Spss (Statistical Package For Social Studies)

SPSS
(Statistical Package for Social Studies)
General Experiment
(CREATING A DATA FILE)
AIM:
To practice entering the data in SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Go to All programs SPSS SPSS statistics and click to open SPSS main
window.
Step 2: Go to File  Open  Data to open the data sheet.
Step 3: It will ask for the destination to store the file. Select the destination folder
in the computer and name the document and click on save to save the statistics
document file.
Step 4: Go to variable screen from the bottom toolbar of the sheet.
Step 5: Type the Variable Name, Type, Width, Decimal Points required and
other required information to create the variable.
Step 6: Use the same procedure for creates the required data variables.
Step 7: Go to data view table and type the data on the variable in the sheet.
DATA IN VARIABLE VIEW:

DATA IN DATA VIEW:
RESULT:
Data have been stored in the table.
Ex No: 1 a DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS - FREQUENCIES
AIM:
To find Frequency analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data given in general experiment.
Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu.
Step 3: Now click Descriptive Statistics Frequencies from the Analyze sub –
menu.
Step 4: Select the Variable1 from frequency table and take it to the Variable(s)
list box by clicking  button.
Step 5: Keeping all other options unchanged, click OK to execute command.
Step 6: The output will be published in a new window.
OUTPUT:
FREQUENCIES
Statistics
gender
N Valid 10
Missing 0
gender
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid male 5 50.0 50.0 50.0
female 5 50.0 50.0 100.0
Total 10 100.0 100.0
RESULT:
Descriptive Statistics (Frequencies) is conducted and the result is identified.
Ex No: 1b DESCRIPTIVES
AIM:
To find Descriptive analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 2: Click Analyze  Descriptive Statistics Descriptives.
Step 3: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select Variable and move them into the
Variable(s) list box by clicking  button.
Step 4: Click the Options button to get the dialogue box.
Step 5: Select the desired statistics by clicking the appropriate check boxes.
Minimum, Maximum, Mean and Standard Deviation are selected by default.
Here, we shall keep the default selection of statistics.
Step 6: Keeping default value for Display Order click the Continue button to go
back to the previous dialogue box  click the OK button to execute the command.
Step 7: Following output shall be displayed in the Output Viewer Window.
OUTPUT:
DESCRIPTIVES
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
education 10 1 5 3.00 1.491
Valid N (listwise) 10
RESULT:
Descriptive Statistics table is displayed and the result is identified.
Ex No: 1c CROSSTABS
AIM:
To make Crosstabs analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 2: Click Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Crosstabs
Step 3: Select Variable1 and move it to the Rows list box and select Variable2
and move it to the Columns list box.
Step 4: Click the Cells button to get the dialogue box.
Step 5: This allows you to add additional values to your table. Click the check box
to select Observed, Expected in the Counts frame; and the Row, Column and
Total in the Percentage frame.
Step 6: Click the Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and
then click the OK button to execute the command.
Step 7: Following output shall be displayed in the Output Viewer Window
OUTPUT:
CROSSTABS
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
age * gender 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%
age * gender Crosstabulation

gender
male female Total
age 25 Count 1 0 1
Expected Count .5 .5 1.0
% within age 100.0% .0% 100.0%
% within gender 20.0% .0% 10.0%
% of Total 10.0% .0% 10.0%
26 Count 0 1 1
% within age .0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within gender .0% 20.0% 10.0%
% of Total .0% 10.0% 10.0%
28 Count 1 0 1
% within age 100.0% .0% 100.0%
% within gender 20.0% .0% 10.0%
% of Total 10.0% .0% 10.0%
32 Count 0 1 1
% within age .0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within gender .0% 20.0% 10.0%
% of Total .0% 10.0% 10.0%
41 Count 1 0 1
% within age 100.0% .0% 100.0%
% within gender 20.0% .0% 10.0%
% of Total 10.0% .0% 10.0%
45 Count 1 0 1
% within age 100.0% .0% 100.0%

