1.

Which of the following energy has the greatest potential among all the
sources of renewable energy?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind Energy
c) Thermal energy
d) Hydro-electrical energy

2. What is the rate of solar energy reaching the earth surface?

a) 1016W
b) 865W
c) 2854W
d) 1912W

3. What is total amount of solar energy received by earth and atmosphere?

a) 3.8 X 1024 J/year
b) 9.2 X 1024 J/year
c) 5.4 X 1024 J/year
d) 2.1 X 1024 J/year

4. Which is most common source of energy from which electricity is

produced?
a) Hydroelectricity
b) Wind energy
c) Coal
d) Solar energy

5. Complete the following reaction.

H2O + CO2 → _______
a) CH2O + O2
b) CO2 + O2
c) H + CO2 + O2
d) CH2O + H2O + O2

6. In what form is solar energy is radiated from the sun?

a) Ultraviolet Radiation
b) Infrared radiation
c) Electromagnetic waves
d) Transverse waves
7. What does MHD stands for in the energy field?
a) Magneto Hydro Dynamic
b) Metal Hydrogen Detox
c) Micro Hybrid Drive
d) Metering Head Differential

8. Solar radiation which reaches the surface without scattering or absorbed

is called _____________
a) Beam Radiation
b) Infrared radiation
c) Ultraviolet radiation
d) Diffuse radiation

9. The scattered solar radiation is called ____________

a) Direct Radiation
b) Beam Radiation
c) Diffuse radiation
d) Infrared Radiation

10. Solar radiation received at any point of earth is called ______________

a) Insolation
b) Beam Radiation
c) Diffuse Radiation
d) Infrared rays

11. HHW stands for ____________

a) High and Low water
b) High Level Waste
c) Heated Low Level water
d) High and Low Waste

12. What is unit of nuclear radiation?

a) Reaumur
b) Roentgen
c) Rankine
d) Pascal

13. The amount of energy received in unit time on a unit area perpendicular
to the sun’s direction at the mean distance of the earth from the sun is
called ________
 a) Solar radiation
b) Solar constant
c) Intensity of solar radiation
d) Air Mass

14. What is ‘n’ in the following solar intensity formula?

I = Isc {1 + 0.033cos (360n/365)}
a) Day of the year
b) Month of the year
c) The year
d) Week of the year

15. When the sun is directly on the top of head, it as referred to _________
a) Zenith
b) Azimuth
c) Declination
d) Hour angle

16. . Radiation intensity ‘I’ normal to the surface is given by __________

a) ICosθ
b) Itanθ
c) ICotθ
d) Isinθ

17. Path length of radiation through the atmosphere to the length of path
when the sun is at zenith is called ___________
a) Declination
b) Air mass
c) Azimuth
d) Solar Constant

18. Angle made by radial line joining the location to the centre of the earth
with the projection of the line on the equatorial plane is called _________
a) Latitude
b) Zenith angle
c) Hour angle
d) Declination

19. Angular distance of sun’s rays north or south of the equator is called
_______
 a) Declination
b) Hour angle
c) Latitude
d) Air mass

20. By which of the following symbol is solar Declination denoted by

____________
a) δ
b) ρ
c) Δ
d) γ

21. The angle through which the earth must turn to bring the meridian of a
point directly in sun’s rays is called __________
a) Hour angle
b) Declination
c) Latitude
d) Air mass

22. Solar Altitude is also called as ________

a) Declination
b) Altitude angle
c) Zenith angle
d) Azimuth angle

23. The angle between the sun’s rays and a line perpendicular to the
horizontal plane through angle the beam of the sun and vertical is called
__________
a) Solar Azimuth angle
b) Zenith angle
c) Altitude angle
d) Declination

24. The solar angle in degrees along the horizon east or west of north or it is
the horizontal angle measured from north to the horizontal projection of
sun’s rays is called ___________
a) Solar azimuth angle
b) Zenith angle
c) Altitude angle
d) Declination
25. The angle of deviation of the normal to the surface from the local
meridian is called as _________
a) Surface azimuth angle
b) Solar azimuth angle
c) Solar altitude
d) Hour angle

