific ______________________________ Give specific
______________________________
characteristics here: characteristics
B. Literature of Power:
here:
1.
______________________________ 1.
2. ______________________________
______________________________ 2.

3. 3.

NOTE: Copy the given diagram above, and write your answers in a ½ sheet of paper
(crosswise).

LET’S FIND OUT NOW!

Literature of Knowledge - appeals to man’s intellect. These are literary pieces

consisting of distinct characteristics such as:

a. factual
b. must be objective
c. Impartial
d. Uses simple and direct language

Examples: newspaper, dictionary, thesaurus

SELF REVIEW/POINTS FOR PARTICIPATION: Give three more examples under

Literature of Knowledge

1.
2.
3.

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 Literature of Power- appeals to man’s emotions or feelings. Its distinct
characteristics are:

a. It deals with Fiction

b. It is subjective
c. It is partial sometimes but not always
d. It makes use of Figurative or Indirect Language

Examples: Novels, folktales, Harry Potter series, Maze Runner series, etc.

SELF REVIEW/POINTS FOR PARTICIPATION: Give three more examples under

Literature of Power

1.
2.
3.

NOTE: For the mini-activities under POINTS FOR PARTICIPATION, write

down your answers in a 1/8 sheet of paper.

Learning Activity 2. Starter B (TYPES OF LITERATURE)

Compare and
contrast Literature
with Big letter “L”
with small letter “l”
based from the given
images.

LITERATURE WITH BIG LITERATURE WITH

LETTER “L” small letter “l”

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 Write your answers on the Venn Diagram given below:

NOTE: In a ½ sheet of paper (crosswise), copy the Venn Diagram given above and fill it out with the similarities
and differences of Literature with BIG letter “L” and Literature with small letter “l” based from the given
images.

LET’S FIND OUT!

LITERATURE WITH BIG LETTER “L”

scholars and writers around the world.

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 LITERATURE WITH small letter “l”

These are works that people can buy anywhere like airports, commercial
bookstores, etc. Specifically speaking, these are the novels that people can easily
forget after a hundred years.

KEY NOTES

Literature with Big letter “L” comprises of literary texts that people
study at school.

Literature with small letter “l” are works that people read if they want
to. IT’S NOT COMPULSORY. IT’S NOT NECESSARY.

GUESS WHAT?

BRANCHES OF LITERATURE

Clue #1: A product of an

excited imagination
expressed in VERSE. ULTIMATE CLUE:

A term applied to any

Clue #2: A composition other composition
in VERSE.
that is not in verse.
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 KEY NOTES

Poetry is a type of literature based on the interplay of words and rhythm,

It often employs rhyme and meter

Its words are strong together to form sounds, images, and ideas
that might be too complex or abstract to describe directly.

SELF REVIEW/ POINTS FOR PARTICIPATION: Research on different examples

of Poetry (Titles).

o Philippine Poetry
1.
2.

o Western Poetry
1.
2.

Prose is a form of written or spoken language that has no material structure.

It applies a natural flow of spoken and ordinary grammatical

structures, rather than rhythmic structures such as in the case of
traditional poetry.

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SELF REVIEW/ POINTS FOR PARTICIPATION: Research on different examples of
Prose (Titles) and add a brief description on each.

o Philippine Context
1.
2.
3.

o Western Context
1.
2.
3.

NOTE: For the mini-activities under POINTS FOR PARTICIPATION,

write down your answers in a 1/4 sheet of paper.

STILL GOOD? GET READY FOR YOUR NEXT ACTIVITY!

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3. Let us review the types and branches of Literature. Without
looking at the notes above, fill in the blanks below. Write your answers in ½ sheet of
paper (cross-wise).

1. Literature with Big Letter “L” consists of literary texts that are considered as
________________.
2. _________________ refers to any composition that is not in verse.
3. _________________ is a type of Literature that stood the test of time because
of its universality.
4. Poetry is _________________________________.
5. In contrast with Literature with Big letter “L”, literature with small letter “l” consists
of literary texts that are _____________________.

LITERARY
HOW DO WE ENHANCE A TEXT’S
ENGAGEMENT MEANING?

Here are the terms commonly used in fiction or prose, and sometimes in poetry. These are
what we called the Literary Devices:

1. Persona refers to the voice or mouthpiece of the writer within a literary text. The
narratee is the person addressed by the persona.
2. Point of View in literature is the mode of narration that an author employs to let the
readers hear and see what takes place in a literary text.
3. Tone refers to the attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. (Examples:
cheerful, gloomy, comical, depressed, etc.)
4. Epiphany is a term used in the modern short story, and refers to the protagonist’s
realization or insight in the course of a story.
5. Irony is a figure of speech used to signify an opposite meaning in literature.
Three Kinds of Irony:
a. Verbal Irony
b. Situational Irony
c. Dramatic Irony

OOPS!
Activities in this topic will be
given on your next module.
PLEASE PREPARE AND
STUDY WELL!
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 Hi! Please be guided
with the various rubrics
to be used in evaluating
your tasks. Turn to page
VI . 15-16 and check the
PRACTICE TASKS corresponding rubrics
for your activities.

