Problem Exercise

1. During a steady flow process, the pressure of the working substance drops from
200 to 20 psia, the speed increases from 200 to 1000 fps, the internal energy of
the open system decreases 25 Btu/lb, and the specific volume increases from 1 to
8 ft3/lb. No heat is transferred. Sketch an energy diagram. Determine the work per
lb. Is it done on or by the substance? Determine the work in hp for 10 lb per min
(1 hp = 42.4 Btu/ min).

Required: Work per lb and Work in hp

Given:
P1 = 200 psia P2 = 20 psia
v1 = 200 fps v2 = 1000 fps
v1 = 1 ft3/lb v2 = 8 ft3/lb
Δu = -25 Btu/lb Q=0

Energy Diagram: W

KE1 KE2
Wf2
Wf1 System
U1 U2

Solution:
KE1 + WF1 + U1 = KE2 + WF2 + U2 +W
W = (KE1 - KE2) + (WF1 - WF2) + (U1 - U2)
𝑓𝑡 2
(KE1 − KE2 ) (𝑣12 − 𝑣22 ) (2002 − 10002 ) 𝐵𝑡𝑢
= = 𝑠2 = −19.1759365
m 2k 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑚
2 (32.174 𝑚 2 ) (778 𝐵𝑡𝑢 )
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑠
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑖𝑛2 𝑓𝑡 3
(200 2 ) (144 2 ) (1 )
𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑡𝑢
W𝑓1 = P1 V1 = = 37.01799486
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑚
(778 )
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑖𝑛2 𝑓𝑡 3
(20 ) (144 ) (8 )
𝑖𝑛2 𝑓𝑡 2 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑡𝑢
W𝑓2 = P2 V2 = = 29.61439589
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑚
(778 )
𝐵𝑡𝑢
Δu = u2 – u1
u1 - u2 = (-25 Btu/lb) (-1)
u1 - u2 = 25 Btu/lb

W = (KE1 - KE2) + (WF1 - WF2) + (U1 - U2)

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
W = (−19.1759365 ) + (37.01799486 − 29.61439589 ) + 25
𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚

𝐵𝑡𝑢
W = 13.2277 𝑙𝑏 ; work done by the system
𝑚

𝐵𝑡𝑢 1ℎ𝑝 𝑙𝑏𝑚

𝑊 = (13.22766247 )( ) (10 )
𝑙𝑏𝑚 42.4 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑊 = 3.1197 ℎ𝑝

2. Steam is supplied to a fully loaded 100-hp turbine at 200 psia with u1 = 1163.3
BTU/lb, v1 = 2.65 ft3/lb and 𝜐1 = 400 fps. Exhaust is at 1 psia with u2 = 925 BTU/lb,
v2 = 294 ft3/lb and 𝜐2 = 1100 fps. The heat loss from the steam in the turbine is 10
BTU/lb. Neglect potential energy change and determine
(a) the work per lb steam and
(b) the steam flow rate in lb/h.

Given:
P1 = 200 psia P2 = 1 psia
v1 = 400 fps v2 = 1100 fps
v1 = 2.65 ft3/lb v2= 294 ft3/lb
U1 = 1163.3 Btu/lb U2 = 925 Btu/lb
Q = -10 Btu/lb

1 turbine W

2
 KE1 + WF1 + U1 + Q = KE2 + WF2 + U2 +W
W = (KE1 - KE2) + (WF1 - WF2) + (U1 - U2) + Q
𝑓𝑡 2
(KE1 − KE2 ) (𝑣12 − 𝑣22 ) (4002 − 11002 ) 𝐵𝑡𝑢
= = 𝑠2 = −20.97368055
m 2k 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑚
2 (32.174 𝑚 2 ) (778 𝐵𝑡𝑢 )
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑠
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑖𝑛2 𝑓𝑡 3
(200 2 ) (144 2 ) (2.65 )
𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑡𝑢
W𝑓1 = P1 V1 = = 98.09768638
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑚
(778 )
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑖𝑛2 𝑓𝑡 3
(1 ) (144 ) (294 )
𝑖𝑛2 𝑓𝑡 2 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑡𝑢
W𝑓2 = P2 V2 = = 54.41645244
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑚
(778 )
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
u1 − u2 = 1163.3 − 925
𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚
𝐵𝑡𝑢
u1 − u2 = 238.3
𝑙𝑏𝑚

W = (KE1 - KE2) + (WF1 - WF2) + (U1 - U2) + Q

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
W = (−20.97368055 ) + (98.09768638 − 54.41645244) + 238.3 − 10
𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚
𝐵𝑡𝑢
W = 251.0076
𝑙𝑏𝑚

𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ𝑟
100 hp (2545 )
ℎ𝑝
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
𝐵𝑡𝑢
251.0075534 𝑙𝑏
𝑚

𝑙𝑏𝑚
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 1013.9137
ℎ𝑟