NPTEL MOOC on “Principles of Modern CDMA/ MIMO/ OFDM Wireless Communications”

[NOC15 EC05]

Aditya Jagannatham
Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
adityaj@iitk.ac.in

Solutions to Assignment #3

1. The gain g at the output of the maximal ratio combiner in a multiple antenna wireless system with independent identically
distributed Rayleigh fading coefficients is distributed as a Chi-squared random variable. Hence, Ans c
2. The BER can be obtainsed as follows

Given SNR dB = 35 => SNR = 103.5 = 3162.2776

λ = sqrt(SNR/(2+SNR)) = 0.9997

BER = ((1- λ)/2)2 X (2+ λ) = 7.5 X 10-8

Ans c
3. The approximate BER at high SNR in a wireless system with L antennas and maximum ratio combining is 2L-1CL X 1/(2SNR)L.
Hence, Ans a
4. The required BER can be calculated as follows. SNR dB = 30 dB => SNR = 10^3. Approximate BER with L = 3 is 5C3 X
1/(2SNR)3 = 5/(4XSNR3) = 1.25 X 10-9. Ans c
5. The BER for high SNR in a system with L = 4 antennas is 7C4 X 1/(2SNR)L = 35/16 X 1/SNR4. Ans b
6. The required BER can be calculated as follows. For L = 3, we have, BER = 5/(4XSNR3) = 10-12. Therefore, SNR = (5/4 X
12 1/3
10 ) = 40.3 dB. Ans b
7. The required SNR can be calculated as follows. For AWGN channel, BER = ½ X exp(-SNR/2) =10-12. Therefore, SNR = -2 X
ln(2 X 10-12) = 17.3 dB. Ans d
8. From 6, 7 above, the dB difference in SNR required to achieve BER = 10-12 in wireless system with L = 3 antennas and AWGN
channel is 40.3-17.3 dB = 23 dB. Ans a
9. As stated in lectures, deep fade occurs when g = || h||2 < 1/SNR. Ans c
10. As derived in the lectures, the probability of deep fade in a L antenna wireless communication system is proportional to 1/SNRL.
Ans b
11. The decrease in BER in a multiple antenna system can be attributed to Decrease in probability of deep fade. Ans d.
12. As stated in lecture, for a multiple antenna system to be in a deep fade, all the links have to be in deep fade. Ans c
13. As explained in the lecture, for a wireless system with independent fading coefficients across the antennas, the probability of
deep fade is equal to the product of the probabilities of the individual fade events. Ans a.
14. As stated in lecture, for the channel coefficients to fade independently, the antennas must be placed sufficiently far apart. Ans b
15. As described in the lectures, for independent fading, minimum distance of separation between antennas is d = λ/2 where λ is the
wavelength of the signal. Ans d
16. For a wireless system with frequency = 2 GHz, for independent fading, the minimum separation between antennas is λ/2 =
c/(2f) = 3 X 108/(2 X 2 X 109) = 0.075 m = 7.5 cm. Ans c
17. As explained in the lectures, the diversity order characterizes the degree of diversity of the wireless system. Ans b
18. The diversity order of a Rayleigh fading wireless channel with single transmit and receive antennas is 1. Ans b
19. The diversity order of a L antenna wireless communication system with independent fading coefficients is L. Ans a.
20. The diversity order of the conventional AWGN channel based wireline system is . Ans d