26. The vector sum of the components along the line normal of the titled
surface in a direction normal to the tilted surface is called as __________
a) Solar intensity
b) Declination
c) Incident angle
d) Hour angle

27. The time from sunrise to sunset is termed as _______________

a) Slope
b) Day length
c) Local solar time
d) Solar intensity

28. . LST stands for __________

a) Local standard time
b) Local solar time
c) Low surface temperature
d) Land surface temperature

29. How much would be the angle of declination on DECEMBER 21 at 0900

h (LAT). The collector s located in New Delhi (28 o35’N, 77o12’E) and is
tilted at an angle of 36o with the horizontal and is pointing south?
a)44.28o
b)-28.92o
c)-23.45o
d)-42.22o
30. Answer: c
Explanation: In the case γ = 0o, on December 21, n=355

31. . Which type of device is used to measure solar irradiance on a planar

surface?
a) Pyranometer
b) Net radiometer
c) Gardon gauge
d) Pyrheliometer

32. Instrument used to measure direct beam of solar irradiance is called

____________
a) Pyranometer
b) Net radiometer
c) Gardon gauge
d) Pyrheliometer

33. To how many types are flat plate collectors divided depending on type of
heat transfer fluid?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

34. For what purpose are Gas heating collectors used?

a) To trap solar radiance
b) To act as a medium to help in conversion of sunlight to electrical
energy
c) Employed as solar air heaters
d) They act as alternate panels in case of failure

35. Liquid heating collectors are mainly used for _________

a) heating water
b) generating electricity
 c) cooking
d) trapping sunlight

36. . _______ is a glazing which limits the radiation and convection heat
losses.
a) Absorber plate
b) Selective surface
c) Insulation
d) Transparent cover

37. What are provided to minimize heat loss?

a) Absorber plate
b) Surface plate
c) Insulation
d) Casing

38. Which part of flat plate collectors is coated in black?

a) Transparent cover
b) Absorber plate
c) Insulation
d) Fins

39. The frame which contains all the parts is called __________
a) box
b) plate
c) enclose
d) container

40. In which collector does air flow without any obstruction?

a) Porous absorber plate
b) Non-porous absorber plate
c) Over lapped glass absorber
d) Finned absorber

41. In which absorber matrix material is arranged and the back absorber plate
is eliminated?
a) Porous absorber plate
b) Non-porous absorber plate
c) Over lapped glass absorber
d) Finned absorber
42. Which type of absorber increases the heat transfer area over a simple flat
plate absorber of the same capacity?
a) Porous absorber plate
b) Non-porous absorber plate
c) Over lapped glass absorber
d) Finned absorber

43. In which type of absorber plate is the overall flow direction is along the
absorber glass plate?
a) Overlapped glass absorber
b) Finned absorber
c) Non-porous absorber plate
d) Porous absorber plate

44. How is heat loss over come in liquid plate collectors?

a) By insulation
b) By casing
c) By the transparent cover
d) From provided tubes
1-Direct Solar energy is used for
(A) Water heating
(B) Distillation
(C) Drying
(D) All of the above

2-The power from the sun intercepted by the earth is approximately

(A) 1.8 x 108 MW
(B) 1.8 x 1011 MW
(C) 1.8 x 1014 MW
(D) 1.8 x 1017 MW

3-The following is indirect method of Solar energy utilization

(A) Wind energy
(B) Biomass energy
(C) Wave energy
(D) All of the above

4-A liquid flat plate collector is usually held tilted in a fixed position, facing
_____ if located in the northern hemisphere.
(A) North
(B) South
(C) East
(D) West

5-The collection efficiency of Flat plate collector can be improved by

(A) putting a selective coating on the plate
(B) evacuating the space above the absorber plate
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

