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Effects of soils
on ground
motion;
liquefaction
Allan B. Benogsudan
MODULE 1 MODULE 2
Introduction to Measurement of
Earthquake Engineering earthquakes
(Week 1 ) (Week 2 )
Course MODULE 3
MODULE 4
(CHED)
(Week 3 )
(Week 4 )
MODULE 5 MODULE 6
Earthquake effects and Effects of Building
design of structures Configurations
(Week 5 ) (Week 6 )
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4.1 INTRODUCTION
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4.1 INTRODUCTION
4
4.1 INTRODUCTION
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4.1 INTRODUCTION
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4.2 SITE AND SOIL CONDITIONS
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4.2 SITE AND SOIL CONDITIONS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
4.3.3 Overview of 1997 UBC Table 3-3. — Soil Profile Types, 1997 UBC
types;
• The near-source factor, Nv, for long
periods is shown in Table 4-5 for the
different seismic source types.
4.3 SITE EFFECTS
𝑉 = 0.11𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊
With this additional minimum “floor,” the differences in the base shear for longer periods
between Zone 4 and the lesser zones at the longer structural periods are somewhat reduced.
Where:
di = thickness of Layer i in feet (or millimeters)
ds = the total thickness of cohesionless soil layers in the top 100 feet (30,480 millimeters)
Ni = the standard penetration resistance of soil layer in accordance with approved nationally
recognized standards
4.3 SITE EFFECTS
Where:
dc = the total thickness (100 – ds) of cohesive soil layers in the top 100 feet (30,480
millimeters)
Sui = the undrained shear strength in accordance with approved nationally recognized
standards, not to exceed 5,000 psf (250 kPa)
4.3 SITE EFFECTS
Where:
dc = the total thickness (100 – ds) of cohesive soil layers in the top 100 feet (30,480
millimeters)
Sui = the undrained shear strength in accordance with approved nationally recognized
standards, not to exceed 5,000 psf (250 kPa)
4.3 SITE EFFECTS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS
Solution: Soil profile type is SA, since vS > 1,500 m/sec.(From Table 4-3).
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4.3 SITE EFFECTS Depth (m)
0–6
Soil Type
sand
N-value
3
6-12 sand 3.6
12-18 sand 4.6
UBC
σ𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑑𝑖 6+6+6+12
Example 3 𝑑𝑖 = 6 6 6 12
σ𝑛 + + +
A soil profile has the following 𝑖=1𝑁
𝑖
10 12 15 18
description from the accompanying 30
30
boring logs. Determine the ഥ=
𝑁 =
appropriate soil profile type. 6 6 6 12 7.15
+ + +
Solution: Solution: Determine N , the 3 3.6 4.6 5.5
average field standard penetration = 4.19
resistance ഥ is < 15, soil profile type
Since 𝑁
is SE (Table 4-9). 43
Assignment
1. What are the methods of analysis for soil liquefaction, consequences resulting from liquefaction, and the
methods of estimating these effects?
2. What are the various methods and strategies to mitigate the effects of soil liquefaction and its merits?
3. Prepare for multiple choice or fill-in the blank format assessment from the resources provided.
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References
LEW, M. 2008. Chapter 03-Geotechnical Design Considerations. In: NAEIM, F. (ed.) The Seismic Design
Handbook. US: US Springer.
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