% within gender 20.0% .0% 10.0%
% of Total 10.0% .0% 10.0%
49 Count 1 0 1
% within age 100.0% .0% 100.0%
% within gender 20.0% .0% 10.0%
% of Total 10.0% .0% 10.0%
51 Count 0 1 1
% within age .0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within gender .0% 20.0% 10.0%
% of Total .0% 10.0% 10.0%
53 Count 0 1 1
% within age .0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within gender .0% 20.0% 10.0%
% of Total .0% 10.0% 10.0%
62 Count 0 1 1
% within age .0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within gender .0% 20.0% 10.0%
% of Total .0% 10.0% 10.0%
Total Count 5 5 10
Expected Count 5.0 5.0 10.0
% within age 50.0% 50.0% 100.0%
% within gender 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 50.0% 50.0% 100.0%

RESULT:
The output will display Crosstabs followed by two tables – Case Processing
Summary and Variable1 * Variable2 Cross-tabulation and the result is
identified.
Ex No: 2a HYPOTHESIS – PARAMETRIC - ONE SAMPLE T-TEST
When sample is less than 30 and population standard deviation is not known, t-
distribution is used instead if standard normal distribution. The dataset for our
example of bulb life as claimed by the manufacturer is shown in the following
table: (H0: µ = 2857 & H1: µ ≠ 2857)
Users Bulb life Users Bulb life

10 2500 15 3020
11 3000 16 2740
12 3200 17 2621
13 2750 18 2998
14 2882 19 2857
AIM:
To make One Sample t – Test analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Enter data given in the table above in the data editor and save it as
bulblife.sav.

Step 3: Now click Compare MeansOne–Sample t–Test from the Analyze sub –
menu. A dialogue box appears;
Step 4: Select the variable Bulb-Life (in hours) and move it in the Test
Variable(s) box by clicking  button.
Step 5: Type the hypothesized population mean value (in our example,2857) in the
Test Value box.
Step 6: Click OK button to execute command.
Step 7: The output will be published in a new window.
DATA IN DATA VIEW:
OUTPUT
RESULT:
T-Test followed by two tables – One Sample Statistics and One Sample Test
and the result is identified.
Ex No. 2b INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T-TEST
AIM:
To make Independent Sample t – Test analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data.
Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu
Step 3: Now click Compare MeansIndependent Sample t–Test from the

Analyze sub – menu to get the dialogue box;
Step 4: Select the Variable and move it in the Test Variable(s) box by clicking 
button.
Step 5: Click Define Groups assign code 0 to Group1 and 1 to Group 2and
click Continue button to return to previous dialogue box.
Step 6: Click the Options button to select the Confidence Interval. The dialogue
box will appear;
Step 7: Since the chosen value of α is 0.05, we keep the value of Confidence
Interval of 95%.
Step 8: Click Continue and the OK button to execute the command.
Step 9: The output will appear in the output viewer window.

DATA IN DATA VIEW:
OUTPUT:
T-Test
Group Statistics
sex N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
gpa male 5 7.3380 1.48146 .66253
female 5 7.3280 .91527 .40932
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for

Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error
F Sig. t df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper
gpa Equal variances

1.678 .231 .013 8 .990 .01000 .77877 -1.78585 1.80585
assumed
Equal variances
.013 6.665 .990 .01000 .77877 -1.85042 1.87042
not assumed
RESULT:
T-Test followed by two tables – Group Statistics and Independent Sample Test
and the result is identified.
Ex No: 2c PAIRED SAMPLE T-TEST

AIM:
To make Paired Sample t – Test analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 3: Now click Compare MeansPaired Sample t–Test from the Analyze sub
– menu to get the dialogue box;
Step 4: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select two variables and shift them to
Paired Variable(s) list box by clicking  button in the centre.
Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.
Step 6: Keeping the default value of Confidence Interval Percentage click

Continue button to go to the previous dialogue box  and then click OK to execute
command.
Step 7: The output will appear in the output viewer window.

