DALLAS COUNTY - Irving ISD - 2009 Pride Survey

PRIDE
Surveys
Questionnaire Report for Grades 6 to 12
Irving Independent Schools
Irving, TX
March 13, 2009

Contents
1 Introduction 15
1.1 How To Use Your Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.2 Local Use vs. National Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2.1 Annual Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2.2 Monthly Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2 Summary 21
2.1 Core Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2 Annual and Monthly Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3 Where Students Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4 When Students Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.5 Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.6 Protective Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3 Graphics 24
3.1 Frequency of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.1.1 Annual Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.1.2 30-Day Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.2 Perception of Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.3 Perception of Parental Disapproval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.4 Perception of Friends’ Disapproval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.5 Average Age of Onset of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.6 Student Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.7 Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.8 Where Do You Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.9 When Do You Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2
3.10 Drug Use by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.11 Risk and Protective Factors – Cross Tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3.11.1 Attend Church or Synagogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
3.11.2 Take Part in Community Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.11.3 Make Good Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
3.11.4 Take Part in Sports Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3.11.5 Take Part in School Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
3.11.6 Get Into Trouble at School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3.11.7 Teachers Talk About Dangers of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
3.11.8 Parents Talk About Dangers of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3.11.9 Parents Set Clear Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
3.11.10Parents Punish for Breaking Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
3.12 Safety and Health – Cross Tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
3.13 Carrying a Gun to School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3.14 Involvement in Gangs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
3.15 Thinking About Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.16 Being Overweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
3.17 Threatening/Harmful Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.18 Trouble with Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
3.19 Personal Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
4 Percentage Tables 146

4.1 Personal & Family Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
4.2 Student Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
4.3 Within The Past Year How Often Have You... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
4.4 What Effect Do You Most Often Get When You Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
4.5 Do You Feel The Following Are Harmful To Your Health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
4.6 At What Age Did You First... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
4.7 Where Do You Usually Use... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
4.8 When Do You Usually Use... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
4.9 Non-Medical Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
4.10 How Wrong Would Your Parents Feel It Would Be For You To... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.11 How Wrong Would Your Friends Feel It Would Be For You To... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
4.12 How Easy Is It To Get... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
4.13 Tobacco Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
4.14 Vehicle Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.15 While At School Have You... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
3
4.16 In My School, I Feel Safe... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
4.17 Frequency of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
5 Narrative Report 210

5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
5.1.1 The Pride Surveys Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
5.1.2 The Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
5.2 Gateway Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
5.2.1 Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
5.2.2 Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
5.2.3 Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
5.3 Other Illicit Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
5.3.1 Cocaine, Uppers, and Downers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
5.4 The Media and Data Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
5.4.1 Community Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
5.4.2 The Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
5.4.3 Presentations to School/Community Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
5.4.4 Sample Press Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
6 Drug-Free Communities Support Program Core Measures 228
4
List of Tables
1.1 Number of Students Surveyed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.2 Annual Use – Local vs National – Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3 Annual Use – Local vs National – Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.4 Annual Use – Local vs National – Illicit Drugs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.5 Annual Use – Local vs National – Illicit Drugs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.6 Monthly Use – Local vs National – Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.7 Monthly Use – Local vs National – Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.8 Monthly Use – Local vs National – Illicit Drugs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.9 Monthly Use – Local vs National – Illicit Drugs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.1 Core Measures for All Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.2 Percentage of Students Who Report Using Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3 Where Do Students Report Using . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4 When Do Students Report Using . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.5 Percentage Of Students At Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.6 Percentage Of Students Protected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.1 Attend Church or Synagogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

3.2 Take Part in Community Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.3 Make Good Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
3.4 Take Part in Sports Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3.5 Take Part in School Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
3.6 Get Into Trouble at School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3.7 Teachers Talk About Dangers of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
3.8 Parents Talk About Dangers of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3.9 Parents Set Clear Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
5
3.10 Parents Punish for Breaking Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
4.1 Ethnic Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

4.2 Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
4.3 Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
4.4 Do you live with... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
4.5 Do you have a job? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
4.6 Does your father have a job? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
4.7 Does your mother have a job? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
4.8 What is the educational level of your father? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
4.9 What is the educational level of your mother? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
4.10 Do you make good grades? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
4.11 Do you get into trouble at school? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
4.12 Do you take part in school sports teams? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
4.13 Do you take part in school activities such as band, clubs, etc.? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4.14 Do you take part in community activities such as scouts, rec. teams, youth clubs, etc.? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4.15 Do you attend church, synagogue, etc.? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4.16 Do your parents talk with you about the problems of tobacco, alcohol and drug use? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4.17 Do your teachers talk with you about the problems of tobacco, alcohol and drug use? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4.18 Have you skipped school without your parents’ permission in the past year? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4.19 Does your school set clear rules on using drugs at school? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.20 Does your school set clear rules on bullying or threatening other students at school? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.21 Do your parents set clear rules for you? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.22 Do your parents punish you when you break the rules? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
4.23 Have you been in trouble with the police? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
4.24 Do you take part in gang activities? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
4.25 Have you thought about committing suicide? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
4.26 Do your friends use tobacco (cigarettes, etc.)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
4.27 Do your friends use alcohol (beer, liquor, etc.)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
4.28 Do your friends use marijuana (pot, hash, etc.)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4.29 Have you had 5 or more glasses of beer, coolers, breezers or liquor within a few hours? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4.30 Does your school ask any students to take a drug test? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4.31 Do you think that you are overweight? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4.32 Has a doctor told you that you are overweight? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4.33 Have you bought or sold drugs AT school? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4.34 Have you bought or sold drugs when NOT at school? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4.35 Have you carried a gun for protection or as a weapon when NOT at school in the past year? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
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4.36 Within the past year how often have you smoked cigarettes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
4.37 Within the past year how often have you used smokeless tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
4.38 Within the past year how often have you smoked cigars? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
4.39 Within the past year how often have you drunk beer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
4.40 Within the past year how often have you drunk coolers, breezers, etc.? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
4.41 Within the past year how often have you drunk liquor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
4.42 Within the past year how often have you smoked marijuana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.43 Within the past year how often have you used cocaine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.44 Within the past year how often have you used uppers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
4.45 Within the past year how often have you used downers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
4.46 Within the past year how often have you used inhalants? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
4.47 Within the past year how often have you used hallucinogens? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
4.48 Within the past year how often have you used heroin? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
4.49 Within the past year how often have you used anabolic steroids? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
4.50 Within the past year how often have you used ecstasy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
4.51 Within the past year how often have you used OxyContin? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
4.52 Within the past year how often have you used meth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
4.53 Within the past year how often have you used any tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
4.54 Within the past year how often have you used any alcohol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
4.55 Within the past year how often have you used any illicit drug? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
4.56 What effect do you most often get when you drink beer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
4.57 What effect do you most often get when you drink wine coolers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
4.58 What effect do you most often get when you drink liquor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
4.59 What effect do you most often get when you smoke marijuana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
4.60 Do you feel that using cigarettes is harmful to your health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
4.61 Do you feel that using smokeless tobacco is harmful to your health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
4.62 Do you feel that using cigars is harmful to your health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
4.63 Do you feel that using beer is harmful to your health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
4.64 Do you feel that using coolers, breezers, etc. is harmful to your health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
4.65 Do you feel that using liquor is harmful to your health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
4.66 Do you feel that using marijuana is harmful to your health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
4.67 Do you feel that using any tobacco is harmful to your health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
4.68 How much do you think people risk harming themselves (physically or in other ways) if they take one or two drinks of an alcoholic beverage
(beer, wine, liquor) nearly every day? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
4.69 At what age did you first smoke cigarettes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
4.70 At what age did you first use smokeless tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
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4.71 At what age did you first smoke cigars? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
4.72 At what age did you first drink beer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
4.73 At what age did you first drink coolers, breezers, etc.? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
4.74 At what age did you first drink liquor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
4.75 At what age did you first smoke marijuana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
4.76 At what age did you first use cocaine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
4.77 At what age did you first use meth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
4.78 At what age did you first use other illegal drugs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
4.79 Where do you usually smoke cigarettes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
4.80 Where do you usually use smokeless tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
4.81 Where do you usually smoke cigars? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
4.82 Where do you usually drink beer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
4.83 Where do you usually drink coolers, breezers, etc.? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
4.84 Where do you usually drink liquor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
4.85 Where do you usually smoke marijuana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
4.86 Where do you usually use tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
4.87 Where do you usually use alcohol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.88 When do you usually smoke cigarettes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
4.89 When do you usually use smokeless tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
4.90 When do you usually smoke cigars? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
4.91 When do you usually drink beer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
4.92 When do you usually drink coolers, breezers, etc.? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
4.93 When do you usually drink liquor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
4.94 When do you usually smoke marijuana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
4.95 When do you usually use tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
4.96 When do you usually use alcohol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
4.97 During your life, how many times have you taken a prescription drug such as Ritalin, Aadderall or Xanax without a doctor’s prescription? . . 188
4.98 During your life, how many times have you taken over-the-counter drugs to get high? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
4.99 During the past 30 days, how many times have you taken over-the-counter drugs to get high? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
4.100 How wrong would your parents feel it would be for you to use tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.101 How wrong would your parents feel it would be for you to use alcohol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.102 How wrong would your parents feel it would be for you to use marijuana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.103 How wrong would your friends feel it would be for you to use tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
4.104 How wrong would your friends feel it would be for you to use alcohol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
4.105 How wrong would your friends feel it would be for you to use marijuana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
4.106 How easy is it to get cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, cigars, etc.? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
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4.107 How easy is it to get beer, wine, liquor and other alcohol products? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
4.108 How easy is it to get marijuana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
4.109 During the past 12 months, did any doctor, nurse, physician assistant or nurse practitioner ask you if you smoke? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
4.110 During the past 12 months, did any doctor, nurse, physician assistant or nurse practitioner advise you not to smoke? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
4.111 During the past 30 days, how many times did you drive a car or other vehicle when you had been drinking alcohol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.112 During the past 30 days, how many times did you ride in a car or other vehicle driven by someone how had been drinking? . . . . . . . . . 194
4.113 How often do you wear a seatbelt when driving a car? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.114 How often do you wear a seatbelt when riding in a car driven by someone else? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
4.115 Carried a handgun? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
4.116 Carried a knife, club or other weapon? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
4.117 Threatened a student with a handgun, knife or club? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
4.118 Threatened to hurt a student by hitting, slapping or kicking? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
4.119 Hurt a student by using a handgun, knife or club? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
4.120 Hurt a student by hitting, slapping or kicking? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
4.121 Been threatened with a handgun, knife or club by a student? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
4.122 Had a student threaten to hit, slap or kick you? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
4.123 Been afraid a student may hurt you? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
4.124 Been hurt by a student using a handgun, knife or club? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
4.125 Been hurt by a student who hit, slapped or kicked you? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
4.126 In my school, I feel safe in the classroom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
4.127 In my school, I feel safe in the cafeteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
4.128 In my school, I feel safe in the halls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
4.129 In my school, I feel safe in the bathroom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
4.130 In my school, I feel safe in the gym. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
4.131 In my school, I feel safe on the school bus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
4.132 In my school, I feel safe at school events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
4.133 In my school, I feel safe on the playground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
4.134 In my school, I feel safe in the parking lot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
4.135 Frequency of use of cigarettes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
4.136 Frequency of use of smokeless tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
4.137 Frequency of use of cigars? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
4.138 Frequency of use of beer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
4.139 Frequency of use of coolers, breezers, etc.? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
4.140 Frequency of use of liquor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
4.141 Frequency of use of marijuana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
4.142 Frequency of use of cocaine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
9
4.143 Frequency of use of uppers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
4.144 Frequency of use of downers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
4.145 Frequency of use of inhalants? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
4.146 Frequency of use of hallucinogens? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
4.147 Frequency of use of heroin? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
4.148 Frequency of use of steroids? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
4.149 Frequency of use of ecstasy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
4.150 Frequency of use of OxyContin? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
4.151 Frequency of use of meth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
4.152 Frequency of use of any tobacco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
4.153 Frequency of use of any alcohol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
4.154 Frequency of use of any illicit drug? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
5.1 30-Day Use of Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

5.2 Reported Location of Any Tobacco Use For Your Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
5.3 Reported Times of Any Tobacco Use For Your Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
5.4 30-Day Use of Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
5.5 Pct of Students Reporting Fairly Easy or Very Easy to Get Tobacco and Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
6.1 Outcome Measures by Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

6.2 Outcome Measures by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
10
List of Figures
3.1 Annual Use of Any Tobacco, Any Alcohol and Any Illicit Drug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2 Annual Use of Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco and Cigars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3 Annual Use of Beer, Coolers and Liquor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.4 Annual Use of Marijuana, Cocaine, Uppers and Downers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.5 Annual Use of Inhalants, Hallucinogens, Heroin and Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.6 Annual Use of Ecstasy, OxyContin and Meth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.7 30-Day Use of Any Tobacco, Any Alcohol and Any Illicit Drug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.8 30-Day Use of Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco and Cigars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.9 30-Day Use of Beer, Coolers and Liquor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.10 30-Day Use of Marijuana, Cocaine, Uppers and Downers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.11 30-Day Use of Inhalants, Hallucinogens, Heroin and Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.12 30-Day Use of Ecstasy, OxyContin and Meth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.13 Perception of Risk – Any Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.14 Perception of Risk – Regular Alcohol Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.15 Perception of Risk – Cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.16 Perception of Risk – Smokeless Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.17 Perception of Risk – Cigars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.18 Perception of Risk – Beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.19 Perception of Risk – Coolers, Breezers, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.20 Perception of Risk – Liquor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.21 Perception of Risk – Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.22 Perception of Parental Disapproval – Use Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.23 Perception of Parental Disapproval – Use Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.24 Perception of Parental Disapproval – Use Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.25 Perception of Friends’ Disapproval – Use Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.26 Perception of Friends’ Disapproval – Use Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
11
3.27 Perception of Friends’ Disapproval – Use Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.28 Average Age of Onset of Use of Any Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.29 Average Age of Onset of Use of Any Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.30 Average Age of Onset of Use of Any Illicit Drug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.31 Average Age of Onset of Use of Cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.32 Average Age of Onset of Use of Smokeless Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.33 Average Age of Onset of Use of Cigars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.34 Average Age of Onset of Use of Beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.35 Average Age of Onset of Use of Coolers, Breezers, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.36 Average Age of Onset of Use of Liquor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.37 Average Age of Onset of Use of Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.38 Average Age of Onset of Use of Cocaine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.39 Average Age of Onset of Use of Meth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.40 Average Age of Onset of Use of Other Illegal Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.41 Attend Church or Synagogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.42 Take Part in Community Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.43 Make Good Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.44 Take Part in Sports Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.45 Take Part in School Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.46 Get in Trouble at School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.47 Teachers Talk About the Dangers of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.48 Parents Talk About the Dangers of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.49 Parents Set Clear Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.50 Parents Punish for Breaking Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.51 Availability – Any Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.52 Availability – Any Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.53 Availability – Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3.54 Where Do You Use Any Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.55 Where Do You Use Any Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3.56 Where Do You Use Cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.57 Where Do You Use Smokeless Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
3.58 Where Do You Use Cigars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3.59 Where Do You Use Beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.60 Where Do You Use Coolers, Breezers, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
3.61 Where Do You Use Liquor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
3.62 Where Do You Use Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
12
3.63 When Do You Use Any Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.64 When Do You Use Any Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.65 When Do You Use Cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.66 When Do You Use Smokeless Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.67 When Do You Use Cigars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
3.68 When Do You Use Beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.69 When Do You Use Coolers, Breezers, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.70 When Do You Use Liquor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3.71 When Do You Use Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
3.72 Use of Any Tobacco by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
3.73 Use of Any Alcohol by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
3.74 Use of Any Illicit Drug by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.75 Use of Cigarettes by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
3.76 Use of Smokeless Tobacco by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
3.77 Use of Cigars by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
3.78 Use of Beer by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
3.79 Use of Coolers, Breezers, etc. by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3.80 Use of Liquor by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
3.81 Use of Marijuana by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3.82 Use of Cocaine by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
3.83 Use of Uppers by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
3.84 Use of Downers by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
3.85 Use of Inhalants by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3.86 Use of Hallucinogens by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3.87 Use of Heroin by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.88 Use of Steroids by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
3.89 Use of Ecstasy by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
3.90 Use of OxyContin by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
3.91 Use of Meth by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
3.92 Attend Church or Synagogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
3.93 Take Part in Community Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.94 Make Good Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
3.95 Take Part in Sports Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3.96 Take Part in School Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
3.97 Get Into Trouble at School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3.98 Teachers Talk About Dangers of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
13
3.99 Parents Talk About Dangers of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3.100 Parents Set Clear Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
3.101 Parents Punish for Breaking Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
3.102 Drug Use of Students Who Reported Carrying a Gun to School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3.103 Drug Use of Students Who Reported Involvement in Gangs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
3.104 Drug Use of Students Who Reported Thinking About Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.105 Drug Use of Students Who Reported Being Overweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
3.106 Drug Use of Students Who Reported Threatening/Harmful Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.107 Drug Use of Students Who Reported Trouble with Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
5.108 30-Day Use of Any Alcohol, Beer, Coolers and Liquor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
5.109 Location of Any Alcohol Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
5.110 Time of Any Alcohol Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
5.111 Monthly Use of Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
5.112 Location of Marijuana Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
5.113 Time of Any Marijuana Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
5.114 Friends’ Use of Marijauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
5.115 Monthly Use of Cocaine, Uppers and Downers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
14
Chapter 1
Introduction
This report contains the data collected in your school(s) using the Pride 1.1 How To Use Your Data
Surveys Questionnaire. The report is organized as follows:
• Meet the accountability requirements of federal and state agencies that
your programs be evidence-based.
1. A Summary that provides you with the fundamental findings in an ab-
breviated and easy to read fashion. • Establish a needs assessment to design and secure funding for new
programs.
2. Color Graphs that provide more expansive results from the survey in
pictorial fashion. • Conduct periodic performance evaluations for continuing programs.
3. A List of Tables which contains the complete findings of the survey. This • Encourage community-wide support for your programs.
section itemizes student responses by each grade level and each item
scale (for example: never, seldom, sometimes, often and a lot). • Determine why negative student behaviors occur by examining risk and
protective factors.
4. A Narrative Report which includes both text and graphic images. This
section also includes a sample news release.
Additionally, the report contains a special section entitled Drug Free Com-
munities Support Program. This section was developed to provide the data
needed to satisfy core measures required by the Drug Free Communities
Support Program, administered by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration.
15
Pride Surveys Report: Irving Independent Schools
Table 1.1: Number of Students Surveyed

1.2 Local Use vs. National Use
Grade Grade Total Male Female
6 2064 964 977
1.2.1 Annual Use
7 1975 922 927
8 2059 919 924
9 1959 882 826 The following tables compare local annual use figures to the 2007-2008 Pride
10 1878 839 812 Summary for all schools. A negative figure in the diff row indicates that local
11 1373 600 611 percentages for annual use are below national percentages and a positive
12 0 0 0 figure in the diff row indicates that local percentages for annual use are above
6-8 6098 2805 2828 national percentages.
9-12 5210 2321 2249
Total 11308 5126 5077
Table 1.2: Annual Use – Local vs National – Tobacco
DRUG/Location 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th
Cigarettes
Local 6.0 12.1 17.8 22.6 21.9 23.7
National 6.0 10.0 15.1 22.7 25.6 31.0
diff 0.0 2.1 2.7 -0.1 -3.7 -7.3
Smokeless Tobacco
Local 1.7 3.2 4.2 8.4 6.1 6.4
National 3.5 5.1 6.6 11.5 12.9 14.7
diff -1.8 -1.9 -2.4 -3.1 -6.8 -8.3
Cigars
Local 3.9 7.7 12.2 15.6 14.9 13.0
National 3.4 5.0 7.7 13.1 16.7 21.5
diff 0.5 2.7 4.5 2.5 -1.8 -8.5
Any Tobacco
Local 7.0 13.3 20.0 25.6 25.0 27.0
National 7.7 12.8 18.6 28.3 32.1 38.5
diff -0.7 0.5 1.4 -2.7 -7.1 -11.5
Introduction 16
Table 1.3: Annual Use – Local vs National – Alcohol Table 1.4: Annual Use – Local vs National – Illicit Drugs 1
DRUG/Location 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th DRUG/Location 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th
Beer Marijuana
Local 15.0 25.8 36.8 40.8 44.4 43.6 Local 4.0 10.5 17.0 23.6 25.1 23.9
National 11.4 17.5 26.3 35.1 43.3 47.7 National 3.3 5.6 10.8 18.9 23.6 28.4
diff 3.6 8.3 10.5 5.7 1.1 -4.1 diff 0.7 4.9 6.2 4.7 1.5 -4.5
Coolers, Breezers, etc. Cocaine
Local 11.9 22.4 33.0 39.5 43.5 44.3 Local 1.5 3.3 5.4 8.0 8.1 7.2
diff 2.1 6.0 6.2 3.8 1.0 -2.8 diff -0.2 1.7 3.0 3.3 2.9 0.4
Liquor Uppers
Local 10.2 17.7 31.4 39.2 43.6 45.3 Local 1.7 2.6 3.6 6.8 6.8 6.8
diff 2.6 3.9 7.9 3.3 -1.3 -6.4 diff -0.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 -1.1 -2.4
Any Alcohol Downers
Local 21.0 33.5 46.0 52.6 57.2 58.2 Local 1.8 2.7 4.1 6.5 7.1 6.3
diff 5.1 8.8 9.5 4.8 1.5 -3.3 diff -0.2 0.7 1.0 0.2 -0.4 -2.6
Inhalants
Local 4.6 4.1 5.7 6.5 5.0 4.3
National 4.1 5.0 5.5 6.4 6.1 5.7
diff 0.5 -0.9 0.2 0.1 -1.1 -1.4
Any Illicit Drug
Local 9.0 14.5 21.5 26.6 28.1 27.1
National 7.2 10.9 15.6 22.8 27.5 31.6
diff 1.8 3.6 5.9 3.8 0.6 -4.5
Introduction 17
1.2.2 Monthly Use

Table 1.5: Annual Use – Local vs National – Illicit Drugs 2
Hallucinogens The following tables compare local monthly use figures to the 2007-2008
Local 1.5 1.7 2.6 6.1 4.5 4.9 Pride Summary for all schools. A negative figure in the diff row indicates
National 1.6 1.3 2.1 4.4 5.4 6.3 that local percentages for monthly use are below national percentages and a
diff -0.1 0.4 0.5 1.7 -0.9 -1.4 positive figure in the diff row indicates that local percentages for monthly use
Heroin are above national percentages.
Local 1.6 2.9 3.3 5.7 3.5 3.4
National 1.6 1.2 1.7 3.3 3.2 3.8
Table 1.6: Monthly Use – Local vs National – Tobacco
diff 0.0 1.7 1.6 2.4 0.3 -0.4
Steroids
Cigarettes
Local 1.7 1.9 2.2 4.1 2.4 2.5
Local 2.1 5.6 8.4 13.4 12.5 13.2
National 2.1 1.9 2.0 3.4 3.5 3.7
National 2.9 4.7 7.9 14.0 16.3 20.4
diff -0.4 0.0 0.2 0.7 -1.1 -1.2
diff -0.8 0.9 0.5 -0.6 -3.8 -7.2
Ecstasy
Smokeless Tobacco
Local 1.6 2.6 3.0 7.2 6.5 6.6
Local 1.0 1.8 2.2 5.2 3.0 3.4
National 1.6 1.3 2.2 4.5 5.1 6.0
National 1.9 2.5 3.6 7.2 7.8 9.3
diff 0.0 1.3 0.8 2.7 1.4 0.6
diff -0.9 -0.7 -1.4 -2.0 -4.8 -5.9
OxyContin
Cigars
Local 1.5 1.6 1.7 4.8 3.3 3.8
Local 1.3 3.8 6.1 8.6 7.3 5.7
National 1.7 1.6 2.4 5.3 6.4 7.2
National 1.7 1.9 3.3 6.7 8.0 10.3
diff -0.2 0.0 -0.7 -0.5 -3.1 -3.4
diff -0.4 1.9 2.8 1.9 -0.7 -4.6
Meth
Any Tobacco
Local 2.7 4.0 4.5 5.2 3.9 3.7
Local 2.4 6.1 9.6 15.1 13.9 14.4
National 2.0 1.8 2.0 3.5 3.4 4.0
National 3.5 6.1 9.9 17.8 20.3 25.4
diff 0.7 2.2 2.5 1.7 0.5 -0.3
diff -1.1 0.0 -0.3 -2.7 -6.4 -11.0
Any Illicit Drug
Local 9.0 14.5 21.5 26.6 28.1 27.1
National 7.2 10.9 15.6 22.8 27.5 31.6
diff 1.8 3.6 5.9 3.8 0.6 -4.5
Introduction 18
Table 1.7: Monthly Use – Local vs National – Alcohol Table 1.8: Monthly Use – Local vs National – Illicit Drugs 1
DRUG/Location 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th DRUG/Location 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th
Beer Marijuana
Local 3.8 8.3 14.2 20.0 20.1 20.1 Local 2.0 5.9 10.3 15.4 14.8 13.8
diff 0.4 2.8 4.6 2.9 -2.1 -6.6 diff -0.1 2.8 4.1 3.1 0.3 -3.7
Coolers, Breezers, etc. Cocaine
Local 3.8 7.7 12.5 17.6 19.3 19.3 Local 1.0 1.8 2.9 4.9 4.4 3.9
diff 0.5 2.5 2.8 1.7 -0.3 -3.3 diff -0.4 0.9 1.5 1.8 1.1 0.0
Liquor Uppers
Local 2.6 6.3 11.8 18.6 20.4 19.9 Local 0.9 1.8 2.0 5.0 4.5 4.1
diff 0.0 1.8 2.8 1.4 -2.4 -7.7 diff -0.6 0.6 0.2 1.0 -0.6 -2.0
Any Alcohol Downers
Local 6.2 10.8 17.6 24.7 26.1 26.2 Local 1.1 1.6 2.3 4.7 4.4 3.9
diff 1.6 3.3 4.2 2.5 -1.9 -6.8 diff -0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 -0.3 -1.8
Inhalants
Local 1.9 2.0 2.5 4.5 2.6 2.2
National 2.2 2.0 2.3 3.4 3.2 3.3
diff -0.3 0.0 0.2 1.1 -0.6 -1.1
Any Illicit Drug
Local 4.1 7.6 12.0 17.2 16.7 15.8
National 3.6 5.2 8.3 14.4 17.2 20.0
diff 0.5 2.4 3.7 2.8 -0.5 -4.2
Introduction 19
We recommend that you share the findings of your survey with staff/faculty,
Table 1.9: Monthly Use – Local vs National – Illicit Drugs 2
administration, boards of education, elected officials, parents, community or-
ganizations and the news media.
Hallucinogens
Local 1.0 1.2 1.6 4.2 3.0 2.8
While the findings are likely to show that certain problems exist within
National 1.3 0.9 1.3 3.0 3.2 3.8
your student population, the overriding message will be that you are taking a
diff -0.3 0.3 0.3 1.2 -0.2 -1.0
fact-based approach to understand and solve these problems
Heroin
Local 0.9 1.2 1.9 4.0 2.3 2.2
If you have questions about this report or if you wish to have information
National 1.3 0.7 1.1 2.3 2.3 2.8
on other Pride Surveys services and products, please contact:
diff -0.4 0.5 0.8 1.7 0.0 -0.6
Steroids
Local 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.7 1.5 2.0
Pride Surveys
National 1.3 0.9 1.2 2.3 2.5 2.7
c/o Janie Pitcock
diff -0.3 0.2 0.0 0.4 -1.0 -0.7
160 Vanderbilt Court
Ecstasy Bowling Green, KY 42103
Local 1.0 1.5 1.6 4.4 3.5 3.1 1-800-279-6361
National 1.3 0.7 1.3 2.7 3.0 3.5 1-270-746-9596
diff -0.3 0.8 0.3 1.7 0.5 -0.4 janie.pitcock@pridesurveys.com
OxyContin
Local 0.9 1.2 1.1 3.3 2.1 2.3
National 1.3 0.8 1.3 3.2 3.5 4.0 The following information is for Pride Surveys internal use only.
diff -0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.1 -1.4 -1.7
Meth
Local 1.6 1.6 2.1 3.8 2.3 2.2 • Data Files: us080210-221
National 1.4 1.0 1.2 2.4 2.5 2.8
• Filter: (grade == 1 || grade == 2 || grade == 3 || grade ==
diff 0.2 0.6 0.9 1.4 -0.2 -0.6
4 || grade == 5 || grade == 6)
Any Illicit Drug
Local 4.1 7.6 12.0 17.2 16.7 15.8
National 3.6 5.2 8.3 14.4 17.2 20.0
diff 0.5 2.4 3.7 2.8 -0.5 -4.2
Introduction 20
Chapter 2
Summary
Many federal agencies have identified certain data that are most impor- opposed to any use of alcohol at all. Respones to this question are analogous
tant in measuring drug use and perceptions among youth. These data are with the other harm questions and include No Risk, Slight Risk, Moderate
often referred to as the Core Measures and consist of: Risk and Great Risk. Perception of risk results regarding alcohol are based
on the new question and report the percentage of students who regard regular
alcohol use as Moderate Risk or Great Risk.
• Reported 30-day Use - the percentage of students who have re-
ported use in the last 30 days,
• Perception of Risk - the percentage of students who reported that

