Chemical composition of indicator minerals from

orogenic gold deposits and glacial sediments of the

Val-d’Or district (Québec, Canada)

Mémoire

Donald Grzela

Maîtrise en sciences de la Terre

Maître ès sciences (M. Sc.)

Québec, Canada

© Donald Grzela, 2017

Résumé
Les tourmalines, les scheelites et les magnétites provenant des gisements aurifères
de type orogénique (n=22) et des sédiments glaciaires (n=5) du district minier de Val-d’Or
(Québec, Canada) ont été investiguées à la microsonde électronique (EPMA) et par ablation
laser et spectrométrie de masse à plasma à couplage inductif (LA-ICP-MS) afin de
déterminer leur signature chimique et d’évaluer leur potentiel en tant que minéraux
indicateurs pour l’exploration aurifère. Les tourmalines de Type I provenant de dépôts
aurifères de type orogénique encaissés dans des roches felsiques et intermédiaires calco-
alcalines montrent de faibles teneurs en V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn et Sn et une teneur élevée
en Mg par rapport aux tourmalines de Type II provenant de dépôts aurifères de type
orogénique encaissés dans des roches mafiques tholéiitiques. Les tourmalines de Type III
provenant de dépôts aurifères de type orogénique situés au contact entre des roches
mafiques volcaniques et métasédimentaires montrent une chimie similaire aux tourmalines
de Type I avec des teneurs en Li, Mn et Pb légèrement plus élevées. Les tourmalines des
gisements aurifères de type orogénique sont caractérisées par des teneurs en Zn, Cu, Sn
et Pb plus faibles que les tourmalines associées aux miniéralisations de type Cu-Zn, Pb-Zn-
Cu et Sn. Les tourmalines récupérées dans le till portent la signature chimique des
tourmalines provenant des gisements aurifères de type orogénique avec une majorité
portant la signature des tourmalines de Type I. Les scheelites provenant de dépôts aurifères
de type orogénique encaissés dans des intrusions calco-alcalines de composition
intermédiaire sont caractérisées par des teneurs en Na, ÉTR et Y plus élevées que les
scheelites provenant de dépôts aurifères encaissés dans des roches sédimentaires ou
mafiques. Les scheelites récupérées dans le till portent la signature chimique des scheelites
provenant des gisements aurifères de type orogénique. Les magnétites sont rare dans les
dépôts aurifères de type orogénique du district de Val-d’Or. Les magnétites d’origine
hydrothermale provenant des veines aurifères sont caractérisées par des teneurs plus
élevées en Cr, Zn, Mn, K, Ca, Ti et Al que les magnétites d’origine magmatique retrouvées
dans les roches encaissantes de composition dioritique ou gabbroique. Les magnétites
associées à la minéralisation aurifère forment des grains fins disséminés (<0,05 mm), ce
qui suggère que les magnétites grossières récupérées dans le till ne proviennent
probablement pas des veines de quartz aurifères.

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Abstract
Tourmalines, scheelites and magnetites from orogenic gold deposits (n=22) and
glacial sediments (n=5) of the Val-d’Or mining district (Québec, Canada) were investigated
by Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma
Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in order to determine their chemical signature and to
assess their potential as indicator minerals for gold exploration. Type I tourmalines from
orogenic gold deposits hosted in felsic and intermediate calc-alkaline rocks have low
contents of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, and Sn and a high content of Mg compared to Type II
tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits hosted in mafic tholeiitic rocks. Type III tourmalines
from orogenic gold deposits located at the contact between mafic volcanic and
metasedimentary rocks show a chemistry similar to Type I tourmalines with slightly higher
Li, Mn, and Pb contents. Tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits are characterized by
lower contents of Zn, Cu, Sn, and Pb than tourmalines associated to Cu-Zn, Pb-Zn-Cu, and
Sn mineralizations. Till tourmalines carry the chemical signature of tourmalines from
orogenic gold deposits with a majority carrying the signature of Type I tourmalines.
Scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district hosted in calc-alkaline
intrusions of intermediate composition are characterized by high Na, REE, and Y contents
compared to scheelites from sediment- or mafic-hosted gold deposits. Till scheelites carry
the chemical signature of scheelites from orogenic gold deposits. Magnetites are rare in
orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district. Magnetites of hydrothermal origin occuring in
gold veins are characterized by higher contents of Cr, Zn, Mn, K, Ca, Ti, and Al than
magnetites of magmatic origin found in the dioritic or gabbroic host rocks. Magnetites
associated to the gold mineralization form fine disseminated grains (<0.05 mm), which
suggests that the coarse magnetites recovered in the till probably do not originate from the
gold-bearing quartz veins.

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Table of contents
Résumé .......................................................................................................................................................... iii
Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................v
List of figures .................................................................................................................................................. ix
Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ xiii
Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... xv
Chapter 1 - Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Generalities ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Research objectives .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Presentation of the article .................................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 2 - Tourmaline, scheelite, and magnetite compositions from orogenic gold deposits and glacial
sediments of the Val-d'Or district (Québec, Canada): application to mineral exploration ................................... 5
2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Geological setting .............................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.1 Regional geology .......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Gold mineralization ..................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.3 Quaternary geology..................................................................................................................... 12
2.3 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 13
2.3.1 Sample selection ......................................................................................................................... 13
2.3.2 Sample preparation ..................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.3 Analytical methods ...................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.4 Statistical methods ...................................................................................................................... 17
2.4 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 18
2.4.1 Gold grains count in till ................................................................................................................ 18
2.4.2 Petrography ................................................................................................................................ 20
2.4.3 Geochemistry of tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits and till samples ................................ 24
2.4.4 Geochemistry of scheelites from orogenic gold deposits and till samples .................................. 39
2.4.5 Geochemistry of magnetites from orogenic gold deposits and till samples ................................. 48
2.5 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 50
2.5.1 Compositional variations in tourmaline ....................................................................................... 50
2.5.2 Discriminating tourmaline composition using principal component analysis ............................... 52
2.5.3 Tourmaline in till: application to mineral exploration.................................................................... 54

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 2.5.4 Incorporation of rare earth elements in scheelite ........................................................................ 55
2.5.5 Discriminating scheelite composition using principal component analysis .................................. 56
2.5.6 Scheelite in till: application to mineral exploration ....................................................................... 57
2.5.7 Magnetite in till: application to mineral exploration ...................................................................... 59
2.6 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 59
Chapter 3 - Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 63
Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................... 67
Appendices ....................................................................................................................................................... 75
Appendix I: A summary of relevant geological information for deposits used in this study ........................... 75
Appendix II: List of samples and thin sections from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district ............. 76
Appendix III: List of till samples .................................................................................................................... 87
Appendix IV: List of samples disaggregated by electric pulse disaggregation ............................................. 88
Appendix V: Processing flow sheet for heavy mineral concentrates ............................................................ 89
Appendix VI: Detection limits for EPMA analyses ........................................................................................ 90
Appendix VII: Detection limits for LA-ICP-MS analyses ............................................................................... 93
Appendix VIII: Electron probe micro-analysis data ....................................................................................... 95
Appendix IX: Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data ..................................... 110

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List of figures
Figure 1: Simplified regional geological map of the Val-d’Or orogenic gold vein field showing the distribution of
quartz-carbonate and quartz-tourmaline-carbonate veins and till samples used in this study and the ice flow
directions in the study area. Numbers in figure referring to gold deposits and prospects are as follow: 1: Lapa;
2: Kiena; 3: Siscoe; 4: Goldex; 5: Vein No. 5; 6: Sigma; 7: Lamaque Sud; 8: Audet; 9: Nord-Ouest;
10: Orenada; 11: Lac Herbin; 12: Paramaque; 13: Snowbank; 14: Canmet (nord); 15: O’Connell;
16: Beaufor; 17: Lucien Béliveau/New Béliveau; 18: Brosnor; 19: Buffadison; 20: Sigma 2; 21: Bloc Sud;
22: Lac Simon. See Appendix I for a summary of relevant geological information for each deposit. Geological
map modified from Beaudoin and Pitre (2005) and ice flow directions after Paradis (2007). ...................... 11

Figure 2: Proportion of indicator minerals recovered from till samples relative to distance for (A) gold grains
recovered in till normalized to 10 kg samples, (B) tourmaline and scheelite grains recovered in the HMC
fraction 0.25 to 0.5 mm normalized to 10 kg samples, and (C) magnetite, hematite, titanomagnetite, ilmenite,
and chromite grains recovered from the ferromagnetic fraction 0.5 to 2.0 mm. Samples 14-DG-001 (-15 km);
14-DG-002 (-12 km); 14-DG-005 (-6 km); 14-DG-004 (-2 km); Larder Lake-Cadillac Fault Zone (0 km); 14-
DG-003 (4 km). The gray zone represents the limits of the Val-d’Or district. Chromite: Chr; Hematite: Hem;
Ilmenite: Ilm; Magnetite: Mag; Scheelite: Sch; Titanomagnetite: Ti-Mag; Tourmaline: Tur. ........................ 19

Figure 3: Photographs and microphotographs of tourmaline textures from quartz veins and till samples of the
Val-d’Or district. (A) Tourmalines occur as black euhedral needles in a quartz-tourmaline vein (Goldex). (B)
Concentric and sector zoned tourmalines (Lac Herbin). (C) Concentric zoned tourmalines showing a light
brown rim (Lapa). (D) Concentric zoned tourmalines showing a dark brown rim (Sigma 2). (E) Patchy zoned
tourmalines (Goldex). (F) Oscillatory zoned tourmalines (New Béliveau). (G) Concentric zoned large
tourmaline needles in quartz (Goldex). (H) Aggregate of small concentric zoned tourmaline needles (Goldex).
(I) Rosette of tourmaline needles (Lac Herbin). (J) Poikilitic tourmalines with quartz inclusions (Goldex). (K)
Aligned parallel tourmaline needles forming a fibrous mass (Bloc Sud). (L) Till tourmalines from glacial
sediment sample 14-DG-002. Quartz: Qz; Tourmaline: Tur. ....................................................................... 21

Figure 4: Photographs and microphotographs of scheelite textures from quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. (A)
Scheelite occurs as a centimetric beige subhedral to euhedral crystal in a quartz-tourmaline vein (Beaufor).
(B) Aggregate of scheelite crystals associated with tourmalines (Beaufor). (C) Scheelites associated with
tourmalines (Sigma). Cathodoluminescence images of scheelite. (D) Homogeneous response (Sigma). (E)
Homogeneous response (Triangle Zone). (F) Homogeneous response with an irregular brighter patch
(Beaufor). Quartz: Qz; Scheelite: Sch; Tourmaline: Tur. ............................................................................. 22

Figure 5: Photographs and microphotographs of magnetite textures from quartz veins, host rocks and till
samples of the Val-d’Or district. (A) Magnetite inclusions in pyrite from an EPD sample (Goldex). (B)
Subhedral magnetites within a quartz-tourmaline vein (Goldex). (C) Euhedral magnetite in a diorite (Beaufor).
(D) Euhedral magnetite with a chromite core in a diorite (Beaufor). (E) Finely disseminated magnetite grains
in a mineral aggregate recovered in till. (F) Euhedral magnetite grain recovered in till. Chromite: Chr;
Magnetite: Mag; Pyrite: Py. ......................................................................................................................... 23

Figure 6: Classification of tourmalines from quartz veins (A, C & E) and till (B, D & F) of the Val-d’Or district. (A)
X-site vacancy-Ca-(Na+K) ternary diagram for tourmalines occurring in quartz veins. (B) Till tourmalines in

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 the same ternary diagram used in (A). (C) Vacant/(Vacant+Na+K) vs Mg/(Mg+Fe) diagram for tourmalines
occurring in quartz veins. (D) Till tourmalines in the same diagram used in (C). (E) Ca/(Ca+Na) vs
Mg/(Mg+Fe) diagram for tourmalines occurring in quartz veins. (F) Till tourmalines in the same diagram used
in (E). Compositional diagrams after Henry et al. (2011). ........................................................................... 25

Figure 7: Tourmalines composition from quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. Mg/(Mg+Fe) vs (A) Sc, (B) V, (C)
Cr, (D) Co, (E) Ni, (F) Sn, (G) K, (H) Mn, (I) Zn, (J) Ga, (K) Pb, (L) Li. ....................................................... 27

Figure 8: Chondrite normalized REE patterns in tourmalines from quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. (A) Flat
patterns showing an enrichment in HREE with a positive Eu anomaly. (B) Flat patterns showing a slight
enrichment of LREE with a positive Eu anomaly. (C) Microphotograph of a concentric zoned tourmaline grain
(Beaufor). (D) The core and rim of the tourmaline grain shown in (C) are characterized by the REE patterns
A and B, respectively. (E) Till tourmalines characterized by REE patterns A. (F) Till tourmalines characterized
by REE patterns B. Chondrite composition from Taylor and McLennan (1985). ......................................... 29

Figure 9: Representative EPMA chemical profiles of tourmalines from quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. (A)
Concentric zoned tourmaline grain (Goldex) characterized by a blue core and a brown rim growth zonation.
(B) Sector zoned tourmaline grain (Lac Herbin) characterized by a brown core, where the o and r crystal
faces can be distinguished and a blue rim. The EPMA analyzed points (1, 2, 3, ...) were taken across the
surface of the grain to characterize the compositional variations of the core and rim. ................................ 30

Figure 10: Principal component analysis results of EPMA data for tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits of
the Val-d’Or district. (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till tourmalines projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till
tourmalines projected on PC1-PC3. (E) PC2-PC3. (F) Till tourmalines projected on the PC2-PC3............ 32

Figure 11 : Principal component analysis results of LA-ICP-MS data for tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits
of the Val-d’Or district. (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till tourmalines projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till
tourmalines projected on PC1-PC3. (E) PC2-PC3. (F) Till tourmalines projected on the PC2-PC3............ 33

Figure 12: Principal component analysis results of tourmalines from various deposit types including orogenic
gold (this study; Hazarika et al., 2015; Hazarika et al., 2016; Jiang et al., 2002; Deksissa and Koeberl, 2002),
vein-type Sn (Jiang et al., 2004), Cu-Mo porphyry (Iveson et al., 2016), and vein-type Pb-Zn-Cu±U (Yavuz
et al., 2011). (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till tourmalines projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till tourmalines
projected on PC1-PC3. ............................................................................................................................... 36

Figure 13: Principal component analysis results of tourmalines from various deposit types including orogenic
gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district (this study), massive sulfide (Griffin et al., 1996; Slack et al., 1999),
tourmalinite (Griffin et al., 1996), emerald (Galbraith et al., 2009), and from the pegmatitic and hydrothermal
systems of the Schwarzwald area (Marks et al., 2013). (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till tourmalines projected on PC1-
PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till tourmalines projected on PC1-PC3. ................................................................ 38

Figure 14: Scheelites composition (Sr, S, Pb, Mo, Mg, K, As, Nb, Mn, Cu, Zn, and V) from quartz veins of the
Val-d’Or district............................................................................................................................................ 40

Figure 15: Chondrite normalized REE patterns in scheelites from quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. (A) Bell-
shaped REE patterns with a positive Eu anomaly (Sigma). (B) Bell-shaped patterns with a small negative Eu

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 anomaly (Beaufor). (C) Bell-shaped patterns with a small negative Eu anomaly (Triangle Zone). (D) Till
scheelites characterized by bell-shaped patterns with a small negative Eu anomaly. Chondrite composition
from Taylor and McLennan (1985). ............................................................................................................. 42

Figure 16: Principal component analysis results of LA-ICP-MS data for scheelites from orogenic gold deposits
of the Val-d’Or district. (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till scheelites projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till
scheelites projected on PC1-PC3. .............................................................................................................. 43

Figure 17: Principal component analysis results of scheelites from various orogenic gold deposits (this study;
Sciuba et al., in prep.). (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till scheelites projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till
scheelites projected on PC1-PC3. (E) PC2-PC3. (F) Till scheelites projected on the PC2-PC3. ................ 45

Figure 18: Principal component analysis results of scheelites from various orogenic gold (this study; Hazarika
et al., 2016; Sciuba et al., in prep.) and skarn deposits (Song et al., 2014). (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till scheelites
projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till scheelites projected on PC1-PC3. (E) PC2-PC3. (F) Till
scheelites projected on the PC2-PC3. ........................................................................................................ 47

Figure 19: Magnetite compositional diagrams. (A) Ni+Cr vs Si+Mg diagram for magnetites occurring in quartz
veins and intrusive host rocks. (B) Till magnetites in the same diagram used in (A). (C) Ca+Al+Mn vs Ti+V
diagram for magnetites occurring in quartz veins and intrusive host rocks. (D) Till magnetites in the same
diagram used in (C). Compositional diagrams after Dupuis and Beaudoin (2011)...................................... 49

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Acknowledgments
This project would not have been possible without the support and experience of
many individuals. First, my sincere gratitude is expressed to my research supervisor,
Georges Beaudoin, for his geological expertise and guidance over the course of this project.
I would also like to thank my co-supervisor, François Huot, for his valued support and advice
throughout the entire project.

This research project was further made possible with the collaboration and financial
support of Agnico Eagle Mines Limited (AEM), the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the Ministère de l’Énergie et des Ressources
Naturelles (MERN) du Québec. I would like to thank Marc Legault, Patrice Simard, Jill
Annette Marcotte, Tommy Leblanc, Richard Dubuc, Jocelyn Côté, and Émilie Boutroy of
Agnico Eagle Mines Limited, Hervé Thiboutot of Integra Gold Corp, Daniel Gaudreault of
Geologica, Jules Riopel and Mathieu Guay of Adventure Gold Inc., and all technicians for
their geological insight and help in providing data for this research project. The expertise in
Quaternary geology of Guillaume Allard of MERN was also greatly appreciated because
sampling till in the Val-d’Or area was much harder than I expected.

I would also like to acknowledge the kind, cordial and helpful staffs of the
Département de géologie et de génie géologique de l’Université Laval, especially Marc
Choquette and André Ferland for their technical support with the EPMA and SEM, Edmond
Rousseau for the preparation of thin sections, and Guylaine Gaumond, Julia Lebreux, and
Marcel Langlois for their administrative assistance. I would also like to thank Dany Savard
and Marko Prasek of Laboratoire des Matériaux Terrestres (LabMaTer) de l’Université du
Québec à Chicoutimi for their technical support with the LA-ICP-MS. I would like to
acknowledge Chantal Guillemette for her time and correction of this memoir.

I would like to thank the many friends and colleagues that I have made along the
way, in particular Marjorie Sciuba, Clovis Cameron Auger, Nelly Manéglia, Sheida
Makvandi, Alex Boulerice, Vincent Dubé-Bourgeois, Adina Bogatu, Frédéric Fleury, Roman
Hanes, François-Xavier Masson, Arnaud Fontaine and the many more which I am sure that
I have missed for their time, moral support and patience with my one-sided conversation
about tourmaline.

Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents, Nicole and Daniel, for their
ongoing patience, sacrifices, and continuous encouragement throughout the course of my

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studies and sharing in my success as well as my frustrations. Finally, I would like to thank
my brothers, Luc and Simon for their time and patience. This accomplishment would not
have been possible without them. Thank you.

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Foreword
All chapters in this memoir, including the article in the second chapter, were entirely
written by this author. The article entitled “Tourmaline, scheelite, and magnetite
compositions from orogenic gold deposits and glacial sediments of the Val-d'Or district
(Québec, Canada): application to mineral exploration” will be submitted for scientific
publication in the Journal of Geochemical Exploration. The first author of this article, Donald
Grzela, completed the field work, collected and prepared the samples, carried the analytical
work, and interpreted the data. The co-authors of the article are Georges Beaudoin
(Université Laval), the research supervisor of this master’s project, and François Huot
(Université Laval), the co-supervisor of this master’s project.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1 Generalities
Growing demand for commodities by the society has always pushed the human to
find better ways to discover mineral resources. The development of the indicator mineral
technique is part of the mineral industry effort to discover new resources. Since the 1980s,
the application of the indicator mineral technique to geochemical exploration has grown
significantly to search for concealed and undiscovered ore deposits in various terrains by
tracing the dispersion of eroded mineral deposits in different surficial sediment media. The
indicator mineral technique has been proven successful for diamond exploration
(McClenaghan, 2005; McClenaghan and Kjarsgaard, 2007) and also has the potential to be
applied for a range of commodities in various types of ore deposits (e.g., lode gold, magmatic
Ni-Cu-PGE, Cu porphyry, VMS, MVT, skarn, and greisen).

Orogenic gold deposits represent 45% of gold deposits worldwide (≥1 Moz of gold;
Goldfarb et al., 2005) and constitute 59% of the total gold production and reserves (Dubé
and Gosselin, 2007) in Canada (e.g., Timmins, Kirkland Lake, and Val-d’Or), which makes
orogenic gold deposits interesting targets for the mining industry. During the Pleistocene,
over 95% of Canada’s surface was covered by glaciers, making indicator minerals
particularly useful when exploring for gold in Canada’s glaciated terrains.

The interest of gold exploration in glaciated terrains of Canada makes the classic Au-
bearing quartz-tourmaline-carbonate vein field of the Val-d’Or district an interesting location
to study potential indicator minerals for orogenic gold deposits since the surface of the
district was covered by ice during several periods of glaciation including the Nebraskan,
Kansan, Illinoian, and Wisconsinan glaciations. Val-d’Or is located in the Abitibi-
Témiscamingue region, 430 km north-west of the city of Montréal, Québec. The gold
potential in the mining district of Val-d’Or has been known since the early 1910s, with the
discovery of Au-bearing quartz veins in the Bourlamaque Batholith (Pilote et al., 2000). Since
the 1930s, more than 45 Moz of gold were produced in the Cadillac, Malartic, and Val-d’Or
districts, including 9 Moz produced at the Sigma-Lamaque deposit between 1935 and 2001
(Goldfarb et al., 2005; Dubé and Gosselin, 2007).

1.2 Research objectives

The main objective of the NSERC-Agnico Eagle Industrial Research Chair in Mineral

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Exploration is to develop new exploration methods using physical and chemical
characteristics of several indicator minerals (e.g., tourmaline, scheelite, rutile, arsenopyrite,
galena, magnetite, and hematite) in order to discover new orogenic gold deposits. This
master’s project on the chemical composition of indicator minerals from orogenic gold
deposits and glacial sediments of the Val-d’Or district is conducted in close collaboration
with two M.Sc. candidates working on indicator minerals from the Kittilä (Finland) and the
Meliadine (Nunavut, Canada) orogenic gold deposits and one Ph.D. candidate working on
indicator minerals from worldwide orogenic gold deposits.

This project aims at defining the chemical signature of tourmalines, scheelites, and
magnetites from orogenic gold deposits located within the Val-d’Or district and comparing it
with the chemical composition of indicator minerals recovered in nearby glacial sediments
to determine their provenance. The specific objectives considered to achieve the primary
goal of this project are: 1) identify the potential indicator minerals for orogenic gold deposits
located within the Val-d’Or district, 2) determine which indicator minerals are recoverable in
heavy mineral concentrates of glacial sediments, 3) determine the chemical composition of
tourmalines, scheelites and magnetites from orogenic gold deposits and glacial sediments,
and 4) interpret the chemical data to establish discriminant features and to determine the
provenance of the indicator minerals recovered in glacial sediments.

1.3 Methodology
First, representative rock and core samples from orogenic gold deposits located
across the Val-d’Or district and glacial sediments samples forming a 20-km long transect
oriented northeast-southwest across the district were selected for this study. A detailed
petrographic study was completed to identify the mineral assemblages, petrogenesis, and
textures of the Au-bearing quartz-tourmaline-carbonate veins. The till indicator minerals
were recovered from the Heavy Mineral Concentrates (HMC) using a binocular microscope
and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) from a Scanning Electron Microscope
(SEM) to verify the chemistry of the selected grains. The major and trace element contents
of tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites from orogenic gold deposits and glacial
sediments were determined using an Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) and Laser
Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The chemical data
was interpreted using binary, ternary, spider, and compositional diagrams and statistical
analysis method such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The composition of
tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites recovered in glacial sediments was compared with

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the chemistry of indicator minerals from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district and
other deposit types to determine their provenance.

1.4 Presentation of the article

The second chapter of this memoir consists of an article entitled “Tourmaline,
scheelite, and magnetite compositions from orogenic gold deposits and glacial sediments of
the Val-d'Or district (Québec, Canada): application to mineral exploration”. The article will
be submitted for scientific publication in the Journal of Geochemical Exploration and has
been written by Donald Grzela, who completed the field work, collected and prepared the
samples, carried the analytical work, and interpreted the data. The co-authors of the article,
Georges Beaudoin and François Huot, contributed to the project definition, field work, and
data interpretation.

The article begins by briefly describing the regional geology, the geological
characteristics of orogenic gold deposits and the Quaternary geology of the Val-d’Or district.
A brief description of the sample selection, sample preparation, analytical methods and
statistical methods used in the study follows. The petrographic characteristics of
representative orogenic gold mineralization samples are then described, followed by the
chemistry of tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites in order to determine their chemical
signature. The composition of till tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites is then compared
with the chemical signature of indicator minerals from various deposit types in compositional
diagrams and in PCA to determine their provenance.