6-The efficiency of various types of collectors ______ with _______

temperature.
(A) increases, decreasing
(B) decreases, increasing
(C) remains same, increasing
(D) depends upon type of collector
7-Maximum efficiency is obtained in
(A) Flat plate collector
(B) Evacuated tube collector
(C) Line focussing collector
(D) Paraboloid dish collector

8-The following type of energy is stored as latent heat

(A) Thermal energy
(B) Chemical energy
(C) Electrical energy
(D) Mechanical energy

9-Which of the following type of collector is used for low temperature

systems?
(A) Flat plate collector
(B) Line focussing parabolic collector
(C) Paraboloid dish collector
(D) All of the above

10-In the paraboloid dish concept, the concentrator tracks the sun by
rotating about
(A) One axes
(B) Two axes
(C) Three axes
(D) None of the above

11-The sun subtends an angle of _____ minutes at the earth’s surface.

(A) 22
(B) 32
(C) 42
(D) 52

12-The value of Solar Constant is

(A) 1347 W/m2
(B) 1357 W/m2
(C) 1367 W/m2
(D) 1377 W/m2
13-The extraterrestrial radiation flux varies by ____ % over a year.
(A) ± 1.1
(B) ± 2.2
(C) ± 3.3
(D) ± 4.4

14-The following is (are) laws of black body radiation.

(A) Plank’s law
(B) Stefan-Boltzmann law
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

15-Absorption of Solar radiations at earth’s surface occur due to presence

of
(A) Ozone
(B) Water vapours
(C) Carbon di-oxide
(D) All of the above

16-Global radiation =
(A) Direct radiation – Diffuse Radiation
(B) Direct radiation + Diffuse Radiation
(C) Direct radiation / Diffuse Radiation
(D) Diffuse Radiation / Direct radiation

17-The zenith angle is the angle made by the sun’s rays with the ____ to a
______ surface.
(A) normal, horizontal
(B) tangent, horizontal
(C) normal, vertical
(D) tangent, vertical

18-Solar radiation flux is usually measured with the help of a

(A) Anemometer
(B) Pyranometer
(C) Sunshine recorder
(D) All of the above
19-Beam radiations are measured with
(A) Anemometer
(B) Pyrheliometer
(C) Sunshine recorder
(D) All of the above

20-The angle made by the plane surface with the horizontal is known as
(A) Latitude
(B) Slope
(C) Surface azimuth angle
(D) Declination

21-The angle made in the horizontal plane between the horizontal line due
south and the projection of the normal to the surface on the horizontal
plane is
(A) Hour angle
(B) Declination
(C) Surface azimuth angle
(D) Solar altitude angle

22-Surface azimuth angle varies from

(A) 0 to 90°
(B) -90 to 90°
(C) 0 to 180°
(D) -180° to 180°

23-The hour angle is equivalent to

(A) 10° per hour
(B) 15° per hour
(C) 20° per hour
(D) 25° per hour

24-The complement of zenith angle is

(A) Solar altitude angle
(B) Surface azimuth angle
(C) Solar azimuth angle
(D) Slope
25-The correction has a magnitude of ___ minutes for every degree
difference in longitude.
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 6
(D) 8

26-The global radiation reaching a horizontal surface on the earth is given

by
(A) Hourly beam radiation + Hourly diffuse radiation
(B) Hourly beam radiation – Hourly diffuse radiation
(C) Hourly beam radiation / Hourly diffuse radiation
(D) Hourly diffuse radiation / Hourly beam radiation

27-The ratio of the beam radiation flux falling on a tilted surface to that
falling on a horizontal surface is called the
(A) Radiation shape factor
(B) Tilt factor
(C) Slope
(D) None of the above