a drug was harmful or very harmful,
• Perception of Parental Disapproval of Use - the percentage of stu-

dents who reported that their parents would feel if was Wrong or
Very Wrong to use,
• Perception of friend’s Disapproval of Use - the percentage of stu-

dents who reported that their friendsẃould feel if was Wrong or
Very Wrong to use,
• Age of Onset of Use - average age of first use
for the drug categories of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana. The chapter
entitled Drug Free Communitites Support Program Core Measures will delve
into these measures in detail. This section will briefly summarize these data.
(Note: In order to comply with federal guidlines an additional question was
added to the questionnaire regarding use of alcohol on a regular basis as
21
2.1 Core Measures 2.2 Annual and Monthly Use
Table 2.1: Core Measures for All Students Table 2.2: Percentage of Students Who Report Using Drugs
Measure Tobacco Alcohol Marijuana DRUG ANNUAL MONTHLY
30-Day Use 9.9 18.0 10.1 Any Tobacco 19.1 9.9
Perceived Risk 78.9 75.9 70.3 Cigarettes 16.9 8.9
Parental Disapproval 89.5 79.3 91.0 Smokeless Tobacco 4.9 2.7
Friend’s Disapproval 66.5 53.7 69.1 Cigars 11.0 5.4
Avg. Age of First Use 12.4 12.5 13.1 Any Alcohol 43.7 18.0
Beer 33.7 14.0
Coolers, etc. 31.6 12.9
Liquor 30.2 12.8
Any Illicit Drug 20.7 11.9
Marijuana 16.8 10.1
Cocaine 5.4 3.1
Uppers 4.6 3.0
Downers 4.6 2.9
Inhalants 5.1 2.6
Hallucinogens 3.4 2.3
Heroin 3.4 2.1
Steroids 2.4 1.6
Ecstasy 4.4 2.5
OxyContin 2.7 1.8
Meth 4.0 2.3
Summary 22
2.3 Where Students Use 2.5 Risk Factors
Table 2.3: Where Do Students Report Using Table 2.5: Percentage Of Students At Risk
AT AT IN A FRIENDS’ FACTOR PCT AT RISK
DRUG HOME SCHOOL CAR HOUSE OTHER Guns NOT at School 9.4
Tobacco 6.1 2.2 4.2 8.5 9.4 Guns AT School 4.7
Alcohol 19.2 2.0 3.7 17.9 17.5 Gang Activity 4.0
Marijuana 4.2 2.0 3.9 8.8 8.1 Contemplate Suicide 5.8
Trouble With Police 34.5
Threaten A Student With a Gun, Knife or Club 4.9
Threaten To Hurt A Student By Hitting, Slapping or Kicking 28.6
2.4 When Students Use Hurt A Student With A Gun, Knife or Club 3.6
Hurt A Student By Hitting, Slapping or Kicking 27.6
Been Threatened With a Gun, Knife or Club 8.2
Table 2.4: When Do Students Report Using Had A Student Threaten To Hit, Slap or Kick 29.4
BEFORE DURING AFTER WEEK WEEK Been Afraid A Student May Hurt You 19.1
DRUG SCHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL NIGHT END Been Hurt By A Student With A Gun, Knife or Club 3.6
Tobacco 2.9 1.7 5.8 5.1 11.6 Been Hurt By A Student By Hitting, Slapping or Kicking 19.0
Alcohol 1.7 1.4 4.4 7.9 30.9
Marijuana 2.9 1.6 5.0 4.9 11.5
2.6 Protective Factors
Table 2.6: Percentage Of Students Protected

FACTOR PCT PROTECTED
Make Good Grades 63.5
Attend Church or Synagogue 44.6
Take Part in Community Activities 17.2
Take Part in School Activities 32.3
Teachers Talk About the Dangers of Drugs 28.8
Parents Talk About the Dangers of Drugs 42.0
Summary 23
Chapter 3
Graphics
The following graphs will assist you in understanding the relationship of

student behavior to alcohol and other drug usage. You are encouraged to
make overheads or slides from the graphs for presentations to school faculty,
parents, media, and other audiences in the community.
The Location and Time of drug use graphs will be helpful in understanding
the need for a commitment to drug abuse prevention by parents and the larger
community - not just by schools. Student alcohol and other drug use occurs
most often outside the school and at times when school is not in session.
The Perceived Harm of alcohol and other drugs will assist with under-
standing how the false assumptions concerning harm are related to drug use.
When drugs are perceived as harmless, the probability of use increases.
Research indicates that easy access, Availability, to drugs increases the

probability of use. Availability of alcohol and other drugs normally increases
at higher grade levels.
24
3.1 Frequency of Use
3.1.1 Annual Use
Graphics 25
Annual Use of Any Tobacco, Any Alcohol and Any Illicit Drug
.2
.2
58
57
.6
52
.0
46
.5
33
.1
.1
28
.0
.6
27
27
.6
26
.0
25
25
.5
.0
21
.0
21
20
.5
14
.3
13
0
9.
0
7.
Any Tobacco Any Alcohol Any Illicit Drug

6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th
Source: Pride Surveys
Graphics 26
Annual Use of Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco and Cigars
.7
23
.6
22
.9
21
.8
17
.6
15
.9
14
.0
13
.2
.1
12
12
4
8.
7
7.
4
6.
1
0
6.
6.
2
4.
9
3.
2
3.
7
1.
Cigarettes Smokeless Tobacco Cigars

Graphics 27
Annual Use of Beer, Coolers and Liquor
.3
45
.4
.3
44
.6
.6
44
.5
43
43
43
.8
40
.5
.2
39
39
.8
36
.0
33
.4
31
.8
25
.4
22
.7
17
.0
15
.9
11
.2
10
Beer Coolers Liquor
Graphics 28
Annual Use of Marijuana, Cocaine, Uppers and Downers
.1
25
.9
.6
23
23
.0
17
.5
10
1
0
8.
8.
1
7.
7.
8
8
6.
6.
6.
3
6.
6.
4
5.
1
0
4.
4.
6
3.
3
3.
7
6
2.
2.
8
7
1.
5
1.
1.
Marijuana Cocaine Uppers Downers

Graphics 29
Annual Use of Inhalants, Hallucinogens, Heroin and Steroids

5
6.
1
6.
7
7
5.
5.
0
5.
9
4.
6
4.
5
4.
3
4.
1
1
4.
4.
5
3.
4
3.
3
3.
9
2.
6
2.
5
2.
4
2.
2
2.
9
1.
7
7
1.
1.
6
1.
5
1.
Inhalants Hallucinogens Heroin Steroids

Graphics 30
Annual Use of Ecstasy, OxyContin and Meth
2
7.
6
6.
5
6.
2
5.
8
4.
5
4.
0
4.
9
3.
8
3.
7
3.
3
3.
0
3.
7
2.
6
2.
7
1.
6
6
1.
1.
5
1.
Ecstasy OxyContin Meth

Graphics 31
3.1.2 30-Day Use
Graphics 32
30-Day Use of Any Tobacco, Any Alcohol and Any Illicit Drug
.2
.1
26
26
.7
24
.6
.2
17
17
.7
16
.8
15
.1
15
.4
14
.9
13
.0
12
.8
10
6
9.
6
7.
2
1
6.
6.
1
4.
4
2.
Any Tobacco Any Alcohol Any Illicit Drug

Graphics 33
30-Day Use of Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco and Cigars
.4
.2
13
13
.5
12
6
8.
4
8.
3
7.
1
6.
7
6
5.
5.
2
5.
8
3.
4
3.
0
3.
2
1
2.
2.
8
1.
3
1.
0
1.
Cigarettes Smokeless Tobacco Cigars

Graphics 34
30-Day Use of Beer, Coolers and Liquor
.4
.1
.1
20
.0
.9
20
20
20
19
.3
.3
19
19
.6
18
.6
17
.2
14
.5
12
.8
11
3
8.
7
7.
3
6.
8
8
3.
3.
6
2.
Beer Coolers Liquor
Graphics 35
30-Day Use of Marijuana, Cocaine, Uppers and Downers

.4
15
.8
14
.8
13
.3
10
9
5.
0
9
5.
4.
7
4.
5
4
4
4.
4.
4.
1
4.
9
9
3.
3.
9
2.
3
2.
0
0
2.
2.
8
8
1.
1.
6
1.
1
0
1.
9
1.
0.
Marijuana Cocaine Uppers Downers

Graphics 36
30-Day Use of Inhalants, Hallucinogens, Heroin and Steroids

5
4.
2
4.
0
4.
0
3.
8
2.
7
2.
6
2.
5
2.
3
2.
2
2
2.
2.
0
0
2.
2.
9
9
1.
1.
6
1.
5
1.
2
2
1.
1.
1.
1
1.
0
0
1.
1.
9
0.
Inhalants Hallucinogens Heroin Steroids

Graphics 37
30-Day Use of Ecstasy, OxyContin and Meth
4
4.
8
3.
5
3.
3
3.
1
3.
3
2.
2.
2
2.
1
1
2.
2.
6
6
1.
1.
1.
5
1.
2
1.
1
1.
0
1.
9
0.
Ecstasy OxyContin Meth

Graphics 38
3.2 Perception of Risk
Graphics 39
Perception of Risk -- Any Tobacco
.7
63
.7
.8
60
59
.5
58
.0
.2
54
53
.0
.0
23
23
.8
21
.2
.5
20
19
.7
.5
17
17
.5
.6
15
14
.2
.3
.1
11
6
10
10
9
9.
4
3
8.
8.
8.
6
6.
1
4.
No Harm Some Harm Harmful Very Harmful

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 40
Perception of Risk -- Regular Alcohol Use
.9
51
.4
.3
45
45
.2
.6
41
40
.4
37
.1
.0
.4
35
35
.8
34
33
.3
30
.0
26
.3
.7
18
.3
.2
17
17
17
.2
14
.2
13
9
9.
9
8.
6
1
7.
6
7.
6.
4
5.
No Risk Slight Risk Moderate Risk Great Risk

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 41
Perception of Risk -- Cigarettes
.1
56
.9
.4
51
51
.8
47
.2
46
.0
45
.2
26
.8
24
.1
.4
23
.9
.8
22
21
21
.7
18
.7
.8
17
16
.0
.3
.1
14
.0
.6
13
13
.1
13
.0
12
12
12
9
9.
2
8.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 42
Perception of Risk -- Smokeless Tobacco
.0
55
.3
.5
52
.3
51
51
.8
46
.6
45
.4
.1
.9
.7
.5
23
23
22
22
22
.5
.3
20
20
.4
.7
18
17
.4
.0
.8
13
.3
.3
.1
13
12
.8
12
12
12
11
.1
10
0
8.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 43
Perception of Risk -- Cigars
.5
.7
50
49
.1
.7
46
45
.2
43
.0
42
.9
25
.5
.7
24
.6
.4
23
23
23
.3
21
.8
19
.5
.0
18
18
.9
.8
.6
.4
15
15
15
15
.9
.2
13
.7
.6
13
12
12
2
9.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 44
Perception of Risk -- Beer
.4
.2
.1
34
34
34
.9
31
.9
30
.7
29
.1
29
.0
.5
28
.0
27
27
.8
.5
24
24
.1
.6
23
.3
.1
22
22
.6
22
21
.0
.9
.9
.7
21
20
20
20
.6
17
.4
16
.9
14

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 45
Perception of Risk -- Coolers, Breezers, etc.
.1
39
.4
34
.7
32
.9
31
.3
30
.5
29
.4
28
.0
27
.0
26
.3
.3
.9
.8
24
24
.5
23
23
23
.6
22
.7
.1
21
.0
21
21
.9
.6
19
.2
.1
19
19
19
.4
.3
18
18
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 46
Perception of Risk -- Liquor
.1
46
.5
38
.4
36
.9
34
.7
32
.9
29
.8
.8
27
27
.2
.7
.7
.5
25
.1
24
24
.9
24
24
23
.9
.3
21
.9
21
20
.1
20
.1
.5
19
18
.4
.8
15
14
.8
13
.0
13

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 47
Perception of Risk -- Marijuana
.1
71
.7
64
.6
60
.8
.2
.7
47
47
46
.6
25
.2
21
.8
.7
19
18
.1
.5
.5
.3
17
16
16
.1
16
.0
.0
.7
15
15
15
14
.7
12
.3
11
4
9.
2
8
7.
6.
9
2.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 48
3.3 Perception of Parental Disapproval
Graphics 49
Perception of Parental Disapproval -- Use Tobacco
.6
86
.9
.7
82
81
.9
74
.3
73
.3
70
.1
.6
15
.2
13
13
.0
.1
11
10
0
8.
8
6
3
1
8
6.
8
6.
6.
6.
9
5.
5.
4
4.
4.
4.
0
3.
3.
8
1.
Not Wrong At All A Little Bit Wrong Wrong Very Wrong

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 50
Perception of Parental Disapproval -- Use Alcohol
.1
75
.7
68
.4
62
.8
53
.3
.8
52
51
.0
23
.6
21
.7
19
.4
18
.5
.2
.5
16
16
.9
15
14
.2
.3
13
.8
12
11
7
9.
8.
8.
6
7.
5
1
0
6.
6.
6.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 51
Perception of Parental Disapproval -- Use Marijuana
.7
90
.6
.0
88
88
.2
.8
82
81
.5
77
.8
10
4
9.
2
7
8.
7
7.
3
9
6.
5
6.
5.
5.
5.
1
6
5
4
4.
3.
5
5
3.
4
3.
9
2.
2.
2.
1.
8
0.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 52
3.4 Perception of Friends’ Disapproval
Graphics 53
Perception of Friends' Disapproval -- Use Tobacco
.7
63
.1
48
.2
40
.1
34
.6
.5
32
32
.7
.6
.4
25
25
.4
25
.0
24
24
.3
.5
.3
22
.9
.5
.5
21
21
20
.5
20
20
.8
19
18
.6
15
.4
14
.9
11
7
1
8.
8.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 54
Perception of Friends' Disapproval -- Use Alcohol
.1
57
.7
39
.4
.4
34
34
.2
32
.4
29
.8
.7
.2
25
25
.4
.4
25
24
24
.3
.9
23
.2
22
.9
22
.1
21
.9
.7
21
20
20
.0
.2
19
.7
.6
18
17
17
.0
.8
11
10

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 55
Perception of Friends' Disapproval -- Use Marijuana
.8
72
.0
58
.6
49
.4
.9
40
39
.4
38
.3
.8
25
24
.2
23
.0
21
.6
.5
.8
.5
19
19
.9
18
18
.1
17
.5
17
.3
16
.1
15
.7
14
.8
13
12
7
9.
8
7.
2
5.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 56
3.5 Average Age of Onset of Use
Graphics 57
Average Age of Onset of Use of Any Tobacco
.6
13
.0
13
.3
12
.8
11
.2
.2
11
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Average Age of Onset of Use
Graphics 58
Average Age of Onset of Use of Any Alcohol
.0
14
.2
13
.5
12
.8
11
.3
11
.9
10
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 59
Average Age of Onset of Use of Any Illicit Drug
.1
14
.7
13
.8
12
.3
12
.6
.5
11
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 60
Average Age of Onset of Use of Cigarettes
.6
13
.9
12
.3
12
.8
11
.3
.2
11
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 61
Average Age of Onset of Use of Smokeless Tobacco
.6
.6
13
13
.7
12
.3
12
.0
12
.6
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 62
Average Age of Onset of Use of Cigars
.9
13
.6
13
.6
12
.1
12
.6
.6
11
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 63
Average Age of Onset of Use of Beer
.1
14
.2
13
.5
12
.8
11
.3
11
.9
10
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 64
Average Age of Onset of Use of Coolers, Breezers, etc.
.2
14
.4
13
.7
12
.0
12
.5
.2
11
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 65
Average Age of Onset of Use of Liquor
.6
14
.8
13
.1
13
.3
12
.7
11
.4
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 66
Average Age of Onset of Use of Marijuana
.3
14
.7
13
.9
12
.4
12
.9
.7
11
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 67
Average Age of Onset of Use of Cocaine
.0
.0
14
14
.0
13
.6
12
.4
12
.9
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 68
Average Age of Onset of Use of Meth
.2
.1
.0
13
13
13
.8
12
.1
12
.9
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 69
Average Age of Onset of Use of Other Illegal Drugs
.8
.7
13
13
.9
12
.4
12
.1
12
.6
11
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 70
3.6 Student Information
Graphics 71
Attend Church or Synagogue
.7
31
.9
25
.2
.2
.1
.0
.8
25
25
25
25
.3
24
.0
.9
24
24
23
.0
.7
23
22
.0
.0
20
20
.0
.8
19
18
.9
9
.7
.
17
17
.3
.3
17
.9
17
17
16
.1
.9
.6
16
15
.2
15
15
.6
.5
14
14
.9
13
.4
10
Never Seldom Sometimes Often A Lot

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 72
Take Part in Community Activities

.8
.7
61
61
.8
.1
57
57
.1
54
.1
48
.4
16
2
.8
.
15
.0
.0
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14
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14
14
13
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11
4
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11
.
10
10
8
9.
9.
2
8.
0
8
6
8.
8.
7.
9
9
7.
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1
5.
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 73
Make Good Grades
.7
44
.3
.2
.1
40
40
40
.8
.6
37
37
.6
.0
36
36
.5
34
.6
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31
31
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29
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26
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25
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23
23
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21
20
3
3.
5
3
2.
2.
5
2.
4
3
1.
9
1.
1.
1.
1.
5
0.
0.
0.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 74
Take Part in Sports Teams

.6
62
.0
.7
43
42
.3
39
.9
36
.0
35
.5
26
.3
25
.6
.6
23
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22
22
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.9
.6
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15
15
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14
14
14
13
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12
12
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12
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11
11
10
7
5
9.
9.
4
0
8.
8.
2
6
7.
6.
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 75
Take Part in School Activities

.4
.2
51
51
.2
.6
43
42
.9
38
.7
36
.3
27
.9
24
.4
.2
18
18
.2
16
.0
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15
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14
14
14
14
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14
0
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13
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13
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13
12
12
12
12
.9
6
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10
.
10
10
4
9.
6
7.
9
5.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 76
Get in Trouble at School
.4
43
.3
.8
38
.5
37
.9
.8
37
36
36
.4
33
.8
.4
30
30
.1
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29
29
28
28
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27
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25
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22
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21
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14
4
6.
6.
6.
2
5.
1
4.
4.
6
4
2
3.
3.
3.
6
2.
6
1.
1.
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 77
Teachers Talk About the Dangers of Drugs
.7
33
.0
.5
33
.3
32
.9
32
31
.1
30
.0
.0
27
27
.1
23
.6
21
.1
20
.5
.0
19
.9
.5
19
.4
18
18
18
.5
.1
17
.7
17
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16
.9
16
15
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15
14
.0
.5
14
.4
.2
13
13
13
.0
10
1
8.
7
7.
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 78
Parents Talk About the Dangers of Drugs
.7
33
.3
29
.4
.0
28
.5
28
.0
27
.8
27
26
.6
24
.5
22
.1
20
.3
.1
.1
.9
19
19
19
.5
.4
18
.3
18
18
18
.6
.5
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1
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17
17
.9
.
.7
17
17
17
.5
16
16
16
.3
15
.0
14
.3
13
.4
11
.0
10

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 79
Parents Set Clear Rules
.6
58
.7
51
.0
47
.1
42
.4
.1
40
40
.7
27
. 0
26
.8
24
.5
23
.0
3
22
.
.4
21
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20
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19
19
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17
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16
15
5
5
4
9
7.
7.
7.
7.
6.
1
6.
8
3
4.
1
9
7
4.
4.
3.
1
3.
3.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 80
Parents Punish for Breaking Rules
.1
34
.1
.7
.6
32
31
31
.2
.8
30
29
.4
.1
25
.6
25
.5
24
24
.8
.6
.4
23
23
23
.2
22
.6
19
.6
.5
.5
17
17
17
.0
.8
16
15
.0
15
.3
.2
14
14
.9
11
.6
.4
.1
10
.0
10
10
6
10
9.
7
7.

6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 81
3.7 Availability
Graphics 82
Availability -- Any Tobacco

.5
78
.9
70
.6
55
.4
47
.1
43
.8
38
.5
34
.8
30
.9
27
.0
21
.5
8
18
.
17
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16
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13
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12
7
0
9.
9.
7
8
6.
5
6.
2
6.
5.
5.
5.
1
9
9
8
3.
0
0
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
Don't Know Very Difficult to Get Fairly Difficult to Get Fairly Easy to Get Very Easy to Get
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 83
Availability -- Any Alcohol

.8
69
.8
59
.7
43
.3
.2
34
.6
33
32
.3
.8
30
29
.0
.0
27
26
.6
24
.2
22
.4
20
.8
.7
17
17
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13
.5
.4
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.3
11
11
10
10
4
9
8.
7.
9
6.
3
7
5.
4
4
2
0
4.
7
4.
4.
4.
4.
3.
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 84
Availability -- Marijuana
.0
82
.7
74
.7
60
.1
48
.6
43
.0
41
8
.
.6
33
32
.9
29
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20
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16
14
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12
11
7
9.
8
7
3
1
9
6.
6.
6.
6.
1
5.
7
6
5.
4.
7
4.
6
4.
1
3.
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
6 7 8 9 10 11
Graphics 85
3.8 Where Do You Use
Graphics 86
Where Do You Use Any Tobacco
.3
13
.3
12
.6
.5
.5
11
11
11
.4
.2
10
10
4
9.
9
8.
7
8.
0
8.
6
7.
0
9
7.
6.
4
6.
6
5.
0
5.
2
2
1
4.
4.
4.
7
3.
4
3.
2
1
3.
3.
9
2.
9
1.
0
0
9
9
1.
1.
0.
0.
6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11
At Home At School In a Car Friend's House Other
Graphics 87
Where Do You Use Any Alcohol
.2
29
.4
27
.7
24
.8
.7
.7
.6
22
22
22
22
.5
.0
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Graphics 88
Where Do You Use Cigarettes
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Graphics 89
Where Do You Use Smokeless Tobacco
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Graphics 90
Where Do You Use Cigars
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Graphics 91
Where Do You Use Beer
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Graphics 92
Where Do You Use Coolers, Breezers, etc.
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Graphics 93
Where Do You Use Liquor
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Graphics 94
Where Do You Use Marijuana
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Graphics 95
3.9 When Do You Use
Graphics 96
When Do You Use Any Tobacco
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Before School During School After School Week Night Weekend
Graphics 97
When Do You Use Any Alcohol
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Graphics 98
When Do You Use Cigarettes
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Graphics 99
When Do You Use Smokeless Tobacco
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Graphics 100
When Do You Use Cigars
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Graphics 101
When Do You Use Beer
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Graphics 102
When Do You Use Coolers, Breezers, etc.
.0
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Graphics 103
When Do You Use Liquor
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Graphics 104
When Do You Use Marijuana
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Graphics 105
3.10 Drug Use by Gender
Graphics 106
Use of Any Tobacco by Gender
.9
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.9
27
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26
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Male Female
Graphics 107
Use of Any Alcohol by Gender
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Male Female
Graphics 108
Use of Any Illicit Drug by Gender
.5
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6 7 8 9 10 11
Male Female
Graphics 109
Use of Cigarettes by Gender
.2
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.2
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Male Female
Graphics 110
Use of Smokeless Tobacco by Gender
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Male Female
Graphics 111
Use of Cigars by Gender
.1
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Male Female
Graphics 112
Use of Beer by Gender
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Male Female
Graphics 113
Use of Coolers, Breezers, etc. by Gender
.3
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Male Female
Graphics 114
Use of Liquor by Gender
.3
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6 7 8 9 10 11
Male Female
Graphics 115
Use of Marijuana by Gender
.1
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.0
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Male Female
Graphics 116
Use of Cocaine by Gender
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Male Female
Graphics 117
Use of Uppers by Gender
7
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Male Female
Graphics 118
Use of Downers by Gender
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Male Female
Graphics 119
Use of Inhalants by Gender
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Male Female
Graphics 120
Use of Hallucinogens by Gender
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Male Female
Graphics 121
Use of Heroin by Gender
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Male Female
Graphics 122
Use of Steroids by Gender
0
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Male Female
Graphics 123
Use of Ecstasy by Gender
4
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Male Female
Graphics 124
Use of OxyContin by Gender
1
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8
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Male Female
Graphics 125
Use of Meth by Gender
2
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Male Female
Graphics 126
3.11 Risk and Protective Factors – Cross Tabulations
This section looks at the following questions:
• Attend Church or Synagogue
• Take Part in Community Activities
• Make Good Grades
• Take Part in Sports Teams
• Take Part in School Activities
• Get Into Trouble at School
• Teachers Talk About Dangers of Drugs
• Parents Talk About Dangers of Drugs
• Parents Set Clear Rules
• Parents Punish for Breaking Rules
How students responded to each question is presented in table form. Stu-

dents are then grouped based on how they responded to each question. The
percent of illicit drug use for each subgroup is calculated and presented in
graphic form. For example, if the bar for Never is at 40%, this means 40% of
the students who marked Never reported using an illicit drug.
Graphics 127
3.11.1 Attend Church or Synagogue Students are grouped based on how they responded to the question and
the percent of illicit drug use in the past year is calculated for each group. For
example, if the bar for Never is at 40% this means 40% of the students who
Students could respond to this question by marking Never, Seldom, Some-
marked Never reported using an illicit drug.
times, Often or A Lot. The following table shows what percent of all students
responded Never, what percent responded Sometimes, etc.
Table 3.1: Attend Church or Synagogue

