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Organization structure

It is formal or informal framework of organization that is used it arrange its line of authority,
communication, duties and rights.

1. The informal organization

2. The Formal organization

The informal organization:

This organization deals how people work together in practice. We can say in simple words it is
the interlocking social structure. The rules regulations polices no hard and people have freedom
to bring new ideas and also can discuss their ideas.

The Formal organization:

It is a fixed set of rules of inter organization procedures and structures. . In some societies and in
some organization, such rules may be strictly followed

Organizational structure types

Pre-bureaucratic structures (simple structure)

Pre-bureaucratic (entrepreneurial) structures lack standardization of tasks. This structure is most

common in smaller organizations and is best used to solve simple tasks. The structure is totally

centralized.

Bureaucratic structures
A form of organization Structure that characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined
hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships have a certain degree of
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standardization. It is best for more complex or larger scale organizations. They usually adopt a
tall structure.

Post-bureaucratic

The term of post bureaucratic is used in two senses in the organizational literature: one generic and one
much more specific.

Functional structure

Employees within the functional divisions of an organization tend to perform a specialized set of
tasks, for instance the engineering department would be staffed only with software engineers.
This leads to operational efficiencies within that group. It could also lead to a lack of
communication between the functional groups within an organization.

Divisional structure

Also called a "product structure", the divisional structure groups each organizational function
into a division. Each division within a divisional structure contains all the necessary resources
and functions within it/division may be on (geographical basis, product/service basis).
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Matrix structure
The structure that combines (functional and product departmentalization) and create a dual line of
authority.

Weak/Functional Matrix

Balanced/Functional Matrix

Strong/Project Matrix

There are also other modern structure e.g. pizza team boundary less and virtual structure
types

I choose the Wal-Mart organization structure

What is a wal-mart?

It's a discount department store that belongs to the Wal-Mart Corporation of Bentonville,
Arkansas. These come in three varieties general marchandising, food items, marketing stores

Wal-Marts organizational structure consists of a divisional structure

Wall-Marts organizational structure consists of a divisional structure. A divisional structure has
three different categories in which are product structure, market structure, and geographic
structure. Wal-Mart falls under market structure.
Wal-Mart Divisional Structure Explanations
Wal-Mart was constructed into a three (3) product divisional structure. The successful world
retailer’s business categories include Wal-Mart Stores (U.S.), Sam's Club (U.S.), and
International stores. The International segment yields about 20% of the company’s overall
business income and is responsible for several different types of restaurants and stores including
Wal-Mart and Sam's Club in 13 countries and Puerto Rico the advantage of this divisional
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structure that each division is open to focus its efforts on specific goals such as product, service,
or customers. Narrowing the focus really allows the company to perform more effectively
because they are allowed to pinpoint specific areas needing change and adjust appropriately

WALL MART ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

CEO Chief Financial Officer Finance & Treasurer
Mike Duke 3 CH
Thomas Schoewe

Control
Chairman of the Board Legal SW
Rob Walton JG

Wal-Mart Brazil 2
Director 4 CIO MS
James Cash RF

Wal-Mart Canada 2
Director
s 3 Corporate & Government DC
Aida Alvarez LD

Wal-Mart China
Director 2 Human Resources 2
EC
Roger Corbett Susan Chambers

Seiyu
Director 2 Legal, Ethics & Secretary 2 EK
Allen Questrom Thomas Hyde

Walmart Asia 2
Director 2 International Scott Price
s
Linda Wolf DM

Latin America
Director 2 Sam’s Club 2
ES
Gregory Penner Brian Cornell

Merchandising, Sam's
Director Replenishment, Pricing &
Club 3
Jim Walton Pla...
Linda Hefner
JW

Director 3 Walmart U.S 2 Marketing & E-Commerce,

Douglas Daft William Simon Sam...
CD
CD

Director 4 Global.com & Global Operations, Sam’s Club

Sourcing 2 IPL
Steven Reinemund Eduardo Castro-Wright
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Director 2 Walmart U.S Wal-Mart Realty, U.S.

Arne Sorenson BS EZ

Wal-Mart West
Director
RV
Lee Scott

Administration, Wal-Mart
Director 3 U.S.
James Breyer TM

Marketing, Wal-Mart U.S.