Answers:
1-(D), 2-(B), 3-(D), 4-(B), 5-(C), 6-(B), 7-(D), 8-(A), 9-(A), 10-(B), 11-(B), 12-
(C), 13-(C), 14-(C), 15-(D), 16-(B), 17-(A), 18-(B), 19-(B), 20-(B), 21-(C), 22-
(D), 23-(B), 24-(A), 25-(C), 26-(A), 27-(B)
1. A module in a solar panel refers to

a. Series arrangement of solar cells.

b. Parallel arrangement of solar cells.
c. Series and parallel arrangement of solar cells.
d. None of the above.
2. The efficiency of the solar cell is about

a. 25 %
b. 15 %
c. 40 %
d. 60 %
3. For satellites the source of energy is

a. Solar cell
b. Fuel cells
c. Edison cells
d. Cryogenic storage
4. The output of the solar cell is of the order

a. 0.5 W
b. 1.0 W
c. 5.0 W
d. 10.25 W
5. In a fuel cell cathode is of

a. Oxygen
b. Ammonia
c. Hydrogen
d. Carbon monoxide
6. What is the maximum possible output of a solar array?

a. 300 W/m2
b. 100 W/m2
c. 250 W/m2
d. 500 W/m2
7. The current density of a photo voltaic cell ranges from

a. 10 – 20 mA/cm2
 b. 40 – 50 mA/cm2
c. 20 – 40 mA/cm2
d. 60 – 100 mA/cm2
8.
9. Reflector mirrors used for exploiting the solar energy are called

a. Mantle.
b. Heliostats.
c. Diffusers.
d. Ponds.
10. The function of a solar collector is of converting solar energy into

a. Radiations
b. Electrical energy directions.
c. Thermal energy.
d. All of these.
11. temperature attained by cylindrical parabolic collector is of the order of

a. 50 – 100 °C
b. 100 – 150 °C
c. 150 – 200 °C
d. 200 – 300 °C

Most widely used solar material is........

A.Arsenic
B.Cadmium
C.Silicon
D.Steel
WIND ENERGY

1. What does Heating and cooling of the atmosphere generates?

a) Thermo line circulation
b) Radiation currents
c) Convection currents
d) Conduction currents

2. How much is the energy available in the winds over the earth surface is estimated to be?
a) 2.9 X 120 MW
b) 1.6 X 107 MW
c) 1 MW
d) 5MW

3. How much wind power does India hold?

a) 20,000 MW
b) 12,000 MW
c) 140,000 MW
d) 5000 MW

4. What is the main source for the formation of wind?

a) Uneven land
b) Sun
c) Vegetation
d) Seasons

5. Which country created wind mills?

a) Egypt
b) Mongolia
c) Iran
d) Japan

6. What happens when the land near the earth’s equator is heated?
a) All the oceans gets heated up
b) Small wind currents are formed
c) Rise in tides
d) Large atmospheric winds are created

7. What type of energy is wind energy?

a) Renewable energy
b) Non-renewable energy
c) Conventional energy
d) Commercial energy

8. What are used to turn wind energy into electrical energy?

a) Turbine
b) Generators
c) Yaw motor
d) Blades

9. What is the diameter of wind turbine blades?

a) 320 feet
 b) 220 feet
c) 80 feet
d) 500 feet

10. . At what range of speed is the electricity from the wind turbine is generated?
a) 100 – 125 mph
b) 450 – 650 mph
c) 250 – 450 mph
d) 30-35 mph

11. When did the development of wind power in India began?

a) 1965
b) 1954
c) 1990
d) 1985

12. How much power does the small scale wind machine generate?
a) 18 KW
b) 2 KW
c) 12 KW
d) 30 KW

13. Which type of wind machines are used at several residence or local use?
a) Large size machines
b) Remote machines
c) Small size machines
d) Medium size machines

14. Which type of wind turbines produce 100 kW or greater?

a) Large machines
b) Small machines
c) Medium machines
d) Remote Machines

15. Which part of the wind mill acts as a housing for the turbine?
a) Wind Vane
b) Shaft
c) Wind mill head
d) Turbine

16. A rotor installed in a fixed orientation with the swept area perpendicular to the pre
dominate wind direction is called ___________
a) Nacelle
b) Yaw fixed machines
c) Blades
d) Anemometer