RESPONSE PCT
Never 16.2
Seldom 14.9
Attend Church or Synagogue
Sometimes 24.3
Often 18.6
.3
31
A Lot 25.9
.0
26
.2
20
.4
18
.2
13
Percent of Annual Use of Any Illicit Drug
Graphics 128
3.11.2 Take Part in Community Activities Students are grouped based on how they responded to the question and
Table 3.2: Take Part in Community Activities

RESPONSE PCT
Never 57.3
Seldom 12.8
Take Part in Community Activities
Sometimes 12.7
.2
Often 7.4
22
.4
.2
A Lot 9.8
20
20
.4
17
.6
15
Graphics 129
3.11.3 Make Good Grades Students are grouped based on how they responded to the question and
Table 3.3: Make Good Grades

RESPONSE PCT
Never 1.2
Seldom 2.0
Make Good Grades
Sometimes 33.4
Often 39.9
.3
62
A Lot 23.6
.2
44
.0
27
.3
18
.7
11
Graphics 130
3.11.4 Take Part in Sports Teams Students are grouped based on how they responded to the question and
Table 3.4: Take Part in Sports Teams

RESPONSE PCT
Never 43.2
Seldom 12.5
Take Part in Sports Teams
Sometimes 14.0
Often 9.0
.4
.2
23
23
A Lot 21.3
.5
.1
20
.7
20
19
Graphics 131
3.11.5 Take Part in School Activities Students are grouped based on how they responded to the question and
Table 3.5: Take Part in School Activities

RESPONSE PCT
Never 41.9
Seldom 12.5
Take Part in School Activities
Sometimes 13.3
Often 11.1
.8
25
.2
A Lot 21.3
24
.0
18
.5
16
.3
12
Graphics 132
3.11.6 Get Into Trouble at School Students are grouped based on how they responded to the question and
Table 3.6: Get Into Trouble at School

RESPONSE PCT
Never 30.7
Seldom 35.3
Get Into Trouble at School
Sometimes 25.5
Often 5.3
.2
56
A Lot 3.2
.3
44
.8
28
.0
18
5
9.
Graphics 133
3.11.7 Teachers Talk About Dangers of Drugs Students are grouped based on how they responded to the question and
Table 3.7: Teachers Talk About Dangers of Drugs

RESPONSE PCT
Never 17.3
Seldom 21.7
Teachers Talk About Dangers of Drugs
Sometimes 32.2
.0
Often 16.3
29
A Lot 12.5
.9
24
.4
18
.5
15
.3
14
Graphics 134
3.11.8 Parents Talk About Dangers of Drugs Students are grouped based on how they responded to the question and
Table 3.8: Parents Talk About Dangers of Drugs

RESPONSE PCT
Never 15.9
Seldom 14.7
Parents Talk About Dangers of Drugs
Sometimes 27.3
.1
Often 18.5
29
.5
27
A Lot 23.5
.8
20
.5
17
.9
12
Graphics 135
3.11.9 Parents Set Clear Rules Students are grouped based on how they responded to the question and
Table 3.9: Parents Set Clear Rules

RESPONSE PCT
Never 4.7
Seldom 6.4
Parents Set Clear Rules
Sometimes 18.3
Often 23.6
.4
44
A Lot 47.0
.6
40
.1
27
.4
21
.9
12
Graphics 136
3.11.10 Parents Punish for Breaking Rules Students are grouped based on how they responded to the question and
Table 3.10: Parents Punish for Breaking Rules

RESPONSE PCT
Never 10.1
Seldom 14.1
Parents Punish for Breaking Rules
Sometimes 31.6
Often 24.2
.9
31
A Lot 20.1
.5
27
.9
19
.5
.0
16
16
Graphics 137
3.12 Safety and Health – Cross Tabulations
The following graphs and tables summarize some of the Student Information
questions in regards to drug use. These data are calculated by examining
specific subsets of your population. For example, a percentage is calculated
for students who report carrying a gun and their liquor use. This percentage
is calculated as follows:
Number of those reporting carrying a

gun to school and claiming to use liquor
Number of those reporting carrying a gun and validly
responding to the question How Often Do You Use Liquor
The Ratio describes the relationship between the groups examined on

each graph. For example, in looking at Guns vs. No Guns if the cocaine ratio
were 5.3, this would mean the percentage of students who report cocaine
use was 5.3 times higher for students who report bringing a gun to school
compared to those who don’t.
Graphics 138
3.13 Carrying a Gun to School Drug Use of Students Who Reported Carrying a Gun to School
vs. Students Who Did Not
.2
75
Total number of students surveyed = 11308
.5
66
Total number who responded to this question = 10712
508 students reported carrying a gun to school. (4.7% of total responding)
.3
39
.5
33
Of the 508 students who reported carrying a gun to school,
.0
28
370 report using liquor (75.2%),
.2
14
7
325 report using marijuana (66.5%),
5
3.
2.
Liquor Marijuana Cocaine Meth
191 report using cocaine (39.3%), Gun No Gun
162 report using Meth (33.5%).
NOTE: Results based on students who reported one

or more instances of carrying a gun to school Drug Gun No Gun Ratio
Liquor 75.2% 28.0% 2.7
Marijuana 66.5% 14.2% 4.7
Cocaine 39.3% 3.7% 10.6
Meth 33.5% 2.5% 13.4
N of Students 508 10204
Graphics 139
3.14 Involvement in Gangs Drug Use of Students Who Reported Involvement in Gangs
.7
65
.9
55
1495 students reported involvement in gangs. (13.5% of total responding)
Of the 1495 students who reported involvement in gangs,
.6
.5
24
24
.0
20
.6
10
5
2.
1.
352 report using cocaine (24.5%), Gang No Gang
NOTE: Results based on students who reported any involvement with gangs
Drug Gang No Gang Ratio
Liquor 65.7% 24.6% 2.7
Marijuana 55.9% 10.6% 5.3
Cocaine 24.5% 2.4% 10.2
Meth 20.0% 1.5% 13.3
Graphics 140
3.15 Thinking About Suicide Drug Use of Students Who Reported Thinking About Suicide
.8
62
.4
44
644 students reported thinking about suicide. (5.8% of total responding)
.3
28
.4
Of the 644 students who reported thinking about suicide,
24
.6
19
.0
15
3
4.
0
3.
150 report using cocaine (24.4%), Suicide No Suicide
NOTE: Results based on students who reported thinking

Often or A Lot about commiting suicide Drug Suicide No Suicide Ratio
Liquor 62.8% 28.3% 2.2
Marijuana 44.4% 15.0% 3.0
Cocaine 24.4% 4.3% 5.7
Meth 19.6% 3.0% 6.5
Graphics 141
3.16 Being Overweight Drug Use of Students Who Reported Being Overweight
.1
35
.7
28
3133 students reported being overweight. (28.6% of total responding)
.9
17
.6
16
Of the 3133 students who reported being overweight,
3
7.
4
5.
7
4.
5
3.
224 report using cocaine (7.3%), Overweight No Overweight
Drug Overweight No Overweight Ratio

Liquor 35.1% 28.7% 1.2
Marijuana 17.9% 16.6% 1.1
Cocaine 7.3% 4.7% 1.6
Meth 5.4% 3.5% 1.5
Graphics 142
3.17 Threatening/Harmful Behaviors Drug Use of Students Who Reported Threatening/Harmful Behaviors
.6
49
.2
31
3122 students reported threatening/harmful behaviors. (29.1% of total
responding)
.3
22
Of the 3122 students who reported threatening/harmful behaviors,
.4
.7
11
10
0
9.
9
2.
9
1.
Threat No Threat
345 report using cocaine (11.4%), Source: Pride Surveys
NOTE: Results based on students who reported either threatening Drug Threat No Threat Ratio
with a gun, knife or club or threatening to hit, slap or kick Liquor 49.6% 22.3% 2.2
Marijuana 31.2% 10.7% 2.9
Cocaine 11.4% 2.9% 3.9
Meth 9.0% 1.9% 4.7
Graphics 143
3.18 Trouble with Police Drug Use of Students Who Reported Trouble with Police
.7
51
.7
36
3844 students reported trouble with police. (34.5% of total responding)
Of the 3844 students who reported trouble with police,
.0
19
.4
12
0
9.
3
6.
3
1.
1.
464 report using cocaine (12.4%), Police No Police
NOTE: Results based on students who reported

any trouble with police Drug Police No Police Ratio
Liquor 51.7% 19.0% 2.7
Marijuana 36.7% 6.3% 5.8
Cocaine 12.4% 1.7% 7.3
Meth 9.0% 1.3% 6.9
Graphics 144
3.19 Personal Safety
2037 students report being afraid another student will hurt them at school.
(19.1% of total responding)
Of these 2037 students, 196 report carrying a gun to school (9.6%).
2107 students report getting hurt at school. (19.7% of total responding)
Of these 2107 students, 263 report carrying a gun to school (12.5%).
Graphics 145
Chapter 4
Percentage Tables
This chapter contains your school survey results in tabular form. Each Three additional drug use categories have been created for the question
table corresponds to an item on the questionnaire. The tables contain per- How Often Do You Use by combining the existing data. A Tobacco Use cat-
centage data by grade level, grades 6 through 8 combined, grades 9 through egory was created by looking at the responses on each questionnaire on the
12 combined, and all grades combined. The N of Valid column contains the tobacco categories and taking the highest value as the value for Tobacco Use.
number of students who responded to the question and the N of Missing col- The Alcohol Use category was created by looking at the responses on each
umn contains the number of students who did not respond to the question. questionnaire on the alcohol categories. The category of Illicit Drug Use was
The remaining columns contain the percentages of students responding to created in the same way by looking at the illicit drug categories. Therefore,
the particular response categories. the Tobacco Use category represents any tobacco use regardless of the type
of tobacco, the Alcohol Use category represents any alcohol use regardless
The percentage tables of the report appear in the same order as corre- of the type of alcohol and the Illicit Drug Use category represents any illicit
sponding questions on the questionnaire. The Table of Contents contains the drug use regardless of the type of drug.
percentage tables by section and gives the page number where each section
is located. The List of Tables contains the location of each individual table.
The last section of tables presents the frequency of drug use How Often
Do You Use data with the categories collapsed as follows:
Daily Use – Every Day

Weekly Use – Once/Week + 3 Times/Week + Every Day
Monthly Use – Once/Month + Twice/Month + Once/Week +
3 Times/Week + Every Day
Annual Use – Once/Year + 6 Times/Year + Once/Month +
Twice/Month + Once/Week + 3 Times/Week + Every Day
146
4.1 Personal & Family Information
Table 4.1: Ethnic Origin

RESPONSE 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 6-8th 9-12th TOTAL
White 12.6 11.4 12.7 13.8 16.4 18.7 12.3 16.0 14.0 -
African American 11.4 9.6 10.7 10.3 11.5 11.4 10.6 11.0 10.8 -
Hispanic/Latino 59.6 65.1 62.8 62.1 58.8 55.3 62.5 59.1 60.9 -
Asian/PacIslndr 2.7 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.6 6.3 3.3 4.8 4.0 -
Native American 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 -
Mixed Origin 9.8 7.6 7.7 6.7 5.9 5.1 8.4 6.0 7.3 -
Other 3.0 2.2 1.7 2.4 2.5 3.0 2.3 2.6 2.4 -
N of Valid 2026 1939 2034 1929 1855 1353 5999 5137 11136
N of Miss 38 36 25 30 23 20 99 73 172
Table 4.2: Sex

Male 49.7 49.9 49.9 51.6 50.8 49.5 49.8 50.8 50.2 -
Female 50.3 50.1 50.1 48.4 49.2 50.5 50.2 49.2 49.8 -
N of Valid 1941 1849 1843 1708 1651 1211 5633 4570 10203
N of Miss 123 126 216 251 227 162 465 640 1105
Percentage Tables 147

Table 4.3: Age

10 or under 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -
11 37.8 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 12.9 0.0 6.9 -
12 50.7 37.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 29.3 0.1 15.9 -
13 10.3 52.4 34.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 32.0 0.1 17.3 -
14 0.3 9.3 55.3 35.0 0.2 0.0 21.8 13.2 17.9 -
15 0.0 0.7 9.6 49.0 36.0 0.4 3.5 31.5 16.4 -
16 0.0 0.0 0.4 11.6 52.4 40.8 0.1 34.0 15.7 -
17 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 9.3 49.2 0.0 17.4 8.0 -
18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.6 8.2 0.0 2.9 1.4 -
19+ 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.4 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.4 -
N of Valid 2058 1967 2051 1953 1868 1371 6076 5192 11268
N of Miss 6 8 8 6 10 2 22 18 40
Table 4.4: Do you live with...

Both Parents 58.5 56.2 56.4 55.1 54.1 55.9 57.0 55.0 56.1 -
Mother Only 19.7 20.6 20.7 21.6 24.3 20.8 20.3 22.3 21.2 -
Father Only 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.9 3.8 3.2 2.9 3.7 3.2 -
Mother & Stepfather 11.9 12.8 13.0 10.9 10.2 10.3 12.5 10.5 11.6 -
Father & Stepmother 1.6 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.9 2.1 2.5 2.3 -
Other 5.4 5.3 4.6 5.9 5.5 7.0 5.1 6.0 5.5 -
N of Valid 2042 1968 2046 1944 1858 1362 6056 5164 11220
N of Miss 22 7 13 15 20 11 42 46 88
Table 4.5: Do you have a job?

Yes, Full-time 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.7 1.4 -
Yes, Part-time 7.3 7.2 9.1 10.5 16.1 28.1 7.9 17.2 12.1 -
No 91.3 91.9 90.0 87.7 82.5 70.1 91.0 81.1 86.5 -
N of Valid 1984 1892 1941 1825 1744 1293 5817 4862 10679
N of Miss 80 83 118 134 134 80 281 348 629

Table 4.6: Does your father have a job?

Yes, Full-time 69.9 74.9 77.7 79.7 83.9 86.6 74.1 83.0 78.2 -
Yes, Part-time 20.9 18.2 14.8 10.1 7.3 5.7 18.0 7.9 13.3 -
No 9.2 6.8 7.6 10.2 8.8 7.8 7.9 9.0 8.4 -
N of Valid 1798 1740 1800 1713 1631 1212 5338 4556 9894
N of Miss 266 235 259 246 247 161 760 654 1414
Table 4.7: Does your mother have a job?

Yes, Full-time 49.5 54.1 55.7 61.1 65.3 66.4 53.2 64.0 58.2 -
Yes, Part-time 27.9 24.4 21.4 16.3 14.5 10.7 24.5 14.1 19.7 -
No 22.6 21.5 22.9 22.6 20.2 22.9 22.3 21.8 22.1 -
N of Valid 1845 1816 1918 1756 1729 1261 5579 4746 10325
N of Miss 219 159 141 203 149 112 519 464 983
Table 4.8: What is the educational level of your father?

Some High School 38.4 41.1 42.2 44.9 42.2 39.3 40.7 42.4 41.5 -
High School Graduate 23.3 23.9 24.2 24.5 23.3 24.6 23.8 24.1 23.9 -
Some College 13.8 14.6 15.5 13.2 16.2 18.0 14.6 15.6 15.1 -
College Graduate 24.4 20.4 18.2 17.4 18.3 18.2 20.9 17.9 19.5 -
N of Valid 1277 1424 1456 1413 1400 1019 4157 3832 7989
N of Miss 787 551 603 546 478 354 1941 1378 3319

Table 4.9: What is the educational level of your mother?

Some High School 34.2 38.2 39.1 40.2 39.6 36.2 37.3 38.9 38.1 -
High School Graduate 24.4 23.3 24.5 26.0 24.9 26.7 24.1 25.8 24.9 -
Some College 15.6 16.8 16.5 15.3 18.3 18.9 16.3 17.3 16.8 -
College Graduate 25.8 21.7 19.9 18.5 17.1 18.2 22.3 17.9 20.2 -
N of Valid 1414 1544 1609 1534 1517 1107 4567 4158 8725
N of Miss 650 431 450 425 361 266 1531 1052 2583

4.2 Student Information
Table 4.10: Do you make good grades?

Never 0.9 0.5 1.3 2.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.2 -
Seldom 1.2 2.0 1.4 3.3 2.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.0 -
Sometimes 36.6 31.0 31.6 36.0 34.5 29.1 33.1 33.6 33.4 -
Often 37.8 40.1 40.3 37.6 40.2 44.7 39.4 40.4 39.9 -
A Lot 23.5 26.4 25.4 20.8 21.5 23.8 25.1 21.8 23.6 -
N of Valid 2052 1970 2051 1948 1869 1369 6073 5186 11259
N of Miss 12 5 8 11 9 4 25 24 49
Table 4.11: Do you get into trouble at school?

Never 30.8 27.2 22.2 28.6 36.8 43.4 26.7 35.5 30.7 -
Seldom 29.1 33.4 37.8 37.5 36.9 38.3 33.4 37.5 35.3 -
Sometimes 29.1 28.9 30.4 25.1 21.1 14.1 29.5 20.7 25.5 -
Often 6.7 6.4 6.4 5.2 3.4 2.6 6.5 3.9 5.3 -
A Lot 4.3 4.1 3.2 3.6 1.8 1.6 3.9 2.4 3.2 -
N of Valid 2047 1963 2044 1932 1864 1366 6054 5162 11216
N of Miss 17 12 15 27 14 7 44 48 92
Table 4.12: Do you take part in school sports teams?

Never 62.6 36.9 35.0 39.3 43.0 42.7 44.7 41.5 43.2 -
Seldom 9.7 12.0 12.7 13.9 12.3 15.0 11.5 13.6 12.5 -
Sometimes 12.7 14.9 14.6 15.1 14.2 11.5 14.1 13.8 14.0 -
Often 6.6 10.9 11.1 9.5 8.0 7.2 9.6 8.3 9.0 -
A Lot 8.4 25.3 26.5 22.3 22.6 23.6 20.1 22.7 21.3 -
N of Valid 1924 1894 2010 1906 1830 1343 5828 5079 10907
N of Miss 140 81 49 53 48 30 270 131 401

Table 4.13: Do you take part in school activities such as band, clubs, etc.?
Never 27.3 36.7 42.6 51.2 51.4 43.2 35.6 49.2 41.9 -
Seldom 5.9 10.9 14.4 16.2 14.0 14.2 10.4 14.9 12.5 -
Sometimes 12.9 14.3 14.4 12.6 12.2 13.6 13.8 12.7 13.3 -
Often 15.0 13.2 10.3 7.6 9.4 10.6 12.8 9.0 11.1 -
A Lot 38.9 24.9 18.2 12.4 13.0 18.4 27.3 14.2 21.3 -
N of Valid 2015 1948 2045 1939 1859 1362 6008 5160 11168
N of Miss 49 27 14 20 19 11 90 50 140
Table 4.14: Do you take part in community activities such as scouts, rec. teams, youth clubs, etc.?
Never 61.8 61.7 57.8 57.1 54.1 48.1 60.4 53.6 57.3 -
Seldom 8.0 12.3 13.8 15.2 14.0 14.0 11.4 14.4 12.8 -
Sometimes 10.3 11.5 12.2 12.4 14.8 16.4 11.4 14.3 12.7 -
Often 6.9 5.1 6.9 7.6 8.2 11.2 6.3 8.8 7.4 -
A Lot 13.0 9.3 9.3 7.8 8.8 10.4 10.6 8.9 9.8 -
N of Valid 1995 1933 2027 1926 1846 1354 5955 5126 11081
N of Miss 69 42 32 33 32 19 143 84 227
Table 4.15: Do you attend church, synagogue, etc.?

Never 13.9 15.2 14.5 17.9 19.0 17.7 14.5 18.2 16.2 -
Seldom 10.4 14.6 15.6 16.9 16.1 15.9 13.6 16.4 14.9 -
Sometimes 25.2 25.0 24.0 24.8 22.7 23.9 24.8 23.8 24.3 -
Often 18.8 20.0 20.0 17.3 17.9 17.3 19.6 17.5 18.6 -
A Lot 31.7 25.1 25.9 23.0 24.3 25.2 27.6 24.0 25.9 -
N of Valid 1977 1893 2003 1910 1833 1355 5873 5098 10971
N of Miss 87 82 56 49 45 18 225 112 337

Table 4.16: Do your parents talk with you about the problems of tobacco, alcohol and drug use?
Never 13.3 14.0 15.3 18.3 16.7 19.3 14.2 18.0 15.9 -
Seldom 10.0 11.4 16.9 16.5 17.1 17.5 12.8 17.0 14.7 -
Sometimes 24.6 27.5 26.8 29.3 28.0 28.4 26.3 28.6 27.3 -
Often 18.5 20.1 18.4 17.1 19.1 17.2 19.0 17.8 18.5 -
A Lot 33.7 27.0 22.5 18.9 19.1 17.6 27.7 18.6 23.5 -
N of Valid 2020 1944 2036 1933 1855 1364 6000 5152 11152
N of Miss 44 31 23 26 23 9 98 58 156
Table 4.17: Do your teachers talk with you about the problems of tobacco, alcohol and drug use?
Never 16.2 16.7 14.0 19.5 19.0 18.9 15.6 19.2 17.3 -
Seldom 15.1 18.4 21.6 23.1 27.0 27.0 18.4 25.6 21.7 -
Sometimes 30.1 31.9 33.7 32.5 32.3 33.0 31.9 32.5 32.2 -
Often 20.1 17.1 17.5 14.9 13.5 13.4 18.3 14.0 16.3 -
A Lot 18.5 15.9 13.2 10.0 8.1 7.7 15.8 8.7 12.5 -
N of Valid 2004 1945 2023 1935 1849 1357 5972 5141 11113
N of Miss 60 30 36 24 29 16 126 69 195
Table 4.18: Have you skipped school without your parents’ permission in the past year?
Never 91.2 84.0 77.9 65.4 61.1 58.4 84.4 62.0 74.0 -
Seldom 3.6 6.1 7.8 11.4 14.0 15.6 5.8 13.4 9.4 -
Sometimes 2.7 5.1 8.0 11.6 12.8 15.7 5.2 13.1 8.9 -
Often 0.8 2.1 2.8 5.5 6.4 4.8 1.9 5.6 3.6 -
A Lot 1.7 2.7 3.5 6.1 5.7 5.5 2.6 5.8 4.1 -
N of Valid 2033 1954 2033 1937 1862 1364 6020 5163 11183
N of Miss 31 21 26 22 16 9 78 47 125

Table 4.19: Does your school set clear rules on using drugs at school?
Never 5.2 6.5 6.8 10.4 8.1 6.6 6.2 8.6 7.3 -
Seldom 4.3 5.9 6.7 8.3 11.3 10.1 5.7 9.9 7.6 -
Sometimes 7.8 11.4 13.2 17.4 17.2 17.2 10.8 17.3 13.8 -
Often 13.0 17.8 17.9 22.3 22.6 24.8 16.3 23.1 19.4 -
A Lot 69.5 58.4 55.3 41.5 40.8 41.3 61.0 41.2 51.8 -
N of Valid 1963 1929 2018 1921 1847 1357 5910 5125 11035
N of Miss 101 46 41 38 31 16 188 85 273
Table 4.20: Does your school set clear rules on bullying or threatening other students at school?
Never 3.9 5.1 6.0 12.7 11.1 11.8 5.0 11.9 8.2 -
Seldom 2.8 5.6 6.8 14.3 16.2 16.5 5.1 15.6 9.9 -
Sometimes 7.3 12.9 14.7 22.5 24.0 23.7 11.6 23.3 17.0 -
Often 14.8 20.1 21.8 22.1 21.8 21.6 18.9 21.8 20.3 -
A Lot 71.3 56.4 50.7 28.5 26.9 26.4 59.4 27.4 44.6 -
N of Valid 1985 1930 2020 1913 1849 1352 5935 5114 11049
N of Miss 79 45 39 46 29 21 163 96 259
Table 4.21: Do your parents set clear rules for you?

Never 3.7 4.1 4.3 7.4 4.8 3.9 4.1 5.5 4.7 -
Seldom 3.1 6.1 7.5 7.3 7.5 6.9 5.6 7.3 6.4 -
Sometimes 15.4 16.1 17.7 20.4 21.3 19.4 16.4 20.5 18.3 -
Often 19.1 22.0 23.5 24.8 26.0 27.7 21.5 26.0 23.6 -
A Lot 58.6 51.7 47.0 40.1 40.4 42.1 52.4 40.8 47.0 -
N of Valid 2011 1948 2034 1921 1853 1362 5993 5136 11129
N of Miss 53 27 25 38 25 11 105 74 179

Table 4.22: Do your parents punish you when you break the rules?
Never 7.7 10.1 10.0 11.9 10.6 10.4 9.3 11.0 10.1 -
Seldom 9.6 14.2 14.3 15.8 16.0 15.0 12.7 15.7 14.1 -
Sometimes 34.1 29.8 31.6 30.2 32.1 31.7 31.9 31.3 31.6 -
Often 23.4 23.6 24.5 24.6 23.8 25.4 23.9 24.6 24.2 -
A Lot 25.1 22.2 19.6 17.5 17.5 17.6 22.3 17.5 20.1 -
N of Valid 2032 1943 2037 1923 1845 1360 6012 5128 11140
N of Miss 32 32 22 36 33 13 86 82 168
Table 4.23: Have you been in trouble with the police?