Director 4 4
Michele Burns Stephen Quinn

Merchandising, Wal-Mart
U.S.4
Director 8 John Fleming
Christopher Williams

Grocery, Wal-Mart U.S.

JS

Supply Chain, Wal-Mart

U.S.
JD

Mexico and Central

SR
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Organizational Behavior

(OB) is a broad study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups
act in their respective organizations behavior of Wal-Mart Sam Walton opened the first Wal-
Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas.  

Behavior modification

It is a systematic way of reinforcement for each successive step to get desired behavior from
employees

Cognitive Behavior Modification

Cognitive behavior modification is a method of mental health therapy commonly used to treat a
range of neuroses and anxiety disorders.

How It Works

 Cognitive behavior modification works on a principle called "thought stopping."

Schedule of behavior modification

Continuous behavior modification:

Whenever employee shows some positive behavior we must reinforce the employee.

Positive reinforcement,

This encourages certain behaviors through a system of rewards.

Negative reinforcement

Is a method of training that uses a negative reinforcing. To reinforce or to encourage them in

negative way
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Intermittent reinforcement:

Not continuous not going to reinforce whenever he shows positive behavior but it depends upon
ratio and interval

Types of Intermittent reinforcement

Fixed interval schedule (FIS)

Variable interval schedule (VIS)

Fixed amount schedule (FRS)

Variable amount schedule (VRS)

The Wal-Mart use the positive reinforcement theory & intermittent with some
extent

Explanation:

Wal-Mart encourages their employees whenever they bring any new idea and innovation
according to Wal-Mart style, said, "Use your imagination. Be creative and figure out a way to
sell it." This type of attitude is ingrained into the Wal-Mart culture from top to bottom. It is a
culture that encourages people at all levels of the company to come up with ideas for making the
retailer better. A company with a good corporate culture usually inspires its workers by giving
positive reinforcement to them and treating them with dignity. Most fall somewhere in between
those two extremes. The Wal-Mart also share the good and bad news with their employees
because they considerable-Mart is not the only firm that calls its employees "associates." But, it
was always a "people-oriented" company. Since the chain's early days, Sam Walton felt that "If
you take care of your people, they will take care of you."They believe that treat your employees
as partners. Share with them both the good news and the bad so they will strive to excel. And,
allow them to share in the rewards of their achievements. Those rewards amounted to $170
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million in last year's incentive award programs, which included store management bonuses,
shrinkage savings incentives and assorted non-management incentive programs.Wal-Mart's
profit sharing fund has enjoyed growth similar to the company's profit increases and provides an
excellent retirement fund. Most full-time and many part-time employees become participants in
the fund following one year of employment.."Achieving success at Wal-Mart can be financially
rewarding. More than a few stores, district and regional managers have retired at a relatively
young age to enjoy the fruits of their success. But the rewards of working at Wal-Mart go beyond
financial incentives. They also believe that challenge leads toward success are first step so
always ready to face because ups and downs part of life and business so always relay on hard
work said Glass."So, we challenged our people and asked, `Why do we have to lose money in
the first quarter?' If you look at our first quarter now, it's as good as any other except the fourth,
of course,"

Conclusions:

I conclude from this assignment that every organization has different structures there is no best
format; implementation and success always depends on organization's purpose and function. The
wall-mart used the divisional structure. Behavior modification is the need of today mangers. The
behavior can reinforced by reinforcement schedules like intermittent and continuous .wall-mart
use the continuous reinforcement and also use the intermittent reinforcement (fixed ratio
schedule) with some extent. The continuous is best to reinforce the new employees and
intermittent for old and to retain those long run with organization.

References:
1: Robins, Stephen & Judge TimothyA.2007.Organizational Behavior New Delhi: Printce_hall of
India 2: Robins, Stephen &Coulter Mary.2007.Management New Delhi: Printce_hall of India 3:
The officialBoard.mht 4: Business research paper<management> 5:Matrix_ organization_
scheme_svg 6: Business 7:dictionary.com 8:OPPapers.com 9:http//www.walmartstores.com
10: the answer.com