1. A vertical column of water will be supported to what height by standard atmospheric pressure.

2. A tank contains a mixture of 20 kg of nitrogen and 20 kg of carbon monoxide. The total tank
volume is 20 m3. Determine the density and specific volume of the mixture.
3. An automobile has a 1200-kg mass and is accelerated to 7m/s 2. Determine the force required to
perform this acceleration.
4. A hiker is carrying a barometer that measures 101.3 kPa at the base of the mountain. The
barometer reads 85.0 kPa at the top of the mountain. The average air density is 1.21 kg/m 3.
Determine the height of the mountain.
5. Convert 225 kPa into (a) atmospheres; (b) mm Hg absolute.
6. A skin diver wants to determine the pressure exerted by the water on her body after a descent
of 35 m to a sunken ship. The specific gravity of seawater is 1.02 times that of pure water (1000
kg/m3). Determine the pressure.
7. A new temperature scale is desired with freezing of water at 0°Xand boiling at atmospheric
pressure occurring at 1000°X. Derive a conversion between degrees Celsius and degrees X. What
is the absolute zero in degrees X?
8. A 50-kg frictionless piston fits inside a 20-cm-diameter vertical pipe and is pulled up to a height
of 6.1 m. The pipe’s lower end is immersed in water, and atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. The
gravitational acceleration is 9.45 m/s2. Determine (a) the force required to hold the piston at the
6.1-m mark; (b) the pressure of the water on the underside of the piston.
9. A spring scale is used to measure force and to determine the mass of a sample of moon rocks on
the moon’s surface. The springs were calibrated for the earth’s gravitational acceleration of 9.8
m/s2. The scale reads 4.5 kg, and the moon’s gravitational attraction is 1.8m/s 2. Determine the
sample mass. What would the reading be on a beam balance scale?
10. Determine the pressure at points A and B in the figure shown if the density of mercury is
13,590.0 kg/m3 and that of water is 1000.0 kg/m 3.
11. For the situation sketched below, the following information is known: PH2O = 1000 kg/m3, PH2 =
13,590.0 kg/m3, g= 9.8m/s-2, P1 = 500 kPa. Determine PII.
12. The piston shown above is held in equilibrium by the pressure of the gas flowing through the
pipe. The piston has a mass of 21 kg; Pt = 600 kPa; PII = 170 kPa. Determine the pressure of the
gas in the pipe, PIII –
13. Referring to problem 12, PI = 350 kPa, Pu = 130 kPa, PIII = 210 kPa. Find the mass of the piston.
14. A new temperature scale is proposed where the boiling and freezing points of water at
atmospheric pressure are 500°X and 100°X, respectively. Determine absolute zero for this new
temperature scale.
15. A diver descends 100 m to a sunken ship. A container is found with a pressure gage reading 100
kPa (gage). Atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. What is the absolute pressure of the gas in the
container? (The density of water is 1000 kg/m 3).
16. A room is 10 m by 10 m by 3 m. Determine the mass and weight of air in the room if the air’s
average density is 1.18 kg/m3. o
17. A beer barrel has a mass of 10 kg and volume of 20 liters. Assuming the density of beer is 1000
kg/m3, determine the total mass and weight of the barrel when it is filled with beer.
18. A tank’s pressure gage indicates that the pressure in the tank is 300 kPa (gage) where the
atmospheric pressure is 745 mm Hg. Determine the tank’s absolute pressure.
19. A tank has a vacuum gage attached to it indicating 20 kPa (vacuum) where the atmospheric
pressure is 100 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure in the tank.
20. A tank has a vacuum gage attached to it indicating 35 kPa (vacuum) where the atmospheric
pressure is 740 mm Hg. Determine the absolute pressure in the tank.
21. A barometer can be used to measure an airplane’s altitude by comparing the barometric
pressure at a given flying altitude to that on the ground. Determine an airplane’s altitude if the
pilot measures the barometric pressure at 700 mm Hg, the ground reports it at 758 mm Hg, and
the average air density is 1.19 kg/m3. g = 9.8 m/s2.
22. The pressures in the problem 21 are now 90 kPa aboard the plane and 101 kPa at ground level.
What is the plane’s altitude if the average air density is 1.19 kg/m 3 and g = 9.8 m/s2?
23. A submarine is cruising 200 m below the ocean’s surface. Determine the pressure on the
submarine’s surface if atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa and the density of seawater is 1030
kg/m3. g= 9.8m/s2.
24. A vertical, frictionless piston cylinder contains air at a pressure of 300 kPa with atmospheric
pressure of 100 kPa. The diameter of the piston is 0.25 m, and g = 9.8m/s2. Determine the
piston’s mass.
25. The vertical, frictionless piston-cylinder shown below contains a gas at an unknown pressure.
The piston has a mass of 10 kg and a cross-sectional area of 75 cm 2. The spring exerts a
downward force of 100 N on the piston, and atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Determine the
pressure of the gas.