Never 78.7 68.8 61.5 57.9 60.7 64.6 69.7 60.7 65.5 -
Seldom 12.2 16.6 20.8 20.7 22.0 21.6 16.5 21.4 18.8 -
Sometimes 4.9 9.1 11.0 13.1 11.1 9.8 8.3 11.5 9.8 -
Often 1.9 3.1 3.5 4.5 3.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 3.1 -
A Lot 2.3 2.3 3.2 3.8 2.8 2.0 2.6 2.9 2.8 -
N of Valid 2027 1947 2036 1927 1851 1364 6010 5142 11152
N of Miss 37 28 23 32 27 9 88 68 156
Table 4.24: Do you take part in gang activities?

Never 90.9 87.3 84.4 81.2 86.4 89.2 87.6 85.2 86.5 -
Seldom 3.8 5.9 6.5 7.9 5.8 4.6 5.4 6.2 5.8 -
Sometimes 2.6 3.7 4.4 4.8 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.7 -
Often 0.9 1.1 1.6 2.2 1.6 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.4 -
A Lot 1.7 1.9 3.0 3.9 2.9 2.4 2.2 3.2 2.7 -
N of Valid 2006 1916 2025 1913 1836 1356 5947 5105 11052
N of Miss 58 59 34 46 42 17 151 105 256

Table 4.25: Have you thought about committing suicide?

Never 82.0 80.8 73.6 71.5 72.4 76.1 78.7 73.1 76.1 -
Seldom 8.3 9.1 12.1 12.3 12.6 11.1 9.9 12.1 10.9 -
Sometimes 5.6 5.5 7.8 8.7 7.7 7.7 6.3 8.1 7.2 -
Often 1.8 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.5 -
A Lot 2.2 2.3 3.9 4.3 4.2 2.8 2.8 3.9 3.3 -
N of Valid 1970 1926 2023 1911 1843 1358 5919 5112 11031
N of Miss 94 49 36 48 35 15 179 98 277
Table 4.26: Do your friends use tobacco (cigarettes, etc.)?

Never 83.2 66.1 50.0 34.6 33.0 30.7 66.5 33.0 51.0 -
Seldom 6.1 11.0 16.3 16.6 16.5 17.0 11.1 16.7 13.7 -
Sometimes 5.1 11.5 17.3 22.1 24.1 23.5 11.3 23.2 16.8 -
Often 2.7 6.2 7.4 12.3 11.7 15.2 5.4 12.9 8.9 -
A Lot 2.9 5.1 9.0 14.4 14.6 13.6 5.7 14.3 9.7 -
N of Valid 2014 1925 2009 1918 1849 1356 5948 5123 11071
N of Miss 50 50 50 41 29 17 150 87 237
Table 4.27: Do your friends use alcohol (beer, liquor, etc.)?

Never 81.2 63.2 42.7 26.2 22.0 19.7 62.3 23.0 44.1 -
Seldom 7.4 12.6 17.7 16.6 15.6 17.0 12.6 16.3 14.3 -
Sometimes 6.2 12.6 19.8 25.4 29.8 25.9 12.9 27.1 19.5 -
Often 2.4 5.7 9.3 14.4 15.7 19.1 5.8 16.1 10.6 -
A Lot 2.8 5.8 10.6 17.4 17.0 18.3 6.4 17.5 11.5 -
N of Valid 2008 1923 2008 1915 1844 1356 5939 5115 11054
N of Miss 56 52 51 44 34 17 159 95 254

Table 4.28: Do your friends use marijuana (pot, hash, etc.)?

Never 89.0 73.4 55.0 39.3 36.9 37.8 72.4 38.0 56.5 -
Seldom 4.3 8.3 13.2 13.8 14.6 14.4 8.6 14.3 11.2 -
Sometimes 2.7 7.7 13.6 17.8 20.1 17.6 8.0 18.6 12.9 -
Often 1.4 4.8 7.2 10.6 11.1 13.8 4.5 11.6 7.8 -
A Lot 2.6 5.8 11.1 18.5 17.3 16.3 6.5 17.5 11.6 -
N of Valid 1983 1906 1984 1901 1828 1344 5873 5073 10946
N of Miss 81 69 75 58 50 29 225 137 362
Table 4.29: Have you had 5 or more glasses of beer, coolers, breezers or liquor within a few hours?
Never 93.4 87.5 80.4 72.6 71.4 71.1 87.1 71.8 80.0 -
Seldom 3.0 4.9 7.4 8.9 9.0 9.8 5.1 9.1 7.0 -
Sometimes 1.9 3.5 5.2 8.0 9.1 9.8 3.6 8.9 6.0 -
Often 0.4 2.0 3.1 4.2 4.4 4.0 1.9 4.2 2.9 -
A Lot 1.2 2.0 3.9 6.4 6.2 5.3 2.4 6.0 4.1 -
N of Valid 2003 1919 2012 1909 1831 1348 5934 5088 11022
N of Miss 61 56 47 50 47 25 164 122 286
Table 4.30: Does your school ask any students to take a drug test?
Yes 9.7 11.4 12.3 34.0 33.5 34.0 11.1 33.8 21.8 -
No 90.3 88.6 87.7 66.0 66.5 66.0 88.9 66.2 78.2 -
N of Valid 1853 1857 1964 1873 1814 1345 5674 5032 10706
N of Miss 211 118 95 86 64 28 424 178 602

Table 4.31: Do you think that you are overweight?

Yes 28.1 27.0 29.2 27.5 29.7 30.4 28.1 29.1 28.6 -
No 71.9 73.0 70.8 72.5 70.3 69.6 71.9 70.9 71.4 -
N of Valid 1960 1909 2006 1897 1838 1357 5875 5092 10967
N of Miss 104 66 53 62 40 16 223 118 341
Table 4.32: Has a doctor told you that you are overweight?
Yes 11.9 11.8 13.1 13.7 14.5 15.8 12.3 14.5 13.3 -
No 88.1 88.2 86.9 86.3 85.5 84.2 87.7 85.5 86.7 -
N of Valid 1963 1912 2008 1888 1836 1356 5883 5080 10963
N of Miss 101 63 51 71 42 17 215 130 345
Table 4.33: Have you bought or sold drugs AT school?

Yes 1.7 3.2 5.6 11.1 10.1 7.9 3.5 9.9 6.4 -
No 98.3 96.8 94.4 88.9 89.9 92.1 96.5 90.1 93.6 -
N of Valid 1980 1920 2017 1887 1837 1347 5917 5071 10988
N of Miss 84 55 42 72 41 26 181 139 320
Table 4.34: Have you bought or sold drugs when NOT at school?
Yes 2.4 5.9 12.0 15.8 16.8 14.2 6.8 15.8 11.0 -
No 97.6 94.1 88.0 84.2 83.2 85.8 93.2 84.2 89.0 -
N of Valid 1960 1898 1990 1881 1828 1348 5848 5057 10905
N of Miss 104 77 69 78 50 25 250 153 403

Table 4.35: Have you carried a gun for protection or as a weapon when NOT at school in the past year?
Yes 6.2 8.6 11.6 11.8 9.3 8.4 8.8 10.0 9.4 -
No 93.8 91.4 88.4 88.2 90.7 91.6 91.2 90.0 90.6 -
N of Valid 1991 1919 2013 1898 1840 1351 5923 5089 11012
N of Miss 73 56 46 61 38 22 175 121 296

4.3 Within The Past Year How Often Have You...
Table 4.36: Within the past year how often have you smoked cigarettes?
Do not use 94.0 87.9 82.2 77.4 78.1 76.3 88.0 77.4 83.1 -
Once/year 3.3 5.0 7.1 6.4 6.9 6.9 5.1 6.7 5.9 -
6 times/year 0.6 1.5 2.3 2.7 2.5 3.6 1.4 2.9 2.1 -
Once/month 0.1 1.0 1.8 2.6 1.6 1.9 1.0 2.1 1.5 -
Twice/month 0.2 0.9 1.6 1.8 2.3 1.8 0.9 2.0 1.4 -
Once/week 0.3 1.5 2.0 2.4 2.4 3.0 1.3 2.6 1.9 -
3 times/week 0.4 1.3 1.9 2.7 2.1 2.4 1.2 2.4 1.8 -
Every day 0.9 1.0 1.0 3.8 4.1 4.2 1.0 4.0 2.4 -
N of Valid 2005 1930 2003 1892 1839 1339 5938 5070 11008
N of Miss 59 45 56 67 39 34 160 140 300
Table 4.37: Within the past year how often have you used smokeless tobacco?
Do not use 98.3 96.8 95.8 91.6 93.9 93.6 97.0 93.0 95.1 -
Once/year 0.5 1.2 1.3 2.2 2.2 2.6 1.0 2.3 1.6 -
6 times/year 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.6 -
Once/month 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 -
Twice/month 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.7 0.4 -
Once/week 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.5 -
3 times/week 0.0 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 -
Every day 0.6 0.4 0.6 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.5 1.4 1.0 -
N of Valid 2008 1925 2005 1894 1840 1341 5938 5075 11013
N of Miss 56 50 54 65 38 32 160 135 295

Table 4.38: Within the past year how often have you smoked cigars?
Do not use 96.1 92.3 87.8 84.4 85.1 87.0 92.1 85.3 89.0 -
Once/year 2.3 3.2 4.8 4.7 5.9 5.0 3.4 5.2 4.3 -
6 times/year 0.3 0.6 1.3 2.3 1.7 2.3 0.7 2.1 1.4 -
Once/month 0.2 0.7 0.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 0.6 1.7 1.1 -
Twice/month 0.1 0.7 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.2 -
Once/week 0.1 0.6 1.4 1.8 1.4 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.0 -
3 times/week 0.2 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 -
Every day 0.6 0.8 0.9 2.1 1.4 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.2 -
N of Valid 2002 1919 1994 1881 1836 1339 5915 5056 10971
N of Miss 62 56 65 78 42 34 183 154 337
Table 4.39: Within the past year how often have you drunk beer?
Do not use 85.0 74.2 63.2 59.2 55.6 56.4 74.1 57.1 66.3 -
Once/year 9.3 13.4 16.7 13.3 15.7 14.6 13.1 14.5 13.8 -
6 times/year 1.9 4.1 5.8 7.5 8.7 8.9 4.0 8.3 6.0 -
Once/month 0.9 2.2 3.7 4.4 4.4 5.0 2.3 4.5 3.3 -
Twice/month 0.8 1.9 2.8 4.9 5.4 5.4 1.8 5.2 3.4 -
Once/week 0.8 1.9 3.9 5.7 5.4 6.3 2.2 5.8 3.8 -
3 times/week 0.5 1.7 2.3 2.6 3.0 2.1 1.5 2.6 2.0 -
Every day 0.9 0.7 1.3 2.4 2.0 1.2 1.0 1.9 1.4 -
N of Valid 1992 1920 2004 1881 1827 1331 5916 5039 10955
N of Miss 72 55 55 78 51 42 182 171 353

Table 4.40: Within the past year how often have you drunk coolers, breezers, etc.?
Do not use 88.1 77.6 67.0 60.5 56.5 55.7 77.5 57.8 68.4 -
Once/year 6.4 11.1 14.1 14.3 15.1 15.8 10.6 15.0 12.6 -
6 times/year 1.7 3.6 6.3 7.6 9.1 9.2 3.9 8.5 6.0 -
Once/month 0.8 2.2 3.7 4.5 5.8 6.3 2.2 5.4 3.7 -
Twice/month 0.5 1.9 2.6 4.0 5.4 4.9 1.7 4.7 3.1 -
Once/week 0.6 1.5 2.6 4.6 4.2 5.2 1.6 4.6 2.9 -
3 times/week 0.9 1.0 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.7 -
Every day 1.2 1.1 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5 -
N of Valid 1986 1914 2002 1884 1830 1339 5902 5053 10955
N of Miss 78 61 57 75 48 34 196 157 353
Table 4.41: Within the past year how often have you drunk liquor?
Do not use 89.8 82.3 68.6 60.8 56.4 54.7 80.2 57.6 69.8 -
Once/year 6.5 9.0 14.6 14.7 15.1 16.3 10.1 15.3 12.5 -
6 times/year 1.1 2.4 4.9 5.8 8.1 9.0 2.8 7.5 5.0 -
Once/month 0.7 1.9 3.5 4.2 5.8 5.5 2.1 5.1 3.5 -
Twice/month 0.4 1.2 3.0 4.7 5.9 6.3 1.6 5.5 3.4 -
Once/week 0.3 1.7 2.2 4.7 4.6 5.4 1.4 4.8 3.0 -
3 times/week 0.2 1.0 1.9 2.7 2.2 1.2 1.0 2.1 1.5 -
Every day 0.9 0.5 1.0 2.3 1.9 1.6 0.8 2.0 1.3 -
N of Valid 2006 1923 2001 1885 1831 1340 5930 5056 10986
N of Miss 58 52 58 74 47 33 168 154 322

Table 4.42: Within the past year how often have you smoked marijuana?
Do not use 96.0 89.5 83.0 76.4 74.9 76.1 89.5 75.8 83.2 -
Once/year 1.7 3.5 5.2 5.7 6.5 6.1 3.5 6.1 4.7 -
6 times/year 0.3 1.1 1.4 2.4 3.7 4.0 0.9 3.3 2.0 -
Once/month 0.2 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 3.0 1.0 2.0 1.5 -
Twice/month 0.4 0.8 2.3 2.1 2.9 2.3 1.2 2.5 1.8 -
Once/week 0.2 1.0 1.7 2.7 3.1 2.4 1.0 2.8 1.8 -
3 times/week 0.2 1.5 2.6 3.2 3.3 2.1 1.4 2.9 2.1 -
Every day 0.9 1.4 2.1 5.8 3.9 4.0 1.5 4.6 2.9 -
N of Valid 2010 1922 2003 1887 1835 1337 5935 5059 10994
N of Miss 54 53 56 72 43 36 163 151 314
Table 4.43: Within the past year how often have you used cocaine?
Do not use 98.5 96.7 94.6 92.0 91.9 92.8 96.6 92.1 94.6 -
Once/year 0.4 1.0 2.0 2.6 2.8 2.2 1.1 2.6 1.8 -
6 times/year 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.8 0.6 -
Once/month 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.5 -
Twice/month 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 -
Once/week 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.5 -
3 times/week 0.0 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 -
Every day 0.6 0.2 1.0 2.0 1.2 1.5 0.6 1.6 1.0 -
N of Valid 2008 1920 1999 1890 1836 1339 5927 5065 10992
N of Miss 56 55 60 69 42 34 171 145 316

Table 4.44: Within the past year how often have you used uppers?
Do not use 98.3 97.4 96.4 93.2 93.2 93.2 97.4 93.2 95.4 -
Once/year 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.9 0.9 1.5 1.2 -
6 times/year 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.4 -
Once/month 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 -
Twice/month 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.5 -
Once/week 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.5 -
3 times/week 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 -
Every day 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.9 1.3 1.6 0.7 1.6 1.1 -
N of Valid 1952 1909 1996 1886 1836 1337 5857 5059 10916
N of Miss 112 66 63 73 42 36 241 151 392
Table 4.45: Within the past year how often have you used downers?
Do not use 98.2 97.3 95.9 93.5 92.9 93.7 97.1 93.3 95.4 -
Once/year 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.2 -
6 times/year 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.5 -
Once/month 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.5 -
Twice/month 0.1 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.5 -
Once/week 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 -
3 times/week 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 -
Every day 0.8 0.3 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.7 0.7 1.5 1.1 -
N of Valid 1944 1908 1997 1888 1837 1340 5849 5065 10914
N of Miss 120 67 62 71 41 33 249 145 394

Table 4.46: Within the past year how often have you used inhalants?
Do not use 95.4 95.9 94.3 93.5 95.0 95.7 95.2 94.6 94.9 -
Once/year 2.2 1.8 2.3 1.1 1.7 1.4 2.1 1.4 1.8 -
6 times/year 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 -
Once/month 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 -
Twice/month 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 -
Once/week 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 -
3 times/week 0.1 0.5 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 -
Every day 0.9 0.4 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 -
N of Valid 1947 1906 1998 1891 1836 1339 5851 5066 10917
N of Miss 117 69 61 68 42 34 247 144 391
Table 4.47: Within the past year how often have you used hallucinogens?
Do not use 98.5 98.3 97.4 93.9 95.5 95.1 98.1 94.8 96.6 -
Once/year 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.5 0.5 1.2 0.8 -
6 times/year 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.3 -
Once/month 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.3 -
Twice/month 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 -
Once/week 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.4 -
3 times/week 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 -
Every day 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.3 0.6 1.2 0.9 -
N of Valid 1921 1903 1989 1888 1837 1339 5813 5064 10877
N of Miss 143 72 70 71 41 34 285 146 431

Table 4.48: Within the past year how often have you used heroin?
Do not use 98.4 97.1 96.7 94.3 96.5 96.6 97.4 95.7 96.6 -
Once/year 0.6 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 -
6 times/year 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 -
Once/month 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 -
Twice/month 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 -
Once/week 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 -
3 times/week 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 -
Every day 0.8 0.3 0.9 1.7 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.0 -
N of Valid 1956 1908 2000 1891 1838 1338 5864 5067 10931
N of Miss 108 67 59 68 40 35 234 143 377
Table 4.49: Within the past year how often have you used anabolic steroids?
Do not use 98.3 98.1 97.8 95.9 97.6 97.5 98.1 96.9 97.6 -
Once/year 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.7 -
6 times/year 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 -
Once/month 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 -
Twice/month 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 -
Once/week 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 -
3 times/week 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 -
Every day 0.8 0.4 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.8 -
N of Valid 1970 1912 1996 1890 1837 1338 5878 5065 10943
N of Miss 94 63 63 69 41 35 220 145 365

Table 4.50: Within the past year how often have you used ecstasy?
Do not use 98.4 97.4 97.0 92.8 93.5 93.4 97.6 93.2 95.6 -
Once/year 0.4 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.9 2.2 0.8 1.9 1.3 -
6 times/year 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.2 1.1 0.6 -
Once/month 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.5 -
Twice/month 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.4 -
Once/week 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.3 -
3 times/week 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 -
Every day 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.8 0.9 1.2 0.6 1.3 0.9 -
N of Valid 1919 1895 1990 1889 1837 1338 5804 5064 10868
N of Miss 145 80 69 70 41 35 294 146 440
Table 4.51: Within the past year how often have you used OxyContin?
Do not use 98.5 98.4 98.3 95.2 96.7 96.2 98.4 96.0 97.3 -
Once/year 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.6 -
6 times/year 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.3 -
Once/month 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.3 -
Twice/month 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 -
Once/week 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 -
3 times/week 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 -
Every day 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.2 0.9 -
N of Valid 1911 1893 1987 1890 1837 1340 5791 5067 10858
N of Miss 153 82 72 69 41 33 307 143 450

Table 4.52: Within the past year how often have you used meth?
Do not use 97.3 96.0 95.5 94.8 96.1 96.3 96.3 95.7 96.0 -
Once/year 1.0 1.8 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.4 -
6 times/year 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 -
Once/month 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 -
Twice/month 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 -
Once/week 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 -
3 times/week 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 -
Every day 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1 -
N of Valid 1938 1897 1996 1888 1835 1337 5831 5060 10891
N of Miss 126 78 63 71 43 36 267 150 417
Table 4.53: Within the past year how often have you used any tobacco?
Do not use 93.0 86.7 80.0 74.4 75.0 73.0 86.6 74.3 80.9 -
Once/year 4.0 5.6 7.7 7.2 8.3 8.4 5.8 7.9 6.8 -
6 times/year 0.6 1.6 2.8 3.3 2.7 4.2 1.7 3.3 2.4 -
Once/month 0.3 1.0 1.7 2.6 1.7 2.0 1.0 2.1 1.5 -
Twice/month 0.3 0.9 2.2 2.3 3.0 2.2 1.1 2.6 1.8 -
Once/week 0.4 1.3 2.1 2.5 2.6 3.1 1.3 2.7 1.9 -
3 times/week 0.4 1.7 2.2 3.1 2.2 2.6 1.4 2.7 2.0 -
Every day 0.9 1.2 1.2 4.5 4.4 4.5 1.1 4.5 2.7 -
N of Valid 2015 1933 2009 1899 1843 1342 5957 5084 11041
N of Miss 49 42 50 60 35 31 141 126 267

Table 4.54: Within the past year how often have you used any alcohol?
Do not use 79.0 66.5 54.0 47.4 42.8 41.8 66.5 44.2 56.3 -
Once/year 12.4 17.4 20.0 18.3 19.5 20.0 16.6 19.2 17.8 -
6 times/year 2.4 5.3 8.4 9.6 11.6 12.0 5.4 10.9 7.9 -
Once/month 1.4 2.9 4.8 5.5 5.9 7.1 3.1 6.1 4.5 -
Twice/month 1.1 2.5 3.3 5.6 7.3 7.2 2.3 6.7 4.3 -
Once/week 0.9 2.2 4.6 6.6 6.7 7.5 2.6 6.9 4.6 -
3 times/week 1.2 1.9 3.1 3.7 3.6 2.5 2.1 3.3 2.7 -
Every day 1.4 1.3 1.8 3.2 2.6 2.0 1.5 2.6 2.0 -
N of Valid 2012 1930 2008 1897 1840 1342 5950 5079 11029
N of Miss 52 45 51 62 38 31 148 131 279
Table 4.55: Within the past year how often have you used any illicit drug?
Do not use 91.0 85.5 78.5 73.4 71.9 72.9 85.0 72.7 79.3 -
Once/year 4.1 5.5 7.2 6.4 7.6 7.6 5.6 7.1 6.3 -
6 times/year 0.7 1.5 2.3 3.1 3.9 3.7 1.5 3.5 2.4 -
Once/month 0.6 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.9 1.2 1.9 1.5 -
Twice/month 0.4 0.9 2.7 2.1 3.2 2.6 1.3 2.6 1.9 -
Once/week 0.8 1.3 1.9 2.8 3.4 2.6 1.3 3.0 2.1 -
3 times/week 0.4 1.9 2.7 3.5 3.7 2.2 1.7 3.3 2.4 -
Every day 1.9 2.1 3.0 7.2 4.8 5.4 2.4 5.8 4.0 -
N of Valid 2013 1927 2011 1895 1841 1341 5951 5077 11028
N of Miss 51 48 48 64 37 32 147 133 280

4.4 What Effect Do You Most Often Get When You Use
Table 4.56: What effect do you most often get when you drink beer?
Do Not Use 85.7 75.7 64.0 60.2 57.6 59.2 75.1 59.0 67.7 -
No High 8.8 15.9 22.8 20.1 20.0 18.5 15.8 19.6 17.6 -
A Little High 3.7 6.6 9.5 12.1 15.2 15.5 6.6 14.1 10.1 -
Very High 0.8 1.0 2.1 4.3 4.0 4.0 1.3 4.1 2.6 -
Bombed/Stoned 1.0 0.8 1.6 3.3 3.3 2.8 1.1 3.2 2.1 -
N of Valid 2020 1946 2028 1918 1847 1354 5994 5119 11113
N of Miss 44 29 31 41 31 19 104 91 195
Table 4.57: What effect do you most often get when you drink wine coolers?
Do Not Use 89.4 79.7 69.4 63.6 58.3 59.6 79.5 60.6 70.8 -
No High 6.6 14.0 20.1 21.9 23.8 23.4 13.6 23.0 17.9 -
A Little High 2.6 4.9 7.3 9.5 13.1 13.0 4.9 11.7 8.1 -
Very High 0.5 0.8 1.9 2.7 2.7 2.2 1.1 2.6 1.8 -
Bombed/Stoned 0.9 0.6 1.2 2.3 2.1 1.8 0.9 2.1 1.5 -
N of Valid 2017 1935 2025 1914 1843 1353 5977 5110 11087
N of Miss 47 40 34 45 35 20 121 100 221
Table 4.58: What effect do you most often get when you drink liquor?
Do Not Use 89.9 83.4 70.9 62.5 57.2 56.7 81.3 59.0 71.1 -
No High 5.0 8.7 13.6 12.7 12.6 13.0 9.1 12.8 10.8 -
A Little High 2.8 4.8 9.2 13.0 14.8 13.5 5.6 13.7 9.4 -
Very High 1.2 1.8 4.2 6.9 9.2 10.6 2.4 8.7 5.3 -
Bombed/Stoned 1.1 1.3 2.2 5.0 6.2 6.3 1.5 5.7 3.5 -
N of Valid 2017 1935 2020 1915 1836 1352 5972 5103 11075
N of Miss 47 40 39 44 42 21 126 107 233

Table 4.59: What effect do you most often get when you smoke marijuana?
Do Not Use 95.3 89.2 82.7 75.9 74.5 76.1 89.1 75.4 82.8 -
No High 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.4 2.3 2.9 1.4 2.5 1.9 -
A Little High 1.2 3.5 4.5 6.2 6.4 5.0 3.0 6.0 4.4 -
Very High 1.3 3.1 5.3 6.3 7.4 8.1 3.2 7.2 5.1 -
Bombed/Stoned 1.2 2.7 5.8 9.2 9.5 7.9 3.2 9.0 5.9 -
N of Valid 2021 1933 2022 1915 1840 1350 5976 5105 11081
N of Miss 43 42 37 44 38 23 122 105 227

4.5 Do You Feel The Following Are Harmful To Your Health?
Table 4.60: Do you feel that using cigarettes is harmful to your health?
No harm 18.7 16.8 12.0 17.7 12.6 12.1 15.8 14.4 15.1 -
Some harm 8.2 13.3 14.0 13.1 13.0 9.9 11.8 12.2 12.0 -
Harmful 21.8 24.8 26.2 23.1 22.4 21.9 24.3 22.5 23.5 -
Very harmful 51.4 45.0 47.8 46.2 51.9 56.1 48.1 50.9 49.4 -
N of Valid 1957 1916 2007 1913 1850 1350 5880 5113 10993
N of Miss 107 59 52 46 28 23 218 97 315
Table 4.61: Do you feel that using smokeless tobacco is harmful to your health?
No harm 20.5 17.7 12.8 18.4 13.4 12.1 16.9 15.0 16.0 -
Some harm 8.0 12.3 12.3 13.0 11.8 10.1 10.9 11.8 11.3 -
Harmful 20.3 23.1 23.4 22.9 22.5 22.7 22.3 22.7 22.5 -
Very harmful 51.3 46.8 51.5 45.6 52.3 55.0 49.9 50.5 50.2 -
N of Valid 1946 1910 2010 1914 1846 1350 5866 5110 10976
N of Miss 118 65 49 45 32 23 232 100 332
Table 4.62: Do you feel that using cigars is harmful to your health?
No harm 19.8 18.0 12.7 18.5 13.9 12.6 16.8 15.3 16.1 -
Some harm 9.2 15.4 15.8 15.9 15.6 13.2 13.4 15.0 14.2 -
Harmful 21.3 23.4 25.9 23.6 24.5 23.7 23.6 23.9 23.7 -
Very harmful 49.7 43.2 45.7 42.0 46.1 50.5 46.2 45.7 46.0 -
N of Valid 1944 1906 2005 1905 1839 1346 5855 5090 10945
N of Miss 120 69 54 54 39 27 243 120 363