17. How is the action of yaw controlled in small turbines?

a) Tail vane
b) Blades
 c) Shaft
d) Yaw motor

18. Which part of the wind turbines senses wind speed, wind direction, shaft speed and
torque?
a) Turbine blade
b) Shaft
c) Rotor
d) Controller

19. Which type of wind turbine has low RPM?

a) Small wind turbine
b) Large wind turbine
c) Medium wind turbine
d) Remote wind turbine

20. Why recommendation of fixed ratio gears done for top mounted equipment?
a) Because they are easy install
b) Requires less space
c) Due to its low cost
d) Because of their high efficiency

21. Which type of generator are made use in wind turbines?

a) Recreational generators
b) Synchronous generator
c) Asynchronous generator
d) Alternator

22. In which part do we find sensors and actuators?

a) Fixed gears
b) Turbines
c) Control systems
d) Blades

23. How many types of supporting tower for wind mill are generally used?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 3
d) 5

24. On what does the selection of supporting structure depends?

a) Length of blades
b) Rotating capacity
c) Capacity of generator
d) Transmission systems
25. At what type of location vibrations are more in the wind turbine?
a) Downwind location
b) Up wind location
c) Windward
d) Leeward

26. At what type of location vibrations are less in the wind turbines?
a) Windward
b) Leeward
c) Downwind location
d) Upwind Location

27. 1. Select the formula for total power pt?

a) Pt = 12gc ρAVi3
b) Pt = ρAVi3D3
c) Pt = 12gc Vi3D3
d) Pt = 2gcVi3

28. Why blade velocity of wind turbine varies?

a) Due to varying wind speeds
b) Long length of blades
c) Due to the height of mount
d) Because of hotness of Sun

29. When was the Halladay wind mill introduced?

a) 1920
b) 1923
c) 1854
d) 1864

30. How much ideal efficiency should practical turbine have?

a) 10 – 12%
b) 18 – 25%
c) 80 – 90%
d) 50 – 70%

31. How many types are acting on propeller type wind mill?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
32. Calculate the air density, when 10m/s wind is at 1std atmospheric pressure and 15oC?
a)1.226kg/m3
b)1.033kg/m3
c)2.108kg/m3
d)0.922kg/m3

Explanation: For air, gas constant R = 287 J/kgK, 1atm = 1.01325 X 10 5 Pa

Air density, ρ = P/RT = (1.01325 ×105)/(287(15+273.15)) = 1.226 kg/m3.

33. What is the total power produced if the turbine diameter is 120m?
a) 0.277 KW
b) 1.224 KW
c) 4.28 KW
d) 0.89 KW

Explanation: Total power P,

P = 0.245 X (πD2/4)
= 0.245 X (π (120)2/4)
= 0.277 KW.

34. What is the inherent weakness of all wind machines?

a) Their efficiencies
b) Requires powerful winds to make fan rotate
c) Their dependency on the wind speed
d) Cannot be easily repaired

35. Why severe fluctuations in power are always undesirable in windmill?

a) Because they pose power oscillations problems
b) Damage of parts due to fluctuations
c) The efficiency of the plant will be reduced
d) Results in damage to the whole plant

36. Maintenance of constant output at all wind speeds above rating is called _________
a) Numeric rating scale
b) Tenancy
c) Flat Rating
d) TRP

37. A wind turbine designed too to come into operation at a minimum wind speed is called
_________
a) Cut in velocity
b) Windward
c) Cut out velocity
d) Upwind location

38. Why is wind turbine designed to stop operation at cut out velocity?
a) To protect wheel against damage
 b) To make a quick stop in emergencies
c) To improve the efficiency
d) In order to adjust the blades to wind direction

39. The fraction of time during a given period that the turbine is actually on line is called?
a) Availability factor
b) Flat rating
c) Cut in velocity
d) Cut out velocity