PRACTICE TASK 1. LITERATURE: Outside the box

A. Research on different definitions of Literature online. Write at least

five (5) definitions that you have found in a ½ sheet of paper
(crosswise).
B. Write one statement on the nature of literature based from the five
definitions that you got on the internet. Write your answer in a ½
sheet of paper (crosswise) along with your activity in PRACTICE
TASK 1.A.

OPTIONAL ACTIVITY (To those who have no internet access):

Based from our lesson, write 3-5 sentences based on your own
nature of Literature. Write your answer in a ½ sheet of paper (crosswise).

PRACTICE TASK 2. CLASSIFICATIONS OF LITERATURE: Home vs Web

In an online site and your home, look for specific literary materials (texts) that could be
considered either Literature of Knowledge or Literature of Power. There should be five
samples in each box. Fill out the given table below in a one whole sheet of paper.

HOME ONLINE SITE

LITERATURE OF LITERATURE OF LITERATURE OF LITERATURE

KNOWLEDGE POWER KNOWLEDGE OF POWER

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 OPTIONAL PRACTICE TASK 2 (To those who have no internet access):
ORAL LITERATURE. Ask some of your old relatives (grandmother, aunt, etc..) regarding the
local sayings, beliefs, or legends or even literary pieces (that were never published) that they
know. Write your findings in a one whole sheet of paper.

PRACTICE TASK 3. ORAL LITERATURE

Research on the different local literary pieces from the past that were published and
still studied today (Legends, myths, sayings, folk songs, poetry, stories…) Give at
least five samples. Write your findings in a one whole sheet of paper.

Example:

o Juan Osong- a short story under Bikol Literature which is known as the Bikol
trickster, the “Bicol counterpart of the Tagalogs’ Juan Tamad.” While the Tagalogs
see Juan Tamad’s laziness (tamad), the Bikolnon is attracted to his cleverness
(osong). Juan Osong could well be the hero of a conquered people.
.

VII .
POST - TEST

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE.

Directions: Write N if the statement is correct. If the statement is incorrect, underline the word/s
which make/s the given item wrong. Write your answers in the space provided before each
number.
NOTE: Copy the given items below and provide its answers in a ½ sheet of paper
(crosswise).

_________1. Newspaper is a type of literature.

_________2. Literature stood the test of time because of its universality.
_________3. One of the three classifications of literature is Literature of Knowledge.
_________4. An atlas is one example of Literature of Power.
_________5. Florante at Laura is considered one of the universal texts in Philippine Literature.
_________6. In poetry, the one speaking in the lines of the poem is known as the persona.
_________7. Literature with Big letter “L” embraces the concept of universal
appeal/universality.
_________8. Poetry is a branch of literature which can be characterized with its ordinariness
of form and structure as well as strong resemblance to man’s pattern of everyday speech.
_________9. Literature with small letter “l” comprises of literary pieces that we can easily forget.
_________10. Literature mirrors and highlights significant human experiences.

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VIII.
ASSIGNMENT / ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

Hi again! Please turn

TO THOSE WHO HAVE GADGETS AND to page 16 and check
the corresponding
INTERNET ACCESS rubric for this section!
Enjoy!

Create your own definition of Literature and present it using an Online Photo Collage. Post it
online (Facebook account) along with your explanation on how it became a representation of
your own nature of Literature. The said photo collage must only consist of nine (9) photos taken
using your mobile device or actual camera, if you have one. Use #21stCenturyLiterature as your
hashtag.

TO THOSE WHO HAVE NO GADGETS

OR INTERNET ACCESS

Choose only ONE task among the two options given below:

A. Cut out pictures found inside your home and create a photo collage
representing your own definition of Literature. The said collage must also
consist of nine (9) photos only. Paste your output in a short-sized bond paper
along with your explanation on how it became a representation of your own
nature of Literature.