Table 4.63: Do you feel that using beer is harmful to your health?
No harm 21.6 20.9 17.6 22.3 16.4 14.9 20.0 18.2 19.2 -
Some harm 23.1 28.0 34.2 31.9 34.1 30.9 28.5 32.4 30.3 -
Harmful 20.9 22.1 20.7 21.0 22.6 24.5 21.2 22.5 21.8 -
Very harmful 34.4 29.1 27.5 24.8 27.0 29.7 30.3 26.9 28.7 -
N of Valid 1956 1895 2007 1910 1844 1345 5858 5099 10957
N of Miss 108 80 52 49 34 28 240 111 351
Table 4.64: Do you feel that using coolers, breezers, etc. is harmful to your health?
No harm 22.6 24.3 21.1 27.0 23.8 21.7 22.7 24.4 23.5 -
Some harm 19.1 23.9 29.5 30.3 34.4 32.7 24.2 32.4 28.0 -
Harmful 19.2 19.9 21.0 18.4 18.3 19.6 20.0 18.7 19.4 -
Very harmful 39.1 31.9 28.4 24.3 23.5 26.0 33.1 24.5 29.1 -
N of Valid 1936 1896 2006 1903 1845 1346 5838 5094 10932
N of Miss 128 79 53 56 33 27 260 116 376
Table 4.65: Do you feel that using liquor is harmful to your health?
No harm 20.1 18.5 15.4 21.3 14.8 13.8 18.0 17.0 17.5 -
Some harm 13.0 19.1 24.5 24.7 27.8 21.9 18.9 25.1 21.8 -
Harmful 20.9 23.9 25.2 24.1 24.7 27.8 23.3 25.3 24.2 -
Very harmful 46.1 38.5 34.9 29.9 32.7 36.4 39.8 32.7 36.5 -
N of Valid 1950 1907 2007 1910 1844 1345 5864 5099 10963
N of Miss 114 68 52 49 34 28 234 111 345

Table 4.66: Do you feel that using marijuana is harmful to your health?
No harm 18.7 17.1 15.1 25.6 21.2 19.8 17.0 22.5 19.5 -
Some harm 2.9 6.8 9.4 12.7 14.7 16.5 6.4 14.4 10.1 -
Harmful 7.2 11.3 15.0 15.0 16.3 16.5 11.2 15.9 13.4 -
Very harmful 71.1 64.7 60.6 46.7 47.8 47.2 65.4 47.2 57.0 -
N of Valid 1948 1907 2003 1906 1838 1348 5858 5092 10950
N of Miss 116 68 56 53 40 25 240 118 358
Table 4.67: Do you feel that using any tobacco is harmful to your health?
No harm 17.7 14.6 10.1 15.5 11.2 10.3 14.1 12.6 13.4 -
Some harm 4.1 8.3 8.4 9.6 8.9 6.6 6.9 8.5 7.7 -
Harmful 17.5 23.0 23.0 21.8 20.2 19.5 21.2 20.6 20.9 -
Very harmful 60.7 54.0 58.5 53.2 59.8 63.7 57.8 58.3 58.0 -
N of Valid 1962 1919 2013 1917 1852 1352 5894 5121 11015
N of Miss 102 56 46 42 26 21 204 89 293
Table 4.68: How much do you think people risk harming themselves (physically or in other ways) if they take one or two drinks of an alcoholic beverage (beer,
wine, liquor) nearly every day?
No Risk 8.9 7.1 6.6 9.9 7.6 5.4 7.5 7.9 7.7 -
Slight Risk 13.2 17.2 18.3 17.7 17.3 14.2 16.3 16.6 16.4 -
Moderate Risk 26.0 30.3 33.8 35.0 34.4 35.1 30.1 34.8 32.3 -
Great Risk 51.9 45.4 41.2 37.4 40.6 45.3 46.1 40.7 43.6 -
N of Valid 1852 1816 1935 1801 1783 1321 5603 4905 10508
N of Miss 212 159 124 158 95 52 495 305 800

4.6 At What Age Did You First...
Table 4.69: At what age did you first smoke cigarettes?

Never used 91.1 86.2 78.0 73.5 71.5 69.8 85.1 71.8 79.0 -
10 or under 4.3 4.6 6.0 5.6 4.7 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.0 -
11 2.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.2 2.1 3.4 3.1 3.3 -
12 1.3 3.4 4.6 4.0 4.1 2.3 3.1 3.6 3.3 -
13 0.1 1.4 4.9 5.8 4.6 3.7 2.1 4.8 3.4 -
14 0.0 0.1 1.8 4.6 4.5 4.3 0.6 4.5 2.4 -
15 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.8 5.3 6.1 0.1 4.2 2.0 -
16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.3 5.5 0.0 2.1 1.0 -
17 or older 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.6 0.5 0.9 0.7 -
N of Valid 2020 1914 2008 1894 1837 1339 5942 5070 11012
N of Miss 44 61 51 65 41 34 156 140 296
Table 4.70: At what age did you first use smokeless tobacco?
Never used 97.2 96.3 94.7 90.9 92.7 92.2 96.1 91.9 94.1 -
10 or under 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.3 -
11 0.5 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 -
12 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.8 -
13 0.0 0.5 1.4 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 -
14 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.9 1.3 0.6 0.2 1.3 0.7 -
15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.6 1.8 0.0 1.5 0.7 -
16 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.8 1.2 0.1 0.7 0.4 -
17 or older 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.5 -
N of Valid 2016 1914 2005 1889 1831 1340 5935 5060 10995
N of Miss 48 61 54 70 47 33 163 150 313

Table 4.71: At what age did you first smoke cigars?

Never used 95.0 91.8 86.8 83.3 82.8 85.1 91.2 83.6 87.7 -
10 or under 2.0 2.1 2.6 2.9 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2 -
11 1.3 2.0 2.5 2.2 1.2 0.8 1.9 1.5 1.7 -
12 0.8 2.6 2.8 2.7 1.4 1.2 2.1 1.8 2.0 -
13 0.1 1.0 3.4 3.3 3.3 1.2 1.5 2.7 2.1 -
14 0.0 0.1 1.2 3.4 2.8 2.2 0.5 2.9 1.6 -
15 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.5 4.5 4.0 0.1 3.3 1.6 -
16 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 1.3 2.5 0.1 1.2 0.6 -
17 or older 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.6 -
N of Valid 2013 1910 1993 1876 1828 1336 5916 5040 10956
N of Miss 51 65 66 83 50 37 182 170 352
Table 4.72: At what age did you first drink beer?

Never used 82.1 71.6 59.3 55.3 51.1 50.4 71.0 52.5 62.5 -
10 or under 9.1 9.7 11.4 9.0 7.7 5.7 10.1 7.6 8.9 -
11 5.4 7.3 7.4 4.5 3.1 1.9 6.7 3.3 5.1 -
12 1.9 6.0 8.5 6.8 5.3 3.2 5.5 5.3 5.4 -
13 0.6 4.2 8.7 10.6 8.8 5.4 4.5 8.6 6.4 -
14 0.0 0.7 3.5 8.6 9.5 7.7 1.4 8.7 4.8 -
15 0.0 0.0 0.6 3.8 10.4 12.3 0.2 8.4 4.0 -
16 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 2.8 9.2 0.1 3.8 1.8 -
17 or older 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 1.3 4.2 0.5 1.7 1.1 -
N of Valid 2004 1902 1998 1881 1825 1336 5904 5042 10946
N of Miss 60 73 61 78 53 37 194 168 362

Table 4.73: At what age did you first drink coolers, breezers, etc.?
Never used 88.6 79.5 67.8 60.7 55.3 54.1 78.6 57.0 68.7 -
10 or under 4.1 5.3 5.9 5.4 4.8 3.2 5.1 4.6 4.9 -
11 3.8 5.9 5.9 4.7 2.8 2.1 5.2 3.3 4.3 -
12 2.4 5.3 8.5 6.5 5.5 2.9 5.4 5.2 5.3 -
13 0.3 3.2 8.2 9.4 7.0 5.6 3.9 7.5 5.6 -
14 0.1 0.4 2.6 8.2 9.8 7.6 1.0 8.6 4.5 -
15 0.0 0.1 0.6 4.0 11.0 11.8 0.2 8.6 4.1 -
16 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.7 2.9 9.2 0.1 3.7 1.8 -
17 or older 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.0 3.5 0.4 1.5 0.9 -
N of Valid 2001 1897 1996 1886 1827 1332 5894 5045 10939
N of Miss 63 78 63 73 51 41 204 165 369
Table 4.74: At what age did you first drink liquor?

Never used 89.3 83.0 68.9 61.1 55.7 51.5 80.4 56.6 69.5 -
10 or under 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.3 3.2 2.8 3.6 3.5 3.6 -
11 3.8 4.2 4.7 2.9 1.5 1.0 4.2 1.9 3.2 -
12 1.9 5.1 7.2 5.0 3.8 2.9 4.7 4.0 4.4 -
13 0.6 3.4 9.8 8.7 7.6 4.9 4.6 7.3 5.8 -
14 0.0 0.2 4.1 11.0 9.9 7.2 1.5 9.6 5.2 -
15 0.0 0.1 0.8 5.3 12.8 12.3 0.3 9.8 4.7 -
16 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.0 4.5 12.5 0.1 5.3 2.5 -
17 or older 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.1 5.0 0.5 2.0 1.2 -
N of Valid 2010 1905 2003 1889 1827 1328 5918 5044 10962
N of Miss 54 70 56 70 51 45 180 166 346

Table 4.75: At what age did you first smoke marijuana?

Never used 95.7 89.5 82.4 75.5 72.1 73.0 89.2 73.6 82.0 -
10 or under 1.4 1.5 2.2 3.1 1.9 1.5 1.7 2.2 1.9 -
11 1.2 2.3 3.0 2.6 1.6 1.1 2.1 1.8 2.0 -
12 0.8 4.2 3.7 3.7 2.5 2.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 -
13 0.2 1.9 5.5 6.1 5.0 3.0 2.5 4.9 3.6 -
14 0.1 0.4 2.6 5.0 6.6 4.1 1.0 5.3 3.0 -
15 0.1 0.0 0.4 2.5 7.2 6.9 0.2 5.4 2.6 -
16 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.7 2.2 6.4 0.1 2.8 1.3 -
17 or older 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 2.0 0.3 1.1 0.7 -
N of Valid 2011 1908 1999 1886 1830 1332 5918 5048 10966
N of Miss 53 67 60 73 48 41 180 162 342
Table 4.76: At what age did you first use cocaine?

Never used 98.0 96.8 94.9 91.5 92.0 91.8 96.6 91.8 94.4 -
10 or under 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.9 -
11 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 -
12 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 -
13 0.1 0.7 1.6 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 -
14 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.7 1.7 0.8 0.2 1.5 0.8 -
15 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.6 2.6 2.2 0.1 2.1 1.0 -
16 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.2 1.9 0.1 1.0 0.5 -
17 or older 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 -
N of Valid 2009 1909 2003 1888 1831 1336 5921 5055 10976
N of Miss 55 66 56 71 47 37 177 155 332

Table 4.77: At what age did you first use meth?

Never used 97.4 96.9 96.2 94.3 96.1 96.1 96.8 95.4 96.2 -
10 or under 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 -
11 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 -
12 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 -
13 0.1 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 -
14 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 -
15 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.4 -
16 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.2 -
17 or older 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 -
N of Valid 1995 1902 1999 1890 1827 1337 5896 5054 10950
N of Miss 69 73 60 69 51 36 202 156 358
Table 4.78: At what age did you first use other illegal drugs?
Never used 97.6 95.3 93.2 89.9 91.0 90.6 95.4 90.5 93.1 -
10 or under 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 -
11 0.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.8 -
12 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.8 -
13 0.0 0.9 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.7 1.3 -
14 0.0 0.1 0.9 1.9 2.3 1.4 0.4 1.9 1.1 -
15 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.3 2.1 1.9 0.1 1.7 0.8 -
16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 1.9 0.0 0.9 0.4 -
17 or older 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 -
N of Valid 2013 1907 2003 1888 1828 1333 5923 5049 10972
N of Miss 51 68 56 71 50 40 175 161 336

4.7 Where Do You Usually Use...
Table 4.79: Where do you usually smoke cigarettes?

Do not use 89.8 84.1 79.7 75.8 76.1 75.4 84.5 75.8 80.5 -
At home 2.6 3.4 4.6 6.7 6.1 6.3 3.5 6.4 4.8 -
At school 0.7 0.7 0.5 2.1 2.8 2.3 0.7 2.4 1.5 -
In a car 0.8 1.5 1.9 4.0 5.5 7.9 1.4 5.6 3.3 -
Friend’s house 2.7 5.3 7.5 8.1 9.9 9.5 5.2 9.1 7.0 -
Other 3.7 5.7 8.8 9.6 9.4 10.9 6.1 9.9 7.8 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4.80: Where do you usually use smokeless tobacco?

Do not use 94.9 92.6 92.2 88.5 90.9 90.9 93.2 90.0 91.7 -
At home 0.9 0.7 1.1 2.2 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.7 1.2 -
At school 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.9 -
In a car 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.5 1.1 0.8 -
Friend’s house 0.6 1.2 1.6 2.7 2.3 1.5 1.1 2.2 1.6 -
Other 1.1 1.6 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.7 1.6 2.4 2.0 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 4.81: Where do you usually smoke cigars?

Do not use 92.6 88.2 84.7 81.6 82.9 85.1 88.5 83.0 86.0 -
At home 1.7 2.1 2.9 3.9 3.5 3.2 2.2 3.6 2.9 -
At school 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.9 1.8 1.2 0.6 1.7 1.1 -
In a car 0.6 1.1 1.8 2.8 3.1 3.1 1.2 3.0 2.0 -
Friend’s house 1.4 3.4 5.3 5.9 6.1 4.4 3.4 5.6 4.4 -
Other 1.9 3.4 5.8 6.3 5.6 5.3 3.7 5.8 4.7 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4.82: Where do you usually drink beer?

Do not use 82.2 72.8 61.9 58.4 55.6 57.1 72.3 57.0 65.3 -
At home 7.5 10.2 17.3 16.1 16.0 13.2 11.7 15.3 13.3 -
At school 0.9 0.6 0.9 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.8 1.3 -
In a car 1.0 1.5 3.2 3.9 4.2 4.1 1.9 4.0 2.9 -
Friend’s house 4.1 8.8 12.7 16.6 20.7 22.4 8.5 19.6 13.6 -
Other 5.8 10.1 15.0 15.1 16.9 16.2 10.3 16.0 12.9 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4.83: Where do you usually drink coolers, breezers, etc.?

Do not use 86.6 77.7 68.1 61.5 56.9 57.3 77.5 58.7 68.8 -
At home 3.9 8.4 13.6 15.6 17.4 14.1 8.6 15.9 12.0 -
At school 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.9 1.6 1.5 0.5 1.7 1.1 -
In a car 0.6 1.0 2.3 2.8 2.8 3.2 1.3 2.9 2.0 -
Friend’s house 2.7 5.9 10.4 14.1 17.8 19.9 6.3 17.0 11.2 -
Other 4.9 6.8 11.7 11.9 14.9 15.1 7.8 13.8 10.6 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 4.84: Where do you usually drink liquor?

Do not use 87.3 81.4 69.0 61.4 56.3 55.4 79.2 58.0 69.4 -
At home 4.4 5.4 11.7 14.0 15.0 13.1 7.2 14.1 10.4 -
At school 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.3 1.8 2.5 0.7 2.2 1.4 -
In a car 0.5 1.1 2.3 3.4 3.4 3.9 1.3 3.5 2.3 -
Friend’s house 2.8 5.3 10.2 14.8 19.3 22.6 6.1 18.5 11.8 -
Other 4.4 6.1 12.2 12.8 16.8 17.3 7.6 15.4 11.2 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4.85: Where do you usually smoke marijuana?

Do not use 92.9 85.8 80.5 73.7 72.6 73.2 86.4 73.2 80.3 -
At home 1.3 1.6 3.4 6.4 6.5 6.8 2.1 6.5 4.2 -
At school 0.7 0.5 1.1 4.0 3.6 2.7 0.7 3.5 2.0 -
In a car 0.7 1.3 3.4 5.7 6.7 6.8 1.8 6.4 3.9 -
Friend’s house 1.6 5.4 8.4 11.5 14.0 14.2 5.1 13.1 8.8 -
Other 2.0 4.1 8.6 11.1 12.2 12.4 4.9 11.9 8.1 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4.86: Where do you usually use tobacco?

Do not use 95.4 93.3 93.3 90.1 92.3 92.7 94.0 91.6 92.9 -
At home 3.4 4.2 5.6 8.7 7.6 8.0 4.4 8.1 6.1 -
At school 1.0 0.9 1.0 3.7 4.1 3.1 1.0 3.7 2.2 -
In a car 0.9 1.9 2.9 5.0 6.9 9.4 1.9 6.9 4.2 -
Friend’s house 3.2 6.4 8.9 10.2 12.3 11.5 6.2 11.3 8.5 -
Other 4.2 7.0 10.4 11.6 11.5 13.3 7.2 12.0 9.4 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 4.87: Where do you usually use alcohol?

Do not use 91.8 86.3 78.0 72.6 69.2 70.1 85.3 70.7 78.6 -
At home 10.4 14.7 22.6 22.8 24.7 21.0 15.9 23.0 19.2 -
At school 1.1 0.9 1.5 3.6 2.5 3.0 1.1 3.1 2.0 -
In a car 1.1 2.1 3.8 5.3 5.4 5.5 2.3 5.4 3.7 -
Friend’s house 5.6 11.2 16.7 21.5 27.4 29.2 11.2 25.7 17.9 -
Other 9.1 13.0 19.8 19.7 22.7 22.7 14.0 21.6 17.5 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4.8 When Do You Usually Use...
Table 4.88: When do you usually smoke cigarettes?

Do not use 90.2 84.1 80.3 77.7 77.7 76.8 84.9 77.5 81.5 -
Before school 0.8 1.1 1.7 3.7 4.1 3.6 1.2 3.8 2.4 -
During school 0.9 0.4 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.2 0.7 1.5 1.0 -
After school 1.7 3.0 4.2 6.7 8.0 6.9 3.0 7.3 4.9 -
Week nights 1.6 2.8 4.1 4.8 5.9 6.6 2.8 5.7 4.1 -
Weekends 4.0 7.4 10.9 10.9 11.9 15.0 7.4 12.3 9.7 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4.89: When do you usually use smokeless tobacco?

Do not use 94.1 91.8 91.7 88.6 91.1 91.2 92.6 90.2 91.5 -
Before school 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 -
During school 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.3 0.9 -
After school 0.4 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.6 1.8 0.7 1.8 1.2 -
Week nights 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.2 -
Weekends 0.7 1.7 2.3 3.6 2.4 2.7 1.6 2.9 2.2 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 4.90: When do you usually smoke cigars?

Do not use 92.2 87.7 85.1 83.1 83.9 86.1 88.3 84.2 86.4 -
Before school 0.7 0.6 1.3 2.2 1.8 1.2 0.9 1.8 1.3 -
During school 0.8 0.2 0.6 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.8 -
After school 1.1 2.1 2.6 3.8 3.8 2.6 1.9 3.5 2.7 -
Week nights 1.3 1.7 2.9 3.9 3.2 2.9 2.0 3.4 2.6 -
Weekends 2.1 4.6 7.5 7.8 7.9 7.5 4.7 7.8 6.1 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4.91: When do you usually drink beer?

Do not use 83.6 74.4 64.5 60.5 58.1 58.9 74.2 59.2 67.3 -
Before school 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.2 -
During school 0.8 0.4 0.7 1.7 1.2 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.9 -
After school 1.7 2.8 3.4 4.9 3.4 3.0 2.7 3.9 3.2 -
Week nights 3.5 4.9 7.0 7.6 6.6 5.9 5.1 6.8 5.9 -
Weekends 8.7 16.5 25.7 28.8 33.4 34.4 16.9 32.0 23.9 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4.92: When do you usually drink coolers, breezers, etc.?

Do not use 85.9 78.1 69.0 63.3 58.7 59.1 77.7 60.5 69.8 -
Before school 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 -
During school 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 -
After school 1.5 2.4 2.1 4.1 3.0 3.1 2.0 3.5 2.7 -
Week nights 2.5 3.2 5.3 6.3 5.5 5.8 3.7 5.9 4.7 -
Weekends 6.5 13.3 22.5 27.0 33.0 32.8 14.1 30.7 21.7 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 4.93: When do you usually drink liquor?

Do not use 87.2 81.3 70.6 63.2 58.1 57.4 79.7 59.8 70.5 -
Before school 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.3 0.9 -
During school 0.8 0.3 0.7 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.3 0.9 -
After school 1.2 1.6 2.4 3.8 3.0 3.2 1.7 3.4 2.5 -
Week nights 2.2 2.5 5.3 6.1 5.1 5.3 3.4 5.5 4.4 -
Weekends 6.0 11.4 20.9 26.3 34.0 36.1 12.8 31.6 21.5 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4.94: When do you usually smoke marijuana?

Do not use 92.0 85.3 80.5 74.9 73.3 75.0 85.9 74.4 80.6 -
Before school 0.5 1.5 2.5 5.2 4.5 3.9 1.5 4.6 2.9 -
During school 0.8 0.5 0.7 3.4 2.3 2.5 0.7 2.8 1.6 -
After school 1.1 2.9 4.7 7.4 8.1 6.3 2.9 7.4 5.0 -
Week nights 0.9 2.7 5.2 7.0 7.0 7.5 2.9 7.1 4.9 -
Weekends 2.6 7.0 11.1 15.3 17.9 17.7 6.9 16.9 11.5 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4.95: When do you usually use tobacco?

Do not use 94.8 92.3 92.8 90.0 92.5 92.9 93.3 91.7 92.6 -
Before school 0.9 1.5 2.2 4.4 4.6 4.3 1.5 4.5 2.9 -
During school 0.9 0.7 1.2 3.0 2.4 2.1 0.9 2.6 1.7 -
After school 2.0 3.5 5.0 8.2 9.4 7.9 3.5 8.6 5.8 -
Week nights 2.2 3.4 5.1 6.5 7.1 7.4 3.6 6.9 5.1 -
Weekends 4.6 8.4 13.0 13.4 14.8 17.3 8.7 15.0 11.6 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 4.96: When do you usually use alcohol?

Do not use 91.0 85.8 78.5 73.5 70.2 70.9 85.1 71.6 78.9 -
Before school 1.3 1.3 1.5 2.8 1.9 1.7 1.4 2.2 1.7 -
During school 1.1 0.6 1.0 2.3 1.8 1.7 0.9 2.0 1.4 -
After school 2.5 4.0 4.1 6.6 4.8 4.8 3.5 5.5 4.4 -
Week nights 4.6 6.4 9.2 9.7 8.8 8.8 6.7 9.2 7.9 -
Weekends 12.4 21.0 32.2 37.4 43.8 44.4 21.8 41.5 30.9 -
N of Valid 2064 1975 2059 1959 1878 1373 6098 5210 11308
N of Miss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4.9 Non-Medical Use
Table 4.97: During your life, how many times have you taken a prescription drug such as Ritalin, Aadderall or Xanax without a doctor’s prescription?
0 times 94.8 93.0 92.3 89.6 88.3 90.2 93.4 89.3 91.5 -
1 or 2 times 2.4 4.0 4.0 4.2 5.3 3.6 3.5 4.4 3.9 -
3 to 9 times 1.1 1.4 1.5 2.8 2.3 1.7 1.4 2.3 1.8 -
10 to 19 times 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.1 0.8 -
20 to 39 times 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.6 -
40 or more times 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.7 2.4 0.9 1.9 1.4 -
N of Valid 1930 1834 1971 1853 1806 1322 5735 4981 10716
N of Miss 134 141 88 106 72 51 363 229 592
Table 4.98: During your life, how many times have you taken over-the-counter drugs to get high?
0 times 96.4 93.4 91.2 88.4 88.4 90.7 93.7 89.0 91.5 -
1 or 2 times 1.8 2.9 3.8 4.6 4.4 3.5 2.8 4.3 3.5 -
3 to 9 times 0.8 1.9 2.2 2.7 2.6 1.9 1.7 2.5 2.0 -
10 to 19 times 0.2 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.6 1.3 0.9 -
20 to 39 times 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.5 -
40 or more times 0.7 0.5 1.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.0 2.2 1.5 -
N of Valid 1945 1829 1973 1850 1802 1324 5747 4976 10723
N of Miss 119 146 86 109 76 49 351 234 585

Table 4.99: During the past 30 days, how many times have you taken over-the-counter drugs to get high?
0 times 97.0 95.2 94.2 91.9 93.7 94.7 95.5 93.3 94.5 -
1 or 2 times 1.4 2.0 2.6 2.9 2.3 1.5 2.0 2.3 2.2 -
3 to 9 times 0.3 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 -
10 to 19 times 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.7 -
20 to 39 times 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.3 -
40 or more times 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.8 1.4 1.1 -
N of Valid 1939 1826 1966 1843 1802 1321 5731 4966 10697
N of Miss 125 149 93 116 76 52 367 244 611

4.10 How Wrong Would Your Parents Feel It Would Be For You To...
Table 4.100: How wrong would your parents feel it would be for you to use tobacco?
Not wrong at all 5.8 6.1 4.4 10.1 6.6 6.8 5.4 8.0 6.6 -
A little bit wrong 1.8 3.0 3.0 6.3 4.9 4.8 2.6 5.4 3.9 -
Wrong 5.8 8.0 11.0 13.2 13.6 15.1 8.3 13.9 10.9 -
Very wrong 86.6 82.9 81.7 70.3 74.9 73.3 83.7 72.8 78.7 -
N of Valid 1956 1828 1973 1834 1793 1320 5757 4947 10704
N of Miss 108 147 86 125 85 53 341 263 604
Table 4.101: How wrong would your parents feel it would be for you to use alcohol?
Not wrong at all 6.5 7.6 6.0 11.8 9.1 8.7 6.7 10.0 8.2 -
Wrong 12.3 14.9 18.4 19.7 21.6 23.0 15.2 21.3 18.0 -
Very wrong 75.1 68.7 62.4 52.3 53.8 51.8 68.7 52.7 61.3 -
N of Valid 1941 1820 1969 1816 1786 1316 5730 4918 10648
N of Miss 123 155 90 143 92 57 368 292 660
Table 4.102: How wrong would your parents feel it would be for you to use marijuana?
Not wrong at all 5.9 5.9 4.1 10.8 6.7 6.3 5.3 8.1 6.6 -
Wrong 2.5 3.6 5.5 8.2 7.7 9.4 3.9 8.4 6.0 -
Very wrong 90.7 88.6 88.0 77.5 82.2 81.8 89.1 80.3 85.1 -
N of Valid 1934 1818 1965 1819 1787 1314 5717 4920 10637
N of Miss 130 157 94 140 91 59 381 290 671

4.11 How Wrong Would Your Friends Feel It Would Be For You To...
Table 4.103: How wrong would your friends feel it would be for you to use tobacco?
Not wrong at all 8.1 11.9 15.6 20.9 21.3 20.5 11.8 20.9 16.0 -
Wrong 19.5 25.7 25.4 24.4 25.6 24.0 23.5 24.7 24.1 -
Very wrong 63.7 48.1 40.2 32.5 32.6 34.1 50.7 33.0 42.5 -
N of Valid 1879 1762 1890 1755 1729 1286 5531 4770 10301
N of Miss 185 213 169 204 149 87 567 440 1007
Table 4.104: How wrong would your friends feel it would be for you to use alcohol?
Not wrong at all 11.0 18.2 24.4 32.2 34.4 34.4 17.9 33.6 25.2 -
Wrong 21.1 24.4 22.9 20.7 19.0 17.6 22.8 19.3 21.1 -
Very wrong 57.1 39.7 29.4 21.9 20.9 22.2 42.1 21.6 32.6 -
N of Valid 1865 1756 1886 1749 1729 1285 5507 4763 10270
N of Miss 199 219 173 210 149 88 591 447 1038
Table 4.105: How wrong would your friends feel it would be for you to use marijuana?
Not wrong at all 7.8 12.8 17.1 25.3 24.8 23.2 12.6 24.5 18.1 -
Wrong 14.1 19.5 19.6 21.0 18.8 17.9 17.7 19.4 18.5 -
Very wrong 72.8 58.0 49.6 38.4 39.9 40.4 60.1 39.5 50.6 -
N of Valid 1860 1755 1888 1742 1725 1281 5503 4748 10251
N of Miss 204 220 171 217 153 92 595 462 1057

4.12 How Easy Is It To Get...
Table 4.106: How easy is it to get cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, cigars, etc.?
Don’t Know/Can’t Get 78.5 70.9 55.6 47.4 43.1 38.8 68.2 43.6 56.7 -
Very Difficult 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.0 2.0 2.8 2.3 2.6 -
Fairly Difficult 3.1 5.2 6.7 5.5 6.3 6.1 5.0 6.0 5.5 -
Fairly Easy 5.8 9.0 13.9 16.3 17.8 18.5 9.6 17.4 13.2 -
Very Easy 9.7 12.2 21.0 27.9 30.8 34.5 14.4 30.7 22.0 -
N of Valid 1926 1805 1961 1838 1790 1318 5692 4946 10638
N of Miss 138 170 98 121 88 55 406 264 670
Table 4.107: How easy is it to get beer, wine, liquor and other alcohol products?
Very Difficult 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.5 4.2 -
Fairly Easy 7.9 11.5 17.8 20.4 22.2 24.6 12.5 22.2 17.0 -
Very Easy 13.4 17.7 26.0 30.3 33.2 32.6 19.1 32.0 25.1 -
N of Valid 1923 1803 1958 1840 1790 1319 5684 4949 10633
N of Miss 141 172 101 119 88 54 414 261 675
Table 4.108: How easy is it to get marijuana?