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Chapter 2 - Tourmaline, scheelite, and magnetite compositions
from orogenic gold deposits and glacial sediments of the Val-d'Or
district (Québec, Canada): application to mineral exploration

2.1 Introduction
The indicator mineral technique has grown significantly since the 1980s and has
been successfully used in mineral exploration to explore for many types of ore deposit. A
broad set of indicator minerals is now used in exploration for many deposit types including
diamond-bearing kimberlite, lode gold, magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE, Cu porphyry, VMS, MVT, W-
Mo porphyry, skarn, and greisen (Averill, 2001; Heimann et al., 2005; McClenaghan, 2005;
McClenaghan and Kjarsgaard, 2007; Averill, 2011; Kelley et al., 2011; McClenaghan and
Cabri, 2011; Oviatt et al., 2013; Paulen et al., 2011; McClenaghan et al., 2014; Lehtonen et
al., 2015).

McClenaghan (2005) defines indicator minerals as “mineral species that, when

appearing as transported grains in clastic sediments, indicate the presence in bedrock of a
specific type of mineralization, hydrothermal alteration or lithology”. An indicator mineral may
be the commodity itself such as gold or a mineral associated with the mineralization,
alteration or host rock. Their physical and chemical characteristics such as the capacity to
resist weathering and/or mechanical transport, mid- to high-density, hardness, visual
distinctiveness (e.g., color and florescence), and chemical stability in surficial environment
allow them to survive and to be easily recovered in sample media such as soil, stream,
alluvial, glacial, or aeolian sediments. Indicator minerals are particularly useful for mineral
exploration in glaciated terrains where physical weathering is important. However, the
technique has also been proven effective in tropical and arid terrains (McClenaghan, 2005).
The indicator minerals technique differs from conventional chemical methods for soil, stream
sediments and till because the mineral abundance, grain morphology, surface textures and
mineral chemistry can be reported for each individual grain recovered from the Heavy
Mineral Concentrates (HMC), which give useful information on transport distance and
potential provenance. The advantages of using the indicator mineral technique for
geochemical exploration include: 1) discovering halos or dispersive mineral trains much
larger than the mineralized target including associated alteration, 2) targeting multiple types
of deposit in a single exploration survey, 3) detecting only a few grains, derived from
mineralization and/or alteration, in an area distal to the source where the HMC is diluted by

5
minerals derived from regional lithologies, and 4) defining distance from the source based
on mineral dispersal trains (McClenaghan, 2005). The indicator mineral technique was
successfully used to discover gold deposits such as the Golden Pond East and West at
Casa Berardi, Québec (Sauerbrei et al., 1987), the Aquarius deposit in Timmins, Ontario
(Gray, 1983) and the 17 Zone in Rainy River, Ontario (Averill, 2001).

Gold is a metal of high interest in the mineral industry. Orogenic gold deposits
represent 45% of gold deposits worldwide containing more than 1 Moz of gold, which is
more than intrusion-related deposits (28%), epithermal deposits (25%), and paleoplacers
(3%; Goldfarb et al., 2005). In Canada, orogenic gold deposits constitute 59% of the total
gold production and reserves (Dubé and Gosselin, 2007), which makes them important
exploration targets for the mining industry. Over 95% of Canada’s surface was covered by
glaciers during the Pleistocene, making the use of indicator minerals particularly important
for exploration in Canada. Gold grains are the best indicator minerals for detecting the
presence of gold mineralization, however, other minerals such as sulfides (e.g., pyrite,
pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrargyrite, proustite, and
cinnabar), platinum-group minerals, tellurides, scheelite, cassiterite, and rutile may also be
useful depending on the deposit types, bedrock geology, and weathering regime of the area
(McClenaghan and Cabri, 2011). In orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district,
tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites occur as common or accessory minerals within the
Au-bearing quartz-tourmaline-carbonate veins and they are concentrated in local glacial
sediments. Their physical and chemical characteristics make them potential indicator
minerals for orogenic gold deposits.

Tourmaline is a complex acentric bore-bearing cyclosilicate forming as a major or

accessory mineral in various types of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks and in
hydrothermal and magmatic deposits (Slack, 1996; Slack and Trumbull, 2011; van Hinsberg
et al., 2011a). Tourmaline forms over a significant range of pressures (<0.06 to >6 GPa) and
temperatures (<150 to >950 °C) in various geological settings (Dutrow and Henry, 2011)
and shows a distinctive chemical signature by incorporating a wide array of major, minor
and trace elements (Henry et al., 2011). Minerals of the tourmaline supergroup share the
general chemical formula: XY3Z6(T6O18)(BO3)3V3W with site occupancies as follow: X = Ca2+,
Na+, K+, and vacancy ; Y = Ti4+, Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, V3+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, and Li+; Z = Al3+, Fe3+,
Cr3+, V3+, Mg2+, and Fe2+; T = Si4+, Al3+, and B3+; B = B3+; V = O2- and OH-; and W = O2-, OH,
F-, and Cl- (Hawthorne and Henry, 1999). The best known species of the tourmaline

6
supergroup include dravite (NaMg3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3OH4), schorl (NaFe3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3OH4),
and elbaite (Na(Li,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3OH4; Dutrow et Henry, 2011; Henry et al., 2011). The
composition of major, minor and trace elements in tourmaline is controlled by 1) fluid/rock
interaction, 2) fluid composition, flux, mixing, and boiling, 3) composition of the host rock, 4)
element partition coefficient between tourmaline, fluids and co-forming minerals, 5)
temperature, 6) pressure, and 7) redox state (Griffin et al., 1996; Slack and Trumbull, 2011).
Its complex and variable chemistry, coupled to a negligible intracrystalline element
diffusivity, allow tourmaline to record and preserve the chemical signature of its host
environment, making it an ideal indicator mineral (van Hinsberg et al., 2011b). Chemical
stability and physical characteristics such as specific gravity (2.9-3.2), hardness (7.0-7.5)
and lack of cleavage make tourmaline a robust mineral highly resistant to weathering and
transport in clastic sediments (Hawthorne and Dirlam, 2011).

Scheelite is a calcium tungstate mineral occurring as a common or accessory mineral

in various types of magmatic and hydrothermal ore deposits including pegmatite, greisen,
Sn-W veins, porphyry, skarn, VMS, epithermal, and orogenic gold (Hsu and Galli, 1973;
Kontak et al., 2015; Poulin, 2016). Scheelite crystallizes at pressures ranging between 0.02
and 0.15 GPa and temperatures between 200 and 500 °C (Wood and Samson, 2000). Low
oxygen and sulfur fugacity conditions are necessary for scheelite crystallization (Brugger et
al., 1998). Scheelite has the basic chemical formula CaWO4, and its crystal structure has
two unique cation sites: an [8]-coordinated site, in which Ca2+ may be replaced by Sr2+, Pb2+,
Fe2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, and REE3+, and a [4]-coordinated site, in which Mo6+, As5+, and Nb5+
substitute for W 6+ (Ghaderi et al., 1999; Raimbault et al., 1993). Scheelite forms a complete
solid solution series with powellite (CaMoO4). Substitution of trivalent REE for divalent Ca
occurs by three coupled substitutions to balance the charge difference: 1) 2Ca2+ = REE3+ +
Na+, 2) Ca2+ + W 6+ = REE3+ + Nb5+, and 3) 3Ca2+ = 2REE3+ + Ca-site vacancy (Ghaderi et
al., 1999). The composition of major, minor and trace elements in scheelite is controlled by
similar factors than tourmaline with the addition of oxygen and sulfur fugacity (Hsu and Galli,
1973; Robert and Brown, 1986b). Scheelite can resist to weathering and can be
concentrated in clastic sediments due to chemical stability in surficial environment and
physical properties such as specific gravity (5.9-6.1) and hardness (4.5-5.0). However,
scheelite is brittle and survives only moderate distances during glacial or fluvial transport
(McClenaghan et al., 2015). Scheelite is characterized by a strong bluish-white color
fluorescence in short ultraviolet radiation (Klein and Dutrow, 2008), making it one of the most
common indicator minerals used to explore for W, Sn, and Au mineralizations (Averill, 2001;

7
McClenaghan, 2005) due to easy visual identification.

Magnetite is an iron oxide mineral commonly found in various types of sedimentary,

igneous, and metamorphic rocks (Klein and Dutrow, 2008) and occurs as a major or an
accessory mineral in various deposit types including BIF, IOCG, Kiruna-type apatite-
magnetite, Fe-Ti, porphyry, skarn, Ni-Cu-PGE, VMS, Opemiska-type Cu veins and clastic-
dominated Pb-Zn deposits (Heimann et al., 2005; Leach et al., 2010; Dupuis and Beaudoin,
2011; Nadoll et al., 2014). Magnetite belongs to the spinel group and is characterized by the
basic chemical formula XY2O4, where divalent cations such as Mg, Ni, Mn, Co, and Zn can
substitute for Fe2+ in X-site and trivalent cations such as Al, Cr, V, Mn, and Ga replace Fe3+
in Y-site (Wechsler et al., 1984; Biagioni and Pasero, 2014). A tetravalent cation (e.g., Ti4+)
coupled with a divalent cation can be incorporated in the X- and Y-sites of the magnetite
structure. Minerals from the magnetite series include magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4), franklinite
(ZnFe2O4), jacobsite (MnFe2O4), and trevorite (NiFe2O4). The composition of major, minor
and trace elements in magnetite is controlled by 1) magma composition, 2) temperature, 3)
pressure, 4) cooling rate, 5) oxygen and sulfur fugacity, 6) silica and sulfide activity, 7) ionic
radius and overall charge balance of substituting elements, and 8) composition of co-forming
minerals and partition coefficients of various substituting elements between competing
mineral phases (Buddington and Lindsley, 1964; Fleet, 1981; Wechsler et al., 1984; Whalen
and Chappell, 1988; Frost, 1991; Frost and Lindsley, 1991; Ghiorso and Sack, 1991;
Haggerty, 1991; Cornell and Schwertmann, 2003; Mollo et al., 2013; Biagioni and Pasero,
2014; Nadoll et al., 2014). Chemical stability in surficial environment and physical properties
such as specific gravity (5.1-5.2) and hardness (5.0-6.0) allow magnetite to resist weathering
and to concentrate in clastic sediments. Magnetite easily separated from the HMC because
it has the highest magnetic susceptibility among all naturally-occurring minerals.

The Val-d’Or district was chosen as a case study to investigate the chemical
composition of tourmalines, scheelites and magnetites from orogenic gold deposits because
1) the Val-d’Or district is a classic example of orogenic gold deposits where outcropping
mineralized zones were eroded by glaciers, 2) tourmalines, scheelites and magnetites occur
as common or accessory minerals within the Au-bearing quartz veins or the host rocks, and
3) tourmalines, scheelites and magnetites are concentrated within the local glacial
sediments. Given that tourmaline, scheelite, and magnetite occur in various rock types or
mineral deposits, characterizing the chemical signature (major, minor, and trace elements)
of those minerals in orogenic gold deposits is necessary in order to identify the provenance

8
of tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites recovered in glacial sediments sampled in the
Val-d’Or district. Although, the major element composition of tourmalines from various
deposit and rock types has been the focus of several studies, limited studies have been
carried on trace elements in tourmaline (e.g., Slack and Coad, 1989; Griffin et al., 1996;
Slack et al., 1999; Yavuz, 1999; Jiang et al., 2002, Jiang et al., 2004; Galbraith et al., 2009;
Roberts et al., 2006; Mark et al, 2013; Chapman et al., 2015; Hazarika et al., 2015, 2016).
Most studies on scheelite focus on understanding the partitioning and distribution of its REE,
with limited studies carried on its trace elements (e.g., Cottrant, 1981; Brugger et al.,
2000a,b; Roberts et al., 2006; Dostal et al., 2009; Song et al., 2014; Hazarika et al., 2016;
Poulin, 2016). However, compared to tourmaline and scheelite, trace elements in magnetite
have been the subject of several studies for various ore deposits (e.g., Dupuis et Beaudoin,
2009; Dare et al., 2012, 2014; Boutroy et al., 2014; Nadoll et al., 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015;
Makvandi et al., 2016a, b). Here, we used the major, minor and trace elements composition
of tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites from orogenic gold deposits to identify
discriminant criteria using binary and ternary diagrams and Principal Component Analysis
(PCA). We then compared the composition of tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites
recovered in glacial sediments with the chemistry of indicator minerals from the Val-d’Or Au-
bearing quartz veins to determine their provenance and to demonstrate the use of
tourmaline, scheelite, and magnetite as indicator minerals for gold exploration in a glaciated
terrain.

2.2 Geological setting

2.2.1 Regional geology

The Val-d’Or district is located along the eastern segment of the Southern Volcanic
Zone (Chown et al., 1992; Daigneault et al., 2002; Ludden et al., 1986) at the boundary
between the Abitibi and Pontiac subprovinces of the Superior Province (Fig. 1; Card, 1990).
The volcano-sedimentary Abitibi and the metasedimentary Pontiac subprovinces are
separated by the Larder Lake-Cadillac Fault Zone (LLCFZ), a crustal-scale shear zone,
dipping steeply to the north and extending on more than 200 km along strike (Robert et al.,
1995).

The Val-d’Or district consists of a complex volcano-sedimentary sequence of

ultramafic to felsic volcanic rocks erupted between 2714 ± 2 Ma and 2702 ± 2 Ma (Pilote et
al., 2000; Scott et al., 2002), known as the Malartic and Louvicourt groups. The volcanic
rocks are overlain by minor sedimentary rock assemblages, which includes the Lac Caste

9
Formation (<2691 ± 8 Ma; Feng et Kerrich, 1991), the Cadillac Group (<2688 Ma; Davis,
1991), and the Kewagama Formation (<2687 Ma; Davis, 1991). The Malartic Group is
composed of the La Motte-Vassan, Dubuisson, and Jacola formations that consist of
komatiitic and tholeiitic basaltic flows and sills interpreted to have formed an Archean
oceanic floor controlled by extensional mantle plume tectonics (Desrochers et al., 1993;
Scott et al., 2002). The Val-d’Or and Héva formations of the Louvicourt Group consist of
mafic to felsic volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks formed in a volcanic arc (Daigneault et al.,
2002; Scott et al., 2002). The Cadillac Group consists of grauwackes, pelitic schists,
polymitic conglomerates, and iron formations (Imreh, 1984) interpreted as a syn-orogenic
flysch-type assemblage (Daigneault et al., 2002; Mueller et al., 1996). The Lac Caste and
Kewagama formations represent an inter-arc turbidite sequence, which is part of the flysch
basin system linking the Northern Volcanic Zone with the Southern Volcanic Zone
(Daigneault et al., 2002). Syn-volcanic to post-tectonic mafic to felsic bodies intruded the
volcano-sedimentary sequence of the Val-d’Or district during three main events: synvolcanic
stocks and batholiths (2706 ± 1 Ma to 2700 ± 1 Ma; e.g., Bourlamaque batholith; Wong et
al., 1991; Pilote et al., 2000), syn- to late-tectonic intrusions (2694 ± 2 Ma to 2680 ± 2 Ma;
Jamielita et al., 1990; Morasse et al., 1993; Wong et al., 1991; Pilote et al., 2000) and
undeformed late- to post-tectonic stocks and dikes (2675 Ma to 2611 Ma; Feng et Kerrich,
1991; Feng et al., 1992). South of the LLCFZ, the Pontiac Group (<2685 ± 3 Ma; Davis,
2002) consists of grauwackes and mudstones intercalated with ultramafic volcanic rocks
(Dimroth et al., 1982; Ludden et al., 1986; Pilote et al., 2000).

All rocks in the Val-d’Or district, with the exception of late dikes, have been
metamorphosed up to the greenschist facies between 2693 ± 11 Ma (Hanes et al., 1992)
and 2677 ± 6 Ma (Feng et al., 1992). Metamorphism gradually increases southward from
upper greenschist facies along the LLCFZ to the amphibolite facies in the Pontiac
Subprovince. Three major phases of deformation have been recognized in the Val-d’Or
district. During the first phase of the deformation (D1), several mafic to ultramafic
tectonostratigraphic terranes were accreted to form the Malartic Composite Block.
Desrochers and Hubert (1996) suggested that the calc-alkaline felsic volcanic and
volcanoclastic rocks of the Val-d’Or Formation overly unconformably the Malartic Composite
Block. Scott et al. (2002), however, described the Val-d’Or Formation in a concordant
contact with the underlying Jacola Formation, indicating a change from tholeiitic mafic
volcaniclastic to calc-alkaline flows and volcanoclastics rocks of intermediate to felsic
composition. The tholeiitic mafic to felsic flows and volcanoclastics of the Héva Formation

10
form a stratigraphic continuum with the underlying Val-d’Or Formation. A second phase of
deformation (D2) produced the dominant subvertical E-W foliation, faults, and shear zones
hosting most of the Au-bearing quartz veins as a result of north-south compression event
(Dimroth et al., 1983a, b; Robert, 1989; Desrochers and Hubert, 1996). Deformation ended
with dextral transcurrent movement (D3) that reactivate the LLCFZ and several second-
order shear zones (Robert et al., 1995; Neumayr et al., 2000; Daigneault et al., 2002).

Figure 1: Simplified regional geological map of the Val-d’Or orogenic gold vein field showing the distribution of
quartz-carbonate and quartz-tourmaline-carbonate veins and till samples used in this study and the ice flow
directions in the study area. Numbers in figure referring to gold deposits and prospects are as follow: 1: Lapa;
2: Kiena; 3: Siscoe; 4: Goldex; 5: Vein No. 5; 6: Sigma; 7: Lamaque Sud; 8: Audet; 9: Nord-Ouest; 10: Orenada;
11: Lac Herbin; 12: Paramaque; 13: Snowbank; 14: Canmet (nord); 15: O’Connell; 16: Beaufor; 17: Lucien
Béliveau/New Béliveau; 18: Brosnor; 19: Buffadison; 20: Sigma 2; 21: Bloc Sud; 22: Lac Simon. See Appendix
I for a summary of relevant geological information for each deposit. Geological map modified from Beaudoin and
Pitre (2005) and ice flow directions after Paradis (2007).

2.2.2 Gold mineralization

Two generations of shear zone-related gold quartz veins, based on crosscutting

relationships, are recognized in the Val-d’Or district. Early quartz-carbonate veins
(≥2686 Ma) are mainly associated with second-order shear zones and are cut by 2694 to
2680 Ma syntectonic dikes of tonalitic to dioritic composition (Couture et al., 1994; Robert et

11
al., 1995). Early quartz-carbonate veins (e.g., Norlartic, Siscoe, and Callahan) are commonly
folded and boudinaged within sub-vertical shear zones as a result of the D2 deformation
(Sauvé et al., 1993; Robert et al., 1995). Younger (≤2684 Ma) quartz-tourmaline-carbonate
veins (e.g., Sigma, Lamaque, and Beaufor) are developed in the late stages of the D2
shortening and formed either subvertical fault-fill or subhorizontal extensional veins. They
are typically associated to third-order shear zones and cut all intrusive rocks. The plutonic
and volcanic rocks of the Val-d’Or district host most of the gold-bearing quartz veins,
although some veins also occur within the metasedimentary rocks of the Pontiac
Subprovince. Gold deposits rarely occur in first-order shear zones such as the LLCFZ, with
the exception of a few deposits and prospects (e.g., Lapa and Orenada; Simard et al. 2013;
Desrochers and Robert, 2000; Neumayr et al., 2000). Gold mineralization within the LLCFZ
occurs as disseminated gold associated to arsenopyrite. Other gold deposits, such as Kiena
(Morasse et al., 1995) and Akasaba (Sauvé et al., 1993) are interpreted as porphyry-gold
and skarn mineralizations, respectively.

2.2.3 Quaternary geology

During the last 2 Ma, several glaciations such as the Nebraskan, Kansan, Illinoian,
and Wisconsinan have shaped the surface of the Abitibi Subprovince. The most distinct
glacial footprint on the current landscape results from the complex sequence of ice flows
during the Wisconsinan glaciation (Veillette and McClenaghan, 1996; McClenaghan, 2001).
However, evidences of previous glaciations are also recorded on the surface of bedrock.
The initial ice flow (flow I) of the Wisconsinan glaciation was oriented toward the northwest
during the early expansion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (Veillette, 1995). The ice flow
orientation shifted counterclockwise toward the west (flow II), the southwest (flow III), and
the south-southwest (flow IV) during the main phase of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. During
deglaciation, the glacier was divided in two lobes forming an opening, which resulted in the
deposition of Lake McConnell and Harricana interlobate moraines. From either side of the
opening in the ice sheet, ice flows (flow V) were converging (Veillette and McClenaghan,
1996; Paradis, 2007) heading toward the southeast on the west side of the opening and
southwest on the east side. The Cochrane surge (flow VI) is recorded by the youngest
striations, oriented toward the south, southeast and east-southeast, extending from the
James Bay region to the area where glacial Lake Ojibway formed. The Matheson till
deposited during the Wisconsinan glaciation is overlain by thick glaciolacustrine silt and clay
deposits (5 to 30 m) accumulated in the glacial Lake Ojibway, Cochrane till, and extensive

12
peatland (Veillette, 1995; McClenaghan, 2001). The till sampling area, east of Val-d’Or, is
only affected by ice flow V oriented toward the south and southwest (Fig. 1).

2.3 Methodology
2.3.1 Sample selection

2.3.1.1 Quartz veins

Six hundred thirty-six mineralized rock samples (Appendix II) from 54 gold deposits
and prospects from the Val-d’Or district were available for this study. Samples were collected
from subvertical veins in shear zones, subhorizontal extensional veins, and various tectonic
and hydraulic breccias hosted in volcanic, plutonic and sedimentary rocks. The selection
offers a representative distribution of the gold mineralization across the district and includes
samples collected by the author during the summer 2014 and from three M.Sc. theses (Pitre,
2000; Roussy, 2003; Rezeau, 2012). One hundred fifty-five representative polished thin
sections (Appendix II) were available for 34 gold deposits and prospects. Chemical analyses
were carried on indicator minerals from 22 gold deposits and prospects (Fig. 1; Appendix I).

Tourmalines occur in quartz veins hosted in various lithologies including: 1) felsic to

intermediate calc-alkaline intrusions, 2) mafic plutonic and volcanic rocks of tholeiitic affinity,
and 3) at the contact between mafic to ultramafic volcanic and metasedimentary rocks within
the LLCFZ, which are designated as types I, II, and III tourmalines, respectively. In the Val-
d’Or district, Type I tourmalines are the most common and they occur in several deposits
across the district including the Beaufor, Canmet (nord), Lac Herbin, Nord-Ouest, and
Snowbank deposits hosted within the Bourlamaque batholith, a calc-alkaline quartz diorite
intrusion. Type I tourmalines are also present at the O’Connell deposit hosted in the Connell
Pluton, an apophysis of the Bourlamaque batholith (Sauvé et al., 1993) and at the Buffadison
deposit hosted in the Bevcon Pluton, a calc-alkaline intrusion of tonalitic to dioritic
composition. Type I tourmalines also occur at the Audet, Goldex, Lucien Béliveau/New
Béliveau, Lamaque Sud, Kiena and Sigma deposits, which are hosted in various small calc-
alkaline intrusions of dioritic composition intruded in volcanic rocks. Type II tourmalines
occur at the Sigma 2 and Bloc Sud deposits hosted in a differentiated tholeiitic intrusion of
tonalitic to gabbroic composition (Vicour sill) and at the Paramaque deposit hosted in a
tholeiitic intrusion of gabbroic composition (Annamaque sill), which are both located at the
contact between the Val-d’Or and Héva formations. Type II tourmalines also occur at the
Siscoe deposit hosted in the Siscoe stock, a homogeneous quartz gabbro intrusion of

13
tholeiitic affinity at the contact with the Dubuisson Formation and at the Brosnor deposit
hosted in tholeiitic basalts of the Jacola Formation. Type III tourmalines occur at the Lapa
and Oreneda deposits, both located within the LLCFZ at the contact between volcanic rocks
of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinities (Piché Group) and metasedimentary rocks.

Scheelites were sampled at the Beaufor and Sigma deposits and at the Triangle
Zone of the Lamaque Sud gold project. Scheelites from the Sigma and Beaufor deposits
occur in quartz veins hosted in a dioritic intrusion of calc-alkaline affinity, whereas scheelites
from the Triangle Zone occur in a breccia hosted in a calc-alkaline intrusion of dioritic
composition.

Magnetites are rare in quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. Hydrothermal magnetites
occur within the quartz veins of the Goldex, Sigma, and Louvicourt deposits, whereas
hydrothermal hematites were found in the Lac Herbin and at the Vein No. 5 deposits.
Magmatic magnetites occur in the calc-alkaline dioritic host rocks of the Beaufor deposit and
in the tholeiitic gabbroic host rocks of the Bloc Sud deposit.

2.3.1.2 Glacial sediments

Glacial sediment samples (Appendix III) were collected for the purposes of
determining which indicator minerals are recoverable from the HMC and comparing the
chemical signature of the recovered indicator minerals with those associated to gold
mineralization of the Val-d’Or district. Five glacial sediment samples of 9 to 13 kg were
collected, east of the city of Val-d’Or, along a 20-km long transect oriented northeast-
southwest, following the ice flow V (Fig. 1). Each till sample was collected from the Matheson
basal till in the C horizon. The northernmost sample (14-DG-001) is located up-ice, north of
the Val-d’Or district. Samples 14-DG-002, 14-DG-005, and 14-DG-004 are located along the
transect within the Val-d’Or district. The southernmost sample (14-DG-003) is located down-
ice, 4 km south of the LLCFZ, within the Pontiac Subprovince.