DATA IN DATA VIEW:
OUTPUT:
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1 Before 67.40 10 11.207 3.544
After 61.90 10 12.414 3.926

Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 Before & After 10 .972 .000
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence Interval of

the Difference
Std. Error
Mean Std. Deviation Mean Lower Upper t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Pair 1 Before -
5.500 3.028 .957 3.334 7.666 5.745 9 .000
After
RESULT:
The output displays three tables – Paired Samples Statistics, Paired Samples
Correlations and Paired Sample Test under the title t-Test and the result is
identified.
Ex No: 2d ONE-WAY ANOVA

AIM:
To make One-Way ANOVA analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 3: Now click Compare MeansOne-Way ANOVA from the Compare

Means menu to get the dialogue box;
Step 4: Select and bring the variable1 to the Dependent List box and Select
variable2and bring it to the Factor Text box by clicking  button in the centre.
Step 6: Select Descriptive, Homogeneity of variance test and Means plot click
Continue button to go to the previous dialogue box  and then click OK to execute
command.
Step 7: In the output viewer window, table for the descriptive and ANOVA will be
displayed

DATA IN DATA VIEW:
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
The output displays three tables – Descriptive, Test of Homogeneity of

Variances and ANOVA- under the title One-way, and one graph under the title
Means Plot and the result is identified.
Ex No: 3a HYPOTHESIS – NON-PARAMETRIC-RUNS TEST
AIM:
To make Runs Test analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the following data
Step 3: Now click Non-parametric  Runs to get the dialogue box;
Step 4: Select Variable and move it to Test Variable List box by clicking 
button.
Step 6: Select the desired statistics by clicking the appropriate check boxes
Descriptive and Quartiles Check boxes. Here, we shall keep the default selection
of statistics.
Step 7: Click Continue button to go to the previous dialogue box  and then click
OK to execute command.
Step 7: The output will be displayed in the output viewer window.

DATA IN DATA VIEW:

OUTPUT:
NPar Tests
Percentiles
Std. 50th
N Mean Deviation Minimum Maximum 25th (Median) 75th
Sequence 38 1.58 .500 1 2 1.00 2.00 2.00
Runs Test
Sequence
Test Valuea 2
Cases < Test Value 16
Cases >= Test Value 22
Total Cases 38
Number of Runs 18
Z -.346
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .729
a. Median
RESULT:
The output displays two tables – Descriptive Statistics and Runs Test are
displayed under the heading NPar Tests and the result is identified.
Ex No: 3b CHI – SQUARE TEST
AIM:
To make Chi – Square Test analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 3: Click Descriptive StatisticsCrosstabs to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Select Variable1 and move it to the Rows list box and select Variable2
and move it to the Columns list box.
Step 5: Click Statistics button to get the dialogue box.
Step 6: This allows you to add additional values to your table. Click the check box
to select Chi-Square  click Continue to return to the previous dialogue box.
Step 7: Keeping all other options unchanged, click OK button to execute the
command.
Step 8: The output will be appear in output viewer window.

DATA IN DATA VIEW:
OUTPUT:
CROSSTABS
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Fruits * Count 20 100.0% 0 .0% 20 100.0%

Fruits * Count Crosstabulation
Count
Count
1 2 3 Total
Fruits Apple 1 2 3 6
Banana 2 1 0 3
Mango 1 2 3 6
Orange 1 3 1 5
Total 5 8 7 20
Chi-Square Tests
Asymp. Sig. (2-

Value df sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 5.276a 6 .509
Likelihood Ratio 5.626 6 .466
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 12 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is .75.
RESULT:
Three tables – Case Processing Summary and Variable1 * Variable2 Cross-
tabulation and Chi-Square Tests– are generated under the heading Crosstabs on
executing the command for Chi-square test and the result is identified.
Ex No: 3c MANN-WHITNEY U TEST
AIM:
To make Mann-Whitney U Test analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 3: Click Nonparametric2 Independent Samples to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Select Variable and move it to Test Variable List box by clicking 
button.
Step 5: Click Define Groups assign code 0 to Group1 and 1 to Group 2and
click Continue button to return to previous dialogue box.
Step 7: Select Descriptive and Quartiles options in Statistics frame by clicking
them.
Step 8: Click Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and keeping
all other options unchanged.
Step 9: Click OK to execute the command.