Very Difficult 4.6 4.4 3.7 2.7 2.7 3.1 4.2 2.8 3.6 -
Fairly Easy 3.1 5.1 9.7 12.5 14.8 16.0 6.0 14.3 9.8 -
Very Easy 6.7 11.1 20.0 29.9 32.6 33.8 12.7 31.9 21.6 -
N of Valid 1928 1805 1959 1840 1788 1315 5692 4943 10635
N of Miss 136 170 100 119 90 58 406 267 673

4.13 Tobacco Information
Table 4.109: During the past 12 months, did any doctor, nurse, physician assistant or nurse practitioner ask you if you smoke?
Yes 14.7 18.9 20.8 27.7 26.9 30.6 18.1 28.2 22.8 -
No 67.3 62.2 61.1 52.0 51.8 49.0 63.5 51.1 57.8 -
Haven’t Seen A Doctor 18.0 18.9 18.1 20.3 21.3 20.3 18.3 20.6 19.4 -
N of Valid 1933 1823 1972 1844 1787 1328 5728 4959 10687
N of Miss 131 152 87 115 91 45 370 251 621
Table 4.110: During the past 12 months, did any doctor, nurse, physician assistant or nurse practitioner advise you not to smoke?
Yes 32.1 28.8 24.2 23.9 21.3 21.9 28.3 22.4 25.6 -
No 50.9 52.4 57.6 55.6 57.0 57.9 53.7 56.7 55.1 -
Haven’t Seen A Doctor 17.0 18.9 18.1 20.5 21.7 20.3 18.0 20.8 19.3 -
N of Valid 1905 1805 1951 1832 1772 1318 5661 4922 10583
N of Miss 159 170 108 127 106 55 437 288 725

4.14 Vehicle Safety
Table 4.111: During the past 30 days, how many times did you drive a car or other vehicle when you had been drinking alcohol?
0 times 96.9 96.0 93.3 90.4 91.8 90.5 95.4 90.9 93.3 -
1 time 1.1 2.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 4.0 2.1 3.2 2.6 -
2 or 3 times 0.7 0.9 1.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 1.1 2.6 1.8 -
4 or 5 times 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.3 0.4 0.9 0.6 -
6 or more times 1.0 0.5 1.4 2.8 2.1 1.6 1.0 2.2 1.6 -
N of Valid 1932 1822 1960 1828 1776 1322 5714 4926 10640
N of Miss 132 153 99 131 102 51 384 284 668
Table 4.112: During the past 30 days, how many times did you ride in a car or other vehicle driven by someone how had been drinking?
0 times 79.2 74.3 68.6 71.0 70.5 71.2 74.0 70.9 72.5 -
1 time 8.5 9.3 9.2 9.5 8.7 9.8 9.0 9.3 9.1 -
2 or 3 times 5.4 7.8 10.9 9.6 10.9 11.4 8.0 10.6 9.2 -
4 or 5 times 1.7 2.3 3.6 3.0 3.1 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.7 -
6 or more times 5.2 6.4 7.8 6.8 6.8 5.2 6.5 6.4 6.4 -
N of Valid 1938 1823 1967 1846 1789 1321 5728 4956 10684
N of Miss 126 152 92 113 89 52 370 254 624
Table 4.113: How often do you wear a seatbelt when driving a car?
Never 5.0 4.2 4.8 7.3 3.8 3.2 4.7 5.0 4.8 -
Seldom 1.2 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 -
Sometimes 4.5 4.5 6.1 6.2 5.5 3.4 5.1 5.2 5.1 -
Most of the time 2.2 4.7 7.4 9.4 8.0 9.6 4.8 8.9 6.7 -
Always 12.3 12.0 20.5 31.2 50.3 62.4 15.0 46.5 29.6 -
I don’t drive 74.7 72.6 59.7 43.8 30.5 20.1 68.9 32.7 52.0 -
N of Valid 1937 1797 1944 1825 1785 1318 5678 4928 10606
N of Miss 127 178 115 134 93 55 420 282 702

Table 4.114: How often do you wear a seatbelt when riding in a car driven by someone else?
Never 5.8 6.7 5.9 8.2 5.8 3.9 6.1 6.2 6.2 -
Seldom 2.9 4.9 5.2 4.2 3.3 2.7 4.3 3.4 3.9 -
Sometimes 12.4 13.9 13.1 15.2 12.2 10.1 13.1 12.8 12.9 -
Most of the time 17.9 23.9 24.9 24.1 22.3 22.5 22.2 23.0 22.6 -
Always 61.1 50.6 50.9 48.4 56.4 60.8 54.3 54.6 54.4 -
N of Valid 1924 1789 1939 1804 1766 1307 5652 4877 10529
N of Miss 140 186 120 155 112 66 446 333 779

4.15 While At School Have You...
Table 4.115: Carried a handgun?

Never 96.4 96.7 94.9 93.0 95.0 95.6 96.0 94.4 95.3 -
One time 1.8 1.4 2.5 2.5 2.1 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.0 -
2-5 times 0.3 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.0 -
6 or more times 1.5 1.0 1.2 3.1 1.8 2.0 1.2 2.3 1.7 -
N of Valid 1960 1829 1971 1836 1793 1323 5760 4952 10712
N of Miss 104 146 88 123 85 50 338 258 596
Table 4.116: Carried a knife, club or other weapon?

Never 91.9 88.8 86.0 83.8 85.8 88.4 88.9 85.8 87.4 -
One time 4.3 6.1 6.2 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.5 5.1 5.3 -
2-5 times 1.8 3.0 4.5 4.5 4.4 3.3 3.1 4.2 3.6 -
6 or more times 2.0 2.1 3.3 6.3 4.8 3.3 2.5 5.0 3.6 -
N of Valid 1957 1823 1969 1838 1790 1323 5749 4951 10700
N of Miss 107 152 90 121 88 50 349 259 608
Table 4.117: Threatened a student with a handgun, knife or club?

Never 97.3 95.9 94.3 92.1 94.5 96.7 95.8 94.2 95.1 -
One time 1.2 2.3 3.0 2.5 1.7 0.9 2.2 1.8 2.0 -
2-5 times 0.5 0.9 0.9 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.8 1.9 1.3 -
6 or more times 1.1 0.8 1.8 2.9 2.1 1.2 1.2 2.2 1.7 -
N of Valid 1948 1824 1967 1834 1786 1319 5739 4939 10678
N of Miss 116 151 92 125 92 54 359 271 630

Table 4.118: Threatened to hurt a student by hitting, slapping or kicking?

Never 76.5 71.1 64.6 69.2 73.3 75.2 70.7 72.3 71.4 -
One time 10.0 10.0 11.8 9.5 8.3 8.3 10.6 8.8 9.8 -
2-5 times 7.5 10.0 11.9 9.9 9.1 9.5 9.8 9.5 9.7 -
6 or more times 6.1 8.9 11.7 11.4 9.2 6.9 8.9 9.4 9.1 -
N of Valid 1944 1815 1970 1832 1785 1321 5729 4938 10667
N of Miss 120 160 89 127 93 52 369 272 641
Table 4.119: Hurt a student by using a handgun, knife or club?

Never 98.0 97.2 96.5 93.6 96.3 97.0 97.2 95.5 96.4 -
One time 0.6 1.4 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.4 -
2-5 times 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.4 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.7 -
6 or more times 1.1 0.7 1.0 2.8 1.5 1.4 0.9 2.0 1.4 -
N of Valid 1943 1818 1964 1837 1784 1319 5725 4940 10665
N of Miss 121 157 95 122 94 54 373 270 643
Table 4.120: Hurt a student by hitting, slapping or kicking?

Never 75.3 70.4 66.9 70.4 74.5 78.9 70.8 74.1 72.4 -
One time 11.6 11.8 12.3 9.9 10.3 8.4 11.9 9.6 10.9 -
2-5 times 7.7 10.3 11.2 10.2 8.2 7.6 9.7 8.8 9.3 -
6 or more times 5.4 7.5 9.7 9.5 7.0 5.1 7.5 7.4 7.5 -
N of Valid 1940 1808 1967 1834 1782 1315 5715 4931 10646
N of Miss 124 167 92 125 96 58 383 279 662

Table 4.121: Been threatened with a handgun, knife or club by a student?

Never 93.7 93.0 91.4 88.6 90.8 93.9 92.7 90.8 91.8 -
One time 3.2 3.8 4.8 4.4 5.1 2.9 3.9 4.2 4.1 -
2-5 times 1.6 1.7 2.2 3.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.7 2.2 -
6 or more times 1.5 1.4 1.5 3.3 2.1 1.2 1.5 2.3 1.9 -
N of Valid 1946 1807 1960 1831 1781 1319 5713 4931 10644
N of Miss 118 168 99 128 97 54 385 279 664
Table 4.122: Had a student threaten to hit, slap or kick you?

Never 67.9 67.9 68.5 69.9 74.9 76.2 68.1 73.4 70.6 -
One time 15.0 13.8 12.6 11.9 10.5 9.9 13.8 10.9 12.4 -
2-5 times 9.0 10.0 11.2 9.6 8.7 8.4 10.1 9.0 9.6 -
6 or more times 8.1 8.4 7.8 8.6 5.8 5.4 8.1 6.8 7.4 -
N of Valid 1936 1814 1961 1838 1787 1322 5711 4947 10658
N of Miss 128 161 98 121 91 51 387 263 650
Table 4.123: Been afraid a student may hurt you?

Never 73.7 78.3 80.6 81.9 86.2 86.7 77.5 84.7 80.9 -
One time 15.3 12.1 10.9 8.5 8.0 8.0 12.8 8.2 10.7 -
2-5 times 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.5 3.3 3.3 5.1 4.1 4.6 -
6 or more times 6.1 4.5 3.3 4.1 2.5 2.1 4.6 3.0 3.9 -
N of Valid 1942 1813 1961 1827 1783 1320 5716 4930 10646
N of Miss 122 162 98 132 95 53 382 280 662

Table 4.124: Been hurt by a student using a handgun, knife or club?

Never 97.5 97.6 96.4 93.7 96.1 97.0 97.2 95.4 96.4 -
One time 1.5 1.2 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.7 -
2-5 times 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.8 -
6 or more times 0.8 0.6 0.7 2.6 1.1 1.5 0.7 1.8 1.2 -
N of Valid 1946 1809 1968 1834 1786 1316 5723 4936 10659
N of Miss 118 166 91 125 92 57 375 274 649
Table 4.125: Been hurt by a student who hit, slapped or kicked you?
Never 75.6 78.8 79.2 80.5 86.4 88.4 77.8 84.7 81.0 -
One time 12.4 10.2 10.4 7.9 6.5 5.0 11.0 6.6 9.0 -
2-5 times 6.8 6.6 6.2 6.1 4.0 3.4 6.5 4.7 5.7 -
6 or more times 5.2 4.4 4.3 5.5 3.1 3.1 4.6 4.0 4.3 -
N of Valid 1943 1804 1967 1822 1782 1315 5714 4919 10633
N of Miss 121 171 92 137 96 58 384 291 675

4.16 In My School, I Feel Safe...
Table 4.126: In my school, I feel safe in the classroom.

Never 7.2 10.8 10.4 13.3 11.8 8.9 9.4 11.6 10.4 -
Seldom 4.0 5.9 6.1 7.8 8.5 5.5 5.3 7.4 6.3 -
Sometimes 16.6 17.6 17.3 18.8 18.5 15.8 17.2 17.9 17.5 -
Often 17.8 23.9 26.3 27.4 26.8 29.7 22.7 27.8 25.1 -
A Lot 54.4 41.8 39.8 32.7 34.4 40.1 45.4 35.3 40.7 -
N of Valid 1935 1804 1966 1827 1783 1321 5705 4931 10636
N of Miss 129 171 93 132 95 52 393 279 672
Table 4.127: In my school, I feel safe in the cafeteria.

Never 13.1 14.7 13.9 16.6 15.6 11.1 13.9 14.7 14.3 -
Seldom 8.6 10.0 9.7 10.7 11.9 9.7 9.4 10.8 10.1 -
Sometimes 19.6 20.4 19.3 21.2 21.1 20.4 19.8 20.9 20.3 -
Often 19.2 21.4 23.5 26.5 23.7 29.8 21.4 26.4 23.7 -
A Lot 39.4 33.5 33.6 25.0 27.8 29.1 35.5 27.1 31.6 -
N of Valid 1929 1801 1969 1833 1780 1320 5699 4933 10632
N of Miss 135 174 90 126 98 53 399 277 676
Table 4.128: In my school, I feel safe in the halls.

Never 21.2 20.3 17.3 18.4 18.7 12.7 19.6 17.0 18.4 -
Seldom 12.2 13.0 11.6 12.2 11.8 11.6 12.3 11.9 12.1 -
Sometimes 20.9 22.6 20.5 22.4 23.5 21.0 21.3 22.4 21.8 -
Often 17.4 20.3 22.3 23.7 21.1 27.2 20.0 23.7 21.7 -
A Lot 28.3 23.8 28.3 23.3 24.9 27.6 26.9 25.0 26.0 -
N of Valid 1927 1789 1965 1832 1785 1321 5681 4938 10619
N of Miss 137 186 94 127 93 52 417 272 689

Table 4.129: In my school, I feel safe in the bathroom.

Never 27.4 24.6 21.2 21.9 20.4 15.1 24.4 19.6 22.1 -
Seldom 12.1 14.6 12.8 12.5 13.0 12.2 13.1 12.6 12.9 -
Sometimes 19.0 20.3 20.2 20.8 21.3 19.2 19.8 20.6 20.2 -
Often 14.9 18.0 18.6 22.0 19.8 25.0 17.2 22.0 19.4 -
A Lot 26.6 22.5 27.2 22.8 25.5 28.5 25.5 25.3 25.4 -
N of Valid 1920 1792 1960 1828 1781 1318 5672 4927 10599
N of Miss 144 183 99 131 97 55 426 283 709
Table 4.130: In my school, I feel safe in the gym.

Never 14.6 16.0 15.5 18.4 16.6 12.5 15.4 16.2 15.7 -
Seldom 8.0 10.7 9.6 9.4 11.0 8.0 9.4 9.6 9.5 -
Sometimes 16.5 20.0 18.8 19.1 18.5 18.3 18.4 18.7 18.5 -
Often 18.0 20.9 23.0 25.3 23.4 27.6 20.6 25.2 22.8 -
A Lot 42.8 32.4 33.2 27.8 30.5 33.6 36.2 30.3 33.5 -
N of Valid 1915 1791 1957 1823 1775 1313 5663 4911 10574
N of Miss 149 184 102 136 103 60 435 299 734
Table 4.131: In my school, I feel safe on the school bus.

Never 31.9 31.1 24.9 23.9 23.1 19.5 29.2 22.4 26.0 -
Seldom 9.2 10.9 10.0 11.9 12.8 8.7 10.0 11.4 10.7 -
Sometimes 16.4 15.2 19.1 18.4 19.7 19.8 17.0 19.2 18.0 -
Often 12.9 17.9 18.5 21.6 19.3 23.6 16.5 21.3 18.7 -
A Lot 29.6 24.9 27.5 24.2 25.2 28.4 27.3 25.7 26.6 -
N of Valid 1786 1725 1924 1805 1765 1300 5435 4870 10305
N of Miss 278 250 135 154 113 73 663 340 1003

Table 4.132: In my school, I feel safe at school events.

Never 20.9 20.6 17.4 18.9 18.2 13.0 19.6 17.1 18.4 -
Seldom 7.7 9.2 9.6 9.4 9.1 8.1 8.8 8.9 8.9 -
Sometimes 15.9 18.3 17.7 18.7 20.2 17.1 17.3 18.8 18.0 -
Often 18.6 20.0 21.8 24.5 23.0 28.2 20.2 25.0 22.4 -
A Lot 36.8 31.9 33.6 28.5 29.5 33.5 34.1 30.2 32.3 -
N of Valid 1877 1767 1947 1821 1776 1319 5591 4916 10507
N of Miss 187 208 112 138 102 54 507 294 801
Table 4.133: In my school, I feel safe on the playground.

Never 30.6 29.4 24.6 24.0 21.7 17.7 28.2 21.5 25.0 -
Seldom 11.5 10.9 9.8 10.6 10.6 8.7 10.7 10.1 10.4 -
Sometimes 15.1 18.6 17.7 17.5 19.4 18.1 17.1 18.4 17.7 -
Often 14.0 16.9 19.7 22.3 21.1 23.8 16.9 22.3 19.4 -
A Lot 28.7 24.2 28.2 25.6 27.1 31.7 27.1 27.8 27.4 -
N of Valid 1847 1737 1918 1800 1755 1302 5502 4857 10359
N of Miss 217 238 141 159 123 71 596 353 949
Table 4.134: In my school, I feel safe in the parking lot.

Never 39.5 34.0 27.2 26.3 23.9 17.7 33.5 23.1 28.7 -
Seldom 11.3 13.7 13.8 12.6 11.9 10.4 12.9 11.8 12.4 -
Sometimes 14.9 17.9 18.4 17.4 21.4 19.7 17.1 19.5 18.2 -
Often 13.9 15.0 17.3 21.6 18.2 24.4 15.4 21.1 18.1 -
A Lot 20.3 19.3 23.2 22.2 24.6 27.8 21.0 24.5 22.7 -
N of Valid 1908 1779 1949 1817 1775 1321 5636 4913 10549
N of Miss 156 196 110 142 103 52 462 297 759

4.17 Frequency of Use
Table 4.135: Frequency of use of cigarettes?

Daily 0.9 1.0 1.0 3.8 4.1 4.2 1.0 4.0 2.4 -
Weekly 1.7 3.8 5.0 9.0 8.5 9.6 3.5 9.0 6.0 -
Monthly 2.1 5.6 8.4 13.4 12.5 13.2 5.4 13.0 8.9 -
Annual 6.0 12.1 17.8 22.6 21.9 23.7 12.0 22.6 16.9 -
N of Valid 2005 1930 2003 1892 1839 1339 5938 5070 11008
N of Miss 59 45 56 67 39 34 160 140 300
Table 4.136: Frequency of use of smokeless tobacco?

Daily 0.6 0.4 0.6 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.5 1.4 1.0 -
Weekly 0.7 1.0 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.0 1.1 2.7 1.8 -
Monthly 1.0 1.8 2.2 5.2 3.0 3.4 1.7 3.9 2.7 -
Annual 1.7 3.2 4.2 8.4 6.1 6.4 3.0 7.0 4.9 -
N of Valid 2008 1925 2005 1894 1840 1341 5938 5075 11013
N of Miss 56 50 54 65 38 32 160 135 295
Table 4.137: Frequency of use of cigars?

Daily 0.6 0.8 0.9 2.1 1.4 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.2 -
Weekly 0.9 2.3 3.5 5.2 3.8 3.0 2.2 4.1 3.1 -
Monthly 1.3 3.8 6.1 8.6 7.3 5.7 3.7 7.3 5.4 -
Annual 3.9 7.7 12.2 15.6 14.9 13.0 7.9 14.7 11.0 -
N of Valid 2002 1919 1994 1881 1836 1339 5915 5056 10971
N of Miss 62 56 65 78 42 34 183 154 337

Table 4.138: Frequency of use of beer?

Daily 0.9 0.7 1.3 2.4 2.0 1.2 1.0 1.9 1.4 -
Weekly 2.1 4.2 7.6 10.7 10.3 9.6 4.7 10.3 7.3 -
Monthly 3.8 8.3 14.2 20.0 20.1 20.1 8.8 20.0 14.0 -
Annual 15.0 25.8 36.8 40.8 44.4 43.6 25.9 42.9 33.7 -
N of Valid 1992 1920 2004 1881 1827 1331 5916 5039 10955
N of Miss 72 55 55 78 51 42 182 171 353
Table 4.139: Frequency of use of coolers, breezers, etc.?

Daily 1.2 1.1 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5 -
Weekly 2.6 3.7 6.2 9.1 8.1 8.1 4.2 8.5 6.2 -
Monthly 3.8 7.7 12.5 17.6 19.3 19.3 8.0 18.7 12.9 -
Annual 11.9 22.4 33.0 39.5 43.5 44.3 22.5 42.2 31.6 -
N of Valid 1986 1914 2002 1884 1830 1339 5902 5053 10955
N of Miss 78 61 57 75 48 34 196 157 353
Table 4.140: Frequency of use of liquor?

Daily 0.9 0.5 1.0 2.3 1.9 1.6 0.8 2.0 1.3 -
Weekly 1.4 3.2 5.2 9.7 8.7 8.1 3.3 8.9 5.9 -
Monthly 2.6 6.3 11.8 18.6 20.4 19.9 6.9 19.6 12.8 -
Annual 10.2 17.7 31.4 39.2 43.6 45.3 19.8 42.4 30.2 -
N of Valid 2006 1923 2001 1885 1831 1340 5930 5056 10986
N of Miss 58 52 58 74 47 33 168 154 322

Table 4.141: Frequency of use of marijuana?

Daily 0.9 1.4 2.1 5.8 3.9 4.0 1.5 4.6 2.9 -
Weekly 1.4 3.9 6.4 11.7 10.3 8.5 3.9 10.3 6.9 -
Monthly 2.0 5.9 10.3 15.4 14.8 13.8 6.1 14.8 10.1 -
Annual 4.0 10.5 17.0 23.6 25.1 23.9 10.5 24.2 16.8 -
N of Valid 2010 1922 2003 1887 1835 1337 5935 5059 10994
N of Miss 54 53 56 72 43 36 163 151 314
Table 4.142: Frequency of use of cocaine?

Daily 0.6 0.2 1.0 2.0 1.2 1.5 0.6 1.6 1.0 -
Weekly 0.8 1.1 2.0 3.4 2.8 2.3 1.3 2.9 2.0 -
Monthly 1.0 1.8 2.9 4.9 4.4 3.9 1.9 4.4 3.1 -
Annual 1.5 3.3 5.4 8.0 8.1 7.2 3.4 7.9 5.4 -
N of Valid 2008 1920 1999 1890 1836 1339 5927 5065 10992
N of Miss 56 55 60 69 42 34 171 145 316
Table 4.143: Frequency of use of uppers?

Daily 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.9 1.3 1.6 0.7 1.6 1.1 -
Weekly 0.8 1.0 1.4 3.3 3.0 2.8 1.1 3.0 2.0 -
Monthly 0.9 1.8 2.0 5.0 4.5 4.1 1.6 4.6 3.0 -
Annual 1.7 2.6 3.6 6.8 6.8 6.8 2.6 6.8 4.6 -
N of Valid 1952 1909 1996 1886 1836 1337 5857 5059 10916
N of Miss 112 66 63 73 42 36 241 151 392

Table 4.144: Frequency of use of downers?

Daily 0.8 0.3 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.7 0.7 1.5 1.1 -
Weekly 1.0 1.0 1.7 2.9 2.9 2.3 1.2 2.7 1.9 -
Monthly 1.1 1.6 2.3 4.7 4.4 3.9 1.7 4.3 2.9 -
Annual 1.8 2.7 4.1 6.5 7.1 6.3 2.9 6.7 4.6 -
N of Valid 1944 1908 1997 1888 1837 1340 5849 5065 10914
N of Miss 120 67 62 71 41 33 249 145 394
Table 4.145: Frequency of use of inhalants?