2.3.2 Sample preparation

2.3.2.1 Heavy mineral concentrates

Representative mineralized rock samples (n=11; Appendix IV) were disaggregated

using a CNT-MC Inc.’s Spark 2 Electric-Pulse Disaggregator (EPD) to liberate minerals.
Heavy mineral concentrates (HMC) of mineralized rocks and glacial sediments were
prepared by Overburden Drilling Management Limited, in Ottawa, following the method
described on the processing flow sheet (Appendix V). Glacial sediments and disaggregated

14
mineralized rock samples were sieved (wet) at 2.0 mm. The <2.0 mm material was passed
over a shaking table to pre-concentrate heavy minerals. Visible gold grains were counted
and the visible gold assay was calculated. The <2.0 mm material was sieved (dry) to
0.25 mm. The heavy mineral pre-concentrate was separated using a liquid with a specific
gravity of 3.0 to recover indicator minerals. The ferromagnetic heavy minerals were
separated from the HMC using a magnet and sieved (dry) to produced four fractions
(<0.25 mm, 0.25 to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 1.0 mm and 1.0 to 2.0 mm). The non-ferromagnetic
fraction of heavy minerals was sieve (dry) to produced four fractions with the same grain-
size intervals as the ferromagnetic fraction. The 0.25 to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 1.0 mm and 1.0 to
2.0 mm ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic fractions were randomly split in sub-samples
at Université Laval, Québec. Following the procedure described in Sappin et al. (2014),
grains (~100 grains) from the 0.5 to 2.0 mm grain-size ferromagnetic fraction of each sample
were mounted in epoxy sections and polished for chemical analysis by EPMA. Tourmaline
grains were hand picked from the 0.25 to 0.5 mm grain-size fraction under a binocular
microscope, whereas scheelite grains were identified using a UV light. Tourmaline and
scheelite grains were mounted in epoxy sections and polished for chemical analyses by
EPMA and LA-ICP-MS. The <0.25 mm grain-size fraction was not used in this study
because the grains are too small to complete chemical analyses.

2.3.3 Analytical methods

2.3.3.1 Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA)

Major and minor elements in tourmaline, scheelite, and magnetite were analyzed
with a CAMECA SX-100 electron probe equipped with five WDS spectrometers at the
Université Laval, Québec. Major elements were analyzed in tourmaline (Fe, Cr, Ca, Na, Mg,
Si, and Al) and scheelite (Ca and W) using a 10 µm beam, 15 kV voltage and 20 nA current,
counting 10 s on both sides for background and 20 s at peak. Minor elements were analyzed
in tourmaline (Mn, Ti, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, V, Sc, K, Cl, Sr, and F) and scheelite (Fe, Sr, Mo, Na,
and Y), using a 10 µm beam, 15-25 kV voltage and 100 nA current, counting 15-30 s on
both sides for background and 40-120 s at peak. Tourmaline was normalized to 29 oxygens
and the structural formula was calculated using an Excel spreadsheet from Henry et al.
(2011), assuming stoichiometric value for B (3 apfu) and OH (4 apfu; except if F and/or Cl
where measured by EPMA). Magnetite was analyzed for minor elements (V, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni,
Mn, K, Sn, Ca, Ti, Al, Si and Mg), using a 10 µm beam, 15 Kv voltage, and 100 nA current,
counting 15-20 s on both sides for background and 40-80 s at peak, which is similar to

15
analytical conditions described in Dupuis and Beaudoin (2011), Boutroy et al. (2014), and
Makvandi et al. (2016a). The calibration of the instrument was achieved using a range of
natural and synthetic standards. The range of detection limits for each element is reported
in Appendix VI.

2.3.3.2 Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)

Trace elements in tourmaline and scheelite were analyzed with a RESOlution M-50
Excimer 193 nm laser coupled to an Agilent 7700x ICP-MS at the Laboratoire des Matériaux
Terrestres (LabMaTer) of Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Tourmaline was analyzed by
ablating linear trenches in order to determine the concentration in 7Li, 9Be, 11
B, 23
Na, 25
Mg,
27 39 43 45 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 71 85 86 89
Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y,
92 93 95 118 133 137 139 140 141 146 152 153 155 159
Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb,
163
Dy, 165Ho, 166Er, 169Tm, 172Yb, 175Lu, 178Hf, 181Ta, 207Pb, 232Th, and 238U in the core and rim
of the grains. LA-ICP-MS analysis used a beam size of 33-44 µm, a laser frequency of 10-
15 Hz, and a speed stage of 5 µm/s. Calibration was completed using NIST SRM 610, GSD
and GSE as external standards, with Si (determined by EPMA) as an internal standard.
Reference materials NIST SRM 612, GSD and GSE were used to monitor the quality of the
analyses. Scheelite was analyzed by ablating linear trenches in order to determine the
concentration in 7Li, 11B, 23Na, 24Mg, 29Si, 3S 39K, 43Ca, 47Ti, 51V, 53Cr, 55Mn, 57Fe, 59Co, 63Cu,
66 75 86 89 92 93 95 107 118 137 139 140 141 146 147
Zn, As, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Sn, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm,
153
Eu, 157Gd, 159Tb, 163Dy, 165Ho, 166Er, 169Tm, 172Yb, 175Lu, 181Ta, 182W 208
Pb, 232Th, and 238U.
LA-ICP-MS analysis used a beam size of 44 µm, a laser frequency of 10-15 Hz, and a speed
stage of 5-20 µm/s. Calibration was completed using NIST SRM 610, GSD and GSE as
external standards, with Ca (determined by EPMA) as an internal standard. Reference
materials NIST SRM 612, GSD and GSE were used to monitor the quality of the analyses.
Data reduction was completed using the Iolite software. The range of detection limits for
each element is reported in Appendix VII.

2.3.3.3 Cathodoluminescence

Cathodoluminescence imaging of scheelite was conducted using a CAMECA SX-

100 electron probe equipped with a CAMECA cathodoluminoscope at the Université Laval,
Québec. Cathodoluminescence images were acquired using a 15 kV voltage and 20 nA
current and was recorded using grey-scale images. Cathodoluminescence results from the
emission of photon of characteristic wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum (ultraviolet,
visible and infrared) from a material exposed to high-energy electron bombardment (Götze,

16
2012; Götze et al., 2001).

2.3.4 Statistical methods

2.3.4.1 Censored geochemical data

In this study, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS datasets contain values below detection limits
for one or several elements. To overcome the problem of censored distribution, different
methods have been proposed to impute replacement values for the purpose of statistical
analysis (Grunsky, 2010). In this study, the robComposition package implemented in the
software R (Grunsky et al., 2013; Makvandi et al., 2016a) has been used to impute
replacement values using the imputation of K-nearest neighbors (impKNNa) function using
the Aitchison distance. Imputed values are based on the median of corresponding data of
the K-nearest un-censored neighbors where K is ≥1. Data with more than 40% censored
value can not be statistically investigated using this method (Hron et al., 2010).

2.3.4.2 Closure of geochemical data

Three different types of log-ratio transformation have been proposed by Aitchison

(1986): additive log-ratio, isometric log-ratio, and centered log-ratio to eliminate the effect of
closure caused by concentration variations. In additive log-ratio, one of the elements is used
as a divider, since the transformation is asymmetric and the value is dependant of the
denominator, the additive log-ratio is not recommended for compositional data (Egozcue et
al., 2003). Isometric-log ratio is symmetric with orthonormal basis and adequate for
compositional data using PCA, however, it is difficult to select the orthonormal basis of
reference (Egozcue et al., 2003). Centered-log ratio transformation is symmetric with an
orthonormal basis and recommended for multivariate statistical techniques such as PCA
(Egozcue et al., 2003). In this study, the data is transformed using centered-log ratio, in
which the variable is divided by the geometric mean of the variable concentration.

2.3.4.3 Principal component analysis (PCA)

The PCA was conducted on both EPMA and LA-ICP-MS datasets transformed for
censored values and closure, using a script (Makvandi et al., 2016a) for the software
MATLAB, to describe the variance within the dataset. The PCA projects a high dimensional
multivariate dataset onto a lower dimensional latent variable subspace. Samples and
elements having similar chemical features plot together on the scatter plots. Grouped
elements are positively correlated, while elements in opposite quadrants have a negative
correlation. The largest variance is recorded by the first principal component (PC1), while

17
the second principal component (PC2) records the second largest variance orthogonal to
the first, and so on. In this study, PCA were used to discriminate indicator minerals from the
mineralized samples based on their chemical composition. The chemistry of till indicator
minerals is projected on PC1-PC2, PC1-PC3, and PC2-PC3 defined by indicator minerals
from gold mineralization samples to infer their provenance.

2.4 Results
2.4.1 Gold grains count in till

Gold grains were recovered in all glacial sediment samples with the largest gold grain
reaching a size of 0.25 mm in length. The number of gold grains normalized to 10 kg
samples increases from 9 in the up-ice sample (14-DG-001) to 61 in the northernmost
sample (14-DG-002) within the Val-d’Or district (Fig. 2A). Samples 14-DG-005, 14-DG-004,
and 14-DG-003 contain, respectively, 9, 40, and 4 gold grains (Fig. 2A), indicating a
diminution of gold grains in till samples located down-ice of sample 14-DG-002. Gold grains
recovered in samples 14-DG-002 and 14-DG-004 within the district show pristine, modified,
and reshaped forms, whereas samples 14-DG-001, 14-DG-005, and 14-DG-003 show
reshaped grains only. The presence of pristine grains in sample 14-DG-002 (n=16) and 14-
DG-004 (n=10) suggests a proximity to gold deposits. However, the pristine form of a gold
grain recovered in till may result from the disaggregation of a polymineralic grain containing
gold, which retains the pristine form of a gold grain on a longer transport distance and makes
the argument of proximity questionable. Till sample 14-DG-005 was collected just south of
gold deposits and contains only reshaped gold grains.

18
Figure 2: Proportion of indicator minerals recovered from till samples relative to distance for (A) gold grains
recovered in till normalized to 10 kg samples, (B) tourmaline and scheelite grains recovered in the HMC fraction
0.25 to 0.5 mm normalized to 10 kg samples, and (C) magnetite, hematite, titanomagnetite, ilmenite, and
chromite grains recovered from the ferromagnetic fraction 0.5 to 2.0 mm. Samples 14-DG-001 (-15 km); 14-DG-
002 (-12 km); 14-DG-005 (-6 km); 14-DG-004 (-2 km); Larder Lake-Cadillac Fault Zone (0 km); 14-DG-003 (4
km). The gray zone represents the limits of the Val-d’Or district. Chromite: Chr; Hematite: Hem; Ilmenite: Ilm;
Magnetite: Mag; Scheelite: Sch; Titanomagnetite: Ti-Mag; Tourmaline: Tur.

19
2.4.2 Petrography

2.4.2.1 Petrography of tourmalines from quartz veins and till samples

Tourmalines are a common mineral in subvertical veins in shear zones and in

subhorizontal veins in extensional fractures between shear zones of the Val-d’Or district. In
fault-fill veins, tourmalines typically form parallel ribbons defined as a “slip surface” during
shearing, whereas, in extensional veins, tourmalines are distributed close to the walls of the
veins where they typically form rosettes of needles (Robert and Brown, 1986b). The average
volume proportion of tourmalines in Au-bearing quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district ranges
between 10 and 15%, with some veins locally reaching up to 90%. Tourmalines are rare at
the Lapa and Kiena deposits. In macroscopic observation, tourmalines are black (Fig. 3A)
and are characterized by a translucent brown colour when light passes through the grain. In
thin section, tourmalines typically display zonations characterized by a blue core and a
brown rim (Fig. 3B), which likely reflects compositional variations during growth. Lapa and
Orenada tourmalines are characterized by a lighter brown rim (Fig. 3C), whereas Sigma 2
tourmalines show a darker brown rim (Fig. 3D), which differentiate them from most
tourmalines of the Val-d’Or district. The color intensity of the rim likely reflects compositional
variations. Tourmalines also show complex sector zoning (Fig. 3B), irregular patchy zoning
(Fig. 3E), and more rarely oscillatory zoning (Fig. 3F). Tourmalines are typically
characterized by euhedral, fine- to coarse-grained acicular crystals, rarely exceeding
0.5 mm in diameter. Coarse tourmaline grains tend to occur as isolated needles surrounded
by quartz (Figs. 3A & G), whereas smaller tourmaline needles commonly form massive and
irregular aggregates within the quartz veins (Figs. 3A & H). Tourmalines also form rosettes
(Fig. 3I), poikilitic textures with inclusions of calcite and quartz within the tourmaline crystals
(Fig. 3J), and may be aligned parallel to each other forming fibrous masses (Fig. 3K).

Tourmaline grains were recovered from the size fraction 0.25 to 0.5 mm of the HMC
from all glacial sediment samples, and no tourmaline grain was recovered from the size
fractions larger than 0.5 mm. The number of tourmaline grains normalized to 10 kg samples
increases from 26 in the up-ice sample (14-DG-001) to 56 in the northernmost sample (14-
DG-002) within the Val-d’Or district before gradually decreasing to 14 in the down-ice sample
(14-DG-003) located south of the district (Fig. 2B). Samples 14-DG-002, 14-DG-005, and
14-DG-004, located within the limit of the Val-d’Or district, contain more tourmaline grains
compared to the northernmost and southernmost samples. Tourmaline grains recovered in
the glacial sediment samples are characterized by a black color (Fig. 3L) and a translucent

20
brown colour when light passes through the grain. Most tourmaline grains occur as euhedral
needles, broken perpendicular to the c-axis, corresponding to the primary texture of
tourmalines associated to gold mineralization. Aggregates of tourmaline needles and quartz
were also recovered in till samples. In backscattered electron images, tourmaline grains
from till do not show any zonation. The petrographic characteristics of tourmaline grains
recovered in glacial sediment samples are similar to those of tourmalines observed in Au-
bearing quartz veins.

Figure 3: Photographs and microphotographs of tourmaline textures from quartz veins and till samples of the
Val-d’Or district. (A) Tourmalines occur as black euhedral needles in a quartz-tourmaline vein (Goldex). (B)
Concentric and sector zoned tourmalines (Lac Herbin). (C) Concentric zoned tourmalines showing a light brown
rim (Lapa). (D) Concentric zoned tourmalines showing a dark brown rim (Sigma 2). (E) Patchy zoned tourmalines

21
(Goldex). (F) Oscillatory zoned tourmalines (New Béliveau). (G) Concentric zoned large tourmaline needles in
quartz (Goldex). (H) Aggregate of small concentric zoned tourmaline needles (Goldex). (I) Rosette of tourmaline
needles (Lac Herbin). (J) Poikilitic tourmalines with quartz inclusions (Goldex). (K) Aligned parallel tourmaline
needles forming a fibrous mass (Bloc Sud). (L) Till tourmalines from glacial sediment sample 14-DG-002. Quartz:
Qz; Tourmaline: Tur.

2.4.2.2 Petrography of scheelites from quartz veins and till samples

Scheelites occur as an accessory mineral in Au-bearing quartz veins of the Val-d’Or

district. Scheelites are characterized by a beige color and form millimeter- to centimeter-size
aggregates of massive euhedral to anhedral grains (Figs. 4A, B & C). Homogeneous
cathodoluminescence (Figs. 4D, E & F) combined with backscattered electron images
suggest no zonation in scheelites. Most scheelite crystals are fractured and filled with quartz
and/or carbonate. Tourmaline needles, quartz and idioblastic pyrite may be juxtaposed to
the scheelite crystals.

Scheelite grains were recovered from the size fraction 0.25 to 0.5 mm of the HMC of
glacial sediment samples 14-DG-002 (n=2) and 14-DG-003 (n=1; Fig. 2B). No scheelite
grain was recovered in sample 14-DG-001, 14-DG-004 and 14-DG-005, and from the size
fractions larger than 0.5 mm. The three scheelite grains recovered in glacial sediments occur
as subhedral to anhedral grains characterized by a beige color without any zonation. The
petrographic characteristics of these grains are similar to those observed in scheelites from
Au-bearing quartz veins.

Figure 4: Photographs and microphotographs of scheelite textures from quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. (A)
Scheelite occurs as a centimetric beige subhedral to euhedral crystal in a quartz-tourmaline vein (Beaufor). (B)
Aggregate of scheelite crystals associated with tourmalines (Beaufor). (C) Scheelites associated with
tourmalines (Sigma). Cathodoluminescence images of scheelite. (D) Homogeneous response (Sigma). (E)

22
Homogeneous response (Triangle Zone). (F) Homogeneous response with an irregular brighter patch (Beaufor).
Quartz: Qz; Scheelite: Sch; Tourmaline: Tur.

2.4.2.3 Petrography of magnetites from quartz veins, host rocks and till samples

Magnetites are rare in Au-bearing quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district, but more
common in the intrusive host rocks. Hydrothermal magnetites occur as finely disseminated
euhedral to anhedral (up to 0.05 mm) inclusions in pyrite (Fig. 5A) or near pyrite within the
quartz vein (Fig. 5B), whereas magmatic magnetites (Figs. 5C & D) occur as larger euhedral
crystals (up to 0.5 mm) in the intrusive host rocks. Some magmatic magnetites contain a
chromite core (Fig. 5D). Magnetites do not show any zonation.

Magnetite grains were recovered from the ferromagnetic size fraction 0.5 to 2.0 mm
of the HMC from all glacial sediment samples. Magnetite is the dominant mineral in the
ferromagnetic fraction and constitutes 65 to 78% of the fraction (Fig. 2C). Other minerals
such as hematite, titanomagnetite, ilmenite, and chromite were also recovered from the
ferromagnetite fraction (Fig. 2C). Magnetite grains recovered in glacial sediment samples
occur as finely disseminated grains in a mineral aggregate (Fig. 5E) or as large
monomineralic grains (Fig. 5F). In backscattered electron images, magnetite grains from till
do not show zonation.

Figure 5: Photographs and microphotographs of magnetite textures from quartz veins, host rocks and till
samples of the Val-d’Or district. (A) Magnetite inclusions in pyrite from an EPD sample (Goldex). (B) Subhedral
magnetites within a quartz-tourmaline vein (Goldex). (C) Euhedral magnetite in a diorite (Beaufor). (D) Euhedral
magnetite with a chromite core in a diorite (Beaufor). (E) Finely disseminated magnetite grains in a mineral
aggregate recovered in till. (F) Euhedral magnetite grain recovered in till. Chromite: Chr; Magnetite: Mag; Pyrite:
Py.

23
2.4.3 Geochemistry of tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits and till samples

Two hundred thirty-four EPMA analyses were completed on 97 tourmaline grains

from 21 gold deposits located within the Val-d’Or district (Appendix VIII), from which 44
grains were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS (Appendix IX). Fifteen tourmaline grains recovered
from the HMC of seven EPD mineralized samples were also analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. One
hundred twenty tourmaline grains recovered in till samples were analyzed by EPMA
(Appendix VIII), but due to the small size of the grains, only 46 of them were analyzed using
LA-ICP-MS (Appendix IX).

2.4.3.1 Major elements

Tourmalines from Au-bearing quartz veins and till samples of the Val-d’Or district
belong to the alkali primary group (Figs. 6A & B) and show a dravite-schorl composition
(Figs. 6C, D, E & F; Henry et al., 2011). Tourmalines occur in quartz veins hosted in felsic
to intermediate calc-alkaline intrusions (Type I), mafic plutonic and volcanic rocks of tholeiitic
affinity (Type II), and at the contact between mafic to ultramafic volcanic and
metasedimentary rocks within the LLCFZ (Type III). Types I and III tourmalines are
characterized by a Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio ranging between 0.51 and 0.79 and plot, exclusively,
in the dravite field (Figs. 6C & E). Type I tourmalines from the Goldex, Triangle Zone and
Audet deposits tend to be Mg-rich with a Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio above average (0.62-0.79) and
a Mg content reaching 2.27 apfu. In contrast, Type II tourmalines show a variable
Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio ranging between 0.32 and 0.63, and fall in both the schorl and dravite
fields (Figs. 6C & E). Most tourmalines from the Sigma 2, Bloc Sud, Lac Simon, and
Paramaque deposits show a schorl composition with a lower Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio ranging from
0.32 to 0.53, whereas most tourmalines from the Siscoe and Brosnor deposits show a
dravitic composition with a higher Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio ranging from 0.47 to 0.63. Types I, II,
and III tourmalines have a similar Al content with an average of 6.16, 6.02, and 6.27 apfu,
respectively, and an average Fetot+Mg content of 2.77, 2.85, and 2.67 apfu, respectively,
which indicates that the Z-site is generally occupied by 6 Al cations, with substantial Al in
the Y-site due to the alkali defect and/or the dehydroxylation-type substitutions. The Si
content in the T-site is similar for types I, II, and III tourmalines with an average of 5.96, 6.00,
and 5.97 apfu, respectively. Types I, II, and III tourmalines have average Na content of 0.70,
0.73, and 0.69 apfu, respectively, and a low Ca content with average of 0.09, 0.06, and
0.05 apfu, respectively. Types I, II, and III tourmalines have low X-site vacancies with
average of 0.22, 0.21, and 0.26 apfu, respectively. Types I, II, and III tourmalines show

24
negligible F (up to 0.25 apfu) and Cl (up to 0.01 apfu) contents.

Figure 6: Classification of tourmalines from quartz veins (A, C & E) and till (B, D & F) of the Val-d’Or district. (A)
X-site vacancy-Ca-(Na+K) ternary diagram for tourmalines occurring in quartz veins. (B) Till tourmalines in the
same ternary diagram used in (A). (C) Vacant/(Vacant+Na+K) vs Mg/(Mg+Fe) diagram for tourmalines occurring
in quartz veins. (D) Till tourmalines in the same diagram used in (C). (E) Ca/(Ca+Na) vs Mg/(Mg+Fe) diagram
for tourmalines occurring in quartz veins. (F) Till tourmalines in the same diagram used in (E). Compositional
diagrams after Henry et al. (2011).

25
2.4.3.2 Trace elements

Trace elements in tourmalines show significant variations and range over several
orders of magnitude. Minor elements such as K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, and Sr have
an average concentration ranging between tens to hundreds of ppm, with Ti being the most
abundant minor element reaching an average concentration of a few thousands of ppm.
Average content of trace elements such as Li, Be, Co, Cu, Rb, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Cs, Ba,
REE, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th, and U rarely exceed 10 ppm with the lowest concentrations often below
the detection limit. Types I, II, and III tourmalines from the Val-d’Or district have a low content
and show no significant variation for several trace elements including Be (0.04-24.0 ppm),
Y (0.002-2.4 ppm), Mo (<0.5 ppm), REE (<5.0 ppm), high field strength elements such as
Zr (0.02-95.0 ppm), Nb (0.001-0.4 ppm), Hf (0.001-4.9 ppm), Th (<1.0 ppm), U (<1.0 ppm),
and Ta (<0.1 ppm), and large ion lithophile elements such as Rb (0.01-10.0 ppm), Cs (0.001-
0.2 ppm), and Ba (0.04-10.1 ppm).

The average concentration of trace elements in tourmalines shows some systematic

variations according to the deposits. In general, Type I tourmalines hosted in calc-alkaline
intrusions of felsic to intermediate composition generally have lower concentrations of Sc
(Fig. 7A; 4.1-240.6 ppm), V (Fig. 7B; 190.0-875.0 ppm), Cr (Fig. 7C; 1.3-1830.0 ppm), Co
(Fig. 7D; 0.07-20.9 ppm), Ni (Fig. 7E; 1.02-255.0 ppm), and Sn (Fig. 7F; 0.3-11.0 ppm), but
similar K (Fig. 7G; 34.7-1000.0 ppm), Mn (Fig. 7H; 38.8-299.0 ppm), Cu (0.4-20.2 ppm), Zn
(Fig. 7I; 34.4-230.0 ppm), Ga (Fig. 7J; 23.5-78.9 ppm), and Pb (Fig. 7K; 0.89-39.0 ppm)
contents than Type II tourmalines hosted in mafic rocks of tholeiitic affinity. Type I
tourmalines from the D zone at Goldex and from the Parallel Zone at Lamaque Sud have a
higher Cr content (up to 1830 ppm) than most tourmalines of the Val-d’Or district with the
exception of Type II tourmalines from the Brosnor deposit, which show a similar Cr content
(Fig. 7C). Tourmalines from the S1 shear at the Lac Herbin deposit are characterized by a
slightly higher Cu content (12.2-19.2 ppm), whereas tourmalines from the Sigma deposit
show high Mn (Fig. 7H; 99.6-299.0 ppm) and Pb (Fig. 7K; 5.39-39.0 ppm) contents. Type I
tourmalines from the Kiena deposit are rich in Sc (Fig. 7A; 171.5-205.0 ppm), V (Fig. 7B;
789.0-1299.0 ppm), and Ga (Fig. 7J; 55.9-87.0 ppm) but have low Mn (Fig. 7H; 15.8-
65.0 ppm) and Co (Fig. 7D; 0.14-0.6 ppm) contents.

26
Figure 7: Tourmalines composition from quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. Mg/(Mg+Fe) vs (A) Sc, (B) V, (C)
Cr, (D) Co, (E) Ni, (F) Sn, (G) K, (H) Mn, (I) Zn, (J) Ga, (K) Pb, (L) Li.