B. Create a mini poster presenting your own nature of Literature. Draw your output
in a short-sized bond paper.

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 MODULAR TASKS’ LIST OF RUBRICS

Practice Task 1-B and Optional Activity, page 12 (6 points)

CRITERIA 3 2 1 SCORE
The output has a The central The output had no
Content specific central idea is vague; central idea or
idea that is clearly somewhat supporting details.
stated in the piece directly and
itself. Appropriate non-
concrete details supportive to
support the central the topic.
idea and show
originality and
focus.
The output was The output The output had no
Quality written in a very was written in style or voice; no
satisfactory style an interesting new information
and voice; very style and and poorly
informative and voice; organized.
well-organized. somewhat
informative
and organized.
TOTAL:

PRACTICE TASK 2: Optional Activity, page 13 (20 points)

CRITERIA 10 5 1 SCORE
The output has a The central idea is The output had no
specific central idea vague; somewhat central idea or
Content that is clearly stated in directly and non- supporting details.
the piece itself. supportive to the
Appropriate concrete topic.
details support the
central idea and show
originality and focus.
The output was The output was The output had no
written in a very written in an style or voice; no
Quality satisfactory style and interesting style and new information and
voice; very voice; somewhat poorly organized.
informative and well- informative and
organized. organized.
Total:

Practice Task 3, page 13 (10 points)

CRITERIA 5 3 1 SCORE
The output has a specific The central idea is The output had no
central idea that is clearly vague; somewhat central idea or
Content stated in the piece itself. directly and non- supporting details.
Appropriate concrete

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 details support the central supportive to the
idea and show originality topic.
and focus.
The output was written in The output was The output had no
a very satisfactory style written in an style or voice; no
Quality and voice; very interesting style new information
informative and well- and voice; and poorly
organized. somewhat organized.
informative and
organized.
Total:

Assignment A and Optional Assignment A, page 14 (20 points)

Criteria 10 5 2 Score
Strong and effective concept. Ideas are not Weak
Idea is communicated well. fully connection to
Images thoroughly address communicated. the
the theme/topic or subject. Images theme/topic.
Concept/Content/Theme Thorough evidence of somewhat Unclear –
imagination, creativity and address the photos seem
thoughtfulness. theme/topic. random.
Some evidence Little to no
of evidence of
thoughtfulness. thought.
A very satisfactory collage of Good approach The photo
Creativity/Originality photos. Well organized and showing some collage
has a unified meaning. Had creativity but shows little to
an interesting, different, could have been no
effective, and unique planned, creativity.
approach to assignment. executed and Dull, lacks
enhanced to impact.
achieve a more
powerful image.
Total:

Criteria 10 5 2 Score
Strong and effective Ideas are not
concept. Idea is fully Weak
Visual communicated well. communicated. connection
Presentation/Content The poster thoroughly Images to the
addresses the somewhat theme/topic.
theme/topic or subject. address the Little to no
Thorough evidence of theme/topic. evidence of
imagination, creativity Some evidence thought.
and thoughtfulness. of
thoughtfulness.
Excellent work for a Good approach The poster
Creativity/Originality poster presentation. showing some presentation
Well organized and has creativity but shows little
a unified meaning. Had could have to no
an interesting, different, been planned, creativity.
effective, and unique executed and Dull, lacks
approach to enhanced to impact.
assignment. achieve a more
powerful image.
Total:

OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENT B, page 14 (20 points) 16

IX.
ANSWER KEY

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References

Books

Santos & Prado (2014). Juan Osong. Obras Maestras: A Manual for Teaching
Bikol Literature (pp.13-15). Naga City: Ateneo De Naga Research Office.

Santos & Prado (2016). Introduction to Fiction. Lipwas: 21st Century Literature (pp.
6-7). Naga City: Ateneo De Naga University Express.

Internet Resources

Cruz, I.R. (2012). FUSE 21-What is literature. Retrievedfrom www.youtube.com

Inchateideas (2013). Literature of knowledge and literature of power by Thomas de

Quincey [weblog]. Retrieved from
inchoateideas.tumblr.com/post/57219153936/literature-of-knowledge-and-
literature-of-power.

How to use information from non-literary texts. (2017). Retrieved from

literary-texts.html.

Literary devices: Definition & examples. (2015). Retrieved from

https://study.com/academy/lesson/literary-devices-definition- examples-
quiz.html.

Shutterstock, Reference books images, Free Royalty,www.shutterstock.com.

Charm Angel, Precious hearts romances-2958: Love contract, Free Royalty,

www.pinoypocketbooks.blogspot.com.

YA Book Queen, Top ten favorite YA contemporary novels, Free Royalty,

www.yabookqueen.blogspot.com.

CSEASUCB, Noli me tangere images, Free Royalty,www.pinterest.ph.

Benz Jefferson Utlang, El Filibusterismo images, Free Royalty,www.pinterest.ph.

Florante at Laura, Free Royalty, www. alchetron.com.

Twilight: The twilight saga, Book 1, Free Royalty,www.commonsensemedia.com.

Harlequin, Cowboy’s rescue, Free Royalty,www.bookpages.harlequin.com

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Escape into Fiction, Always and forever, Lara Jean, Free Royalty,
www.escapefromfiction.com

BookRix, Betrayed by a vampire, Free Royalty,www.bookrix.com

Shutterstock, Puzzlepix, Free Royalty,www.shutterstock.com

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