Daily 0.9 0.4 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 -
Weekly 1.6 1.2 1.4 2.8 1.7 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.7 -
Monthly 1.9 2.0 2.5 4.5 2.6 2.2 2.1 3.2 2.6 -
Annual 4.6 4.1 5.7 6.5 5.0 4.3 4.8 5.4 5.1 -
N of Valid 1947 1906 1998 1891 1836 1339 5851 5066 10917
N of Miss 117 69 61 68 42 34 247 144 391
Table 4.146: Frequency of use of hallucinogens?

Daily 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.3 0.6 1.2 0.9 -
Weekly 0.8 0.9 1.2 2.6 2.1 2.2 1.0 2.3 1.6 -
Monthly 1.0 1.2 1.6 4.2 3.0 2.8 1.3 3.4 2.3 -
Annual 1.5 1.7 2.6 6.1 4.5 4.9 1.9 5.2 3.4 -
N of Valid 1921 1903 1989 1888 1837 1339 5813 5064 10877
N of Miss 143 72 70 71 41 34 285 146 431

Table 4.147: Frequency of use of heroin?

Daily 0.8 0.3 0.9 1.7 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.0 -
Weekly 0.8 0.7 1.6 2.7 1.6 1.4 1.0 2.0 1.5 -
Monthly 0.9 1.2 1.9 4.0 2.3 2.2 1.3 2.9 2.1 -
Annual 1.6 2.9 3.3 5.7 3.5 3.4 2.6 4.3 3.4 -
N of Valid 1956 1908 2000 1891 1838 1338 5864 5067 10931
N of Miss 108 67 59 68 40 35 234 143 377
Table 4.148: Frequency of use of steroids?

Daily 0.8 0.4 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.8 -
Weekly 1.0 0.6 0.9 2.0 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.1 -
Monthly 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.7 1.5 2.0 1.1 2.1 1.6 -
Annual 1.7 1.9 2.2 4.1 2.4 2.5 1.9 3.1 2.4 -
N of Valid 1970 1912 1996 1890 1837 1338 5878 5065 10943
N of Miss 94 63 63 69 41 35 220 145 365
Table 4.149: Frequency of use of ecstasy?

Daily 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.8 0.9 1.2 0.6 1.3 0.9 -
Weekly 0.8 0.6 1.3 3.0 1.7 2.0 0.9 2.3 1.6 -
Monthly 1.0 1.5 1.6 4.4 3.5 3.1 1.4 3.8 2.5 -
Annual 1.6 2.6 3.0 7.2 6.5 6.6 2.4 6.8 4.4 -
N of Valid 1919 1895 1990 1889 1837 1338 5804 5064 10868
N of Miss 145 80 69 70 41 35 294 146 440

Table 4.150: Frequency of use of OxyContin?

Daily 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.2 0.9 -
Weekly 0.8 0.8 0.9 2.3 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.8 1.3 -
Monthly 0.9 1.2 1.1 3.3 2.1 2.3 1.1 2.6 1.8 -
Annual 1.5 1.6 1.7 4.8 3.3 3.8 1.6 4.0 2.7 -
N of Valid 1911 1893 1987 1890 1837 1340 5791 5067 10858
N of Miss 153 82 72 69 41 33 307 143 450
Table 4.151: Frequency of use of meth?

Daily 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1 -
Weekly 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.3 2.0 1.7 -
Monthly 1.6 1.6 2.1 3.8 2.3 2.2 1.8 2.8 2.3 -
Annual 2.7 4.0 4.5 5.2 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.3 4.0 -
N of Valid 1938 1897 1996 1888 1835 1337 5831 5060 10891
N of Miss 126 78 63 71 43 36 267 150 417
Table 4.152: Frequency of use of any tobacco?

Daily 0.9 1.2 1.2 4.5 4.4 4.5 1.1 4.5 2.7 -
Weekly 1.7 4.2 5.6 10.2 9.2 10.1 3.9 9.8 6.6 -
Monthly 2.4 6.1 9.6 15.1 13.9 14.4 6.0 14.5 9.9 -
Annual 7.0 13.3 20.0 25.6 25.0 27.0 13.4 25.7 19.1 -
N of Valid 2015 1933 2009 1899 1843 1342 5957 5084 11041
N of Miss 49 42 50 60 35 31 141 126 267

Table 4.153: Frequency of use of any alcohol?

Daily 1.4 1.3 1.8 3.2 2.6 2.0 1.5 2.6 2.0 -
Weekly 3.6 5.3 9.5 13.5 12.9 11.9 6.1 12.9 9.2 -
Monthly 6.2 10.8 17.6 24.7 26.1 26.2 11.5 25.6 18.0 -
Annual 21.0 33.5 46.0 52.6 57.2 58.2 33.5 55.8 43.7 -
N of Valid 2012 1930 2008 1897 1840 1342 5950 5079 11029
N of Miss 52 45 51 62 38 31 148 131 279
Table 4.154: Frequency of use of any illicit drug?

Daily 1.9 2.1 3.0 7.2 4.8 5.4 2.4 5.8 4.0 -
Weekly 3.1 5.4 7.6 13.6 11.9 10.3 5.4 12.1 8.5 -
Monthly 4.1 7.6 12.0 17.2 16.7 15.8 7.9 16.6 11.9 -
Annual 9.0 14.5 21.5 26.6 28.1 27.1 15.0 27.3 20.7 -
N of Valid 2013 1927 2011 1895 1841 1341 5951 5077 11028
N of Miss 51 48 48 64 37 32 147 133 280

Chapter 5
Narrative Report
5.1 Introduction • and understand how drug use and violence is encouraged and ac-
cepted in the social world of the child.
Tobacco, alcohol, drug use and violence continues to be a persistent problem

facing the youth of America. The use of mind-altering chemicals has proven Another key to successful prevention programming is the direct involve-
to be especially harmful to the adolescent growth and development process. ment of youth in planning and implementing programs.
Psychoactive drugs interfere with physical, social, and emotional growth dur-
ing the critical years of adolescent development. This report will help parents, school personnel, students, and other "youth
care givers" understand the extent of drug use and threatening (bullying) be-
An adolescent who uses intoxicants is not only at high risk of becoming haviors in your community.
drug dependent but is also at an increased risk of dropping out of school,
getting involved in crime, attempting suicide, or becoming involved in an as- Your questions concerning this report or information on other reports and
sortment of unacceptable behaviors. services of Pride Surveys may be obtained by calling the Pride Surveys
office at 1-800-279-6361.
The prevention of adolescent drug and alcohol use, bullying and related
behaviors is most likely to occur when parents, teachers, faith leaders, other
individuals and community organizations, who are part of the child’s friend- 5.1.1 The Pride Surveys Questionnaire
ship circle...
As with any type of meaningful survey, it is important that the data collected
• are well informed of the harmful effects of drugs, are of high quality and utility. The Pride Surveys Questionnaire was de-
veloped to provide accurate, reliable and useful information about students
• understand potential danger from threatening behaviors, through their reported behaviors, perceptions and living environments. Ques-
• recognize behavioral changes that accompany drug use, tionnaire forms and administration procedures have undergone extensive re-
views by independent evaluators over the years. The survey provides users
210
with data of high quality and practical application. For more technical informa- Note that all statistics compiled from your survey results are highlighted in
tion about the development of the questionnaire, see the Pride Technical Re- bold.
port: The Pride Questionnaire for Grades 6-12 Developmental Study. These
studies are available on the Pride Surveys website at www.pridesurveys.com. The 2007-2008 Pride National Summary for Grades 6-12 is provided sep-
arately on the Pride Surveys website. This national data can be compared
to local data contained in your tabular report.
5.1.2 The Report
It is important that your school survey be viewed as part of an ongo-
ing process that provides needed information about the prevalence and pat-
This report was prepared to be used as part of a community-wide prevention terns of tobacco, alcohol and other drug use by students in your commu-
program. For maximum use of your school drug and violence survey, we nity. By using the Pride Surveys in your assessment process, you can be
suggest that you review each section carefully, share the information with confident of high quality, consistent, and reliable information to assist you
school officials, teachers, students and parents, and prepare a press release in your drug prevention efforts. For additional assistance with questionnaire
to inform your community of the results. data, call the Pride Surveys Office at 1-800-279-6361. For additional infor-
mation about the health impact of drugs visit the Pride Surveys website at
This narrative report contains five sections, including the introductory www.pridesurveys.com.
Section 5.1. Section 5.2 contains information on Gateway Drugs (tobacco, al-
cohol, and marijuana). Section 5.3 contains information on Other Illicit Drugs
(cocaine, uppers, downers, inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin and steroids).
The following information on each drug category has been selected for anal- 5.2 Gateway Drugs
ysis in this report:
The gateway drugs are defined in this report as tobacco, alcohol, and mari-
• perceived risk of drug use, juana. In most states, alcohol and tobacco products are illegal when used by
minors, but are legal when used by adults. Nevertheless, they are generally
• frequency of drug use reported by students,
easy to obtain and are widely used by students. Use of alcohol and cigarettes
• when students reported using drugs, at early ages has been linked to later use of illicit drugs, thus the term gate-
way drugs. Marijuana is the illicit drug most widely used by the adolescent
• where students reported using drugs, population. Although marijuana is itself a dangerous illicit drug, it is also a
strong predictor for use of other addictive drugs. In this section, harmful ef-
• friends’ use of drugs,
fects, prevalence, and patterns of tobacco products (cigarettes, smokeless
• age of onset of use of drugs, tobacco, and cigars), alcohol (beer, wine coolers, and liquor), and marijuana
use are reported.
• availability of drugs as reported by students.
Section 5.4 contains suggestions for community awareness activities uti-

lizing the media and presentations of survey findings to various audiences.
Narrative Report 211

5.2.1 Tobacco
Table 5.1: 30-Day Use of Tobacco
DRUG 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
Harmful Effects of Tobacco Products Any Tobacco 2.4 6.1 9.6 15.1 13.9 14.4 0.0
Cigarettes 2.1 5.6 8.4 13.4 12.5 13.2 0.0
Smokeless Tobacco 1.0 1.8 2.2 5.2 3.0 3.4 0.0
The use of tobacco products was not always considered to be drug use. How- Cigars 1.3 3.8 6.1 8.6 7.3 5.7 0.0
ever, cigarette smoke contains more than 1,200 chemicals, none of which are
beneficial to man. When cigarette smoke is absorbed into the body, it de-
creases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and increases the clotting
Additional information about frequency of cigarette smoking by your stu-
rate. This reaction, combined with hardening of the arteries associated with
dents may be found in the Percentage Tables chapter of your Pride report.
smoking, can cause a heart attack. Using tobacco products is a major cause
of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, heart disease and cancer of
the mouth.
Locations and Times of Tobacco Use
Research indicates that mothers who smoke during pregnancy may dam-
age the unborn child. Women who take birth control pills should not smoke A knowledge of the patterns of adolescent tobacco use is important when
because of increased risk of blood clots, stroke, heart attack and liver tumors. planning and implementing prevention programs. Two of the most important
questions that were asked on the Pride Surveys were Where and When vari-
It is important that students know the health consequences of tobacco ous drugs are used. Students were asked to respond to various locations and
use, but they may be influenced more by the social stigma and the unattrac- times they used tobacco products. Responses to Where students used gate-
tive appearance using tobacco can cause. For example, young people may way drugs included At Home, At School, In a Car, Friend’s House and Other
choose not to smoke because cigarette smoke makes their hair smell bad, places in the community. Time of use responses consisted of Before School,
turns their teeth and fingers yellow, and causes bad breath. These are im- During School, After School, Week Nights and W eekends. This information
portant considerations for adolescents who are usually concerned about their is important in providing insight into the use patterns of tobacco products by
appearance. your students.
Although there was some variation, students who smoked cigarettes re-
Frequency and Effects of Tobacco Use ported smoking at most locations and times. This finding may be explained
by the highly addictive nature of the nicotine in tobacco, the non-intoxicating
effects of smoking tobacco (as opposed to the intoxicating effects of alcohol),
While millions of people in this country have quit smoking cigarettes, there
and adult tolerance for possession and use of tobacco products by minors.
are still millions that continue to smoke despite warnings of detrimental health
However, as explained earlier, cigarette smoking does present health haz-
effects. It is important to examine the use of cigarettes by students, for they
ards for the users and for those who share a common environment.
are engaging in an unhealthy practice. Also, students who start smoking
tobacco early are more prone to try other drugs, particularly marijuana, than
students who do not use tobacco products.

adults to understand that sources with lower percentages of alcohol, such

Table 5.2: Reported Location of Any Tobacco Use For Your Students
as beer and wine coolers, are equally as capable of causing intoxication and
LOCATION 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
dependency as liquor. However, there appears to be a progression of alcohol
At Home 3.4 4.2 5.6 8.7 7.6 8.0 0.0
use that begins with beer or wine coolers and on to liquor. Drinking liquor
At School 1.0 0.9 1.0 3.7 4.1 3.1 0.0
produces higher levels of intoxication, probably due to its higher concentration
In a Car 0.9 1.9 2.9 5.0 6.9 9.4 0.0
of alcohol.
Friend’s House 3.2 6.4 8.9 10.2 12.3 11.5 0.0
Other 4.2 7.0 10.4 11.6 11.5 13.3 0.0
Since the human body builds a tolerance to alcohol, there is a potential
for addiction for those who drink. This risk of addiction is greater for the
developing adolescent than for mature adults. Junior and senior high students
Table 5.3: Reported Times of Any Tobacco Use For Your Students who use alcohol run the risk of delaying or retarding their normal physical,
TIME 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th mental and social development. Drinking and driving is a popular practice
Before School 0.9 1.5 2.2 4.4 4.6 4.3 0.0 among teenagers, and alcohol-related accidents are a major cause of death
During School 0.9 0.7 1.2 3.0 2.4 2.1 0.0 among 15- to 19-year-olds.
After School 2.0 3.5 5.0 8.2 9.4 7.9 0.0
Week Night 2.2 3.4 5.1 6.5 7.1 7.4 0.0
Weekend 4.6 8.4 13.0 13.4 14.8 17.3 0.0 Frequency and Effects of Alcohol Use
Although drinking alcoholic beverages is illegal for minors, beer, wine coolers,
5.2.2 Alcohol and liquor are popular intoxicants for students. It should be kept in mind that
these data are from 12- to 18-year-old students. Not only are they minors
Harmful Effects of Alcohol under the law, and therefore violating the law when using alcohol, but they
are also young adolescents who are abusing alcohol at least once a month
or more often.
Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, which relaxes the inhibiting
and controlling mechanisms of the brain. The effects of drinking alcohol de-
Table 5.4: 30-Day Use of Alcohol
pend on the amount consumed, body size, food intake, age, genetic suscepti- DRUG 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
bility, and tolerance. Alcohol is metabolized at the rate of about 1/2 ounce per
Any Alcohol 6.2 10.8 17.6 24.7 26.1 26.2 0.0
hour, and coffee, tea, or cold showers will not speed up this process. The ef-
Beer 3.8 8.3 14.2 20.0 20.1 20.1 0.0
fects of drinking alcohol can range from mild intoxication, to mental confusion,
Coolers, Breezers, etc. 3.8 7.7 12.5 17.6 19.3 19.3 0.0
to aggression, to respiratory depression and death. Repeated or chronic use
Liquor 2.6 6.3 11.8 18.6 20.4 19.9 0.0
of alcohol may cause damage to the liver, brain, stomach, skin, and other
systems of the body.
YOUR NOTES:
The sources of alcohol most available to youth for consumption are beer,
wine or wine coolers, and various forms of liquor. It is important for youth and

30-Day Use of Any Alcohol, Beer, Coolers and Liquor Location of Any Alcohol Use
.2
.2
.1
29
26
26
.4
.7
27
24
.7
24
.8
.7
.7
.6
.4
22
22
22
.1
.1
22
.0
20
.9
20
20
20
.5
19
.3
.3
.0
21
19
19
21
.6
18
.8
.7
.6
.6
19
19
17
17
.7
16
.2
14
.7
14
.5
12
.8
.0
11
13
.8
10
.2
11
.4
10
3
1
8.
9.
7
7.
3
2
6.
6.
6
5
4
3
5.
5.
5.
5.
8
8
3.
3.
8
6
3.
3.
0
6
3.
2.
5
2.
1
2.
5
1.
1
1
9
1.
1.
0.
6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11
Any Alcohol Beer Coolers, Breezers, etc. Liquor At Home At School In a Car Friend's House Other
Source: Pride Surveys Source: Pride Surveys
Time of Any Alcohol Use

Locations and Times of Alcohol Use
.4
.8
44
43
Drinking alcoholic beverages can produce a mind-altered or intoxicated state.
.4
37
Given the impairment in thinking and judgement produced by alcohol intoxi-
.2
cation, time of use is an important consideration for targeting prevention activ-
32
ities. Figures 5-3 through 5-4 contain percentage data for the times of alcohol
use as reported by junior and senior high students in your community.
.0
21
It is important to note that past research indicates that At School is the
least popular location for use and During School is the least popular time of
.4
12
7
2
9.
8
use. Weekends tends to be the most popular time of use and At Home tends
9.
8.
8.
6
4
6.
6.
to be the most popular with younger students while Friend’s House and Other
6
4.
4.
1
4.
0
4.
4.
8
5
3
2.
2.
9
8
2.
7
7
5
1.
3
1.
1.
1.
tends to be the most popular with older students. These data strongly support
1
0
1.
1.
1.
6
1.
1.
0.
the concept of parent and community involvement in reducing alcohol use by 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11
youth. Before School During School After School Weeknight Weekend


Availability of Tobacco Products & Alcohol
The question of availability of tobacco products has been included on the

Pride Surveys. In many communities, cigarettes are purchased by minors
from vending machines in public places without fear of reprisal.
Students were asked to report how easy it was for them to get alcohol,
specifically in the forms of beer, coolers, breezers, etc. and liquor. Students
could respond that they Cannot Get alcohol, or that alcohol was Very Difficult,
Fairly Difficult, Fairly Easy, or Very Easy to get. The following table provides
the percentages of students who responded to the Fairly Easy or Very Easy
categories for obtaining tobacco products as well as beer, wine coolers, liquor,
and marijuana.
Use of tobacco products and alcohol by minors is illegal, yet they are read-
ily available to students. Popular culture condones and often encourages the
use of tobacco and alcohol. While it is important to discourage the illegal use
of tobacco and alcohol through formal education and community prevention
programs, it is also important to reduce the ease by which students may ob-
tain tobacco and alcohol products, whether from home or a neighbor’s home,
or from merchants that sell alcoholic beverages to minors. Cooperation of
parents, students, and educators with local, state, and federal law enforce-
ment agencies should play an important role in reducing the availability of
gateway drugs to students.
Table 5.5: Pct of Students Reporting Fairly Easy or Very Easy to Get To-
bacco and Alcohol
DRUG 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
Any Tobacco 15.5 21.2 34.9 44.2 48.6 53.0 0.0
Any Alcohol 21.3 29.3 43.8 50.7 55.4 57.2 0.0
YOUR NOTES:

5.2.3 Marijuana accumulation of fatty cells, such as the brain, heart, lungs and reproductive
systems. The effect of this drug is even more severe on developing adoles-
cents in junior and senior high school. Not surprisingly, recent research in-
Harmful Effects of Marijuana
dicates that regular marijuana use reduces the mental efficiency of students
and may increase their susceptability to infection and disease, by interfering
Marijuana is a crude drug made from the cannabis sativa plant, and it contains with their immune system.
more than 400 known chemicals. Seventy or more of these chemicals, called
"cannabinoids," are found only in the cannabis plant, and in recent years Production and use of marijuana is illegal in the United States and most
we have learned much about their effect on the human body. One of the other countries around the world. The following table contains data on your
cannabinoids, THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), is the major mind-altering students’ use of marijuana at least once a month or more often.
chemical in marijuana.
Monthly Use of Marijuana
Street names for marijuana include pot, grass, and weed. Smoking pot
.4
15
became popular with college age students during the late 60’s and early 70’s.
.8
14
.8
By the middle 70’s the age of users had dropped to junior high and even
13
elementary school levels.
.3
10
The marijuana used in the 1960’s was often quite low in THC content,
ranging from .25 to 1 percent, and few health hazards were documented dur-
ing that period. In the early 1970’s, the Mexican marijuana coming into the
9
country averaged 1 to 2 percent THC content. After 1975, Colombian mar-
5.
ijuana became more prominent, and it ranged from 3 to 6 percent in THC
content. Presently, we have marijuana (a variety called Sinsemilla) being
0
2.
grown in the U.S. with THC levels of more than 24 percent. Because of the
stronger, more potent varieties now available, the intoxicating and health ef-
fects of smoking marijuana have increased dramatically. More students are Percent of Use
receiving treatment for marijuana addiction than for alcohol addiction. 6 7 8 9 10 11

The THC and other cannabinoids are fat-soluble chemicals and accumu-
late in the fatty linings of cells. They are metabolized very slowly, and may
stay in the body four to six weeks. Thus, the students who smoke pot only
on weekends will gradually accumulate THC content in their body cells. This Location and Time of Marijuana Use
build-up of THC is unlike the effect of alcohol, which is water-soluble and
metabolized out of the body much more quickly (usually within 24 hours).
Location and time of marijuana use followed a similar pattern to that of alcohol
use, although the percentage of students who reported smoking marijuana
Accumulation of THC in the body affects those areas where there is an
was considerably less than the percentage who reported drinking alcohol.

Location of Marijuana Use Time of Any Marijuana Use
.9
.7
.2
17
17
.0
14
14
.4
.3
.2
12
15
12
.5
11
.1
11
.1
11
6
8.
4
8.
8
8
7
6.
6.
6.
1
5
4
8.
6.
6.
5
4
7.
7.
7
0
5.
7.
7.
7.
4
5.
3
6.
2
2
1
0
5.
5.
4.
4.
7
6
4.
3.
4.
4
4
3.
3.
9
3.
4
7
3.
2.
7
2.
6
0
2.
2.
2.
3
2.
2.
2.
6
6
1.
1.
3
5
1.
1.
1
1.
1.
1
7
9
1.
8
0.
0.
0.
5
0.
5
5
0.
0.
0.
0.
6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11
At Home At School In a Car Friend's House Other Before School During School After School Weeknight Weekend
Source: Pride Surveys Source: Pride Surveys
Friends' Use of Marijauna

Friends’ Use & Age of Onset of Use of Marijuana
.0
89
Often, marijuana and other illicit drug use will occur within a friendship circle
.4
73
and those who report use among friends are more likely to use. Past analysis
shows that marijuana is by far the most commonly used of illicit drugs. The
following graphs presents percentage data on friends’ use of your students.
.0
55
It is important to remember that early use is an indicator of increased risk .3
.8
39
.9
37
36
for addiction. Figure 5-8 presents data on age of onset of use of marijuana
for your students.
.1
20
.5
.8
.6
.3
18
.3
17
17
17
16
.6
.4
.8
.8
.6
.2
14
14
13
13
13
13
.1
.1
.6
YOUR NOTES:
11
11
10
3
7
8.
2
7.
7.
8
8
5.
3
4.
4.
6
2.
2.
4
1.
6 7 8 9 10 11

5.3 Other Illicit Drugs 5.3.1 Cocaine, Uppers, and Downers
As stated in the previous section, marijuana is the illicit drug most used by Harmful Effects of Cocaine, Uppers, and Downers
junior and senior high students. However, many marijuana users become
multiple drug users. Knowledge of the nature and extent of such illicit drug Use of illicit drugs by adolescents is extremely dangerous. The illicit drugs
use is very important in gaining a perspective on the overall adolescent drug discussed in this section are highly toxic, addictive, and often cause dramatic
problem in your community. It will also provide you with information on the and unpredictable changes in behavior. Where gateway drugs may require a
percentages of your students who are drug dependent or who are at high risk period of months or years to cause physical or psychological damage, these
of becoming drug dependent and in need of professional help. more toxic drugs may cause addiction, permanent damage, or even death
with their early use. Since most of these drugs are produced and distributed
The other illicit drug categories included in The Pride Surveys Question- illegally, their purity and chemical content are unknown. They are often con-
naire for Grades 6-12 are as follows: taminated with dangerous chemicals.
Much evidence suggests that drug abuse and addiction is a progres-

Cocaine including crack,
sive process that begins with gateway drugs (for example: tobacco products,
Uppers stimulants,
beer, wine coolers, liquor, and marijuana) and continues into the more unpre-
Downers depressants,
dictable forms of illicit drugs such as cocaine (including crack) and hallucino-
Inhalants such as glue or solvents
gens, such as PCP and LSD. Adolescents frequently use an assortment of
Hallucinogens including LSD and PCP
drugs such as alcohol, marijuana and cocaine, creating an even more dan-
Heroin opiates
gerous and unpredictable effect. Students who use these illicit drugs or com-
Steroids
binations of drugs are at very high risk of dependency and are in need of
Ecstasy MDMA
professional help. If left untreated, they are likely to suffer permanent physi-
OxyContin
cal damage to body systems and cause continued stress on the family unit.
Meth ice, crank, etc.
In addition to the detrimental health and social effects, use of illicit drugs is
Additional information on all categories of drugs obtained from your sur- related to local criminal activity and is a major contributor to organized crime
vey may be found in the tabular report. and terrorism in the U.S. and abroad. Illicit drug use should not be tolerated.
One example of social movement against a drug is the growing intolerance of
cigarette and tobacco use. We should adopt this attitude and apply it to illicit
drugs as well.