DATA IN DATA VIEW:
OUTPUT:
NPar Tests
Percentiles
N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum 25th 50th (Median) 75th
Cholestral 34 45.50 18.523 10 90 33.50 45.00 55.25
Group 34 1.50 .508 1 2 1.00 1.50 2.00
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Group N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Cholestral Diet 17 16.09 273.50
Exercise 17 18.91 321.50
Total 34
Test Statisticsb
Cholestral
Mann-Whitney U 120.500
Wilcoxon W 273.500
Z -.827
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] .413a
a. Not corrected for ties.
b. Grouping Variable: Group
RESULT:
Under the title – Npar Test, a table – Descriptive Statistics are displayed. Just
below this table, two more tables – Ranks and Test Statistics are displayed under
the heading Mann-Whitney Test and the result is identified.
Ex No: 3d WILCOXON SIGNED RANK TEST
AIM:
To make Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:

Step 3: Click Nonparametric2 Related Samples to get the dialogue box.
Step 4: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select two variables and shift them to
Test Pairs list box by clicking  button in the centre.

Step 7: Select Descriptive and Quartiles by clicking on respective check boxes.
DATA IN DATA VIEW:

OUTPUT:
NPar Tests
Percentiles
Before 25 6.56 2.583 1 10 5.00 7.00 9.00
After 25 5.32 2.155 1 9 3.50 6.00 7.00
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

Ranks
N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
After - Before Negative Ranks 17a 9.76 166.00
Positive Ranks 1b 5.00 5.00
Ties 7c
Total 25
a. After < Before
b. After > Before
c. After = Before
Test Statisticsb
After - Before
Z -3.572a
a. Based on positive ranks.
b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
RESULT:
Descriptive Statistics table is displayed under the heading Npar Tests and two
more tables – Ranks and Test Statistics are displayed under the heading
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and the result is identified.
Ex No: 3e KRUSKAL - WALLIS TEST

AIM:
To make Kruskal - Wallis Test analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 3: Click NonparametricK Independent Samples to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Select the Variable1 and move it in the Test Variable(s) and Variable2 in
the Grouping Variable box by clicking  button.
Step 5: Click Define Rangetype in 1 in Minimum and 3 in Maximum and click

Continue button to return to previous dialogue box.

Step 7: Select Descriptive and Quartiles by clicking on respective check boxes.
DATA IN DATA VIEW:

OUTPUT:
NPar Tests
Percentiles
ExamPerformanc
40 61.00 23.928 10 100 43.00 65.00 77.75
e
TestLevel 40 1.88 .686 1 3 1.00 2.00 2.00
Kruskal-Wallis Test
Ranks
TestLevel N Mean Rank
ExamPerformance Low 12 6.50
Medium 21 23.00
High 7 37.00
Total 40
Test Statisticsa,b
ExamPerformanc
e
Chi-Square 32.154
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .000
a. Kruskal Wallis Test
b. Grouping Variable: TestLevel
RESULT:
Descriptive Statistics table is displayed under the heading Npar Tests and two
more tables – Ranks and Test Statistics are displayed under the heading Kruskal-
Wallis Test and the result is identified.
Ex No: 4a CORRELATION
AIM:
To make correlation analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 3: Click CorrelateBivariate to get the dialogue box.
Step 4: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select two or more variables and move
these variables to the Variables box by clicking  button in the centre.
Step 6: To find out Means and standard deviations for each of the selected
variables, select appropriate check boxes in the Statistics frame.

DATA IN DATA VIEW:
OUTPUT:
CORRELATIONS
Mean Std. Deviation N
Xvalue 11.67 5.502 6
Yvalue 18.33 1.751 6

Correlations
Xvalue Yvalue
Xvalue Pearson Correlation 1.000 .616
Sig. (2-tailed) .193
N 6.000 6
Yvalue Pearson Correlation .616 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .193
N 6 6.000
RESULT:
Under the major heading – Correlations, a table titled Correlations is displayed
and the result where identified.
Ex No: 4b REGRESSION
AIM:
To make Multiple Regression analysis using SPSS.
PROCEDURE:
Step 3: Click RegressionLinear to get the dialogue box.
Step 4: Select Variable1 and move it to Dependent text box and holding Shift
Key (or) Ctrl Key to select two or more Variables and bring these variables to the
Independent(s) list box by clicking  button in the centre.
Step 5: Keeping other options unchanged  click OK button to execute command.

