Subject: Technical Drawing 8 Name: _________________________________

Unit of Competency: Architectural Layout Section: ________________________________

Module Title: Draft Roof Plans Date: __________________________________
Learning Outcome #4.5: Drafting a Roof Plan Score: _________________________________
Information Sheet No. 4.5

TECHNICAL TERMS:
Angle- iron is a structural piece of rolled steel shaped to form a 900
angle.
Butterfly roof- is a roof with two sides sloping down toward the
interior of the house.
Dome- is a hemispherical roof form.
Dormer- is a structure projecting from a sloping roof to accommodate
a window.
Eave- is a part of a roof that projects over a wall.
Fascia- is a surface finish material used to cover another surface.
Flashing- is the material used for covering exposed places outside
the building like firewalls.
Flat roof- is a roof with a minimum pitch for drainage.
Gable- is the triangular end of an exterior wall above the eaves.
Gable roof- is a roof that slopes from two sides only.
Galvanize- is a lead and zinc bath treatment to prevent rusting.
Gambrel roof- is a symmetrical roof with two different pitches or
slopes on each side.
Hip rafter- is the diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the
ridge to form the hip.
Hip roof- is a roof with four sloping sides.
Mansard roof- is a roof with two slopes on each sides with the lower
slope much steeper than the upper.
Overhang- is the horizontal distance that a roof projects beyond a
wall.
Pitch- is the angle between the top plate and the ridge board. It is
also referred to as the rise over the run.
Purlin- is a horizontal structure member which hold rafters together.
Rafters- are structural members used to frame a roof.
Ridge- is the top edge of the roof where rafters meet.
Ridge cap- is a wood or metal cap used for roofing at the ridge.
Rise- is the vertical height of a roof.
Roll roofing- is a material of fiber and asphalt manufactured in rolls.
Shed roof- is a flat roof slanting in one direction.
Shingles- are thin pieces of wood or other materials that overlap
each other in covering a roof.
Truss- is a prefabricated triangular shaped unit used for supporting
roof loads over long spans.
Valley- is the internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof.
Valley rafter- is the diagonal rafter forming the intersection of two
sloping roofs

Roof - It is the external upper covering of a house or building. It shows the

size, shape and the type of materials that should be used in the roofing
system.

Basic types of roofs:

There are different types of roofing system that are commonly used in the
building construction. The following are:

 Gable – most common, built with “common” rafters

 Hip – provides overhang on all four sides
 Gambrel – provides more space on the second floor
 Mansard – combination of Hip and Gambrel
 Shed – frequently used to attach one structure to another

Gable Roof - has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends. This type of roof is used extensively
on Philippines “bahaykubo” and raw houses in subdivision. The pitch or angle of a gable roof varies from the
high pitch roofs found on chalet A-frame style buildings to the low pitch roofs found on most ranch homes.

Hip Roofs - are used when eave-line protection is desired around the entire perimeter of the building.
Hip roofs are very popular in warm climates. They are commonly used on Regency and French
Provincial homes.

Flat Roofs- are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes. Slightly heavier rafters are needed for flat
roofs. Built-up asphalt construction is often used on flat roofs.
 Shed-Type Roofs- are higher at one end than the other. They may be used effectively when two levels exist
where additional light is needed.

Overhang - is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side of the building perpendicular to
the rafters direction. It should provide additional protection from the sun and rain.

These five roofing system are commonly used in the construction sector. However, there are other types of roofs that are rarely used in
the construction.

Self-Check 4.5
I. Identify the terms being defined. Write your answers on the space provided.
_______________________1. It is the external upper covering of a house or building.
_______________________2. Type of roof in which it is a combination of Hip and Gambrel.
_______________________3. The most common roof, built with “common” rafters.
_______________________4. Type of roof which provides more space on the second floor
_______________________5. It is a lead and zinc bath treatment to prevent rusting
_______________________6. These are structural members used to frame a roof
_______________________7. It is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side of the building perpendicular to the
rafters direction.
_______________________8. It is the vertical height of a roof.
_______________________9. It provides overhang on all four sides
_______________________10. It is the internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof.
II. Encircle the words you find based on your answers from test I.

R E Z I N A V L A G G
A O V R G T I O N N A
F A O A D R A S N A M
O N B F L U F C J H B
L L D T I L I L I R R
E B Q E Z F E P U E E
E S I R M B H Y X V L
Y W G S N S U T R O M