40. How many of windmills are there?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

41. Name the windmill which has four blades mounted on a central post.
a) Post mill
b) Smock mill
c) Tower mill
d) Fan mill

42. Name the type of windmill which consists of a sloping, horizontally weather boarded or
thatched tower.
a) Post mill
b) Smock mill
c) Tower mill
d) Fan mill

43. Which type of windmills are been used for primary purposes?
a) Post mill
b) Smock mill
c) Tower mill
d) Fan mill

44. In which of the following, does machine rotor drives through a step up gear box?
a) Horizontal axis with two aerodynamic blades
b) Horizontal axis propeller type wind mill
c) Horizontal axis multi bladed type wind mill
d) Sail type wind mill

45. Which type of the following consists of single blade?

a) Horizontal axis with two aerodynamic blades
b) Horizontal axis propeller type wind mill
c) Horizontal axis multi bladed type wind mill
d) Sail type wind mill
46. Which windmill blades are made by an array of wooden slats?
a) Horizontal axis with two aerodynamic blades
b) Horizontal axis propeller type wind mill
c) Horizontal axis multi bladed type wind mill
d) Horizontal axis wind mill Dutch type

47. Which type of windmill blades are made out of sheet metal or aluminum?
a) Horizontal axis with two aerodynamic blades
b) Horizontal axis propeller type wind mill
c) Horizontal axis multi bladed type wind mill
d) Sail type wind mill

48. Which type of wind mills blade are made out of cloth?
a) Horizontal axis with two aerodynamic blades
b) Horizontal axis propeller type wind mill
c) Horizontal axis multi bladed type wind mill
d) Sail type wind mill

49. Which type of windmill has better performance?

a) Vertical type wind mills
b) Darrieus type machines
c) Magnus effect rotor
d) Horizontal type windmills

50. What does TSR stand for in design consideration of wind mills?
a) Tip speed ratio
b) Torque-synchronous ratio
c) Tip suspension ratio
d) Temporary speed restriction

51. With upto how many propellers can windmills are built?
a) 4
b) 2
c) 7
d) 6

52. What does WECS stands for?

a) Wind energy conversion system
b) Wind engine control system
c) Wind energy combined system
d) Wind engine comparison system

53. In which wind measuring device a tubular piece of thin flexible fabric hanged vertically
to determine direction?
a) Wind socks
b) Weather vane
c) Pin wheels
d) Anemometers
54. A device which is used as device for showing direction wind as well used as a decorative
purpose?
a) Wind socks
b) Weather vane
c) Pin wheels
d) Anemometers

55. Which is the wind direction showing device that spins perpendicularly?
a) Wind socks
b) Weather vane
c) Pin wheels
d) Anemometers

56. Which is the device that measures wind direction and its intensity?
a) Wind socks
b) Weather vane
c) Pin wheels
d) Anemometers

57. Aero turbine is the fraction of power in the wind through the swept area which is
converted into useful mechanical shaft power is called _____________
a) Coefficient of performance
b) Coefficient of variation
c) Coefficient of lift
d) Coefficient of spin

58. Which type of vertical wind machine consists of spinning cylinders?

a) Cup anemometer
b) Savonius rotor
c) Darrieus type rotor
d) Magnus effect rotor

59. Which type of vertical wind machine has relatively low solidity and low starting torques?
a) Cup anemometer
b) Savonius rotor
c) Darrieus type rotor
d) Magnus effect rotor

60. What form of force acts on the blades of Darrieus machine?

a) Pure tension
b) Compression
c) Shear force
d) Air resistance force

61. Which type of axis does a Savonius Rotor has?

a) Horizontal axis
b) Mediolateral axis
c) Vertical axis
d) Lateral Axis
62. Which of the following type of turbine or the rotor requires relatively low velocity winds
for operation?
a) Cup anemometer
b) Savonius rotor
c) Darrieus type rotor
d) Magnus effect rotor