DATA IN DATA VIEW:
OUTPUT:
Regression
Variables Entered/Removedb
Variables
Model Variables Entered Removed Method
1 Incomea . Enter
a. All requested variables entered.
b. Dependent Variable: Price

Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the

Model R R Square Square Estimate
1 .257a .066 -.051 2149.944
a. Predictors: (Constant), Income
ANOVAb
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 2621924.122 1 2621924.122 .567 .473a
Residual 3.698E7 8 4622259.485
Total 3.960E7 9
a. Predictors: (Constant), Income
b. Dependent Variable: Price
Coefficientsa
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 3768.349 2653.336 1.420 .193
Income .056 .074 .257 .753 .473
a. Dependent Variable: Price

RESULT:
Under the title Regression, four tables – Variables Entered and Removed,
Model Summary, ANOVA and Coefficients – will be displayed and the result
where identified.
Ex No: 5 FORECASTING
Calculates, or predicts, a future value by using existing values. The predicted value
is a y-value for a given x-value. The known values are existing x-values and y-
values, and the new value is predicted by using linear regression. You can use this
function to predict future sales, inventory requirements, or consumer trends.
The example dataset is shown in the following table;
A B
Known Y Known X
1
2 6 20
3 7 28
4 9 31
5 15 38
6 21 40
7 ? 30
Syntax:
FORECAST(x, known_y's, known_x's)
* The FORECAST function syntax has the following arguments:
 X Required. The data point for which you want to predict a value.
 Known_y'sRequired. The dependent array or range of data.
 Known_x'sRequired. The independent array or range of data.
AIM:
To describes the formula syntax and usage of the FORECAST function in

Microsoft Excel.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Click Start  All Programs  Microsoft Office  Microsoft Office Excel 
Spreadsheet will appear on your screen.
Step 2: Enter data given in the table above in the spreadsheet.
Step3: Type the predict value of known x in B7th Cell as “30”
Step 4: Type the FORECAST formula in A6th Cell as “=FORECAST (B7,

A2:A6, B2:B6)” press ENTER.
Step 5: The Predicts a value for y given an x value of 30 is shown in A7th Cell.
Output:
RESULT:
We get the predict value of known y using forecast analysis for the value 30.
Ex No: 6 REVENUE MANAGEMENT
LINEAR PROGRAMING MINIMIZING AND MAXIMIZING
AIM:
To obtain feasible solution through linear programming using TORA.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select all programs TORA in windows.
Step 2: Press click here to enter in the TORA windows.
Step 3: Select linear programming in the main menu.
Step 4: Select enter new problem in the input mode and go to input screen.
Step 5: Enter problem title, no of vacancies and constraints value in the input grid.
Step 6: Enter the variables and constraints value in the input grid.
Step 7: Then click solve menu the dialog box appears.
Step 8: Click solve problem Algebraic Final solution.
Step 9: Then click go to output screen, the output summary displayed on the
screen.
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
We get the output for linear programming.

Ex No: 7a TRANSPORTATION &ASSIGNMENT
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM
AIM:
To obtain optimum transportation cost using TORA.
PROCEDURE:
Step 2: Press click here to enter in the TORA window.
Step 3: Select transportation problem in the main menu.
Step 4: Enter the problem title, no of sources and no of destinations.
Step 5: Enter the sources and destination names and demand and supply in the
input grid.
Step 6: Then click solve menu the dialog box appears.
Step 7: Click solve problem Iterations North West corner starting

solution or solve problem Final solution.
Step 8: The solution displays in the output summary.

OUTPUT:
RESULT:
We get the output for transportation problem.