27
 Type II tourmalines from the Brosnor and Bloc Sud deposits have high
concentrations of Sc (Fig. 7A; 192.0-447.0 ppm), V (Fig. 7B; 1240.0-2630.0 ppm), and Co
(Fig. 7D; 43.2-71.5 ppm), but are depleted in Mn (Fig. 7H; 34.6-65.3 ppm). Brosnor
tourmalines are also rich in Cr (Fig. 7C; 307.0-1166.0 ppm) and Pb (Fig. 7K; 16.30-
55.4 ppm), whereas Bloc Sud tourmalines are rich in Sn (Fig. 7F; 40.1-41.1 ppm). In
contrast, Sigma 2 tourmalines have relatively low contents of V (Fig. 7B; 43.9-90.3 ppm) and
Ni (Fig. 7E; 0.16-8.0 ppm), but higher Mn (Fig. 7H; 154.0-218.0 ppm), Zn (Fig. 7I; 135.0-
270.0 ppm) and Ga (Fig. 7J; 55.0-71.2 ppm) contents. Type III tourmalines from the Lapa
deposit are rich in Li (Fig. 7L; 18.1-25.8 ppm), Mn (Fig. 7H; 193.0-233.4 ppm), and Pb (Fig.
7K; 13.1-28.3 ppm) when compared to most types I and II tourmalines of the Val-d’Or district.
Types I, II, and III tourmalines show variable Ti (427.0-11010.0 ppm) and Sr (86.3-
1920.0 ppm) contents ranging over a few orders of magnitude. Lithium, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn,
Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Sn, and Pb show the largest compositional variations in tourmalines
from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district.

2.4.3.3 Rare earth elements, yttrium, and zirconium

A large number of analyses show a concentration close or below the limit of detection
for some of the REE, resulting in incomplete REE patterns for many tourmaline grains.
However, two distinct chondrite normalized REE patterns (Fig. 8) are distinguished for
tourmalines from the Val-d’Or district: 1) flat pattern showing an enrichment in HREE with a
positive Eu anomaly (Pattern A; Fig. 8A) and 2) flat pattern showing a slight enrichment of
LREE with a positive Eu anomaly (Pattern B; Fig. 8B). Tourmalines generally show both
REE patterns within a single grain, which correlates with the concentric zoning. For example,
the core of the tourmaline grain of sample 96-DP-162 is characterized by REE pattern A,
whereas the rim shows REE pattern B (Figs. 8C & D). However, some tourmalines show
only one of the two REE patterns despite the presence of zonations. Tourmalines showing
a higher ΣREE are generally characterized by higher Y and Zr contents. Tourmaline grains
recovered in glacial sediments are characterized by one of the two REE patterns (Figs. 8E
& F).

28
Figure 8: Chondrite normalized REE patterns in tourmalines from quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. (A) Flat
patterns showing an enrichment in HREE with a positive Eu anomaly. (B) Flat patterns showing a slight
enrichment of LREE with a positive Eu anomaly. (C) Microphotograph of a concentric zoned tourmaline grain
(Beaufor). (D) The core and rim of the tourmaline grain shown in (C) are characterized by the REE patterns A
and B, respectively. (E) Till tourmalines characterized by REE patterns A. (F) Till tourmalines characterized by
REE patterns B. Chondrite composition from Taylor and McLennan (1985).

2.4.3.4 Chemical zonation

Most tourmalines are characterized by concentric zoning where the grain shows a
blue core and a brown rim (Fig. 3). Two representative EPMA profiles, both perpendicular
to the c-axis of the grain, are shown in figure 9. The first profile displays a concentric zonation
(Fig. 9A), which reveals a chemical variation between the blue core (c sector) and brown rim
(a sector). The core has higher contents of Si, Al, Mg and X-site vacancy and lower Fe, Ca,

29
and Ti contents compared to the rim. Trace elements are also fractionated to variable extent
between the core and rim. Potassium, V, Sr, Pb and the REE show the most consistent
behavior and have a lower concentration in the core than in the rim. In contrast, the Ni
content decreases from core to rim. The second profile shows a sector zonation (Fig. 9B),
which reveals a brown c+ sector (core), where the o and the r growth faces of the tourmaline
crystal can be distinguished, and a blue a sector (rim). Similar nomenclature and sector
zoning features for metamorphic tourmalines were described by van Hinsberg et al. (2006)
and from pegmatitic and hydrothermal tourmalines by Marks et al. (2013). The c+ sector
composition has higher contents of Fe, Ca, and Ti and lower contents of Si, Al, Mg, and Na
than the a sector. The o face of the c+ sector is characterized by relatively higher contents
of Na, Ca, Fe, and Ti and a lower content in Mg than the r face. The fractionation of trace
elements in tourmalines characterized by a sector zonation is not consistent. Van Hinsberg
et al. (2006) suggest that the intensity of the brown color in tourmalines depends on the Fe
and Ti contents, which seems to be the case for tourmalines of the Val-d’Or district.

Figure 9: Representative EPMA chemical profiles of tourmalines from quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. (A)
Concentric zoned tourmaline grain (Goldex) characterized by a blue core and a brown rim growth zonation. (B)
Sector zoned tourmaline grain (Lac Herbin) characterized by a brown core, where the o and r crystal faces can

30
be distinguished and a blue rim. The EPMA analyzed points (1, 2, 3, ...) were taken across the surface of the
grain to characterize the compositional variations of the core and rim.

2.4.3.5 Principal component analysis of Val-d’Or tourmalines

Conventional data presentation methods such as binary and ternary diagrams are
useful for datasets where limited number of variables can be selected to show variation
between samples. In contrast, multivariate statistical methods such as PCA allow to
investigate and characterize the complex chemical signature of tourmalines from the Val-
d’Or district by considering a wide array of major, minor, and trace elements, resulting in
better samples classification and discrimination.

Tourmaline EPMA analyses contain more than 40% censored values for Cr, Mn, Cu,
Ni, Co, Cl, Sr, and F, as a result these elements are not considered for PCA. Therefore, Fe,
Ca, Na, Mg, Si, Al, Ti, V, and K are the only elements used to describe the compositional
variations of tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district. The PCA
results are shown in scatter plots PC1-PC2, PC1-PC3, and PC2- PC3 (Fig. 10). In this
analysis, PC1, PC2, and PC3 contribute, respectively, 52.3%, 18.4%, and 12.9% of the
variance, for a total of 83.6%. PC1 is defined by high contributions of Si, Al, Na, Mg, and Fe
in decreasing order of importance. PC2 is defined by high contributions of V, K, and Fe,
whereas PC3 is defined by high contributions of V and Mg.

Sample and variable scores are projected onto the first (PC1) and second (PC2)
principal components (Fig. 10A). From this projection, Type I tourmalines from orogenic gold
deposits hosted in calc-alkaline intrusions of felsic to intermediate composition form a large
cluster in the middle of the scatter plot with an important distribution towards the positive
and negative side of PC1. Type II tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits hosted in mafic
rocks of tholeiitic affinity form a cluster in the upper part of the scatter plot on the positive
side of PC2, with Sigma 2 tourmalines overlapping with the cluster defined by Type I
tourmalines. Type II tourmalines also show a wide range of values along PC1. Type III
tourmalines from the Lapa and Orenada deposits form a cluster overlapping with the cluster
defined by Type I tourmalines. Core and rim analyses plot, respectively, on the positive and
negative values of PC1, with high positive contributions of Ti and Ca for rim analyses. Type
I tourmalines have positive contributions of Ca and Mg, whereas Type II tourmalines have
positive contributions of V, K, and Fe. A transition from Fe-rich toward Mg-rich tourmalines
is recorded by PC2, which generally correlates with the composition of the host rocks.
Dravitic tourmalines occur mainly in calc-alkaline intrusions and at the contact with mafic

31
volcanic and metasedimentary rocks (negative values of PC2), whereas Fe-rich tourmalines
are typical of mafic rocks of tholeiitic affinity (positive values of PC2).

Figure 10: Principal component analysis results of EPMA data for tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits of
the Val-d’Or district. (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till tourmalines projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till tourmalines
projected on PC1-PC3. (E) PC2-PC3. (F) Till tourmalines projected on the PC2-PC3.

To refine the discrimination using PC1 and PC2, sample and variable scores are
projected onto PC1-PC3 and PC2-PC3 (Figs. 10C & E). The PC1-PC3 scatter plot (Fig.
10C) discriminates Sigma 2 tourmalines from other tourmalines of the Val-d’Or district. Most
tourmalines form a single cluster in the middle of the scatter plot, with the exception of Sigma
2 tourmalines, which plots on the negative side of PC3. The PC2-PC3 scatter plot (Fig. 10E)
shows similar discrimination with better clustering. Types I and III tourmalines form
overlapping clusters in the middle of the scatter plot, whereas Type II tourmalines form two
clusters. The first cluster regroups most Type II tourmalines on the positive side of PC3,
whereas Sigma 2 tourmalines form a second cluster on the negative side of PC3. Type II
tourmalines from the Sigma 2 deposit show positive contributions of K and Fe, whereas
Type II tourmalines from the Siscoe, Brosnor, Bloc Sud, Paramaque, and Lac Simon
deposits are characterized by a positive contribution of V. No distinction is possible between

32
types I and III tourmalines in PCA of EPMA data for tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits.

The PCA of LA-ICP-MS data comprises more elements relative to EPMA analyses,
which allows better discrimination of tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or
district. However, because of the small grain size, no tourmaline from the Audet, Canmet
(nord), Lac Simon, Nord-Ouest, Orenada, Siscoe, and Snowbank deposits were analyzed
by LA-ICP-MS. Figure 11 shows the PCA results, which are defined by the combination of
correlations among several elements including Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe,
Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Nb, Sn, Ba, La, Eu, Lu, and Pb. In this analysis, PC1, PC2, and PC3
contribute, respectively, 17.6%, 16.4%, and 16.0% of the total variance for a total of 50.0%.
PC1 is defined by high contributions of Al, Na, Mg, Ga, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Ca, whereas PC2
is defined by high contributions of Nb, Sn, Mn, Li, Fe, and Co, and PC3 is defined by high
contributions of Ti, Eu, La, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Nb, and Mn.

Figure 11 : Principal component analysis results of LA-ICP-MS data for tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits
of the Val-d’Or district. (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till tourmalines projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till
tourmalines projected on PC1-PC3. (E) PC2-PC3. (F) Till tourmalines projected on the PC2-PC3.

Sample and variable scores are projected onto the first (PC1) and second (PC2)

33
principal components (Fig. 11A). From this projection, Type I tourmalines form a large cluster
in the middle of the scatter plot. Type II tourmalines form two different clusters, where
Brosnor and Bloc Sud tourmalines form a cluster on the negative side of PC1, whereas
Sigma 2 and Paramaque tourmalines form a cluster on the positive side of PC2, which
slightly overlap with Lac Herbin tourmalines. Type III tourmalines from the Lapa deposit form
a small cluster in the upper-left quadrant of the scatter plot, which overlap with the cluster
defined by Type I tourmalines. Type I tourmalines have high positive contributions of Na,
Mg, Al, Ca, V, and Ni, whereas Type II tourmalines have high positive contributions of Fe,
Co, Nb, Sn, and Ba. Type III tourmalines from the Lapa deposit have moderately positive
contributions of Li, Mn, La, and Pb. Brosnor tourmalines are highly influenced by Sc, V, Cr,
Co, Ni, and Ba. Bloc Sud tourmalines are influenced by Sc, Ti, V, Co, Sn, and Ba. Sigma 2
tourmalines are influenced by Mn, Fe, Co, Nb, Sn, and Ba. Parmaque tourmalines are highly
influenced by Sc, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Sn. Type II tourmalines chemical signature are
generally characterized by an enrichment in Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Sn,
and Ba; a combination of elements that are characteristic of mafic-ultramafic rocks.

Samples and variable scores are projected onto the scatter plot PC1-PC3 and PC2-
PC3 (Figs. 11C & E). The PC1-PC3 scatter plot (Fig. 11C) discriminates Brosnor and Bloc
Sud tourmalines from all other tourmalines of the Val-d’Or district by forming a cluster on the
negative side of PC1. Sigma 2 and Paramaque tourmalines can not be discriminated from
types I and III tourmalines. The PC2-PC3 scatter plot (Fig. 11E) discriminates Sigma 2
tourmalines from all other tourmalines of the Val-d’Or district by plotting on the positive side
of PC2. Brosnor, Bloc sud, and Paramaque tourmalines can not be discriminated from types
I and III tourmalines. On the scatter plot PC1-PC3 and PC2-PC3 (Figs. 11C & E), most
tourmalines form a single cluster, which suggests no co-variation.

To determine the provenance of tourmaline grains recovered in glacial sediment

samples, both EPMA and LA-ICP-MS till data have been projected on their respective PCA
defined by tourmalines associated to gold mineralization (Figs. 10 & 11). PCA results of
EPMA data show that the majority of till tourmalines plot in the field defined by Type I
tourmalines (Figs. 10B, D & F) with only a few tourmaline grains plotting in the field defined
by Type II tourmalines. Orogenic gold deposits containing Type I tourmalines are dominant
in the area of the till sample transect. On all scatter plots (PC1-PC2, PC1-PC3 and PC2-
PC3), some tourmaline grains remain unclassified and plot outside the defined fields. In
figure 10B, 75% of the tourmaline grains from till sample 14-DG-004 plot in the field defined

34
by type II tourmalines. Till sample 14-DG-004 is located 0.75 km down-ice of the Paramaque
deposit and the tourmalines present in the deposit belong to Type II tourmalines.

PCA results of LA-ICP-MS data show that most till tourmalines plot in the field defined
by type I tourmalines (Figs. 11B, D & F) with almost no tourmaline grains plotting in the field
defined by type II tourmalines. In figure 11B, two tourmaline grains plot in the field defined
by tourmalines from the Brosnor and Bloc Sud deposits with no tourmaline plotting in the
field defined by tourmalines from the Sigma 2 and Paramaque deposits. Sigma 2, Brosnor,
and Bloc Sud deposits are, respectively, located at 8, 12, and 14 km east of the till sample
transect, suggesting that Type II tourmalines from those deposits should not be recovered
in the HMC of till samples. The only deposit containing Type II tourmalines located along the
transect is the Paramque deposits located 0.75 km up-ice of till sample 14-DG-004. This
suggests that some tourmalines from till sample 14-DG-004 and 14-DG-005 should plot in
the field defined by Type II tourmalines which is not the case in figure 11B. However, several
till tourmalines were not analyzed by LA-ICP-MS due to their small size.

2.4.3.6 Principal component analysis of tourmalines from various deposit types.

In addition to classify tourmalines from gold mineralization of the Val-d’Or district,

PCA is useful to discriminate and compare the chemistry of tourmalines from orogenic gold
deposits (this study; Deksissa and Koeberl, 2002; Jiang et al., 2002; Hazarika et al., 2015,
2016) and various deposit types such as vein-type Pb-Zn-Cu±U (Yavuz et al., 2011), Cu-Mo
porphyry (Iveson et al., 2016), vein-type Sn (Jiang et al., 2004), emerald (Galbraith et al.,
2009), massive sulfide (Griffin et al., 1996; Slack et al., 1999), tourmalinite (Griffin et al.,
1996), and from the pegmatitic and hydrothermal systems of the Schwarzwald area (Marks
et al., 2013). Since different elements are reported in literature for tourmalines, two PCA
models were defined using 17 traces elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb, Lu, Sc, Ti, V, Zn,
Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, Pb, and Cr; Fig. 12) and 16 major and trace elements (Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca,
Na, K, Zn, Cu, Sr, Zr, Sn, Ba, Pb, and Cr; Fig. 13).

Figure 12 shows the PCA results of tourmalines from orogenic gold (Val-d’Or, Big
Bell, Mount Gibson, Hutti, Uti, Hira-Buddini, and Okote), vein-type Sn (Yunlong), Cu-Mo
porphyry (Margaret), and vein-type Pb-Zn-Cu±U (Asarcık) deposits. In this analysis, PC1,
PC2, and PC3 contribute, respectively, 33.1%, 15.3%, and 9.6% of the variance, for a total
of 58.0%. PC1 is defined by high contributions of Sc, V, Zn, Sr, Ti, Cr, and Eu in decreasing
order of importance. PC2 is defined by high contributions of Yb, Lu, Zr, Cr, and Y, whereas
PC3 is defined by high contributions of Pb, Ba, Sr, Yb, Lu, and Zn.

35
 Sample and variable scores are projected onto the first (PC1) and second (PC2)
principal components (Fig. 12A). From this projection, tourmalines from orogenic gold
deposits form a large cluster in the middle of the scatter plot, whereas tourmalines from the
Yunlong, Margaret, and Asarcık deposits form a cluster on the negative side of PC1, slightly
overlapping with the cluster defined by tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits. Yunlong,
Margaret, and Asarcık tourmalines have positive contributions of La, Ce, Nd, Sm, and Y.
Tourmalines from the Yunlong deposits also have a positive contribution of Zr. Tourmalines
from orogenic gold deposits are characterized by a low metal content, whereas tourmalines
from the Yunlong (Sn) and from the Asarcık (Pb-Zn-Cu±U) deposits are characterized by
high Sn and Pb-Zn contents, respectively, which reflects the metal content from each
deposit. However, the Cu content in tourmalines from the Yunlong, Margaret, and Asarcık
deposits is similar to the Cu content in tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits.

Figure 12: Principal component analysis results of tourmalines from various deposit types including orogenic
gold (this study; Hazarika et al., 2015; Hazarika et al., 2016; Jiang et al., 2002; Deksissa and Koeberl, 2002),
vein-type Sn (Jiang et al., 2004), Cu-Mo porphyry (Iveson et al., 2016), and vein-type Pb-Zn-Cu±U (Yavuz et
al., 2011). (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till tourmalines projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till tourmalines projected
on PC1-PC3.

To refine the discrimination using PC1 and PC2, sample and variable scores are
projected onto the scatter plot PC1-PC3 (Fig. 12B). As for the scatter plot of PC1-PC2,

36
tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits form a single cluster in the middle of the PC1-PC3
scatter plot. Yunlong, Margaret, and Asarcık tourmalines are discriminated from orogenic
gold tourmalines by plotting on the negative side of PC1. Tourmalines from the Asarcık
deposit form a well-defined cluster in the upper-left quadrant of the scatter plot on the
positive side of PC3, whereas tourmalines from the Margaret and Yunlong deposits form a
cluster in the lower-left quadrant of the scatter plot on the negative side of PC3. Asarcık
tourmalines are discriminated from those in the Margaret and Yunlong deposits, since
tourmalines from the Asarcık deposit have positive contributions of Pb and Ba, which is
recorded by PC3.

Figure 13 shows the results PCA of tourmalines from orogenic gold (Val-d’Or),
massive sulfide (e.g. Kidd Creek, Sullivan), tourmalinite, and emerald (Tsa de Glisza)
deposits, and from the pegmatitic and hydrothermal systems of the Schwarzwald area. In
this analysis, PC1, PC2, and PC3 contribute, respectively, 35.8%, 19.2%, and 8.0% of the
variance, for a total of 63.0%. PC1 is defined by high contributions of Na, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Sr,
and K in decreasing order of importance. PC2 is defined by high contributions of Mn, Zn,
Sn, and K, whereas PC3 is defined by high contributions of Pb, Ca, Mn, and Sn.

Sample and variable scores are projected onto the first (PC1) and second (PC2)
principal components (Fig. 13A). From this projection, tourmalines from orogenic gold
deposits form a large cluster in the middle of the scatter plot. Tourmalines from massive
sulfide, tourmalinite, and emerald deposits plot on the negative side of PC1. Massive sulfide
and tourmalinite tourmalines show the highest negative values along PC1 and form
overlapping clusters. Tourmalines from the Tsa de Glisza emerald deposit show the lowest
negatives values along PC1 and form a cluster between the clusters defined by orogenic
gold and massive sulfide/tourmalinite tourmalines. Tourmalines from the pegmatitic-
hydrothermal system of the Schwarwald area form a cluster on the positive side of PC2, with
pegmatitic tourmalines showing the highest positive values. Tourmalines from massive
sulfide and tourmalinite have moderately positive contributions of Zr, Sn, and Ba, whereas
tourmalines from the Schwarwald area have high positive contributions of Mn, K, Zn, and
Sn. Pegmatitic tourmalines of the Schwarzwald have positive contributions of Al and Fe,
which allows them to be discriminated from hydrothermal tourmalines of the same area.

Similar discrimination is observed using scatter plot PC1-PC3 (Fig. 13B), however
most tourmalines from Pb-Zn±Cu massive sulfide deposits can be distinguished from those
occurring in tourmalinite and Cu±Zn massive sulfide deposits. In contrast, tourmalines from

37
the Schwarzwald area can not be distinguished from orogenic gold tourmalines of the Val-
d’Or district. Tourmalines from the Pb-Zn±Cu massive sulfide deposits are discriminated
from those occurring in Cu±Zn massive sulfide deposits, since they, respectively, have
positive contributions of Pb and Ba, which is recoded by PC3. Tourmalines from massive
sulfide deposits have high Cu, Zn, and Pb contents, compared to orogenic gold tourmalines
of the Val-d’Or district.

Figure 13: Principal component analysis results of tourmalines from various deposit types including orogenic
gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district (this study), massive sulfide (Griffin et al., 1996; Slack et al., 1999),
tourmalinite (Griffin et al., 1996), emerald (Galbraith et al., 2009), and from the pegmatitic and hydrothermal
systems of the Schwarzwald area (Marks et al., 2013). (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till tourmalines projected on PC1-
PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till tourmalines projected on PC1-PC3.

Chemical data of till tourmalines of the Val-d’Or district have been projected on both
PCA defined by tourmalines from various deposit types (Figs. 12 & 13). Most till tourmalines
plot in the field defined by tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits (Figs. 12B & D; Figs.
13B & D) with a few grains plotting outside but closed to the limit of the orogenic gold
tourmalines field. Till tourmalines from the Val-d’Or district show the chemical signature of
tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits.

38
2.4.4 Geochemistry of scheelites from orogenic gold deposits and till samples

Thirteen EPMA analyses were completed on 13 scheelite grains from three gold
deposits located within the Val-d’Or district (Appendix VIII), which includes the Beaufor and
Sigma deposits and the Triangle Zone of the Lamaque Sud gold project. Given that
scheelites size range from 0.5 cm to 5 cm, all grains analyzed by EPMA were large enough
to be analyzed by LA-ICP-MS (Appendix IX). The three grains recovered in till samples,
down-ice of the Beaufor deposit, were also analyzed by EPMA (Appendix VIII) and LA-ICP-
MS (Appendix IX).

2.4.4.1 Major elements

Scheelites from Au-bearing quartz veins and till samples of the Val-d’Or district show
a narrow range in composition. Hexavalent Mo can substitute for W 6+, which forms a
complete solid solution series between scheelite (CaWO4) and powellite (CaMoO4).
Scheelites are characterized by a similar content of major elements, where Ca and W range
from 13.76-14.08 wt% and 62.01-64.29 wt%, respectively, and Mo is lower than 0.02 wt%.
Since the Mo content in scheelites from the Val-d’Or district is low, Mo is considered as a
trace element. Although scheelites from the Val-d’Or district show small content variation in
their major elements, there are subtle variations in their content of trace elements.

2.4.4.2 Trace elements

Trace elements in scheelites range over a few orders of magnitude for Na, K, Fe, S,
Sr, Y, Mo, Pb and most REE with average concentrations ranging between tens to hundreds
of ppm. Average content of Li, B, Mg, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Nb, Ag, Sn, Ba, Tm,
Lu, Ta, Th, and U rarely exceeds 10 ppm with the lowest concentrations often below the
detection limit. Scheelites from the Val-d’Or district do not show significant variation for
several trace elements including Li (0.1-1.6 ppm), B (0.2-3.2 ppm), Ti (0.06-2.4 ppm), Co
(<1 ppm), Ba (0.03-1.5 ppm), Ta (<1 ppm), Th (<1 ppm), and U (<1 ppm), whereas most Si,
Cr, Ag, and Sn analyses in scheelites are below the detection limit.

Scheelites from the Sigma deposit are typically characterized by high Mg (2.9-
63.0 ppm), S (109.0-271.0 ppm), K (1.4-78.0 ppm), Mn (2.9-10.0 ppm), and Pb (16.3-
128.5 ppm) contents and low contents of V (0.1-0.6 ppm), Cu (0.1-1.4 ppm), Sr (199.9-
295.2 ppm), Nb (2.2-4.6 ppm), and Mo (4.5-5.7 ppm; Fig. 14). In contrast, scheelites from
the Beaufor deposit typically show high V (0.1-0.8 ppm), Cu (2.9-14.8 ppm), Sr (493.0-
700.0 ppm), Nb (3.7-9.7 ppm), and Mo (16.9-209.0 ppm) contents and low contents of Mg

39
(3.3-8.2 ppm), S (67.0-198.0 ppm), K (0.7-6.1 ppm), Mn (1.6-4.4 ppm), and Pb (5.3-
34.0 ppm; Fig. 14). Scheelites from the Triangle Zone show higher contents of K (106.0-
121.0 ppm), V (1.3-1.5 ppm), Zn (3.0-3.5 ppm), As (21.5-43.0 ppm), Sr (772.0-812.0 ppm),
and Pb (155.0-179.0 ppm) and lower contents of Mn (2.0-2.3 ppm) and Nb (2.0-2.2 ppm)
than Sigma and Beaufor scheelites (Fig. 14). Triangle Zone scheelites show similar Mo
(42.1-46.6 ppm) and Cu (10.3-12.5 ppm) contents than scheelites from the Beaufor deposit
and a similar Mg (13.5-23.9 ppm) content than scheelites from the Sigma deposit (Fig. 14).
Magnesium, S, K, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Nb, Mo, and Pb show the largest compositional
variations in scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district, whereas Na, Fe,
and Y show significant variations but are not characteristic elements in Sigma, Beaufor, and
Triangle Zone scheelites.

Figure 14: Scheelites composition (Sr, S, Pb, Mo, Mg, K, As, Nb, Mn, Cu, Zn, and V) from quartz veins of the
Val-d’Or district.

