IU

U
S,
Lecture on

,IN
Waves & Oscillations

ad
As
By Md Asaduzzaman Asad

an
INS, United International University
amz
uz
ad
As
M
 Classification of Waves

IU
U
S,
IN
Wave: A wave is a traveling disturbance that transports energy from place to place.
Wave is an energy transfer phenomena in which particle position does not change.

,
ad
As
an
z am
uz
ad
As
M
 Classification of Waves

IU
So that, Wave is an energy transfer phenomena in which particle position effectively does not

U
change from equilibrium.

S,
The information can also be transferred by wave.

, IN
ad
As
an
z am
uz
ad
As
M
 Classification of Waves

IU
U
Different types of waves have a different set of characteristics. Based on the orientation of
particle motion and direction of energy, there are mainly three categories of waves:

S,
 1. Mechanical Waves

IN
 2. Electromagnetic Waves

,
ad
 3. Matter Waves
Mechanical Waves: A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter and is

As
responsible for the transfer of energy through a medium. Example: Sound wave, water wave,
etc.

an
There are two types of mechanical waves: (i) Longitudinal waves (ii) Transverse waves.

am
EM Waves: Electromagnetic waves are created by a fusion of electric and magnetic fields.
Unlike mechanical waves electromagnetic waves do not need a medium to travel. Example:
Light wave, Microwave, etc. z
uz
Matter Wave: The dual nature of matter; its ability to exist both as a particle and a wave is
ad

called matter wave. Example: De-Broglie wave, beam of electrons, etc.

As
M
 Different types of Waves

IU
U
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

S,
IN
1 Sine wave

,
ad
As
2 Cosine Wave

an
am
3 Longitudinal Wave

z
uz
ad

4 Square Wave
As
M
 Different types of Waves

IU
U
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

S,
IN
5 Triangle wave

,
ad
As
6 Sawtooth Wave

an
am
7 Half Wave Rectifier Wave

z
uz
ad
As

8 Full Wave Rectifier Wave

M
 Different types of Waves

IU
U
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

S,
IN
9 Pulsating wave

,
ad
10 EM Wave

As
an
11 Shock Wave

z am
uz
ad

12 Solitary Wave
(John Scott Russell, discovered
As

in 1834)
M
 Different types of Waves

IU
U
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

S,
IN
13 Water wave

,
ad
As
14 DC Wave

an
am
15 PQRST Wave

z
uz
ad
As

16 Seismic Wave
M
 Different types of Waves

IU
U
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

S,
IN
17 DHM wave

,
ad
As
18 Rogue Wave

an
am
19 Ocean Wave
z
uz
ad
As

20 Stationary Wave
M
 Different types of Waves

IU
U
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

S,
IN
21 Kelvin wave

,
ad
As
22 Progressive Wave

an
amz
23 Gravitational Wave
uz
ad
As

24 Sound Wave
M
 Different types of Waves

IU
U
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

S,
IN
25 Transverse Wave

,
ad
As
26 Surface Waves

an
amz
27 Body waves
uz
ad
As

28 P Wave
(Compressional wave)
M
 Different types of Waves

IU
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

U
S,
IN
29 S Wave
(Secondary wave)

,
ad
As
30 Love Wave
(A.E.H. Love, a British mathematician,
discovered in 1911:Type surface waves)

an
am
31 Rayleigh Wave

z
(John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, British
uz
scientist, discovered in 1885:Type surface waves)
ad
As

32 De-Broglie Wave
(Louis de Broglie, discovered in 1924)
M
 Different types of Waves

IU
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

U
S,
Love Wave
(A.E.H. Love, a British mathematician,

IN
discovered in 1911)

,
ad
As
Rayleigh Wave
(John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, British
scientist, discovered in 1885)

an
am
P Wave
(Compressional Wave)
z
uz
ad
As

S Wave
(Secondary Wave)
M
 Different types of Waves

IU
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

U
S,
33 Soliton

IN
(soliton wave)

,
ad
As
an
34 Cross Waves
(Cross sea waves)

z am
uz
ad
As

35 Capillary Waves
M
 Different types of Waves

IU
U
SL Name of the Waves Outlook

S,
IN
36 Ripple Wave

,
ad
As
an
z am
37 Seiche Waves
uz
ad
As
M