26. For the configuration in problem 25, let the pressure in the cylinder be 200 kPa, atmospheric
pressure be 100 kPa, and the mass of the piston be 12 kg. Determine the spring force on the
piston.
27. The weight of a bridge crane plus its load equals 100 metric tons (1 metric ton = 1000 kg). It is
driven by a motor and travels at 1.17 m/s along the crane rails. Determine the energy that must
be absorbed by the brakes in stopping the crane.
28. An elastic sphere of 0.5-m diameter contains a gas at 115 kPa. Heating of the sphere causes it to
increase to 0.62 m, and during this process the pressure is proportional to the sphere diameter.
Determine the work done by the gas.
29. A fluid at 700 kPa, with a specific volume of 0.25 m 3/kg and a velocity of 175 m/s, enters a
device. Heat loss from the device by radiation is 23 kJ/kg. The work done by the fluid is 465
kJ/kg. The fluid exists at 136 kPa, 0.94 m3/kg, and 335 m/s. Determine the change in internal
energy.
30. An air compressor handles 8.5 m 3/min of air with a density of 1.26 kg/m 3 and a pressure of 1
atm, and it discharges at 445 kPa (gage) with a density of 4.86 kg/m 3. The change in specific
internal energy across the compressor is 82 kJ/kg, and the heat loss by cooling is 24 kJ/kg.
Neglecting changes in kinetic and potential energies, find the power in kW.
31. A centrifugal pump compresses 3000 liters/min of water from 98 kPa to 300 kPa. The inlet and
outlet temperatures are 25°C. The inlet and discharge piping are on the same level, but the
diameter of the inlet piping is 15 cm, whereas that of the discharge piping is 10 cm. Determine
the pump power in kW.
32. Two gaseous steams containing the same fluid enter a mixing chamber and leave as a single
stream. For the first gas the entrance conditions are A 1 = 500 cm2, V1 = 130 m/s, P1 = 1.60 kg/m3.
For the second gas the entrance conditions are A 2 = 400 cm2, M2 = 8.84 kg/s, V2 = 0.502 m3/kg.
The exit stream condition is V3 = 130 m/s and V3 = 0.437 m3/kg. Determine (a) the total mass
flow leaving the chamber; (b) the velocity of gas 2.
33. An insulated 2-kg box falls from a balloon 3.5 km above the earth. What is the change in internal
energy of the box after it has hit the earth’s surface?
34. A 4-mm-diameter steel wire, with the Young’s modulus (E) of the material equal to 2.067 x 10 8
kPa, has a length of 4 m and is gradually subjected to an axial force of 5000 N. Determine the
work done.
35. A closed gaseous system undergoes a reversible process in which 30 kJ of heat is rejected and
the volume changes from 0.14 m3 to 0.55 m3. The pressure is constant at 150 kPa. Determine (a)
the change in internal energy of the system; (b) the work done.
36. A fluid enters with a steady flow of 3.7 kg/s and an initial pressure of 690 kPa, an initial density
of 3.2 kg/m3, an initial velocity of 60 m/s, and an initial internal energy of 2000 kJ/kg. It leaves at
172 kPa, p= 0.64 kg/m3, v = 160 m/s, and u =1950 kJ/kg. The heat loss is found to be 18.6 kJ/kg.
Find the power in kW.
37. An air compressor compresses air with an enthalpy of 96.5 kJ/kg to a pressure and temperature
that have an enthalpy of 175 kJ/kg. There are 35 kJ/kg of heat lost from the compressor as the
air passes through it. Neglecting kinetic and potential energies, determine the power required
for an air mass flow of 0.4 kg/s.
38. Steam enters a turbine with a pressure of 4826 kPa, u = 2958 kJ/kg, h = 3263 kJ/kg, and a flow of
6.3 kg/s. Steam leaves with h = 2232 kJ/kg, u = 2102 kJ/kg, and p = 20.7 kPa. There is a radiative
heat loss equal to 23.3 kJ/kg of steam. Determine (a) the power produced; (b) the adiabatic
work; (c) the inlet specific volume; (d) the exit velocity if the exit area is 0.464 m2.
39. Steam flow rate of 1360 kg/h enters an adiabatic nozzle at 1378 kPa, 3.05 m/s, with a specific
volume of 0.147 m3/kg and a specific internal energy of 2510 kJ/kg. The exit conditions are p =
137.8 kPa, specific volume = 1.099 m3/kg, and an internal energy = 2263 kJ/kg. Determine the
exit velocity.
40. A steady flow system receives 1 kg/s of a substance with μ 1=¿ 1000 kJ/kg, p1 = 500 kPa; v1 = 1.2
m3/kg, and v1 = 50m/s. There is a heat loss of 100 kJ/kg, and the fluid exits at v 2 = 150 m/s, v2 =
0.8 m3/kg, P2 =100 kPa, and h2 = 1000 kJ/kg. Determine the power and the exit specific internal
energy.