40
2.4.4.3 Rare earth elements

Scheelites from Au-bearing quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district are characterized by
bell-shaped REE patterns with either a positive or negative Eu anomaly (Fig. 15). Scheelites
from the Sigma deposit are characterized by bell-shaped REE patterns with a positive Eu
anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 1.95-5.10) and a maximum enrichment centred between Sm and Gd
(Fig. 15A). Sigma scheelites are characterized by high ∑REE with an average of 1118 ppm,
ranging from 649 to 1567 ppm. They also have relative low (La/Sm)N and high (Gd/Lu)N ratios
ranging from 0.09-0.34 and 3.32-9.57, respectively. Scheelites from the Sigma deposit are
enriched in LREE ((La/Lu)N = 0.5-1.58) compared to those from the Beaufor and the Triangle
Zone ((La/Lu)N = 0.17-1.02). Scheelites from the Beaufor deposit and Triangle Zone are
characterized by bell-shaped REE patterns with a small negative Eu anomaly (Figs. 15B &
C; Eu/Eu* = 0.52-0.83). Beaufor and Triangle Zone scheelites are characterized by high
∑REE with averages of 1192 ppm and 1685 ppm, respectively. The sum of the REE ranges
from 412 to 2070 ppm in scheelites from Beaufor deposit and from 1259 to 2068 ppm in
scheelites from the Triangle Zone deposit. They also have relative low (La/Sm)N and high
(Gd/Lu)N ratios ranging from 0.01-0.04 and 16.27-36.04, respectively. The three scheelite
grains recovered in glacial sediment samples are characterized by REE patterns similar to
Beaufor and Triangle Zone scheelites (Fig. 15D). No grain shows the REE patterns of
scheelites from the Sigma deposit.

41
Figure 15: Chondrite normalized REE patterns in scheelites from quartz veins of the Val-d’Or district. (A) Bell-
shaped REE patterns with a positive Eu anomaly (Sigma). (B) Bell-shaped patterns with a small negative Eu
anomaly (Beaufor). (C) Bell-shaped patterns with a small negative Eu anomaly (Triangle Zone). (D) Till
scheelites characterized by bell-shaped patterns with a small negative Eu anomaly. Chondrite composition from
Taylor and McLennan (1985).

2.4.4.4 Cathodoluminescence

Cathodoluminescence is a useful technique to characterize micro-texture in minerals

which can not be detected using optical methods. Scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of
the Val-d’Or district have a homogeneous cathodoluminescence response (Figs. 4D & E)
that is consistent with scheelites from other orogenic gold deposits, such as Morro Velho,
Hollinger, Sigma and Mackenzie, as described by Poulin (2016). However, one scheelite
grain from the Beaufor deposit has a two color cathodoluminescence response, where an
irregular brighter patch is distinguished from the main darker color on the
cathodoluminescence image (Fig. 4F). Homogeneous cathodoluminescence response
combined to backscattered electron images suggest no discernible zonation in most
scheelites of the Val-d’Or district.

2.4.4.5 Principal component analysis of Val-d’Or scheelites

Scheelite EPMA data includes analyses for only 7 elements (Na, Ca, Fe, Sr, Y, Mo,
and W) and contains more than 40% censored values for Fe and Mo. Due to lack of analyzed

42
elements, PCA were not used to explain the compositional variations of scheelites. Scheelite
LA-ICP-MS data was investigated using PCA in order to describe the variation in
composition of scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district. The following
elements are used in the PCA: Li, B, Na, Mg, S, K, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Y, Nb,
Mo, Ba, La, Eu, Lu, Ta, Pb, Th, and U. The PCA results are shown in scatter plots PC1-PC2
and PC1-PC3 (Fig. 16). In this analysis, PC1, PC2, and PC3 contribute, respectively, 33.2%,
22.0%, and 10.0% of the variance, for a total of 65.2%. PC1 is defined by high contributions
of Eu, Lu, La, S, Y, Na, and Pb in decreasing order of importance. PC2 is defined by high
contributions of Nb, Ta, Y, Sr, Na, Li, and Mn, whereas PC3 is defined by high contributions
of B, Fe, Ti, Mn, and Li.

Figure 16: Principal component analysis results of LA-ICP-MS data for scheelites from orogenic gold deposits
of the Val-d’Or district. (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till scheelites projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till scheelites
projected on PC1-PC3.

Sample and variable scores are projected onto the first (PC1) and second (PC2)
principal components (Fig. 16A). From this projection, scheelites form three distinct clusters,
one for each deposit (Sigma, Beaufor, and Triangle Zone of the Lamaque Sud gold project).
Scheelites from the Triangle Zone deposit and most scheelites from the Beaufor deposit plot
on the negative side of PC1, whereas scheelites from the Sigma deposit plot on the positive

43
side of PC1. Scheelites from the Beaufor deposit plots on the positive side of PC2, whereas
scheelites from the Triangle Zone plots on the negative side of PC2. Scheelites from the
Sigma deposit have positive contributions of S, La, Eu, Lu, and Th, whereas scheelites from
the Beaufor deposit have positive contributions of Li, V, Cu, Sr, Nb, Mo, Ba, and Ta.
Scheelites from the Triangle Zone have positive contributions of Mg, K, V, Cu, Zn, As, Pb,
and U. Sigma, Beaufor and Triangle Zone scheelites are characterized by distinct chemical
signatures.

To refine the discrimination using PC1 and PC2, sample and variable scores are
projected onto PC1-PC3 (Figs. 16C). Scheelites from the Beaufor and Triangle Zone
deposits form two clusters close to each other on the negative side of PC1, suggesting that
the composition of scheelites from those deposits is similar. Scheelites from the Sigma
deposit are distinguished from Beaufor and Triangle Zone scheelites by forming a cluster on
the positive side of PC1.

LA-ICP-MS chemical data of scheelite grains recovered in glacial sediments were

projected on PC1-PC2 (Fig. 16B) and PC1-PC3 (Fig. 16D) to determine their provenance.
In figure 16B, two scheelite grains from till samples 14-DG-002 and 14-DG-003 plot close to
the field defined by scheelites from the Beaufor deposit, whereas the other scheelite grain
from sample 14-DG-002 plots close to the field defined by scheelites from the Triangle Zone
deposit. In figure 16D, scheelite grains from till samples 14-DG-002 and 14-DG-003 plot,
respectively, in or close to the field defined by scheelites from the Beaufor deposit. No till
scheelites plot in the field defined by Sigma and Triangle Zone scheelites. The Sigma
deposit and the Triangle Zone are located 14 km west of the till sampling transect, which
suggests that scheelites from those deposits should not be recovered from the till samples.
However, the Beaufor deposit is located less than 1 km up-ice of the till sample 14-DG-002,
therefore, scheelites recovered from the till samples should show a chemistry similar to
Beaufor scheelites.

2.4.4.6 Principal component analysis of scheelites from various deposit types

In addition to classify scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district,
PCA is useful to discriminate and compare scheelite chemistry from various orogenic gold
deposits (this study; Hazarika et al., 2016; Sciuba et al., in prep.) and from the W-Mo skarn
deposits from the Chizhou area (Song et al., 2014). Since different elements were available
in literature for scheelites, two PCA models were defined using 24 elements (B, Na, Mg, S,
K, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Y, Nb, Mo, Ba, Ta, Pb, Th, U, Eu*, and ∑REE; Fig. 17)

44
and 19 elements (Sr, Y, Mo, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu,
and Pb; Fig. 18).

Figure 17 shows the PCA results of scheelites from orogenic gold deposits including
Val-d’Or (this study), Essakane, Macraes, Canadian Malartic, Kumtor, Buzwagi, Young
Davidson, Cuiaba, Edward’s Find, Hutti, Meliadine, Mt Charlotte, Mt Pleasant, Dome,
Norseman, Nevoria, Paddington, Marvel Loch, Tarmoola, and Kochkar (Sciuba et al., in
prep.). In this analysis, PC1, PC2, and PC3 contribute, respectively, 20.4%, 14.1%, and
10.2% of the variance, for a total of 44.7%. PC1 is defined by high contributions of Nb,
ΣREE, Y, As, Ta, V, Na and Mo in decreasing order of importance. PC2 is defined by high
contributions of K, Na, Zn, Cu, Pb, ΣREE, B, Y and Eu*, whereas PC3 is defined by high
contributions of Mn, Eu*, S, Ta, Zn, K and Nb.

Figure 17: Principal component analysis results of scheelites from various orogenic gold deposits (this study;
Sciuba et al., in prep.). (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till scheelites projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till scheelites
projected on PC1-PC3. (E) PC2-PC3. (F) Till scheelites projected on the PC2-PC3.

Sample and variable scores are projected onto the first (PC1) and second (PC2)
principal components (Fig. 17A). From this projection, scheelites from felsic to intermediate

45
rocks-hosted deposits (Sigma, Beaufor, Triangle Zone, and Young Davidson), with the
exception of scheelites from the Kochkar deposit, form a distinct cluster in the upper-right
quadrant of the scatter plot, whereas scheelites from sediment-hosted deposits (Essakane,
Malartic, Macraes) form a cluster in the lower-left quadrant of the scatter plot. Scheelites
from mafic to ultramafic rocks-hosted deposits (Cuiaba, Edwar’s Find, Hutti, Mt Charlotte,
Mt Pleasant, Dome, Norseman, Nevoria, Paddington, Marvel Loch, Tarmoola) form a cluster
extending from the upper-left quadrant to the lower-right quadrant. Sigma, Beaufor and
Triangle Zone scheelites have positive contributions of Na, Y, and ∑REE. Scheelites from
the Val-d’Or district have a chemical signature similar to scheelites from the Dome and
Young Davidson deposits, which are, respectively, located in the Abitibi greenstone belt
along the Porcupine-Destor Fault Zone and the western segment of the Larder Lake-
Cadillac Fault Zone.

Sample and variable scores are projected onto scatter plot PC1-PC3 and PC2-PC3
(Figs. 17C & E). Scheelites from sediment-hosted deposits and from felsic to intermediate
rocks-hosted deposits, with the exception of scheelites from the Kochkar deposit also form
clusters on PC1-PC3. However, the scatter plot PC2-PC3 do not display any clustering
based on dominant host rock lithology.

Figure 18 shows the PCA result of scheelites from orogenic gold deposits including
Val-d’Or (this study), Hutti (Hazarika et al., 2016), and worldwide deposits (Sciuba et al., in
prep.) and from the W-Mo skarn deposits from the Chizhou area (Song et al., 2014). In this
analysis, PC1, PC2, and PC3 contribute, respectively, 58.3%, 18.6%, and 11.2% of the
variance, for a total of 88.1%. PC1 is defined by high contributions of Y and HREE, whereas
PC2 is defined by high contributions of MREE with the exception of Eu. PC3 is defined by
high contributions of Eu, Pb, and Sr.

Sample and variable scores are projected onto the first (PC1) and second (PC2)
principal components (Fig. 18A). On this projection, most scheelites from orogenic gold
deposits form a large cluster in the middle of the scatter plot with scheelites from the
Kochkar, Kumtor, Canadian Malartic, and Nevoria deposits showing higher negative values
along PC1. Scheelites from the Crusader deposit form a cluster in the lower-right quadrant
of the scatter plot, whereas scheelites from the W-Mo skarns of the Chizhou area form a
cluster on the negative side of PC1. Scheelites from the Sigma, Beaufor and Triangle Zone
deposits plot in the upper part of the cluster defined by scheelites from orogenic gold
deposits. Scheelites from the Val-d’Or district have positive contributions of MREE and

46
HREE. Scheelites from the Crusader deposit have positive contributions of Mo, Y, and
HREE, whereas scheelites from the W-Mo skarn deposits of the Chizhou area have positive
contributions of LREE. Sample and variable scores were projected onto scatter plot PC1-
PC3 and PC2-PC3 (Figs.18C & E) and shows similar clustering.

Figure 18: Principal component analysis results of scheelites from various orogenic gold (this study; Hazarika
et al., 2016; Sciuba et al., in prep.) and skarn deposits (Song et al., 2014). (A) PC1- PC2. (B) Till scheelites
projected on PC1-PC2. (C) PC1-PC3. (D) Till scheelites projected on PC1-PC3. (E) PC2-PC3. (F) Till scheelites
projected on the PC2-PC3.

Chemical data of till scheelites of the Val-d’Or district has been projected on both
PCA defined by scheelites from various deposit types (Figs. 17 & 18). In figures 17B, D & F,
two scheelite grains from till samples 14-DG-002 and 14-DG-003 plot in or close to the field
defined by scheelites from the Val-d’Or district and show a chemical signature similar to
scheelites from the Beaufor deposit. The other scheelite grain from till sample 14-DG-002
shows a chemical signature similar to scheelites from the Canadian Malartic deposit, which
is located 40 km west of the till sampling transect. In figures 18B, D & F, scheelite grains
from till samples 14-DG-002 and 14-DG-003 plot, respectively, in and close to the field
defined by scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district. Till scheelites from

47
the Val-d’Or district show the chemical signature of scheelites from orogenic gold deposits.

2.4.5 Geochemistry of magnetites from orogenic gold deposits and till samples

Forty EPMA analyses were completed on 40 magnetite and hematite grains from
seven orogenic gold deposits located within the Val-d’Or district (Appendix VIII), which
includes the Beaufor, Bloc Sud, Goldex, Lac Herbin, Vein No. 5, Louvicourt and Sigma
deposits. Three hundred fourteen magnetite grains recovered in till samples were analyzed
by EPMA (Appendix VIII). LA-ICP-MS analyses were not completed for magnatites.

2.4.5.1 Trace elements

Trace elements in magnetites and hematites from Au-bearing quartz veins and their
host rocks show significant compositional variations ranging over a few orders of magnitude
for Mg (25-7405 ppm), Al (32-8017 ppm), Si (26-9927 ppm), P (3-73 ppm), K (18-274 ppm),
Ca (21-20181 ppm), Ti (20-17989 ppm), V (56-7447 ppm), Cr (10-32409 ppm), Mn (20-
1876 ppm), Ni (20-2340 ppm), Cu (97-560 ppm), Zn (127-1010 ppm), and Sn (54-240 ppm).
Hydrothermal magnetites from the Goldex, Sigma, and Louvicourt deposits and
hydrothermal hematites from the Vein No. 5 and Lac Herbin deposits are typically
characterized by higher Cr, Zn, Mn, K, Ca, Ti, and Al contents than magmatic magnetites
from the Beaufor and Bloc Sud intrusive host rocks. Magnetites from the Louvicourt deposit
show a high Ni content, whereas hematites from the Vein No. 5 deposit show a high Sn
content.

2.4.5.2 Magnetite discriminant diagrams

Several compositional diagrams have been proposed by Dupuis and Beaudoin

(2011) to discriminate magnetites from various ore deposits or rock types. The Ni+Cr vs
Si+Mg diagram is used to identify magnetites from Ni-Cu-PGE deposits. Magnetites from
Au-bearing quartz veins and from the intrusive host rocks plot outside the field defined by
Ni-Cu-PGE magnetites on this diagram (Fig. 19A) with the exception of two magnetite grains
from the Louvicourt deposit.

Magnetites from the Val-d’Or district plot in various fields including those for skarn,
porphyry, Kiruna, and Fe-Ti, V deposits on the Ca+Al+Mn vs Ti+V diagram (Fig. 19C).
However, most hydrothermal magnetites and hematites can be discriminate from magmatic
magnetites in the Ca+Al+Mn vs Ti+V diagrams. Hydrothermal magnetites from the Goldex
and Sigma deposits and hydrothermal hematites from the Lac Herbin and Vein No. 5
deposits plot in the upper part of the diagram with the exception of magnetites from the

48
Louvicourt deposit. Magmatic magnetites from the Beaufor and Bloc Sud intrusive host rocks
plot in the lower part of the diagram in an undefined field, which is below the field defined by
BIF, IOCG, and Kiruna magnetites.

Figure 19: Magnetite compositional diagrams. (A) Ni+Cr vs Si+Mg diagram for magnetites occurring in quartz
veins and intrusive host rocks. (B) Till magnetites in the same diagram used in (A). (C) Ca+Al+Mn vs Ti+V
diagram for magnetites occurring in quartz veins and intrusive host rocks. (D) Till magnetites in the same diagram
used in (C). Compositional diagrams after Dupuis and Beaudoin (2011).

In the Ni+Cr vs Si+Mg diagram, most till magnetites plot outside the field defined by
Ni-Cu-PGE magnetites with the exception of a few magnetite grains (Fig. 19B). Till
magnetites plot in every field defined in the Ca+Al+Mn vs Ti+V diagram (Fig. 19D). Several
magnetite grains recovered in till sample 14-DG-002 show a chemical signature similar to
the signature of magmatic magnetites from the host rocks of the Beaufor and Bloc Sud
deposits. In contrast, magnetites from till samples 14-DG-001, 14-DG-003, 14-DG-004, and
14-DG-005 do not show this chemical signature. The Beaufor deposit, which contains
magmatic magnetites in the dioritic host rocks, is located less than 1 km up-ice of till sample
14-DG-002.

49
2.5 Discussion
The petrographic, mineral chemistry data and PCA show that the chemical signature
of tourmalines and scheelites are recognizable in orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or
district. The chemical signature of tourmalines and scheelites are characteristic of orogenic
gold deposits and differ from the signature of other deposit types. Magnetites are rare in
orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district and their chemical signature differs from
magmatic magnetites occurring in the intrusive host rocks. In the following sections, the
composition of tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites are discussed to determine the
various factors controlling their chemistry in orogenic gold deposits in order to determine the
provenance of till tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites for the purpose of mineral
exploration.

2.5.1 Compositional variations in tourmaline

Type I tourmalines occur in Au-bearing quartz veins hosted in calc-alkaline intrusions

of felsic to intermediate composition (e.g., Sigma-Lamaque, Beaufor, and Goldex), whereas
Type II tourmalines occur in Au-bearing quartz veins hosted in mafic plutonic or volcanic
rocks of tholeiitic affinity (e.g., Sigma 2, Siscoe, and Brosnor). Type III tourmalines occur in
Au-bearing quartz veins hosted at the contact between mafic to ultramafic volcanic and
metasedimentary rocks (Lapa and Orenada). Types I and III tourmalines are characterized
by a dravitic composition with similar Mg/(Mg+Fe) and Ca/(Ca+Na) ratios ranging from 0.51
to 0.79 and 0.01 to 0.14 (Figs. 6C & E), respectively. Type II tourmalines from the Sigma 2,
Bloc Sud, and Paramaque deposits show a schorlitic composition with Mg/(Mg+Fe) and
Ca/(Ca+Na) ratios ranging from 0.32 to 0.43 and 0.05 to 0.13 (Figs. 6C & E), respectively,
whereas Type II tourmalines from the Siscoe and Brosnor deposits are characterized by a
dravitic composition with a higher Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio ranging from 0.47 to 0.63, but similar
Ca/(Ca+Na) ratio ranging from 0.01 to 0.10 (Figs. 6C & E).

Robert and Brown (1986b) proposed a vein paragenesis for the Au-bearing veins of
the Sigma deposit where calcium-bearing minerals (e.g., carbonate, scheelite, apatite, and
epidote) are the first minerals to precipitate, followed by the crystallization of tourmalines
and pyrites. Mass balance calculations show that during filling of the veins, hydrothermal
fluids contributed Ca, Na, Si, CO2, B, S, and P to precipitate minerals, whereas Mg, Fe, Al,
and Ti were derived from the breakdown of wall rock chlorites and biotites (Robert and
Brown, 1986b). Calcium from the hydrothermal fluid was partitioned in Ca-bearing minerals,
which were among the first minerals to precipitate, resulting in low Ca/(Ca+Na) ratio in

50
tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district. The release of Mg, Fe, Ti,
and Al caused by fluid-wall rock interaction favoured the deposition of tourmalines and
pyrites in the veins and wall rocks. The composition of tourmalines should thus reflect the
chemistry of the host rock, however, the Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio from most tourmalines is inversely
proportional to the composition of the host rock. Mg-rich tourmalines hosted in tholeiitic rocks
may result from partitioning of Fe into co-precipitating Fe-sulfides (Henry and Dutrow, 1993;
Slack, 1996; Jiang et al., 2002) or from high fluid/rock ratios, where the tourmaline chemistry
reflects preferentially the composition of the fluid with minor chemical control of the host rock
(Jiang et al., 2002). Since tourmalines and Fe-sulfides co-precipitated during vein formation,
Fe is partitioned into pyrite, pyrrhotite, and/or arsenopyrite, resulting in a Fe enrichment or
depletion in tourmalines. Tourmalines that lack an association with Fe-sulfides generally
shows a higher Fe content. Magnesium was not in competition in co-precipitating minerals,
so it partitioned entirely in tourmalines.

Type I tourmalines occur in Au-bearing quartz veins containing pyrite. Since Fe is

partitioned into pyrite, Type I tourmalines are characterized by a low Fe content in the Y-site
and a Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio above 0.5, which suggests a dravitic composition (Figs. 6C & E).
Type I tourmalines from the Goldex, Triangle Zone, and Audet deposits occur in Au-bearing
quartz veins containing a pyrite content above average resulting in a lower Fe content than
most Type I tourmalines and a higher Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio up to 0.79. Type II tourmalines from
the Sigma 2, Bloc Sud and Paramaque deposits occur in Au-bearing quartz veins where
pyrite is rare or absent. These tourmalines occur in tholeiitic rocks-hosted deposits and are
characterized by a high Fe content in the Y-site because Fe is not partitioned in co-
precipitating Fe-sulfides. Their Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio is below 0.5, which suggests a schorlitic
composition for Sigma 2, Bloc Sud and Paramaque tourmalines (Figs. 6C & E). In contrast,
Type II tourmalines from the Siscoe and Brosnor deposits occur in Au-bearing quartz veins
containing pyrite. These tourmalines are characterized by a Fe content in the Y-site similar
to most Type I tourmalines and a Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio above 0.5, which suggests a dravitic
composition (Figs. 6C & E). Type III tourmalines occur in quartz veins containing
arsenopyrite and/or pyrrhotite. Since Fe is partitioned into arsenopyrites and/or pyrrhotites,
Type III tourmalines are characterized by a low Fe content in the Y-site and a Mg/(Mg+Fe)
ratio above 0.5, suggesting a dravitic composition (Figs. 6C & E).

Type I tourmalines from calc-alkaline rocks-hosted deposits generally show no major

chemical variations among trace elements, with the exception of tourmalines from the D

51
zone of the Goldex deposit and from the Parallel Zone of the Lamaque Sud gold project,
which are characterized by a higher Cr content. In contrast, the chemical signature of Type
II tourmalines from mafic tholeiitic rocks-hosted deposits are typically characterized by an
enrichment in V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, and Sn, when compared to Type I tourmalines.
These elements are characteristic of mafic-ultramafic rocks, suggesting that these elements
in tourmalines reflect the chemistry of the mafic tholeiitic host rocks. Type III tourmalines
from the Lapa deposit show a similar content of major elements than Type I tourmalines,
however, their content of trace elements is slightly higher for Li, Mn, and Pb. The high
content of Pb in tourmaline may reflect the composition of the host rock, since sedimentary
rocks are commonly enriched in Pb (Condie, 1993).

2.5.2 Discriminating tourmaline composition using principal component analysis

Principal component analysis of EPMA and LA-ICP-MS data discriminates Type I

tourmalines from calc-alkaline rocks-hosted deposits from Type II tourmalines from tholeiitic
rocks-hosted deposits (Figs. 10 & 11). Sigma 2 tourmalines are distinguished from Type II
tourmalines in both the EPMA and LA-ICP-MS PCA by their distinctive Mn, V, Ni, Zn, and
Ga contents. Type III tourmalines from the Lapa and Orenada deposits can not be
discriminated from Type I tourmalines using these PCA. The results show a distinct chemical
signature for types I and II tourmalines, emphasizing that Li, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu,
Zn, Ga, Sr, Sn, and Pb, are discriminant elements for orogenic gold tourmalines. The results
also indicate an enrichment in V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, and Sn in most Type II tourmalines
from mafic tholeiitic rocks-hosted deposits.

Comparison of tourmaline chemistry from the Val-d’Or district with those of various
deposit types by PCA (Figs. 12 & 13) suggests that Val-d’Or tourmalines are characterized
by a unique chemical signature despite the fact that the chemistry of types I, II, and III
tourmalines differs at the scale of the district. Furthermore, tourmalines from the Val-d’Or
district and from various orogenic gold deposits share a similar chemical signature, which
differs from the signature of tourmalines from other deposit types. Griffin et al. (1996)
suggested that tourmalines in VMS and SEDEX deposits are characterized by higher Cu,
Zn or Pb contents when associated with chalcopyrite-, sphalerite-, or galena-rich samples,
respectively. On the same idea, Jiang et al. (2002) demonstrated that tourmalines from the
Big Bell orogenic gold deposit have a higher content of ore metals (Au, Ag, W, Pb, Cu) than
tourmalines from local pegmatites.

Tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits seem to be characterized by a low content

52
of metals (e.g., Sn, Zn, Cu, and Pb) when compared to tourmalines from massive sulfide
deposits. Tourmalines from the Yunlong (Sn), Asarcık (Pb-Zn-Cu±U) and various massive
sulfide deposits (Cu±Zn and Pb-Zn±Cu) are characterized by higher Sn, Zn, Cu, and Pb
contents than orogenic gold tourmalines, which reflects the ore metal in the deposit. It is
likely that these ore metals are either contained within the mineral structure or are present
in inclusions within the tourmaline crystal. Nevertheless, the fact that tourmaline is highly
resistant to weathering means that this conclusion is not invalidated even if the metals are
present as inclusions, rather than within the mineral structure (Jiang et al., 2002).
Tourmalines from massive sulfide deposits form distinct clusters in PC1-PC2 and PC1-PC3
(Figs. 12 & 13) and are discriminated from orogenic gold tourmalines by their higher content
of ore metals.

