TRAINING

PALFINGER
electronics

Tools
electronics

Original training document

2015/08
PALFINGER AG
Franz-Wolfram-Scherer-Straße 24
5020 Salzburg / Austria
www.palfinger.com
Content electronics

Content
1 General........................................................................................... 4
1.1 Introduction and handling of this document ..................................... 4
1.2 Validity ............................................................................................ 4
1.3 Symbols in this document ............................................................... 4

2 Tools of electrical engineering ..................................................... 5

2.1 Screw driver.................................................................................... 5
2.2 Cable shear .................................................................................... 6
2.3 Stripping tools ................................................................................. 6
2.4 Crimping pliers and crimping pliers for end sleeves ........................ 7
2.5 Ferrules .......................................................................................... 8
2.6 Measuring instrument ................................................................... 10
2.7 Electrical measurement devices ................................................... 11

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electronics General

1 General

1.1 Introduction and handling of this document

This PALFINGER training document is a technical description about systems on a loader
crane. It will be expensed for PALFINGER trainings on loader cranes and should be a
reference book for service and repair work.
These training documents have been produced for PALFINGER service workshops. An
appropriate knowledge about the product and a basic education will be assumed.

1.2 Validity
This training document applies without any time limitation for the described system.
It is possible due to further developments that newer versions of this document are already
available.
The respectively newest edition of this training document and further technical documents
are available on the PALFINGER Extranet in the range PALIPEDIA / service documents.
Registration can be done at https://www.palfinger.com
PALFINGER keeps the right to change the documents at any times without notice.
© Copyright by PALFINGER
Copying (also in Extracts) only after written permission from:
PALFINGER AG
Franz-Wolfram-Scherer-Straße 24
A-5020 Salzburg/Austria

1.3 Symbols in this document

To make the document clearly structured and easily readable, important references,
instructions and risks are highlighted by symbols and special words.

Caution!
Symbol and special word will be used for imminent danger.
If the safety instructions are ignored, acute danger for life exists for the operator and
others.

Attention!
Symbol and special word will be used for imminent danger.
If the safety instructions are ignored, acute danger for life exists for the operator and
others.

Note!
Symbol and special word will be used for a very important note which makes
operation of the machine easier.

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Tools of electrical engineering electronics

2 Tools of electrical engineering

Special tools for different tasks are used in the electrical engineering like in the hydraulics.
Special tools are used to work safe and fast on electrical facilities.

2.1 Screw driver

The most common clamp is a screw-clamp. To get the connection tight enough to enable a
stable connection special screw drivers are used.

PALFINGER is using instead of screw clamps spring cages. This type of clamps fix the wire
with a spring. To loosen the spring a screw driver of the right size is used.

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electronics Tools of electrical engineering

2.2 Cable shear

Cable shears are used for a clean and easy cut throught wires.

2.3 Stripping tools

2.3.1 Stripping blade
A stripping blade can be used to remove the insulation around a wire
The blade used should not be too sharp. A sharp blade can damage the pRedective layer on
the wire itself.

2.3.2 Wire stripper

A wire stripper is used to remove the insulation of single wires. Be careful not to damage the
single strands of a thin flexible wire, because that would reduce its profile considerably!
The depicted wire stripper can be used for wires 0.5mm² to 6.0mm².

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Tools of electrical engineering electronics

2.4 Crimping pliers and crimping pliers for end sleeves

2.4.1 Crimping pliers for end sleeves
Flexible wires that have fine strands have to be connected using an end sleeve. This
reduces the risk of reducing the cross section of the wire at the screw terminal.
The depicted crimping plier for end sleeves can be used to crimp end sleeves up to 6.0mm².

2.4.2 Crimping pliers

Crimping pliers are used to crimp cable lugs to wires. In automotive applications usually
cable lugs ranging from 1.5mm² to 4.0mm²are used.

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electronics Tools of electrical engineering

2.5 Ferrules
Ferrules are used to pRedect the insulated ends of braided wire. When fitted with ferrules,
those wires can be plugged into terminals easily and without damaging the single strands.
Some ferrules also provide pRedection against bending of the end. It is generally
recoomended to use ferrules.
The color of the ferrule tells about the maximum cross section, and is standardiyed by
IEC 46228

Cross section Color according to IEC 46228

0,50mm² White

0,75mm² Grey

1,00mm² Red

1,50mm² Schwarz

2,50mm² Blue

4,00mm² Grey

6,00mm² Gelb

10,00mm² Red

16,00mm² Blue

25,00mm² Gelb

35,00mm² Red

50,00mm² Blue

70,00mm² Gelb

95,00mm² Red

120,00mm² Blue

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Tools of electrical engineering electronics

Ferrules

Mounted ferrules

Working with the clamp pliers

Properly crimped ferrules

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electronics Tools of electrical engineering

2.6 Measuring instrument

Measuring tools and measuring instruments are used to measure voltage, current,
resistance, etc.
There are also measuring instruments to measure magnetic fields.
There is a big range of different measurement devices from the simple voltage tester to the
oscilloscope.
2.6.1 Voltage tester
Voltage testers are used to check if a cable is + or -. The result is shown by an LED. The
amount of voltage, amperage or resistance cannot be measured.

2.6.2 Magnetic field tester

Magnetic field testers are used to test magnetic fields. They are used in electro hydraulics to
check magnet valves or other devices with magnetic coils like relays.

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Tools of electrical engineering electronics

2.7 Electrical measurement devices

Electric currents, voltages and resistances are usually measured with a combined
measurement device. These devices can usually also be switched between direct and
alternating current.

 Alternating current and direct current

 Measuring amperage, volt and resistance

The correct operating mode has to be selected to get the right readings.
A measurement device to measure voltage is called voltmeter one to measure amperage
amperemeter. A device that can measure multiple things is called multimeter.

2.7.1 Analogue multimeter

Analogue multimeters show the measured value on multiple scales. The correct scale has to
be read for what is being measured.
Analogue multimeters are moving-coil instruments.

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electronics Tools of electrical engineering

2.7.2 Digital multimeter

Digital multimeters translate the analogue measurements using an analogue-digital
converter. They show the measurement in numbers on a display.
Digital multimeter have a simple construction.
They are simple to use because it is always clear what is shown on the display.
Digital multimeters are usually also protected against overloading and wrong polarity

Usage of a digital multimeter

Each multimeter is different and working with each of them is never the
same. Basically each of them work the same way but it is always
necessary to read the manual before using it.

Information about measurement fundamentals is written in Physical

Fundamentals.

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