Ex No: 7b ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
AIM:
To obtain optimal assignment using TORA.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select all programs TORA in window.
Step 2: Press click here to enter in the TORA screen.
Step 3: Click main menu and choose transportation problem.
Step 4: Enter the problem title, no of sources and no of destinations.
Step 5: Enter the values in the input grid.
Step 6: Click solve menu the dialog box.
Step 7: Choose solve problem Final solution the output displays on the output
summary.
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
We get the output display for assignment problem using TORA window.
Ex No: 8 NETWORKING MODELS
AIM:
To determine the critical path for the projects using TORA.
PROCEDURE:
Step 3: Choose project planning CPM (critical path method) in main menu.
Step 4: Enter the problem title and enter the values in the input grid.
Step 5: Click solve menu, dialog box appears.
Step 6: Choose solve problem and then click go to output screen.
Step7: Select output option in project planning CPM window chooses CPM bar
chart.
Step 8: The output will be displayed in the critical path method schedule.
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
We get the output for CPM using TORA window.

Ex No: 9 QUEUING MODELS
AIM:
To solve the queuing problem using TORA window.
PROCEDURE:
Step 3: Choose queuing models in main menu.
Step 4: Enter the problem title, enter the no of scenarios and enter the input grid.
Step 5: Click solve menu, dialog box appears.
Step 6: Select scenario 1 option in the select output option menu.
Step 7: The output screen for the problem is displayed on the screen.
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
We get the output for queuing model using TORA window.
Ex No: 10 INVENTORY MODELS

AIM:
To calculate the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) using EXCEL.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Click Start  All Programs  Microsoft Office  Microsoft Office Excel 
Spreadsheet will appear on your screen.
Step 2: Enter data given in the table above in the spreadsheet.
Step3: To find EOQ using the formula EOQ = sqrt (2*D*O/h*p).
Step 4: Type the above formula in A5 cell.
Step 5: The solution of EOQ will be displayed in A5 cell.
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
We get the EOQ for the given problem using EXCEL.

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(Statistical Package for Social Studies)

DATA IN VARIABLE VIEW:

Valid male 5 50.0 50.0 50.0

female 5 50.0 50.0 100.0

Total 10 100.0 100.0

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

education 10 1 5 3.00 1.491

Case Processing Summary

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

age * gender 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%

age * gender Crosstabulation

male female Total

Expected Count .5 .5 1.0

% within age 100.0% .0% 100.0%

% within gender 20.0% .0% 10.0%

% of Total 10.0% .0% 10.0%

Expected Count .5 .5 1.0

% within age .0% 100.0% 100.0%

% within gender .0% 20.0% 10.0%

% of Total .0% 10.0% 10.0%

Expected Count .5 .5 1.0

% within age 100.0% .0% 100.0%

% within gender 20.0% .0% 10.0%

% of Total 10.0% .0% 10.0%

Expected Count .5 .5 1.0

% within age .0% 100.0% 100.0%

% within gender .0% 20.0% 10.0%

% of Total .0% 10.0% 10.0%

Expected Count .5 .5 1.0

% within age 100.0% .0% 100.0%

% within gender 20.0% .0% 10.0%

% of Total 10.0% .0% 10.0%

Expected Count .5 .5 1.0

% within age 100.0% .0% 100.0%

% of Total 10.0% .0% 10.0%

Expected Count .5 .5 1.0

% within age 100.0% .0% 100.0%

% within gender 20.0% .0% 10.0%

% of Total 10.0% .0% 10.0%

Expected Count .5 .5 1.0

% within age .0% 100.0% 100.0%

% within gender .0% 20.0% 10.0%

% of Total .0% 10.0% 10.0%

Expected Count .5 .5 1.0

% within age .0% 100.0% 100.0%

% within gender .0% 20.0% 10.0%

% of Total .0% 10.0% 10.0%

Expected Count .5 .5 1.0

% within age .0% 100.0% 100.0%

% within gender .0% 20.0% 10.0%

% of Total .0% 10.0% 10.0%

Expected Count 5.0 5.0 10.0

% within age 50.0% 50.0% 100.0%

% within gender 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

% of Total 50.0% 50.0% 100.0%

Users Bulb life Users Bulb life

To make One Sample t – Test analysis using SPSS.

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu.

DATA IN DATA VIEW:

To make Independent Sample t – Test analysis using SPSS.

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data.