Tourmalines from the Tsa da Glisza emerald prospect seem to be characterized by

higher contents of Li, Be, Ca, Cr, Mn and Sn when compared to tourmalines from orogenic
gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district. Most Tsa de Glisza tourmalines also show a
Ca/(Ca+Na) ratio above 0.2, whereas the Ca/(Ca+Na) ratio for most Val-d’Or tourmalines is
below 0.2 (Fig. 6E). Since Cr and V are the main elements distinguishing emerald from
common beryl, Galbraith et al. (2009) demonstrated that tourmalines from sample closely
associated with emerald do have high Cr and V contents, however, elevated Cr content also
occur in tourmalines from barren host rock samples. On the same idea, Be is an essential
element of Beryl, therefore, Be content should be higher in tourmalines associated with
emerald mineralization, however it is not the case for Tsa da Glisza tourmalines. Tsa da
Glisza tourmalines show high contents of Cr and V when emerald co-precipitate, which
seems to be contradictory with the logic of a low Fe content in Val-d’Or tourmalines when
Fe-sulfides co-precipitate. The high Cr and Be contents in Tsa da Glisza tourmalines
compared to Val-d’Or tourmalines seem to be influenced by the composition of the host
rocks and fluids and the precipitation of beryl in the system. Tsa da Glisza and Val-d’Or
tourmalines show a similar V content. Tourmalines associated to emerald mineralization
form a distinct cluster in PC1-PC2 and PC1-PC3 (Figs. 13A & C) and are discriminated from
orogenic gold tourmalines by their higher Mn, Ca, Sn, and Cr contents. The Be and Li
contents in Tsa da Gliza tourmalines are higher than those in Val-d’Or tourmalines and they
are excluded on the PCA because the data for these elements were not available for all
deposits.

Tourmalines from the pegmatitic and hydrothermal systems of the Schwarzwald area

53
are characterized by higher contents of Al, Mn, Fe, K, Zn, Sn and by lower Mg, Cu, Sr
contents than those in tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district.
Furthermore, Schwarzwald pegmatitic tourmalines show higher Mn, Fe, and Zn contents but
lower Mg, Ca, and Sr contents when compared to hydrothermal tourmalines of the
Schwarwald area. Pegmatite tourmalines generally show a lower Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio than
hydrothermal tourmalines. Marks et al. (2013) suggested that the content of trace elements
in pegmatitic and hydrothermal tourmalines is controlled by tourmaline-melt and tourmaline-
fluid partitioning. The compositional variations of hydrothermal tourmalines of the
Schwarzwald area and from the Val-d’Or district can not be explained. Tourmalines from the
pegmatitic and hydrothermal systems of the Schwarzwald form two distinct clusters in PC1-
PC2 (Fig. 13A) and both are discriminated from the orogenic gold tourmalines.

2.5.3 Tourmaline in till: application to mineral exploration

Since tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district occur in various
host rocks, PCA models defined by EPMA and LA-ICP-MS data have been used to classify
the provenance of tourmaline grains recovered in till samples by projecting the data on PCA
(Figs. 10B, D & F; Figs. 11B, D & F). Tourmalines have been reported in pegmatite of the
Preissac-La Corne batholith and in the biotite schist of the Kewagama Formation located
north-west of the study area. In the Val-d’Or district, however, tourmalines occur only within
the quartz veins.

The PCA results show that a high proportion of till tourmalines carry the chemical
signature of tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits with a majority showing the chemical
signature of Type I tourmalines hosted in calc-akaline intrusive rocks. Only a few tourmaline
grains plot in the field defined by Type II tourmalines hosted in tholeiitic mafic rocks. Calc-
alkaline rocks-hosted orogenic gold deposits are dominant in the area of the till sample
transect. With the exception of the Paramaque deposit, all other tholeiitic rocks-hosted
orogenic gold deposits (Sigma 2, Brosnor, Siscoe, and Bloc Sud) are located more than 8
km east or west of the glacial sediments samples transect, suggesting that Type II
tourmalines from those deposits were not incorporated into the till along the transect. In
figure 10B, 75% of till tourmalines from sample 14-DG-004 plot in the field defined by Type
II tourmalines. Till sample 14-DG-004 is located 0.75 km down-ice of the Paramaque
deposit, which contains Type II tourmalines. The proportion of tourmalines in a till sample
reflects the dominant host lithology of proximal orogenic gold deposits. Tourmaline grains
recovered in till sample 14-DG-001, located north of the district, carry the chemical signature

54
of orogenic gold deposits suggesting the presence of gold mineralization up-ice. Several
gold showings containing tourmaline, located 5 to 20 km north of the Val-d’Or district, have
been reported in the spatial reference geomining information system (SIGÉOM) containing
the entire Québec geoscientific database.

Till tourmalines from the Val-d’Or district have also been projected on PCA defined
from tourmalines occurring in various rock and deposit types (Figs. 12B & D; Figs. 13B &
D). The PCA results show that the large majority of tourmaline grains recover from till
samples carry the chemical signature of orogenic gold deposits with no tourmaline falling in
the field defined by tourmalines from other rock or deposit types, which suggests that till
tourmalines are unlikely to be derived from other deposit types. The results reveal the
potential of tourmaline chemistry as an exploration tool for orogenic gold deposits and also
demonstrate the ability of PCA to determine the provenance of the grains by classifying
different tourmaline compositions.

2.5.4 Incorporation of rare earth elements in scheelite

Scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district are characterized by a
bell-shaped chondrite-normalized REE patterns with a positive (Sigma) or negative (Beaufor
and Triangle Zone) Eu anomaly (Fig. 13). For comparison, Val-d’Or scheelites show REE
patterns similar to those described at the Archean gold deposit of the Kalgoorlie-Norseman
region of Western Australia (Ghaderi et al., 1999), the Paleoproterozic quartz veins of the
Björkdal gold deposit in northern Sweden (Roberts et al., 2006), the metaturbidite-hosted
quartz veins of the Meguma Terrane gold deposits of Nova Scotia (Dostal et al., 2009), and
the late Archean Hutti orogenic gold deposits (Type I) in southern India (Hazarika et al.,
2016). Poulin (2016) reported similar REE patterns for scheelites from the Sigma deposit.
However, scheelites characterized by flat REE patterns or bell-shaped REE patterns with a
maximum enrichment displaced toward Dy (Ghaderi et al., 1999; Dostal et al., 2009;
Hazarika et al., 2016) where not observed in scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the
Val-d’Or district.

Eu anomalies, positive or negative, may be inherited from the parent hydrothermal

fluids or from changes in the oxidation state (Eu2+ vs. Eu3+) of the dissolved Eu (Roberts et
al., 2006). Eu3+ substitutes for Ca2+ by three coupled substitution mechanisms including: 1)
2Ca2+ = REE3+ + Na+, 2) Ca2+ + W 6+ = REE3+ + Nb5+, 3) 3Ca2+ = 2REE3+ + Ca-site vacancy
(Ghaderi et al., 1999; Brugger et al., 2000b), whereas Eu2+ substitutes for Ca2+, despite the
large ionic radius of Eu2+ (1.25 Å) compared to the [8]-coordinated site of scheelite (1.12 Å;

55
Shannon 1976). Even though Eu3+ is favored over Eu2+, based on its ionic radius, Eu2+ has
a higher compatibility due to charge-balance constraints (Blundy and Wood, 1994).

Scheelites from the Sigma deposit are characterized by a bell-shaped chondrite

normalized REE patterns with a positive Eu anomaly, which is a typical REE pattern for
scheelites from orogenic gold deposits. This REE pattern reflects the signature of
hydrothermal fluids. Scheelites from the intermediate rocks-hosted Beaufor and Triangle
Zone deposits show a bell-shaped chondrite normalized REE patterns with a negative Eu
anomaly. Felsic to intermediate rocks commonly have a negative Eu anomaly resulting from
crystal fractionation of feldspar during magma evolution, which suggests this anomaly
characteristic of Beaufor and Triangle Zone scheelites is inherited from the host rocks. The
negative Eu anomaly may also reflect the composition of the fluid.

Scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district are characterized by
high Na, REE, and Y contents. The positive correlation of REE3+ with Na+ in scheelites from
the Beaufor and Triangle Zone deposits suggests that REE substitution is, in part, governed
by a coupled substitution of the type: 2Ca2+ = REE3+ + Na+ (Ghaderi et al., 1999).
Hydrothermal fluids forming orogenic gold deposits commonly have low salinity (Ridley and
Diamond, 2000). Thus, the high Na content in scheelites probably originates from the
albitized wall rocks formed during sodic metasomatism. Robert and Brown (1984 & 1986b)
and Roussy (2003) reported albitization at the Sigma and Beaufor deposit.

2.5.5 Discriminating scheelite composition using principal component analysis

Principal component analysis of LA-ICP-MS data discriminates scheelites from

orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district by forming three clusters, one for each
sampled location (Sigma, Beaufor, and Triangle Zone; Fig. 16). Scheelites from the Sigma
deposit are distinguished from scheelites from the Beaufor deposit by their higher Mg, S, K,
Mn, and Pb contents and lower V, Cu, Sr, Nb, and Mo contents. Scheelites from the Triangle
Zone show higher contents of K, V, Zn, As, Sr, and Pb and lower contents of Mn and Nb
compared to scheelites from the Sigma and Beaufor deposits. The PCA results show a
specific scheelite chemical signatures for each orogenic gold deposit of the Val-d’Or district,
emphasizing that several elements including Mg, S, K, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Nb, Mo, REE,
and Pb are discriminator elements. The small number of samples from the Val-d’Or district
containing scheelite restricts the interpretation, suggesting a specific scheelite chemical
signature for each deposit.

Principal component analysis (Figs. 17 & 18) is useful to discriminate the chemistry

56
of scheelites from the Val-d’Or district with scheelites present in other orogenic gold
(Hazarika et al., 2016; Sciuba et al., in prep.) and W-Mo skarn deposits (Song et al., 2014).
Comparison of scheelite chemistry from the Val-d’Or district with those of various orogenic
gold deposits by PCA (Fig. 17) suggests that Val-d’Or scheelites are characterized by a
unique chemical signature similar to the chemistry of scheelites from the Dome and Young
Davidson deposits (Sciuba et al., in prep.), which are, respectively, located in the Abitibi
greenstone belt along the Porcupine-Destor Fault Zone and the western segment of the
Larder Lake-Cadillac Fault Zone. Scheelites from deposits hosted in the Abitibi greenstone
belt (Sigma, Beaufor, Triangle Zone, Dome, and Young Davidson) are characterized by high
Na, REE, and Y contents, with the exception of scheelites from the Canadian Malartic
deposits characterized by low Na, REE, and Y contents, but higher Sr, Pb, U, Th, and Mo
contents. The Sigma, Beaufor, Triangle Zone, Dome and Young Davidson are deposits
hosted in mafic to felsic rocks (Robert and Brown, 1986a; Roussy, 2003; Zhang et al., 2014;
Moritz and Crocket, 1990), whereas the Canadian Malartic deposit is hosted in clastic
sedimentary rocks and subalkaline porphyritic quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite (De
Souza et al., 2015). The higher concentration of Na, REE, and Y in scheelites from deposits
hosted in felsic to mafic rocks may be caused by the higher abundance of albite in the host
rocks (Robert and Brown, 1984, 1986b; Roussy, 2003). The high concentration of Sr, Pb,
U, and Th in scheelites from the Canadian Malartic may reflect the composition of the host
rock, since sedimentary rocks are commonly enriched in these elements (Condie, 1993).
Sigma, Beaufor, Triangle Zone, Dome, and Young Davidson scheelites form a distinct
cluster in PC1-PC2 and PC1-PC3 (Figs. 17A & C) and are discriminated from other orogenic
gold deposits by their higher Na, REE, and Y contents.

Scheelites from the Val-d’Or district have high concentrations of MREE and HREE
(Fig. 18) and can be distinguished from scheelites occurring in W-Mo skarn deposits and
various gold deposits such as the Crusader, Kockar, Kumtor, Canadian Malartic, and
Nevoria. Scheelites from the Val-d’Or district plot in the cluster defined by scheelites from
various orogenic gold deposits in PC1-PC2, PC1-PC3, and PC2-PC3 (Fig. 18).

2.5.6 Scheelite in till: application to mineral exploration

PCA models defined by LA-ICP-MS data have been used to classify the provenance
of scheelite grains recovered in till samples by projecting the data on PCA (Figs. 16B & D).
In the Val-d’or district, scheelites occur only within the quartz veins and have not been
reported in other lithologies. The PCA results show that till scheelites carry the chemical

57
signature of scheelites from the Beaufor and Triangle Zone of the Lamaque Sud gold project.
No till scheelite composition plots in the field defined by Sigma scheelites. The Beaufor
deposit is located less than 1 km north of sample 14-DG-002 and 18 km northeast of sample
14-DG-003. Both till samples containing scheelite grains are located down-ice of the Beaufor
deposit. The Sigma deposit and the Triangle Zone are located 14 km west of the till sampling
transect, which suggests that scheelites recovered in the till samples should not carry the
chemical signature of scheelites from those deposits. However, one of the scheelite grain
from sample 14-DG-002 show a similar chemical signature than scheelites from the Triangle
Zone (Fig. 16A), suggesting a Triangle Zone-like deposit up-ice of sample 14-DG-002. This
interpretation must be taken with caution since it is based on a single scheelite grain.

Till scheelites from the Val-d’Or district have been projected on PCA defined from
scheelites from various deposit types such as orogenic gold, other gold mineralization, and
W-Mo skarn (Figs. 17B, D & F; Figs. 18B, D & F). The PCA results show that the till
scheelites carry the chemical signature of orogenic gold deposits, with no scheelite
characterized by the signature of scheelites from other deposit types. In figure 17, two
scheelite grains from till samples 14-DG-002 and 14-DG-003 show a chemical signature
similar to scheelites from the Beaufor deposit, located up-ice. The other scheelite grain from
sample 14-DG-002 is characterized by a chemical signature similar to scheelites from the
Canadian Malartic deposit, which is located 40 km west of the till sampling transect. The
presence of one scheelite grain characterized by the signature of scheelites from the
Canadian Malartic deposit in till sample 14-DG-002 suggests a Canadian Malartic-like
deposit up-ice of till sample 14-DG-002. Once again, this interpretation must be taken with
caution since it is based on a single scheelite grain.

In figure 18, scheelite grains from till sample 14-DG-002 carry the chemical signature
of scheelites from orogenic gold deposits and more specifically the signature of scheelites
from the Beaufor deposit, located less than 1 km up-ice. Scheelites from till sample 14-DG-
003 also carry the chemical signature of scheelites from orogenic gold deposits. The PCA
in figure 18 uses a limited number of elements (REE, Sr, Y, Mo, and Ba) and does not
consider the whole composition of scheelites. The results reveal the potential of scheelite
chemistry as a potential exploration tools for orogenic gold deposits and also demonstrate
the ability of PCA to determine the provenance of the grains by classifying different scheelite
compositions. The low number of scheelite grains recovered in the till samples restricts the
interpretation.

58
2.5.7 Magnetite in till: application to mineral exploration

Hydrothermal magnetites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district are
characterized by higher concentrations of Cr, Zn, Mn, K, Ca, Ti, and Al when compared to
magmatic magnetites from the intrusive host rocks. No magnetite is characterized by the
signature of Ni-Cu-PGE, with the exception of magnetites from the Louvicourt deposit (Fig.
19A). Hydrothermal magnetites show a higher Ca+Al+Mn content than magmatic
magnetites, with the exception of two magnetite grains from the Louvicourt deposit (Fig.
19C). Magnetites are rare in orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district and occur as
finely disseminated grains (<0.05 mm), which suggests that most magnetites recovered in
glacial sediments (ferromagnetic fraction 0.5 to 2.0 mm) probably did not originate from the
Au-bearing quartz veins. Magnetites are also a common mineral in various lithologies in the
district including intrusive, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks. Magnetites recovered in glacial
sediments show the chemical signature of both hydrothermal and magmatic magnetites with
almost no magnetite showing the signature of Ni-Cu-PGE deposits. The presence of
magnetite grains showing the chemical signature of Ni-Cu-PGE deposits in till suggest the
presence of this deposit type up-ice. Several till magnetites from sample 14-DG-002 show
the signature of magmatic magnetites (Fig. 19B), suggesting that they originate from the
Bourlamaque Batholith located less than 1 km up-ice of the till sample. The provenance of
magnetites recovered in glacial sediments was not clearly identified in this study. The use
of magnetites as an exploration tool for orogenic gold deposits is not conclusive for the Val-
d’Or district.

2.6 Conclusions
Tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district show a dravite-schorl
composition and are typically characterized by concentric zoning, where the core (blue) has
higher Si, Al, and Mg contents and lower Fe, Ca, Ti, K, V, Sr, Pb, and REE contents than
the rim (brown). Rare earth elements display two patterns: 1) flat pattern showing an
enrichment in HREE with a positive Eu anomaly, which is typically characteristic of the core,
and 2) flat pattern showing a slight enrichment of LREE with a positive Eu anomaly, which
is generally characteristic of the rim. The Fe content in tourmalines is mainly controlled by
the co-precipitation of Fe-sulfides, whereas the content of trace elements reflects the
composition of the host rock. Principal component analysis shows that Type I and III
tourmalines are distinguished from Type II tourmalines and that tourmalines from orogenic
gold deposits are discriminated from tourmalines occurring in other deposit types. Most till

59
tourmalines from the Val-d’Or district are characterized by the signature of orogenic gold
deposits and by the signature of Type I tourmalines from calc-alkaline intermediate to felsic
rocks-hosted orogenic gold deposits, which is the dominant host rocks for orogenic gold
deposits in the till sampling area. The chemistry of tourmaline has the potential to be an
important exploration tool for orogenic gold deposits, however, the technique should be
further developed to trace back an up-ice orogenic gold mineralization from tourmaline
grains recovered in glacial sediments since tourmaline occurs in various rock and deposit
types.

Scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district are generally
homogeneous in cathodoluminescence response and show no zonation. Rare earth
elements display a bell-shaped pattern with a positive or negative Eu anomaly reflecting the
composition of the hydrothermal fluid or host rock. At the scale of the district, scheelites from
the Sigma, Beaufor, and Triangle Zone deposits show distinct chemical signatures.
However, scheelites from the Val-d’Or deposit carry the chemical signature of orogenic gold
deposits hosted in felsic to intermediate rocks, and show a chemistry similar to scheelites
from the Dome and Young Davidson deposits located within the Abitibi greenstone belt. The
content of trace elements in scheelites from felsic to intermediate rocks-hosted deposits
varies significantly compared to scheelites from sediment-hosted orogenic gold deposits and
skarn deposits. Till scheelites from the Val-d’Or district are characterized by the signature
of felsic to intermediate rocks-hosted orogenic gold deposits and more specifically by the
signature of scheelites from the Beaufor and Triangle Zone deposits. The chemistry of
scheelite has the potential to be an important exploration tool for orogenic gold deposits,
however, the technique should be further developed to trace back an up-ice orogenic gold
mineralization from scheelite grains recovered in glacial sediments since scheelite occurs in
various rock and deposit types.

Magnetites are rare in orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district and occur as
finely disseminated grains. Furthermore, magnetite is a common mineral in various
lithologies in the district including intrusive, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks. Since
magnetites are found in various lithologies, and the study was concentrated on the chemistry
of indicator minerals present within the quartz veins, the provenance of magnetites
recovered in glacial sediments could not be clearly identified. In till, magnetite is the
dominant mineral in the ferromagnetic fraction 0.5 to 0.2 mm. The large size of magnetite
grains in glacial sediments suggests that this mineral phase probably does not originate from

60
the Au-bearing quartz veins since magnetites from veins are smaller (<0.05 mm). The
magnetite chemistry is unlikely to be useful as an exploration tool for the orogenic gold
deposits of the Val-d’Or district. The use of magnetite chemistry as an exploration tools
requires more developpement in order to draw significant conclusions.

61
62
Chapter 3 - Conclusions

The objective of this research project was to define the chemical signature of
indicator minerals in orogenic gold deposits from the Val-d’Or district and compare it with
the chemistry of indicators minerals recovered in nearby glacial sediments to determine their
provenance. In this study, tourmalines, scheelites, and magnetites were recovered from the
Au-bearing quartz veins and glacial sediments. Till tourmalines and scheelites carry the
signature of orogenic gold deposits, which suggest that the chemistry of those minerals may
be used as an exploration tool for orogenic gold deposits. However, the chemistry of
magnetites is unlikely to be useful as an exploration tool for orogenic gold deposits. The
major achievements of this research are:

1) Tourmalines are a common mineral in orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district
and they occur as black needles forming aggregates or isolated crystals within the
quartz veins. They belong to the alkali primary group and show a dravite-schorl
composition. Concentric zoning is common in tourmalines from the Val-d’Or district.
Tourmalines show more rarely complex sector zoning, irregular patchy zoning, and
oscillatory zoning. The core of tourmalines is characterized by a blue color and show
high contents of Si, Al, Mg, and X-site vacancy. The rim of tourmalines is
characterized by a light to dark brown color and show high Fe, Ca, Ti, K, V, Sr, Pb,
and REE contents. Type I tourmalines from deposits hosted in calc-alkaline intrusive
rocks of felsic to intermediate composition (e.g. Sigma-Lamaque, Beaufor, Goldex),
Type II tourmalines from the Siscoe and Brosnor deposits, and Type III tourmalines
from the Lapa and Orenanda deposits hosted at the contact between mafic to
ultrmafic volcanic and metasedimentary rocks are characterized by a dravitic
composition. Type II tourmalines from the Sigma 2, Bloc Sud, and Paramaque
deposits hosted in tholeiitic gabbroic sills show a schorlitic composition. Type II
tourmalines from mafic tholeiitic rocks-hosted deposits generally show an
enrichment of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, and Sn over Type I tourmalines. These trace
elements are characteristic of mafic-ultramafic rocks. Type III tourmalines from the
Lapa deposit show higher contents of Li, Mn, and Pb than type I and II tourmalines.
Since the Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio for most tourmalines is inversely proportional to the
composition of the host rock, co-precipitation of Fe-sulfides controlled the enrichment
or depletion of Fe in tourmaline. Mg is entirely partitioned in tourmaline. The trace
element content in tourmalines generally reflects the composition of the host rock.

63
 The REE content in tourmalines are low and tourmalines display two REE patterns:
1) flat pattern showing an enrichment in HREE with a positive Eu anomaly, which is
typically characteristic of the core, and 2) flat pattern showing a slight enrichment of
LREE with a positive Eu anomaly, which is generally characteristic of the rim. Most
till tourmalines from the Val-d’Or district carry the signature of orogenic gold deposits
and the signature of Type I tourmalines from calc-alkaline rocks-hosted deposits.
The chemistry of tourmaline grains recovered in a glacial sediment samples reflects
the signature of proximal orogenic gold deposits. The chemistry of tourmaline has
the potential to be an important exploration tool for orogenic gold deposits, however,
the technique should be further developed since tourmaline occurs in various rock
and deposit types.

2) Scheelites are an accessory mineral in orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district
and it form aggregates of millimetric to centimetric euhedral to anhedral crystals
characterized by a beige-white color. Scheelites from the Beaufor, Sigma, and
Triangle Zone deposits are characterized by similar Ca and W contents with a low
Mo and high Na, REE, and Y contents. Scheelites generally have a homogeneous
cathodoluminescence response and show no zonation. Scheelites from the Sigma
deposit are characterized by a bell-shaped REE pattern with a positive Eu anomaly,
which reflects the signature of the hydrothermal fluid, whereas scheelites from the
Beaufor and Triangle Zone deposits are characterized by a bell-shaped REE pattern
with a negative Eu anomaly, which reflects the composition of the intermediate
intrusive host rocks or fluids. The high Na content in scheelites from the Val-d’Or
district, probably originates from the albitized wall rocks form during sodic
metasomatism. Till scheelites from the Val-d’Or district carry the chemical signature
of orogenic gold deposits hosted in felsic to intermediate rocks and more precisely
the chemical signature of Beaufor and Triangle Zone scheelites. The chemistry of
scheelite has the potential to be an important exploration tool for orogenic gold
deposits, however, the technique should be further developed since scheelite occurs
in various rock and deposit types.

3) Magnetites are rare in orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district and they occur
as finely disseminated euhedral to anhedral grains (up to 0.05 mm) in inclusion within
pyrite or near pyrite within quartz veins. Magnetites are a common mineral in other
lithologies such as intrusive, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks in the Val-d’Or district.

64
 In the intrusive host rocks of the Beaufor and Bloc Sud deposits, magnetites occur
as large euhdral crystals (up to 0.5 mm). Hydrothermal magnetites are typically
characterized by higher Cr, Zn, Mn, K, Ca, Ti, and Al contents than magmatic
magnetites found in intrusive host rocks. Magnetites does not show the composition
of Ni-Cu-PGE magnetite, with the exception of two grains from the Louvicourt
deposit. Since magnetites in till originate from multiple sources and this study was
concentrated on the chemistry of indicator minerals present within the quartz veins,
the provenance of magnetites recovered in glacial sediments can not be clearly
identified. Magnetites are the dominant mineral in the till ferromagnetic fraction 0.5
to 2.0 mm. Since till magnetites are generally coarser than those from Au-bearing
quartz veins, the magnetites recovered from glacial sediments probably do not
originate from veins. For those reasons, the use of magnetite chemistry as an
exploration tool for orogenic gold deposits is not conclusive for the Val-d’Or district.