Harmful Effects of Cocaine Uppers increase heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure; dilate
pupils; and decrease appetite. The user can also experience headache,
sweating, blurred vision, dizziness, sleeplessness, and anxiety. People who
Cocaine is an alkaloid extracted from the leaf of the coca bush, which is culti-
use large amounts of amphetamines over a long period of time also develop
vated at high altitudes in the Andes Mountains of South America. The alkaloid
hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia. They exhibit bizarre and sometimes
is a powerful stimulant to the central nervous system with mind-altering and
violent behavior. Withdrawal produces fatigue, irritability, paranoia, and de-
energy-producing characteristics. Coca leaves contain only a small amount
pression. Use of uppers, particularly amphetamines, can lead to physical
of the mind-altering chemical, but the extraction and purification of cocaine
and psychological dependency.
produces a new and immensely more powerful drug.
Cocaine, sometimes called coke or snow, is usually snorted or inhaled

through a special pipe. An inexpensive form of cocaine called crack has be- Harmful Effects of Downers
come very popular. Crack cocaine can be smoked and produces a more
immediate and powerful high than snorting. Cocaine acts directly on the lim- Downers refer to a category of drugs commonly known as depressants. These
bic system or old brain where the chemical centers for instinctive pleasure are drugs depress or slow down the body’s functions and when abused (i.e., their
located. Use of cocaine produces a surge of energy, pleasure and sense of non-medical use) can cause slurred speech, staggering, poor judgement, and
confidence. After about a twenty-minute high, the drug withdraws rapidly from slow or uncertain reflexes (reactions similar to alcohol intoxication). Downers
the brain, making the user feel depressed, irritable and fatigued – a condition include barbiturates, such as secobarbital or phenobarbital; benzodiazepines,
called the coke crash. such as Valium, Librium and other drugs that have similar properties. Sleep-
ing pills, tranquilizers, and muscle relaxants are examples of downers.
Cocaine is both psychologically and physically addictive. In the early 70’s,
the small supply and low purity of cocaine available in the U.S. led many so- Mixing alcohol and downers poses a particularly dangerous drug use
called experts to claim that cocaine was non-addictive. Today, cocaine has combination. For example, the use of barbiturates and other depressants,
proven to be one of the most addictive drugs, if not the most addictive. The such as alcohol, multiplies the effects and increases the chance of alcoholism
crack form of the drug speeds up the process of addiction or dependence. and drug dependency. Moreover, combined use greatly increases the risk of
death by overdose, whether accidental or deliberate.
Harmful Effects of Uppers

Frequency and Effects of Cocaine, Uppers and Downers
The term "uppers" refers to a category of drugs broadly defined as central
nervous system stimulants. The stronger stimulants are drugs such as am- The illicit drugs in this section have been grouped for convenience and ef-
phetamines with street names like speed, bennies, dexies, white crosses and ficiency of discussion. Cocaine, uppers and downers will be discussed to-
crystal. They are usually taken in capsule form, but may be sniffed or injected. gether, and inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin and steroids will be discussed
Milder forms of stimulants are caffeine, ephedrine and phenylpropanolamine. together. Although these drugs have differing effects (see preceding discus-
Common over-the-counter and prescription forms of stimulants are diet pills sion), they are often similar in their patterns of use.
and stay-awake pills.

Although there is much media coverage about the use of cocaine (es- 5.4 The Media and Data Presentation
pecially "crack" cocaine), the percentage of students who reported using co-
caine is low in comparison to the gateway drugs.
Your school-based survey results can be utilized in many ways to promote
The percentage data for students who reported using cocaine, uppers and support drug and alcohol abuse prevention in your community. The re-
and downers within the past year is contained in Figure 5.9. The expected sults of this survey should be made available to the public in a timely fashion.
pattern of higher drug use by senior high students than by junior high students Therefore, Section 4 of this chapter is devoted to assisting you in utilizing your
is evident from the tables in the tabular report. For more detailed data on survey findings to make the community more aware of the extent and nature
frequency of use of cocaine, uppers, and downers by your students, refer to of adolescent alcohol and other drug use.
the Percentage Tables chapter of your Pride Report.
Monthly Use of Cocaine, Uppers and Downers

0
5.
5.4.1 Community Awareness
9
4.
Community awareness that a drug problem exists is important when mobiliz-
7
4.
5
4.
4
4
4.
4.
ing the various components of a community in a planned, systematic process
1
4.
9
9
to reduce alcohol and other drug use by youth. Unless the community is
3.
3.
convinced that the problem is serious, real, and local – i.e., a threat to their
children, families and friends – it is less likely that meaningful community in-
9
2.
2.
3 volvement or support will occur. Community awareness involves informing
as many people as possible of the extent and nature of the adolescent drug
0
2.
8
8
1.
1.
problem. Information collected by your survey of student drug use is very

6
1.
important in community awareness. It is also important for members of the

1
1.
0
1.
9
0.
community to understand the harmful nature of drug use. Both information

about the harmful affects of drug use and the extent of local drug use is con-
tained in Sections 2 and 3 of this chapter.
Cocaine Uppers Downers
6 7 8 9 10 11
Two of the most effective means of conducting community awareness is
through electronic and print media and through presentations to community
groups such as parent and school groups, civic and business organizations,
YOUR NOTES: community coalitions and church groups. Section 4 is designed to assist you
in these activities. Section 4.2. contains information about how you can work
with the media in releasing your survey data and Section 4.3. contains infor-
mation to assist you with presentations to various groups in your community.
Of course, these are suggestions and you may want to change or modify the
suggestions. For example, as you monitor the drug problem through mul-
tiple annual surveys, these data can be added to your press releases and

presentations. 1. Use standard-size 8 1/2 by 11 white paper, and type the release double
spaced on one side only. The first page should contain the name and
address of your school/organization (letterhead is fine). If special News
5.4.2 The Media Release paper is available, use it.
2. Name a contact person and his/her office and home phone numbers in
What is generally referred to as The Media includes the traditional print me- the upper right hand corner of the first page. Ideally, this is the person
dia (such as, newspapers, magazines, and newsletters), and electronic me- who prepared the news release. Make sure the contact person has
dia (such as, television, radio, wire services, and web sites). Non-traditional agreed to handle possible follow-up calls from the media.
sources may include billboards, t-shirts, posters, pay-roll stuffers, grocery 3. Write FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE in the upper left hand corner of the
bags, hand bills, etc. The most common of these media used to commu- first page unless you have planned a certain day and time to announce
nicate survey results have been local newspaper news articles and editorials, the survey results, perhaps at a news conference or some other event.
local television and radio news casts, talk-shows, and interviews. If that is the case, write FOR RELEASE (DATE and TIME). The media
are accustomed to respecting your release time.
HOW TO GET STARTED!
4. Give the news release a brief two or three line title, centered in all caps
You can set a date for the announcement of your school data. Choose and bold for emphasis.
a slow news day when nothing major is scheduled in the community. Mid- 5. Be brief with what you write – one to three pages, double spaced. Most
morning on Tuesday may be a good time, giving the reporters time to prepare releases do not exceed two pages, but questionnaire data are hard to
their stories for an afternoon or early morning edition of the newspaper, or an summarize and may take an additional page.
early evening broadcast or telecast.
6. Write in the active voice and use short sentences and paragraphs.
Develop a local news media profile, showing the names, addresses, phone
7. Write MORE at the bottom of each page except the last one to let the
numbers and contact persons for each newspaper, station and type of pro-
reporter know there is more than one page to the release. Type -30- or
gram. Keep up with times you contact each one, news releases or other ma-
##
terials you provide them, and what the next steps will be toward giving your
in the center of the last page below the last paragraph.
topic coverage. Good sources for help in developing your news media profile
are the yellow pages, locally-published media directories, or media profiles 8. Proofread carefully. Reporters are wary of releases that contain typo-
already available from communications/public relations professionals. graphical errors, misspellings, or crossouts.
HOW TO WRITE A NEWS RELEASE

TIPS FOR WRITING YOUR NEWS RELEASE
Your next step is to prepare a news release on the survey results. A

sample news release is included in Appendix B. The following guidelines may 1. Traditionally, news releases are written in the "inverted pyramid style."
assist you in preparing a news release: This means that the more important information comes first in case the
reporter doesn’t have space or time for the entire release and wants to
"cut" it from the bottom.

2. Include at least two of the five W’s (Who, What, Where, When, and include school and school system newsletters and other publications, com-
Why) in the lead (first) paragraph. Your lead paragraph should grab the munity magazines, club and organization newsletters, and church bulletins.
reporter’s attention and make him/her want to read and report the news Don’t forget to send them an original copy of your news release.
the release contains.
A News Conference gives your group the opportunity to release important
3. The second paragraph should answer the other W’s.
information to all the news media at once. Here are some tips for setting up
4. Identify your spokesperson no later than the third paragraph. a news conference:
5. Use quotes to make an emotional point or state an opinion. A good

news release contains two to four quotes. Remember to obtain the • Schedule the news conference for a slow news time. You will be more
quoted person’s permission, and let him/her know when the news will likely to get a good turnout of reporters.
be released so that he/she can be prepared to respond to any media
calls for additional details.
• Select a location appropriate for your announcement. In the case of a
student drug use report that has implications for the entire community,
6. The last paragraph should include background information on your school you may want to consider the school, City Hall, or some youth oriented
or organization – a "commercial" for the work you are doing. Include site in the community.
purpose, size, non-profit status or other pertinent information.
• Develop a good presentation. Include your key spokespeople, but also
7. Double-check names, dates, places, numbers, and quotes for accuracy. include parents and young people who represent the populations af-
Your credibility as a source of information is jeopardized when details fected by the survey announcement.
of a news release are inaccurate.
• Develop a Media Alert to let reporters/editors know about the confer-
ence, and notify them 5 to 7 days in advance.
Send an original copy of the news release to all appropriate names on
• Phone the media to remind them to schedule the news conference on
your media list. Follow-up by phone is important to make sure the release
their calendars.
arrived, answer any questions, provide more information, and offer spokes-
people to be interviewed by phone or in person. • Develop an information packet to distribute to the media at the con-
ference and to others who are unable to attend. Include your news
End your conversation by thanking the reporter or editor for his/her time release, fact sheets and brochures, and recent news clippings on the
and interest. And, when the story appears in print or on the air, phone or drug problem. You may want to provide biographies of your leaders
write the reporter/editor a brief but sincere "thank you." Remember, a well and/or spokespeople.
written news release containing valid and interesting data should receive wide
distribution in the news media.
EDITORIALS, LETTERS TO THE EDITOR, AND PUBLIC SERVICE AN-
SPECIALIZED PUBLICATIONS AND NEWS CONFERENCES NOUNCEMENTS
In addition to the news media in your community, there will be a number Editorials in newspapers and on radio and television express definite opin-
of specialized publications that will be interested in your survey data. They ions on important issues that face the community. Editorials may be produced

by the media from materials you provide to them, or you may be asked to read will make the presentation more interesting and informative to the audience.
your own editorial on radio or television as a "community comment." Opinion Necessary arrangements should be made with the organization’s program
pages in newspapers and letters to the editor are other good ways to express chairman. Background information (perhaps a news release) could help the
your viewpoint on the problem of early adolescent alcohol and drug use in the group to promote your presentation among its membership.
community.
GUIDELINES FOR PRESENTATION OF STUDENT DRUG USE RESULTS
Radio and television make time available to local nonprofit groups for free
announcements that benefit the community by providing needed information Length of Presentation
or linking individuals with services. Your student drug use report will be of
interest to Public Service Directors of radio and television who may decide to An important consideration in preparing a presentation is the length of
air public service announcements (PSA’s) to heighten the community aware- time you are expected to address the group. Usually civic and business
ness about prevalence and patterns of elementary school students’ use of groups have a limited time available for a program – as little as 5 or 10 min-
gateway drugs. utes in some cases. This means only a fraction of the information may be
presented. Once again, concentrate on the type of audience and what you
think they will be interested in and need to hear. It is more important to leave
5.4.3 Presentations to School/Community Groups the audience wanting to know more than having them feeling uncomfortable
by exceeding your allotted time. If possible, leave a few minutes for questions
at the end of your presentation, and always promise to provide additional
An excellent means of reaching the community leadership is through presen- information through print materials or a return appearance.
tations to school, parent, civic, business, and religious groups. These groups
are concerned with community issues, particularly those related to the safety Matching Survey Results to the Audience
and welfare of youth. Often these organizations will invite prevention leaders
to speak at their meetings. While media coverage will help to make known In structuring your presentation, keep in mind your audience. If the pre-
your prevention efforts, you will want to contact appropriate groups and orga- sentation is to teachers and administrators, you may want to emphasize stu-
nizations in your community to offer a program on student drug and alcohol dents’ perceptions of the harmful effects of gateway drug use. Teachers and
abuse and strategies for combating it. administrators will be interested in how often students say they talk to teach-
ers about the harmful effects of drug use. Elementary students’ perceptions
The interests, needs, and abilities of your audience should be kept in of where and how they get gateway drugs are important to determine if such
mind when preparing your presentation. For example, parents are concerned perceptions are realistic.
about drug use that may affect their children and their children’s friends; busi-
ness leaders are mindful of the need for a drug-free work force that includes If the presentation is targeted to parents, frequency of use and availability
workers’ children and future workers. of drugs are important data to share. Help parents to realize their responsibil-
ity for their child’s actions regarding gateway drug use and the importance of
Select a poised, articulate spokesperson who is thoroughly familiar with becoming involved in community drug prevention programs. Civic and busi-
the student data. The graphs, tables, and narrative discussion of the data ness groups, law enforcement officers, and court officials will be particularly
in this report should assist the speaker in presenting pertinent and mean- interested in the current use and availability of gateway drugs to minors.
ingful information. Such presentations are easy to prepare and deliver, and

Organizing Survey Results • relevant to the interests of the audience
Graphs are very effective in communicating the meaning of data. They • supportive of local drug efforts.
enable audiences to "see" the relationship you are explaining. Bar graphs
located in this report can be utilized in describing gateway drug use. However,
Using Visual Aids
you can lose the audience’s attention with too many graphs. Tables are also
effective if they are kept simple.
When presenting statistical data, it is advisable to use some visual aids.
These may range from a simple handout to more elaborate aids, depending
Short sentences or phrases called bullets are an excellent way to commu-
upon the resources and time available to the school or other organizations
nicate your findings. Bullets can stand alone, be included in a list of findings,
concerned with drug abuse prevention. A single visual aid may be used, or
or accompany a graph or table. The following are examples of bullets that
combination aids may be chosen when preparing for a presentation. Often
can be used in presentations:
the time parameters may determine what and how many visual aids can be
used. However, you should be cautious not to use too many visual aids or
• ONE IN FIVE STUDENTS IN GRADES SEVEN AND EIGHT REPORTED rely too heavily on the aids so that the information presented and flow of the
USING BEER AND/OR WINE COOLERS WITHIN THE PAST YEAR presentation is diminished.
• ONLY ONE PERCENT OF (–YOUR SCHOOL NAME–) STUDENTS The following are types of presentation aids that you may want to con-
IN GRADES FOUR THROUGH SIX REPORTED USING MARIJUANA sider:
WITHIN THE PAST YEAR
• OVER ONE-THIRD OF STUDENTS IN UPPER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 1. PowerPoint Presentations – have become popular, but require spe-
REPORTED THAT BEER AND WINE COOLERS WERE EASY TO
cial equipment, (i.e. laptop computer with projector). One of the advan-
GET BY THEIR PEERS AND NEARLY ONE-FOURTH INDICATED LIQUOR
tages of a PowerPoint Presentation is that handouts can be generated
WAS EASY TO GET
directly from the presentation without the need to prepare them sepa-
• ONE-FOURTH OF SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS IN –YOUR SCHOOL rately;
NAME– REPORTED MARIJUANA AS EASILY ACCESSIBLE TO THEIR
2. Handouts – are useful in addition to other types of aids and are easy
PEERS
to transport, and provide a take-home product, but can be expensive
to produce, may be difficult to utilize with large audiences, and may
distract attention from your presentation;
A combination of graphics, tables and bullets are suggested in a presen-
tation to add variety and keep audience attention. It should be kept in mind 3. Overhead transparencies – are easy and inexpensive to make, can
that a good presentation is: be viewed by large audiences, but can be cumbersome to use and
require an on-site projector and screen;
• straightforward 4. Flip charts and poster boards – are easy to use, fairly easy to trans-
port, and require no special equipment, but are sometimes expensive
• easy to understand

and time consuming to make and can only be viewed by a relatively

small audience;
5. Slides – are easy to use and can be viewed by large audiences, but
are difficult and expensive to make, and require an on-site projector
and screen;
6. Video tapes – provide a canned, consistent approach to a topic, utilize

expertise of presenter(s) on tape, and are easy to use, but are very time
consuming and expensive to make, require technical expertise for qual-
ity product, require on-site play-back equipment, and may be difficult to
use with large audiences.
YOUR NOTES:

5.4.4 Sample Press Release ** Page 2 **
Although few drugs are consumed during school hours, the survey de-
FOR RELEASE (Time) (Contact Name)
(Date) (Phone) tected both drug and alcohol use outside of school, according to (Last Name
of School Official).
Alcohol remained the "drug of choice" of the young people surveyed in

MOST DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE OCCURS
(Locality).
OUTSIDE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
____ percent of the senior high students (grades ____) drank beer in the
(City), (State), (Date) – Students in grades ____ in (Name of School Sys- past year;
tem) use drugs and alcohol at nights and weekends, but few of them report * ____ percent reported liquor use;
ever taking drugs or alcohol during school hours. * ____ percent drank wine coolers.
In junior high (grades ____), ____ percent drank beer; ____ percent
"The results of our survey indicates that we have a community drug prob-
drank liquor; and ____ percent drank wine coolers.
lem in (Locality), not just a school drug problem," said (Name & Title of School
Official). Cocaine and Marijuana
More than (approximate # students surveyed) students were surveyed in Local students reported less use of cocaine than marijuana, but drug pre-
grades ____ through ____ to determine the extent and nature of drug use by vention specialists like Dr. Thomas J. Gleaton, Jr., president of Pride Surveys
adolescents in this community. Nationally, Pride Surveys, the research group cautions that any use of cocaine is disturbing, particularly at young ages.
that developed the Questionnaire used in this survey, found that students re- Marijuana use during the past year was reported by ____ percent of the
port drug use primarily at two specific times: "Week Nights" and "Weekends". students in senior high, and ____ percent in junior high. Cocaine was re-
Very little use is reported during school. ported by ____ percent of the senior high students, and
*** MORE *** *** MORE ***

** Page 3 **
____ percent of the junior high students.
When
The most popular times for marijuana use were: weekends, ____ percent;
week nights, ____ percent; and after school, ____ percent.
The Pride Questionnaire
The Pride Questionnaire has undergone continous development since
1982 and provides reliable and accurate information for monitoring adoles-
cent drug use. Pride Surveys is America’s largest survey of adolescent drug
use. It is based in Bowling Green, Ky (1-800-279-6361). For additional infor-
mation on national trends, visit the Pride Surveys website at www.pridesurveys.com.
##

Chapter 6
Drug-Free Communities Support Program Core Measures
The Drug-Free Communities Support Program, administered by the Cen- as Moderate Risk or Great Risk.
ter for Substance Abuse Prevention, requests specific data which is typically
referred to as the Core Measures. The drug categories measured are to- Perception of Disapproval The questions How wrong would your parents
bacco, alcohol and marijuana. The first table is broken down by grade level feel it would be for you to use ...? and How wrong would your friends
and the second is broken down by gender. A Combined drug category has feel it would be for you to use ...? are used to measure this statistic
been created for all of these areas. The questions regarding Availability and by reporting the percentage of students who report that parents/friends
Friends’ Use are not typically part of the Core Measures but have been in- would feel it is Wrong or Very Wrong to use tobacco, alcohol and mari-
cluded at the request of school systems using the Pride Surveys Question- juana.
naire. Age of Onset The question At what age did you first use...? is used to mea-
sure this statistic. The possible responses to this question range from
10 or Under to 17 or Older. The table shows the percent of students
30-Day Use The question How often do you use? is used to measure this who reported an age of first use, the sample size and the average age
statistic by reporting the percentage of students who report using Once of onset of use of those students who answered the question with a
a Month or more often. response other than Never Used.
Perception of Risk The question Do you feel the following drugs are harmful
to your health? is used to measure this statistic by reporting the per-
centage of students who report that using the drug is Harmful or Very
Harmful to their health. (Note: In order to comply with federal guidlines
an additional question was added to the questionnaire regarding use
of alcohol on a regular basis as opposed to any use of alcohol at all.
Respones to this question are analogous with the other harm questions
and include No Risk, Slight Risk, Moderate Risk and Great Risk. Per-
ception of risk results regarding alcohol are based on the new question
and report the percentage of students who regard regular alcohol use
228
Table 6.1: Outcome Measures by Grade

Combined
Outcomes Substance Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12 Grades
% n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n
Alcohol 6.2 2012 10.8 1930 17.6 2008 24.7 1897 26.1 1840 26.2 1342 18.0 11029
30-Day Use Tobacco 2.4 2015 6.1 1933 9.6 2009 15.1 1899 13.9 1843 14.4 1342 9.9 11041
Marijuana 2.0 2010 5.9 1922 10.3 2003 15.4 1887 14.8 1835 13.8 1337 10.1 10994
Combined 6.9 2019 12.9 1934 21.0 2012 28.4 1899 30.5 1844 30.8 1342 21.1 11050
Perception Alcohol 78.0 1852 75.7 1816 75.0 1935 72.4 1801 75.0 1783 80.4 1321 75.9 10508
of Tobacco 78.1 1962 77.1 1919 81.5 2013 74.9 1917 80.0 1852 83.1 1352 78.9 11015
Risk Marijuana 78.3 1948 76.0 1907 75.5 2003 61.7 1906 64.1 1838 63.6 1348 70.3 10950
Combined 88.9 2008 89.5 1929 91.8 2024 86.3 1921 90.6 1858 93.6 1358 89.9 11098
Perception Alcohol 87.4 1941 83.7 1820 80.8 1969 72.0 1816 75.4 1786 74.8 1316 79.3 10648
of Parental Tobacco 92.4 1956 91.0 1828 92.7 1973 83.5 1834 88.5 1793 88.4 1320 89.5 10704
Disapproval Marijuana 93.2 1934 92.2 1818 93.5 1965 85.7 1819 89.9 1787 91.2 1314 91.0 10637
Combined 93.9 1958 93.2 1833 95.1 1977 88.6 1837 92.4 1799 93.0 1320 92.7 10724
% / n / Age % / n / Age % / n / Age % / n / Age % / n / Age % / n / Age % / n / Age % / n / Age
Alcohol 22.6 / 1998 / 10.9 34.6 / 1902 / 11.3 48.7 / 2005 / 11.8 54.6 / 1889 / 12.5 59.3 / 1829 / 13.2 61.7 / 1338 / 14.0 45.9 / 10961 / 12.5
Age of Onset Tobacco 9.9 / 2011 / 11.2 15.1 / 1910 / 11.2 23.8 / 2000 / 11.8 29.3 / 1886 / 12.3 31.2 / 1832 / 13.0 32.9 / 1336 / 13.6 23.0 / 10975 / 12.4
Marijuana 4.3 / 2011 / 11.7 10.5 / 1908 / 11.9 17.6 / 1999 / 12.4 24.5 / 1886 / 12.9 27.9 / 1830 / 13.7 27.0 / 1332 / 14.3 18.0 / 10966 / 13.1
Drug-Free Communities Support Program Core Measures 229

Table 6.2: Outcome Measures by Gender

Combined
Outcomes Substance Male Female Genders
% n % n % n
Alcohol 17.3 4999 17.7 4963 17.5 9962
30-Day Use Tobacco 11.0 5004 8.2 4968 9.6 9972
Marijuana 11.6 4982 8.0 4948 9.8 9930
Combined 21.4 5011 19.7 4968 20.6 9979
Perception Alcohol 72.6 4736 79.5 4793 76.1 9529
of Tobacco 76.4 4969 82.1 4977 79.2 9946
Risk Marijuana 66.2 4940 75.1 4950 70.6 9890
Combined 88.6 5022 91.8 5001 90.2 10023
Perception Alcohol 78.3 4794 81.1 4846 79.7 9640
of Parental Tobacco 87.9 4821 91.9 4869 89.9 9690
Disapproval Marijuana 89.8 4787 92.8 4847 91.3 9634
Combined 91.7 4833 94.3 4875 93.0 9708
% / n / Age % / n / Age % / n / Age
Alcohol 43.8 / 4955 / 12.4 46.9 / 4959 / 12.5 45.4 / 9914 / 12.4
Age of Onset Tobacco 24.7 / 4966 / 12.2 20.1 / 4964 / 12.6 22.4 / 9930 / 12.4
Marijuana 19.8 / 4956 / 13.0 15.3 / 4962 / 13.3 17.5 / 9918 / 13.1
Drug-Free Communities Support Program Core Measures 230

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PRIDE

Questionnaire Report for Grades 6 to 12

Irving Independent Schools

March 13, 2009

4 Percentage Tables 146

5 Narrative Report 210

6 Drug-Free Communities Support Program Core Measures 228

1.1 Number of Students Surveyed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.1 Core Measures for All Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.1 Attend Church or Synagogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

4.1 Ethnic Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

5.1 30-Day Use of Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

6.1 Outcome Measures by Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Table 1.1: Number of Students Surveyed

1.2.2 Monthly Use

• Perception of Risk - the percentage of students who reported that

• Perception of Parental Disapproval of Use - the percentage of stu-

• Perception of friend’s Disapproval of Use - the percentage of stu-

• Age of Onset of Use - average age of first use

2.1 Core Measures 2.2 Annual and Monthly Use

2.3 Where Students Use 2.5 Risk Factors

2.6 Protective Factors

Table 2.6: Percentage Of Students Protected

The following graphs will assist you in understanding the relationship of

Research indicates that easy access, Availability, to drugs increases the

3.1 Frequency of Use

3.1.1 Annual Use

Any Tobacco Any Alcohol Any Illicit Drug

Annual Use of Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco and Cigars

Cigarettes Smokeless Tobacco Cigars

Annual Use of Beer, Coolers and Liquor

Annual Use of Marijuana, Cocaine, Uppers and Downers

Marijuana Cocaine Uppers Downers

Annual Use of Inhalants, Hallucinogens, Heroin and Steroids

Inhalants Hallucinogens Heroin Steroids

Annual Use of Ecstasy, OxyContin and Meth

Ecstasy OxyContin Meth

3.1.2 30-Day Use

Any Tobacco Any Alcohol Any Illicit Drug

30-Day Use of Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco and Cigars

Cigarettes Smokeless Tobacco Cigars

30-Day Use of Beer, Coolers and Liquor

30-Day Use of Marijuana, Cocaine, Uppers and Downers

Marijuana Cocaine Uppers Downers

30-Day Use of Inhalants, Hallucinogens, Heroin and Steroids

Inhalants Hallucinogens Heroin Steroids

30-Day Use of Ecstasy, OxyContin and Meth

Ecstasy OxyContin Meth

3.2 Perception of Risk

Perception of Risk -- Any Tobacco

No Harm Some Harm Harmful Very Harmful

Perception of Risk -- Regular Alcohol Use

No Risk Slight Risk Moderate Risk Great Risk

Perception of Risk -- Cigarettes

No Harm Some Harm Harmful Very Harmful

Perception of Risk -- Smokeless Tobacco

No Harm Some Harm Harmful Very Harmful

Perception of Risk -- Cigars

No Harm Some Harm Harmful Very Harmful

Perception of Risk -- Beer

No Harm Some Harm Harmful Very Harmful

Perception of Risk -- Coolers, Breezers, etc.

Perception of Risk -- Liquor

No Harm Some Harm Harmful Very Harmful