4) The PCA is a useful method to classify EPMA and LA-ICP-MS data of tourmalines
and scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district and from various
deposit types. The PCA was useful to discriminate Type I and III tourmalines from
Type II tourmalines at the scale of the Val-d’Or district and tourmalines from orogenic
gold deposits from tourmalines found in various deposit types. The PCA
demonstrates that scheelites from the Sigma, Beaufor, and Triangle deposits show
a distinct chemical signature at the scale of the Val-d’Or district, but carry a chemical
signature similar to scheelites from other felsic to mafic rocks-hosted orogenic gold
deposits such as the Dome and Young Davidson deposits. Scheelites from orogenic
gold deposits hosted in felsic to mafic rocks are distinguished from orogernic gold
sedimentary-hosted and skarn deposits on PCA. This research suggests that
tourmalines and scheelites from the same origin and host rocks share a similar
chemistry, which allows clustering on PCA. The PCA is also useful to determine the
provenance of till tourmalines and scheelites by projecting their composition in PCA
models defined by Val-d’Or vein minerals. The result shows that till tourmalines and
scheelites from the Val-d’Or district carry the signature of orogenic gold deposits,
which demonstrates the potential of tourmaline and scheelite chemistry as a useful
exploration tool for orogenic gold deposits. However, the technique should be further
developed since tourmaline and scheelite occur in various rock and deposit types.

65
66
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Yavuz, F., Jiang, S., Karakaya, N., Karakaya, M. C., and Yavuz, R., 2011, Trace-element, rare-earth element
and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline from a vein-type Pb-Zn-Cu + or - U deposit, NE Turkey:
International Geology Review, v. 53, no. 1-2, p. 1-24.
Zhang, J., Linnen, R., Lin, S., Davis, D., and Martin, R., 2014, Paleoproterozoic hydrothermal reactivation in a
Neoarchean orogenic lode gold deposit of the southern Abitibi Subprovince: U-Pb monazite
geochronological evidence from the Young-Davidson Mine, Ontario: Precambrian Research, v. 249, p.
263-272.

74
Appendices
Appendix I: A summary of relevant geological information for deposits used in this study
Number (Fig. 1) Deposit Location Age of mineralization Mineralization Host rocks Metamorphic grade Indicator minerals References
Grauwackes, pelitic schists and polymictic
1) Finely disseminated auriferous Apy-Po±Py in
conglomerates (Cadillac Group) and tholeiitic
Rivière-Héva, altered wall rocks and 2) native gold ± Sb- Upper greenschist to Simard (2011) &
1 Lapa ≤ 2684 Ma basalts, porphyritic andesites, calc-alkaline Tur
Québec bearing minerals in folded Qz±Dol-Cal veinlets lower amphibolite Simard et al. (2013)
tuffs, and komatiites crosscut by felsic to mafic
and in altered wall rocks
dikes and sills (Piché Group)
Multistage Cb-Qz-Ab-Py stringer, stockwork,
Albite dike swarm (dioritic) and tholeiitic Perrault (1987) &
2 Kiena Val-d’Or, Québec ≥ 2686 Ma breccia, and replacement vein system confined Greenschist Tur
basalts/komatiites (Jacola Formation) Morasse et al. (1995)
within the albite swarm
Early Qz-Cb veins (e.g. Maine ore zone, K Trudel (1985b), Olivo
zone) occuring in folded extensional veins and Gabbroic sill (Siscoe stock) hosted in tholeiitic and Williams-Jones
3 Siscoe Val-d’Or, Québec ≥ 2686 Ma & ≤ 2684 Ma Greenschist Tur
late Qz-Tur-Cb veins (e.g. C vein) occurring in basalts/komatities (Dubuisson Formation) (2002) & Olivo et al.
a shear zone (2007)
4 Goldex Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Qz-Tur-Cb veins occurring as a stockwork Quartz diorite (Goldex Granodiorite) Greenschist Tur, Mag SIGÉOM**
Qz-Cb veins and Qz-Tur subhorizontal veins Multiphase intrusive complexe hosted in
5 Vein No. 5 Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Greenschist Hem Barbe (2011)
occurring in a shear zone tholeiitic basalts/komatiites (Jacola Formation)
Qz-Tur-Cb subvertical veins and extension Diorite hosted in intermediate to felsic flows
Robert et Brown
6 Sigma Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma subhorizontal veins occurring in a ductil shear intercalated with intermediated volcaniclastic Greenschist Tur, Sch, Mag
(1986a, b)
zone rocks (Val-d'Or Formation)
Qz-Tur-Cb subvertical veins and extension Diorite hosted in intermediate to felsic flows
7 Lamaque Sud Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma subhorizontal veins occurring in a ductil shear intercalated with intermediated volcaniclastic Greenschist Tur, Sch SIGÉOM**
zone rocks (Val-d'Or Formation)
Diorite hosted in intermediate to felsic flows
Qz-Tur-Cb subvertical veins and extension
8 Audet Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma intercalated with intermediated volcaniclastic Greenschist Tur SIGÉOM**
subhorizontal veins occurring in a shear zone
rocks (Val-d'Or Formation)
9 Nord-Ouest* Val-d’Or, Québec - - - - Tur Pitre (2000)
Grauwackes, siltstones, minor mudstones, Desrochers and
sandstones, and conglomerate lens Robert (2000),
Upper greenschist to
10 Orenada Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Qz-Tur-Apy veins sandwiched between the low strain-volcanic Tur Neumayr et al. (2000)
lower amphibolite
rocks of the Héva formation and the Cadillac & Neumayr et al.
Group (2007)
Qz-Tur-Cb subvertical fault-fill veins associated Rezeau (2012) &
11 Lac Herbin Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Quartz diorite (Bourlamaque Batholith) Greenschist Tur, Hem
with extensional veins occurring in a shear zone Rezeau et al. (2016)
Diorite/gabrro sill (Annamaque) hosted in mafic Neumayr et al. (2000)
12 Paramaque Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Qz-Tur-Cb veins occuring as a stockwork to felsic volcaniclastic and volcanics rocks Greenschist Tur & Neumayr et al.
(Héva formation) (2007)
13 Canmet (nord)* Val-d’Or, Québec - - - - Tur Pitre (2000)
14 Snowbank Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Qz-Tur-Cb veins occurring in a shear zone Quartz diorite (Bourlamaque Batholith) Greenschist Tur SIGÉOM**
15 O’connell Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Qz-Tur-Cb veins occurring in a shear zone Quartz diorite (Pluton de Connell) Greenschist Tur SIGÉOM**
Qz-Tur-Cb subvertical fault-fill veins associated Trudel (1985a) &
16 Beaufor Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Quartz diorite (Bourlamaque Batholith) Greenschist Tur, Sch, Mag
with extensional veins occurring in a shear zone Roussy (2003)
Microdiorite dikes and mafic flows intercalated
Qz-Tur-Cb subvertical fault-fill veins associated Gaumond (1986) &
17 Lucien Béliveau/New Béliveau Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma with intermediated volcaniclastic rocks Greenschist Tur
with extensional veins occurring in a shear zone Lacroix (1986)
(Dubuisson formation)
Gabbroic sill and tholeiitic bsalts/komatiites
18 Brosnor Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Qz-Tur-Cb subvertical veins Greenschist Tur Gaudreau et al. (1988)
(Jacola Formation)
19 Buffadison Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Qz-Tur-Cb veins occurring in a shear zone Tonalite/diorite intrusion (Pluton de Bevcon) Greenschist Tur SIGÉOM**
Gabbroic sill (Vicour) at the contact between
Qz-Tur-Cb subhorizontal veins occurring in a Hebert et al. (1988) &
20 Sigma 2 Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma volcanic rocks from the Val-d'Or and Héva Amphibolite Tur
shear zone Hebert et al. (1991)
formations
Gabbroic sill (Vicour) at the contact between
21 Bloc Sud Val-d’Or, Québec ≤ 2684 Ma Qz-Tur-Cb veins occurring in a shear zone volcanic rocks from the Val-d'Or and Héva Amphibolite ? Tur, Mag SIGÉOM**
formations
22 Lac Simon* Val-d’Or, Québec - - - - Tur Pitre (2000)
* Deposit information not available in the literature. Sample from Pitre (2000).
** Spatial reference geomining information system (SIGÉOM) containing the entire Québec geoscientific database

75
Appendix II: List of samples and thin sections from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
96-DP-69 Akasaba (nord) 309050 5324550 - - - NA Qz-Tur
96-DP-70 Akasaba (nord) 309050 5324550 - - - NA Qz-Tur X
96-DP-92 Akasaba (nord-est) 309200 5324700 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Py
96-DP-94 Akasaba (nord-est) 309200 5324700 - - - NA Qz
96-DP-68 Akasaba (ouest) 308850 5324200 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Cb
14-DG-013 Akasaba (sud) 309001 5324874 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb X
96-DP-46 Audet 297100 5331100 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Cb
96-DP-47 Audet 297100 5331100 - - - Extension Qz-Tur
96-DP-49 Audet 297100 5331100 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb X
96-DP-51 Audet 297100 5330950 - - - Cisaillement Qz
96-DP-52 Audet 297100 5330950 - - - NA Qz-Tur
96-DP-129 Aumaque 297650 5329650 - - - NA Qz-Cb
96-DP-149 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Py
96-DP-151 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-154 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-157 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-158 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz
96-DP-159 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Py
96-DP-160B Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - NA Tur-Py
96-DP-161 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-162 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Sch-Py X X X
96-DP-163 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-164 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py
96-DP-165 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-167 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Brèche Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-168 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Cisaillement Qz
96-DP-169 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Py
96-DP-170 Beaufor 309977 5336978 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B580-02 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
B580-03 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B580-04 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B580-07 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
B580-08 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy X
B580-09 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Py-Cpy
B580-10 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy
B580-11 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Sch-Py
B580-12 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
B580-15 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Sch-Py X X X
B580-16 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
B580-17 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur X
B590-03 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
B590-04 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B590-11 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
B590-12 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb X
B590-13 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py
B590-17 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
B637-01 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B637-02 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B637-03 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B637-04 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
B637-13 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
B650-01 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
B650-02 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
B650-04 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B650-05 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B650-11 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B650-16 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
B650-17 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B92-34-04 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb

76
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
B92-34-05A Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
B92-34-05C Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
B92-34-06 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
B92-34-07 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B92-34-08 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
B92-34-09 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B92-34-10 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B637-01 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
B637-02 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py X
B637-03 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
B637-04 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy X
B637-05 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B637-07 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy X
B637-15 Beaufor (zone B) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py
C20-01 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Rock sample not available X X X
C20-06 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
C20-09 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
C20-12 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py x
C20-17 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
C20-18 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
C20-30 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Fuchsite
C20-31 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
C20-32 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C20-33 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
C20-35 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C20-36 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Tur-Py
C20-37 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C20-38 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-cb X
C20-42 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Tur-Py X
C20-44 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
C20-45 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Fuchsite
C20-49 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Tur
C481-0 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-05 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-09 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
C481-10 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy-Fuchsite
C481-11 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-tur-Py-Cpy
C481-12 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-13 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-2 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C481-20 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-21A Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C481-21B Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C481-25 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Fuchsite
C481-26 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy X
C481-27 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-28 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
C481-29 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tu-Cb
C481-31 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-32 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C481-33 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Fuchsite X
C481-34 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy-Fuchsite
C481-36 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Cb
C481-37 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C481-38 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C481-39 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-40 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-41 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py
C481-42 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
C481-43 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C481-45 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Fuchsite
C481-46 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
C481-47 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Fuchsite

77
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
C481-48 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-49 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
C481-50 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C481-52 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-53 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb X
C481-54 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
C481-55 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-56 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
C481-57 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
F17-04 Beaufor (zone F) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
F17-05 Beaufor (zone F) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Cb
F20-01 Beaufor (zone F) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
F20-02 Beaufor (zone F) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
F20-03 Beaufor (zone F) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
F20-08 Beaufor (zone F) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
F20-10 Beaufor (zone F) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G15-01 Beaufor (zone G) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G15-02 Beaufor (zone G) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb X
G15-03 Beaufor (zone G) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py X
G15-04 Beaufor (zone G) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py X
G15-05 Beaufor (zone G) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py X
G15-07 Beaufor (zone G) 309977 5336978 - - - NA Qz-Py-Cpy
96-DP-38 Belmoral 304450 5334750 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Cb
96-DP-118 Bloc Sud 321100 5325250 - - - Breccia Qz-Tur-Py
96-DP-120 Bloc Sud 321100 5325250 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Py X X X
96-DP-71 Brosnor 321400 5331350 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-72 Brosnor 321400 5331350 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X X X
96-DP-66 Buffadison 319000 5329400 - - - NA Qz-Cb
96-DP-113 Bufadisson (carothèque) 319250 5329500 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
96-DP-114 Bufadisson (carothèque) 319250 5329500 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X X X
96-DP-64 Buffadison (sud) 318500 5329200 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur
96-DP-183 Callahan 279850 5336600 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Cb-Py
96-DP-184 Callahan 279850 5336600 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-188 Canmet 309050 5330200 - - - NA Qz-Cb
96-DP-190 Canmet 309050 5330200 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-192 Canmet 309050 5330200 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-193 Canmet 309050 5330200 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-194 Canmet 309050 5330200 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-195 Canmet 309050 5330200 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-196 Canmet 309050 5330200 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-198 Canmet 309050 5330200 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-208 Canmet (nord) 308750 5331100 - - - NA Qz-Tur X X
96-DP-210 Canmet (nord) 308750 5331100 - - - NA Qz-Tur
96-DP-211 Canmet (nord) 308750 5331100 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy
96-DP-212 Canmet (nord) 308750 5331100 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy
96-DP-213 Canmet (nord) 308750 5331100 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py
96-DP-138 Canmet (sud) 309550 5329500 - - - NA Qz-Tur
96-DP-29 Chemin vers Obaska 314850 5335450 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur
96-DP-17A Colombière 308400 5328950 - - - NA Qz-Cb
96-DP-36 Courvan 310800 5333950 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-35 Courvan 310800 5333950 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-83 Découverte 294500 5331650 - - - NA Qz-Tur X
96-DP-84 Découverte 294500 5331650 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-87 Découverte 294200 5331650 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-88 Découverte 294200 5331650 - - - Extension Qz-Tur
96-DP-09 Dumont 300600 5333750 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Py X
96-DP-10 Dumont 300600 5333750 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Py X
96-DP-121 Dunraine 310700 5328200 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-122 Dunraine 310700 5328200 - - - Breccia Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-123 Dunraine 310700 5328200 - - - NA Qz-Tur
96-DP-176 Goldex 286000 5330350 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
96-DP-178 Goldex 286000 5330350 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb X X
96-DP-179 Goldex 286000 5330350 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py

78
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
CAGOD-109819-1 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-024B 808.40 808.65 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-109819-2 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-024B 809.60 809.90 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-109821-1 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-024B 811.40 811.70 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-109821-2 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-024B 812.70 812.90 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-109822 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-024B 814.25 814.50 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X X X
CAGOD-109825 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-024B 816.10 816.35 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-109827 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-024B 820.00 820.20 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
CAGOD-109831 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-024B 824.90 825.20 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
CAGOD-109832 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-024B 826.60 827.00 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-116721 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-025 639.40 639.60 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-116722 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-025 640.80 641.05 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-116723 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-025 642.15 642.40 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
CAGOD-116726-1 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-025 646.80 647.05 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-116726-2 Goldex (zone D) 286117 5330582 76-025 648.60 648.80 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
CAGOD-123582 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 84-104 63.60 63.85 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Py
CAGOD-123585 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 84-104 72.90 73.20 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-123588 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 84-104 75.60 76.00 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au X
CAGOD-123590 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 84-104 79.10 79.40 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
CAGOD-123591 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 84-104 80.50 80.80 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Py
CAGOD-123601 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 84-104 93.70 94.00 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-123602 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 84-104 95.75 95.90 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-123607 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 84-104 102.40 102.80 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-123608 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 84-104 103.40 103.80 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-163185-1 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 10.50 10.85 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au X X X
CAGOD-163185-2 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 11.00 11.35 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-163185-3 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 11.55 11.85 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au X
CAGOD-163188 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 15.65 15.95 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-163191 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 20.70 21.00 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Py-Au
CAGOD-163193-1 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 21.00 21.30 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-163193-2 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 21.55 21.85 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-163194 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 23.05 23.25 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Py X
CAGOD-163196 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 25.50 25.75 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-163197 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 27.80 27.90 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
CAGOD-163199 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 30.60 31.00 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-163203 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 35.40 35.80 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
CAGOD-163208 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 76-035 41.40 41.70 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-205491 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 85-012 68.10 68.50 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
CAGOD-205492-2 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 85-012 69.50 69.80 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-205494-1 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 85-012 70.85 71.15 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-205494-2 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 85-012 71.25 71.45 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-00022-0 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-324 28.00 28.20 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
G-00022-1 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-324 28.50 28.70 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au X
G-00022-2 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-324 28.85 29.15 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
G-00025 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-324 31.95 32.25 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-00026 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-324 34.10 34.35 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-00030 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-324 40.20 40.70 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-00034 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-324 45.30 45.75 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
G-00035 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-324 46.70 47.20 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-00037 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-324 49.80 50.10 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-18189 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-384 318.20 318.50 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-18190 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-384 320.00 320.40 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-18191 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-384 322.10 322.40 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-18192 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-384 322.80 323.10 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-18194 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-384 326.20 326.50 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-18196 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-384 329.25 329.60 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-18202 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-384 337.85 338.20 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
G-18203 Goldex (zone GEZ) 286117 5330582 73-384 339.35 339.65 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-137788 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 258.60 258.80 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-137791 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 262.85 263.05 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-137793-1 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 265.95 266.15 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Py
CAGOD-137793-2 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 266.60 266.90 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
CAGOD-137798 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 272.40 272.60 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-137804 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 281.80 282.00 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Py-Au

79
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
CAGOD-137806-1 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 283.90 284.20 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au X
CAGOD-137806-2 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 284.75 285.00 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
CAGOD-137808 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 285.90 286.30 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-137809 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 287.00 287.25 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au X
CAGOD-137812 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 291.85 292.05 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
CAGOD-137813 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 292.50 292.75 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-137817-1 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 298.80 299.20 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
CAGOD-137817-2 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD12-036 299.75 300.00 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-47638 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD-014 271.00 271.70 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au X
G-47639 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD-014 272.20 272.45 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-47641 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD-014 275.60 275.85 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
G-47644 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 GD-014 279.80 280.00 Stockwork Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X X X
96-DP-147 Green-Stabell (nord) 290000 5332400 - - - Cisaillement Qz
96-DP-33 Higway (Pascalis) 311900 5335650 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Cb-Py-Cpy
96-DP-34 Higway (Pascalis) 311900 5335650 - - - Breccia Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
14-DG-011 Higway (Pascalis) 312008 5335860 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-98 Jouby 287350 5329450 - - - NA Qz-Py
96-DP-99 Jouby 287350 5329450 - - - NA Qz-Tur
96-DP-106 Jouby 287350 5329450 - - - NA Qz-Py
96-DP-104 Jouby 287350 5329450 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Py
96-DP-221 Kiena 282880 5333560 - - - Breccia Qz-Tur-Py X X X
AM 39908 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39911 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39912 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-81 58.60 58.70 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39913 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-81 59.30 59.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39916 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39919 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 2102-65 82.79 82.91 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39922 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 2102-65 409.00 409.05 NA Qz-Cb
AM 39924 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39925 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39927 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH07-009 50.20 50.60 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39929 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-322 21.42 21.56 NA Qz-Tur
AM 39930 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-322 61.20 61.25 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39931 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-322 94.85 95.10 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39932 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-322 385.18 385.36 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39936 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH03-096 143.73 143.87 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39938 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH01-120 67.87 68.06 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39940 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-010 49.16 49.43 NA Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy
AM 39941 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-010 68.00 68.63 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39942 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-010 65.20 65.45 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39943 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-010 85.10 85.75 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39944 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 2102-55 181.50 182.70 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39945 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 2102-55 58.52 58.73 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39946 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 2102-55 624.50 625.00 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39947 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 2102-55 1274.04 ft 12750.10 ft NA Qz-Cb
AM 39948 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 2102-55 1591.00 1591.10 Cisaillement Qz-Cb-Tur-Cpy
AM 39949 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-21 43.95 44.10 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39950 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-21 208.31 208.41 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39951 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-21 233.30 233.56 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39954 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH07-023 60.37 60.46 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39955 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 2117111.00 210.6 ft 210.9 ft NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39957 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 2102-77 287.20 287.40 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39958 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 2102-77 110.98 11.19 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39961 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH03-231 5.25 5.58 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39962 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH03-231 31.55 31.60 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39963 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH03-231 54.00 54.30 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39965 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH01-013 33.35 33.45 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39966 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH01-013 36.14 36.16 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39967 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH013-013 36.70 36.80 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39969 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-7 194.90 195.10 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39970 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-7 224.00 224.15 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Cpy
AM 39972 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH01-167 287.38 287.45 NA Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy
AM 39973 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH01-167 289.07 289.23 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py

80
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
AM 39974 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-33 78.50 78.62 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39975 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR- 94.41 94.78 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39976 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-33 109.10 109.27 NA Qz-Tur
AM 39977 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-33 109.94 110.13 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39978 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-34 249.90 250.07 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39979 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-53 67.26 67.36 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39980 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39981 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-53 77.30 77.43 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39982 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-53 132.00 132.16 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39983 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-53 172.53 172.70 NA Qz-Tur-Py
AM 39985 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR 38 270.82 270.97 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39986 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 ANAR-78 274.92 275.15 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39988 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-118 121.66 121.74 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39989 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-018 146.16 146.33 NA Qz-Tur
AM 39990 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-018 149.38 149.62 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39992 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-277 246.44 246.62 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy-Au
AM 39994 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-330 56.64 56.76 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39996 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-125 45.22 45.46 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39997 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-125 47.33 48.53 NA Qz-Cb-Py
AM 39998 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-126 2.70 2.76 NA Qz-Tur
AM 39999 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-126 10.20 10.60 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 58905 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-334 118.22 118.40 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 58907 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-354 128.40 128.55 NA Qz-Tur
AM 58909 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-322 21.42 21.56 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 58912 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-277 82.10 82.26 NA Qz-Cb-Po
AM 58913 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-277 86.47 86.62 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Po
AM 58917 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-194 207.93 208.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Po
AM 58918 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-194 210.15 210.60 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 58919 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-194 224.95 225.06 NA Qz-Tur
AM 58921 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-194 251.58 251.62 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 58922 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-194 387.67 387.82 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 58923 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH03-014 39.95 40.14 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 58926 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Cb
AM 58927 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Cb
AM 58928 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 58929 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 58930 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Tur
AM 58933 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-290 407.37 407.60 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Au
AM 58934 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-290 404.36 404.38 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 58935 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH02-290 507.00 507.15 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Po-Cpy
AM 58937 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 LH03-045 101.77 101.92 NA Qz-Cb-Py
AM 58938 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 17U21-42 338.22 339.21 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 58939 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 17421-43 172.65 172.80 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Po-Cpy-Au
AM 58940 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 17421-43 226.75 226.92 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Au
AM 58906 Lac Herbin (BZ/HW) 300471 5334719 LH02-354 127.95 128.20 NA Qz-Tur-Py
AM 58908 Lac Herbin (BZ/HW) 300471 5334719 LH02-354 129.25 129.55 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39926 Lac Herbin (HW/S1) 300471 5334719 LH07-009 49.90 50.00 Extension Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39920 Lac Herbin (S1/S2) 300471 5334719 2102-65 150.60 150.80 Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39984 Lac Herbin (S3/S1) 300471 5334719 ANAR-38 220.35 220.50 Extension Qz-Tur-Py-Po
AM 39952 Lac Herbin (BZ) 300471 5334719 ANAR-21 268.05 268.30 Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X X X
AM 39918 Lac Herbin (HW) 300471 5334719 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39909 Lac Herbin (HW2) 300471 5334719 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39914 Lac Herbin (HW2) 300471 5334719 ANAR-81 61.10 61.20 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 58911 Lac Herbin (HW2) 300471 5334719 LH02-354 197.10 197.27 NA Qz-Cb-Cpy
AM 39968 Lac Herbin (HW/HW2) 300471 5334719 ANAR-07 190.60 190.80 Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39935 Lac Herbin (HW2/WE) 300471 5334719 LH03-096 35.14 35.21 Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 58925 Lac Herbin (HW2/WE) 300471 5334719 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy
AM 39987 Lac Herbin (S1/S2) 300471 5334719 ANAR-38 294.15 294.30 Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 58910 Lac Herbin (WE/BZ) 300471 5334719 LH02-354 157.00 157.10 NA Qz-Tur-Py
AM 39910 Lac Herbin (LH) 300471 5334719 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
AM 39953 Lac Herbin (LH) 300471 5334719 ANAR-21 402.00 402.35 Cisaillement Qz-Cb-Py
AM 58902 Lac Herbin (LH) 300471 5334719 LH03-090 110.26 110.70 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Cpy
AM 58903 Lac Herbin (LH) 300471 5334719 LH03-090 125.68 125.85 NA Qz-Tur-Cb

81
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
AM 58936 Lac Herbin (LH) 300471 5334719 LH03-045 95.30 95.41 Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
AM 39921 Lac Herbin (BZ) 300471 5334719 2102-65 398.38 398.68 Cisaillement Qz-Cb
AM 39917 Lac Herbin (HW) 300471 5334719 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
AM 39956 Lac Herbin (HW) 300471 5334719 2102-77 274.30 274.10 NA Qz-Cb-Py-Au
AM 39995 Lac Herbin (HW2) 300471 5334719 LH02-330 57.25 57.40 Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Po-Cpy
AM 58915 Lac Herbin (S3/S2) 300471 5334719 LH02-277 303.20 303.40 Extension Qz-Tur
AM 58920 Lac Herbin (We/S1) 300471 5334719 LH02-194 237.80 237.92 Extension Qz-Tur
AM 39960 Lac Herbin (LH) 300471 5334719 LH03-230 79.25 79.64 Extension Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 58901 Lac Herbin (LH) 300471 5334719 LH03-090 75.46 75.73 Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39928 Lac Herbin (S1) 300471 5334719 LH04-004 105.90 106.20 Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy-Au
AM 39934 Lac Herbin (S1) 300471 5334719 LH02-322 404.65 404.75 Extension Qz-Tur-Py
AM 39937 Lac Herbin (S1) 300471 5334719 LH07-007 47.45 47.55 Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 39993 Lac Herbin (S1) 300471 5334719 LH02-277 482.75 482.83 Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
AM 58931 Lac Herbin (S1) 300471 5334719 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 58932 Lac Herbin (S1) 300471 5334719 - - - Extension Qz-Cb
AM 39991 Lac Herbin (S3) 300471 5334719 LH02-018 162.67 162.86 Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb X
AM 39933 Lac Herbin (S1) 300471 5334719 LH02-327 398.55 398.64 Extension Qz-Tur X X X
AM 39939 Lac Herbin (S1) 300471 5334719 LH02-010 47.06 47.35 Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy X
AM 39964 Lac Herbin (S1) 300471 5334719 LH01-013 30.45 30.65 Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb
AM 39959 Lac Herbin (WE) 300471 5334719 2102-77 366.00 366.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
LH-02-291 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
LH-02-343 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
4-GAL-20 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
5-GAL-3065E Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
6-GAL-3065E Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
7-GAL-31E Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
8-GAL-29-E Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
9A-GAL-32C Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
10A-GAL-32C Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
11A-GAL-32E Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
12-M-25 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
13-M-17 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
14-R22 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
15-GAL-17HW Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
16-R29 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
96-DP-08 Lac Herbin (sud) 300600 5333350 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
14-DG-004 Lac Herbin (sud) 300437 5333838 - - - NA Qz
96-DP-116 Lac Simon 323250 5323500 - - - NA Qz-Tur X X
96-DP-117 Lac Simon 323250 5323500 - - - NA Qz-Tur X
P124560 Lamaque sud (Parallel) 295000 5330100 PV-13-02 304.90 305.10 NA Qz-Tur
P124561 Lamaque sud (Parallel) 295000 5330100 PV-13-02 442.00 442.20 NA Qz-Tur-Py X
P124562 Lamaque sud (Parallel) 295000 5330100 PV-13-18 118.21 118.31 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124563 Lamaque sud (Parallel) 295000 5330100 PV-13-18 24.55 24.75 NA Qz-Tur-Py
P124564 Lamaque sud (Parallel) 295000 5330100 PV-13-17 62.60 62.80 NA Qz-Tur-Py
P124565 Lamaque sud (Parallel) 295000 5330100 PV-13-17 119.50 119.70 NA Qz-Tur X
P124566 Lamaque sud (Parallel) 295000 5330100 PV-13-17 205.25 205.40 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X X X
P124572 Lamaque sud (Parallel) 295000 5330100 PV-11-02 137.90 138.10 NA Qz-Tur-Py
P124573 Lamaque sud (Parallel) 295000 5330100 PV-11-02 231.00 231.20 NA Qz-Tur
P124567 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-17 98.60 98.80 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
P124568 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-17 253.70 253.90 NA Qz-Tur-Cb X
P124569 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-17 353.85 354.05 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
P124570 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-17 729.00 729.20 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124571 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-17 921.10 921.30 NA Qz-Tur-Cb
P124574 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-13 154.70 154.90 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124575 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-13 435.10 435.30 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124576 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-13 800.90 801.10 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124577 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-10 130.00 130.20 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124578 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-10 568.30 568.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124579 Lamaque Sud (Plug No. 4) 295000 5330100 P4-12-10 848.30 848.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124551 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-17A 117.30 117.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124552 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-17A 314.55 314.75 NA Qz-Tur
P124553 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-17A 587.70 587.90 NA Qz-Tur-Py X X
P124554 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-24 103.00 103.20 Breccia Qz-Tur-Cb-Sch-Py X X X

82
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
P124555 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-24 425.30 425.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124556 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-24 603.30 603.50 NA Qz-Tur-Py
P124557 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-07 108.15 108.35 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124558 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-07 297.50 297.70 NA Qz-Tur-Py X
P124559 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-07 362.15 362.30 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124580 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-38B 171.00 171.20 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124581 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 TM-14-38B 282.00 282.20 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
B-214498 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 208.10 208.40 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Bt banding, Po-Apy
B-214499 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 209.80 210.10 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Bt banding, Po-Apy
B-214500 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 210.40 210.70 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Bt banding, Po-Apy X
B-214501 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 212.00 212.30 NA Bt-Chl-Qz-Cb schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
B-214502 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 212.85 213.15 NA Bt-Chl-Qz-Cb schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy-Sbn-Au X
B-214503 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 213.30 213.60 NA Bt-Chl-Qz-Cb schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy-Sbn
B-214504 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 213.70 214.00 NA Bt-Chl-Qz-Cb schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy-Sbn-Au X
B-214505 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 214.30 214.60 NA Bt-Chl-Qz-Cb schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
B-214507 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 215.45 215.75 NA Bt-Chl-Qz-Cb schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
B-214513 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 221.50 221.80 NA Bt-Chl-Qz-Cb schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
B-214514 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 222.20 222.50 NA Bt-Chl-Qz-Cb schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
B-214515 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 223.70 224.00 NA Chl-Tlc schist
B-214516 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 224.50 224.80 NA Mafic volcanic rock
B-214517 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 225.00 250.30 NA Chl-Tlc schist
B-214519 Lapa (Niveau 49) 701850 5345271 LA06-49-13 227.50 227.80 NA Mafic volcanic rock
LA-131345 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 121.25 121.50 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-131346 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 121.80 122.20 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding
LA-131348 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 123.40 123.80 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding
LA-131352 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 129.10 129.50 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding
LA-131355 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 132.50 132.90 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding
LA-131356 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 133.90 134.30 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding, Py-Po-Apy X
LA-131357 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 134.40 134.90 NA Au-bearing quartz vein + Komatiite X
LA-131358 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 135.60 136.00 NA Chl-Tlc-Cb schist
LA-131359 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 136.00 136.40 NA Chl-Tlc-Cb schist
LA-131360 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 137.80 138.20 NA Mafic volcanic rock
LA-131361 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 138.80 139.20 NA Mafic volcanic rock
LA-131362 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA11-98-33 140.60 141.00 NA Mafic volcanic rock
LA-137307 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 142.60 143.10 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-137308 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 144.10 144.60 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-137309 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 145.50 146.00 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-137315 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 153.00 153.50 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-137316 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 154.00 154.40 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-137317 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 154.50 155.00 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt-Ser banding, Py-Po-Apy X
LA-137318 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 155.40 155.90 NA Au-bearing quartz vein X
LA-137319 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 155.90 156.40 NA Komatiite with visible gold X
LA-137320 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 156.70 157.00 NA Komatiite with visible gold
LA-137321 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 158.30 158.80 NA Chl-Tlc-Cb schist
LA-137322 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 159.10 159.60 NA Mafic volcanic rock
LA-137323 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 160.60 161.10 NA Mafic volcanic rock
LA-137324 Lapa (Niveau 98) 701850 5345271 LA10-98-23 162.00 162.50 NA Mafic volcanic rock
14-DG-023 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 Underground NA Qz-Cb-Tur-Bt-Ser-Po-Apy X X X
LA-103310 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 154.00 154.30 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Chl banding
LA-103311 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 154.70 155.00 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Chl banding
LA-103315 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 159.80 160.10 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Chl banding
LA-103316 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 160.40 160.70 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Chl banding
LA-103318 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 162.80 163.10 NA Bt-Cb-Tlc schist, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy X
LA-103319 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 163.90 164.20 NA Bt-Cb-Tlc schist, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103322 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 166.80 167.10 NA Bt-Cb-Tlc schist, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103323 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 168.10 168.40 NA Bt-Cb-Tlc schist, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103324 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 169.70 170.00 NA Bt-Cb-Tlc schist, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103325 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 171.20 171.50 NA Bt-Cb-Tlc schist, Qz-Cb veins, Ser-Bt banding, Apy
LA-103327 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 173.20 173.50 NA Bt-Cb-Tlc schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103328 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 174.10 174.40 NA Bt-Cb-Tlc schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy-Au X
LA-103329 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 174.80 175.10 NA Bt-Cb-Tlc schist, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103334 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 181.40 181.70 NA Mafic volcanic rock, Bt-Cb banding, Apy-Au X
LA-103336 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 185.20 185.50 NA Mafic volcanic rock, Bt-Cb banding, Apy

83
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
LA-103337 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 186.00 186.30 NA Mafic volcanic rock, Bt-Cb banding, Ap
LA-103343 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-3 192.70 193.00 NA Komatiite
LA-103417A Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 176.60 176.90 NA Bt-Qz-Cb schist, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103417B Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 177.30 177.60 NA Bt-Qz-Cb schist, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103418 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 178.20 178.50 NA Bt-Qz-Cb schist, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy-Sbn X
LA-103419 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 179.10 179.40 NA Bt-Qz-Cb schist, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103421 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 181.40 181.70 NA Bt-Qz-Cb schist, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103422 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 182.10 182.40 NA Bt-Qz-Cb schist, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103423 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 182.65 182.95 NA Bt-Qz-Cb schist, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy-Sbn X
LA-103425 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 184.50 184.80 NA Bt-Qz-Cb schist, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103427 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 186.80 187.10 NA Bt-Qz-Cb schist, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103431 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 191.10 191.40 NA Chl-Tlc schist, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103432 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 192.70 193.00 NA Mafic volcanic rock, Bt-Cb banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103434 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 198.30 198.60 NA Mafic volcanic rock, Bt-Cb banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-103445 Lapa (Niveau 101) 701850 5345271 LA07-101-5 172.90 176.90 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Po
LA-105421 Lapa (Niveau 125) 701850 5345271 LA07-125-10 122.10 122.40 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-105422 Lapa (Niveau 125) 701850 5345271 LA07-125-10 124.00 124.30 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-105423 Lapa (Niveau 125) 701850 5345271 LA07-125-10 124.30 124.60 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy
LA-105424 Lapa (Niveau 125) 701850 5345271 LA07-125-10 124.80 125.10 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy X
LA-105425 Lapa (Niveau 125) 701850 5345271 LA07-125-10 125.60 125.80 NA Grauwacke, Qz-Cb veins, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy-Au X
LA-105426 Lapa (Niveau 125) 701850 5345271 LA07-125-10 125.80 126.10 NA Mafic volcanic rock, Bt banding, Py-Po-Apy-Au X
LA-105427 Lapa (Niveau 125) 701850 5345271 LA07-125-10 126.15 126.45 NA Chl-Tlc schist, Py-Po-Apy
LA-105430 Lapa (Niveau 125) 701850 5345271 LA07-125-10 129.00 129.30 NA Chl-Tlc schist, Py-Po-Apy
LA-105431 Lapa (Niveau 125) 701850 5345271 LA07-125-10 129.80 130.10 NA Mafic volcanic rock
LA-105433 Lapa (Niveau 125) 701850 5345271 LA07-125-10 132.20 132.50 NA Mafic volcanic rock
96-DP-61 Lapaska 312100 5325900 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy X
96-DP-62 Lapaska 312100 5325900 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy
96-DP-172 Ligne de gaz (117) 303750 5330100 - - - NA Qz
14-DG-012 Louvicourt 308995 5326474 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb X
96-DP-15 Louvicourt Gold Fields 308900 5326300 - - - Extension Qz-Cb-Py
96-DP-57 Lucien Béliveau 312800 5334850 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur X X X
96-DP-58 Lucien Béliveau 312800 5334850 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-59 Lucien Béliveau 312800 5334850 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Py X X
96-DP-204 Malartic Hygrade 720800 5338500 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy
96-DP-206 Malartic Hygrade 720800 5338500 - - - NA Qz-Cb
96-DP-79A Mine École 285950 5331250 - - - NA Qz-Cb
P124582 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-17 119.50 119.75 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124583 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-17 126.30 126.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X X
P124584 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-17 311.55 311.75 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124585 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-17 328.40 328.60 NA Qz-Tur-Cb X
P124586 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-17 469.60 469.80 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124587 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-17 482.65 482.85 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124588 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-21 204.00 204.20 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124589 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-21 215.70 215.90 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124590 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-19 525.90 526.15 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124591 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-19 534.25 534.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124592 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-19 174.60 174.80 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124593 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-20 372.80 373.00 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124594 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-20 377.90 378.10 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124595 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-20 496.50 496.70 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124596 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-20 534.50 534.70 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124597 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-12-58 416.60 416.80 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124598 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-12-58 484.80 485.00 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124599 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-32 10.20 10.35 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124600 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-32 30.70 30.85 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X X X
P124601 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-32 86.25 86.40 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
P124602 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-21 142.45 142.55 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124603 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-20 128.35 128.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124604 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-20 140.85 141.00 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124605 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-21 8.30 8.50 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124606 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-21 51.60 51.85 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124607 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-21 93.35 93.55 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124608 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-21 163.20 163.40 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py

84
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
P124609 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-20 27.65 27.85 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
P124610 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 PC-11-20 69.40 69.60 NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-133 New Harricana 292700 5332000 - - - Extension Qz
96-DP-53 Nord-Ouest 299350 5333750 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Mag
96-DP-200 Norlatic 277700 5336900 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py
96-DP-201 Norlatic 277700 5336900 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py
96-DP-202 Norlatic 277700 5336900 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-181 Nubell 323750 5323750 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-74 O'Connell (Beacon "D" Zone) 310650 5330550 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X X X
96-DP-75 O'Connell (Beacon "D" Zone) 310750 5330550 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-78 O'Connell (Beacon "D" Zone) 310750 5330550 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
94-GB-22A Orenada 298800 5325000 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
94-GB-23A Orenada 298800 5325000 - - - NA Rock sample not available X
96-DP-05A Orenada 298600 5324750 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-96 Orenada 297900 5325400 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Apy X
96-DP-125 Orenada 298800 5325000 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Apy
96-DP-127 Orenada 298800 5325000 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Apy
14-DG-016 Orenada 299020 5325110 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Apy X
14-DG-017 Orenada 299026 5325113 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Apy X X
14-DG-018 Orenada 299067 5325098 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Apy
96-DP-11 Paramaque 307850 5326200 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur
96-DP-13 Paramaque 307850 5326250 - - - NA Qz-Tur X X X
96-DP-12 Paramaque 307850 5326200 - - - NA Qz-Cb
96-DP-13 Paramaque 307850 5326250 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur
14-DG-001 Pascalis 312925 5334650 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
14-DG-002 Pascalis 312989 5334628 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
14-DG-003 Pascalis 313138 5334342 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-31 Pasgil 313050 5335700 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py
96-DP-37 Québec Explorers 283950 5329250 - - - NA Qz
96-DP-42 Shawkey 284850 5332550 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py
96-DP-44 Shawkey 284950 5332950 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-45 Shawkey 284950 5332350 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X
96-DP-217 Sigma 2 316750 5326600 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py X
96-DP-218 Sigma 2 316750 5326600 - - - Extension Qz-Py X X
96-DP-220 Sigma 2 316750 5326600 - - - Extension Qz-Cb-Tur-Py-Cpy-Po
14-DG-014 Sigma 2 316771 5326888 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
14-DG-015 Sigma 2 317106 5326715 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb-Py X X X
94-GB-13 Sigma 294737 5331127 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy-Au X X X
94-GB-14 Sigma 294737 5331127 - - - NA Qz X
94-GB-15 Sigma 294737 5331127 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Sch-Py X X X
96-DP-214 Sigma 294737 5331127 - - - Cisaillement Qz
96-DP-216 Sigma 294737 5331127 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur X
96-DP-18 Siscoe 286600 5336050 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Py X X
96-DP-22 Siscoe 286350 5336250 - - - Breccia Qz-Tur-Cb-Py
96-DP-24 Siscoe 286350 5336250 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Py
96-DP-21 Siscoe 287050 5335950 - - - NA Qz-Cb
96-DP-22 Siscoe 286350 5336250 - - - Brèche Qz-Tur-Py X X
96-DP-23 Siscoe 286350 5336250 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py
96-DP-39 Snowbank 307500 5333700 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Cb
96-DP-40 Snowbank 307500 5333700 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb-Py-Cpy
96-DP-41A Snowbank 307500 5333700 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py-Cpy X X
96-DP-131 Stabell 290700 5332600 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py
96-DP-132 Stabell 290700 5332600 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-06A Standard Gold (est) 300300 5332150 - - - NA Qz-Cb
96-DP-07A Standard Gold (est) 300550 5331800 - - - Extension Qz-Tur X
96-DP-26 Sullivan 288650 5334100 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py
14-DG-019 Union Gold C 297678 5332042 - - - NA Qz-Cb-Py-Cpy
14-DG-021 Union Gold D 298184 5332578 - - - NA Qz
14-DG-022 Union Gold D 298173 5332576 - - - NA Qz
14-DG-020 Union Gold E 298220 5332065 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-01 Val-d'Or Mineral Holding 297800 5330550 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-03 Val-d'Or Mineral Holding 297800 5330550 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb
96-DP-04 Val-d'Or Mineral Holding 297950 5330500 - - - Extension Qz-Tur-Cb-Py

85
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Drill-hole From (m) To (m) Vein type Mineral assemblage Thin section EPMA LA-ICP-MS
14-DG-006 Val-d'Or Mineral Holding (est) 297978 5330653 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb X
14-DG-005 Val-d'Or Mineral Holding (ouest) 297795 5330651 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Cb X
14-DG-007 Vein No. 5 289500 5332298 - - - NA Hem
14-DG-008 Vein No. 5 289455 5332328 - - - NA Tur
14-DG-010 Vein No. 5 289444 5332306 - - - NA Qz-Cb
96-DP-139-1 Wrightbar 307950 5330050 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Tur-Py X
96-DP-140 Wrightbar 307950 5330050 - - - NA Qz-Tur-Py
96-DP-142 Wrightbar 307950 5330050 - - - NA Qz
96-DP-143 Wrightbar 307950 5330050 - - - NA Qz-Py
96-DP-145 Wrightbar 307950 5330050 - - - Cisaillement Qz-Py-Cpy

86
Appendix III: List of till samples
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Gold Tur Sch Apy Mag
14-DG-Till-001 Up-ice 314693 5339277 X X X
14-DG-Till-002 Val-d'Or district (North) 310524 5335563 X X X X
14-DG-Till-005 Val-d'Or district (Middle) 306901 5329662 X X X
14-DG-Till-004 Val-d'Or district (South) 308787 5325766 X X X
14-DG-Till-003 Down-ice 302622 5320275 X X X X

87
Appendix IV: List of samples disaggregated by electric pulse disaggregation
Sample number Location UTM East UTM North Gold Tur Sch Apy Mag
B-214502 Lapa (niveau 101) 701850 5345271 X X
LA-105425 Lapa (niveau 125) 701850 5345271 X X
CAGOD-163185-1 Goldex (zone E) 286117 5330582 X X X
CAGOD-137791 Goldex (zone M) 286117 5330582 X X
P124580 Lamaque Sud (Triangle) 295000 5330100 X X
AM 39943 Lac Herbin 300471 5334719 X X
P124589 New Béliveau 312780 5335060 X X
C-481-28 Beaufor (zone C) 309977 5336978 X X
94-GB-15 Sigma 294737 5331127 X X X X
14-DG-017 Orenada 299026 5325113 X X X
14-DG-015 Sigma 2 316750 5326600 X X

88
Appendix V: Processing flow sheet for heavy mineral concentrates

89
Appendix VI: Detection limits for EPMA analyses
Table 1: Analytical conditions and detection limits for major elements in tourmaline
Counting time (s) Range of detection limits
Element Crystal Line
Peak Background (wt%)
Fe LIF Kɑ 20 10 0.064 - 0.097
Cr LLIF Kɑ 20 10 0.022 - 0.027
Ca LPET Kɑ 20 10 0.011 - 0.015
Na TAP Kɑ 20 10 0.014 - 0.197
Mg TAP Kɑ 20 10 0.012 - 0.014
Si TAP Kɑ 20 10 0.013 - 0.016
Al TAP Kɑ 20 10 0.013 - 0.024
Beam size = 10 µm, voltage = 15 kV, and current = 20 nA.

Table 2: Analytical conditions and detection limits for minor elements in tourmaline
Counting time (s) Range of detection limits
Element Crystal Line
Peak Background (wt%)
Mn LIF Kɑ 40 20 0.005 - 0.076
Ti LIF Kɑ 40 20 0.004 - 0.026
Zn LLIF Kɑ 40 20 0.002
Cu LLIF Kɑ 40 20 0.002
Ni LLIF Kɑ 40 20 0.002
Co LLIF Kɑ 40 20 0.002
V LLIF Kɑ 40 20 0.002
Sc LPET Kɑ 40 20 0.001
K LPET Kɑ 40 20 0.001 - 0.014
Cl LPET Kɑ 40 20 0.001
Sr TAP Lɑ 40 20 0.005 - 0.006
F LPC0 Kɑ 40 20 0.010 - 0.200
Beam size = 10 µm, voltage = 25 kV, and current = 100 nA.

90
Appendix VI: Detection limits for EPMA analyses
Table 3: Analytical conditions and detection limits for major elements in scheelite
Counting time (s) Range of detection limits
Element Crystal Line
Peak Background (wt%)
W LLIF Kɑ 20 10 0.233 - 0.252
Ca LPET Lɑ 20 10 0.020 - 0.021
Beam size = 10 µm, voltage = 15 kV, and current = 20 nA.

Table 4: Analytical conditions and detection limits for minor elements in scheelite
Counting time (s) Range of detection limits
Element Crystal Line
Peak Background (wt%)
Fe LLIF Kɑ 120 30 0.031
Sr LPET Lɑ 120 30 0.008 - 0.009
Mo LPET Lɑ 120 30 0.005 - 0.008
Na TAP Kɑ 120 30 0.001
Y TAP Lɑ 120 30 0.004 - 0.005
Beam size = 10 µm, voltage = 15 kV, and current = 100 nA.

91
Appendix VI: Detection limits for EPMA analyses
Table 5 : Analytical conditions and detection limits for minor elements in magnetite
Counting time (s) Range of detection limits
Element Crystal Line
Peak Background (wt%)
V LIF Kɑ 80 20 0.005 - 0.009
Cr LIF Kɑ 80 20 0.005 - 0.007
Zn LLIF Kɑ 40 15 0.011 - 0.013
Cu LLIF Kɑ 40 20 0.008 - 0.011
Ni LLIF Kɑ 40 20 0.006 - 0.008
Mn LLIF Kɑ 40 20 0.004 - 0.006
K LPET Kɑ 40 20 0.002
Sn LPET Lɑ 40 20 0.003 - 0.006
Ca LPET Kɑ 40 20 0.001 - 0.002
Ti LPET Kɑ 40 15 0.002 - 0.004
Al TAP Kɑ 40 20 0.002
Si TAP Kɑ 60 20 0.001 - 0.002
Mg TAP Kɑ 40 20 0.002 - 0.003
P TAP Kɑ 40 20 0.002 - 0.003
Beam size = 10 µm, voltage = 15 kV, and current = 100 nA.

92
Appendix VII: Detection limits for LA-ICP-MS analyses
Table 1: Analytical conditions and detection limits for trace elements in tourmaline
Range of detection Range of detection
Element Element
limits (ppm) limits (ppm)
Li 0.12 - 2.01 Mo 0.03 - 0.21
Be 0.001 - 0.01 Sn 0.03 - 0.77
B 0.52 - 16.66 Cs 0.004 - 0.12
Na 131 - 26.37 Ba 0.03 - 0.12
Mg 0.19 - 1.68 La 0.002 - 0.02
Al 0.08 - 1.92 Ce 0.003 - 0.03
K 0.82 - 17.28 Pr 0.003 - 0.02
Ca 6.95 - 195.44 Nd 0.01 - 0.05
Sc 0.01 - 0.90 Eu 0.01 - 0.02
Ti 0.14 - 6.75 Sm 0.04 - 0.02
V 0.05 - 0.86 Tb 0.002 - 0.01
Cr 0.56 - 5.41 Gd 0.02 - 0.05
Mn 0.54 - 12.05 Dy 0.01 - 0.02
Fe 2.18 - 30.01 Ho 0.003 - 0.01
Co 0.01 - 0.06 Er 0.004 - 0.04
Ni 0.03 - 0.37 Tm 0.003 - 0.01
Cu 0.13 - 1.89 Yb 0.02 - 0.06
Zn 0.25 - 3.91 Lu 0.003 - 0.01
Ga 0.02 - 0.13 Hf 0.01 - 0.04
Rb 0.01 - 0.33 Ta 0.003 - 0.01
Sr 0.43 - 9.65 Pb 0.01 - 0.35
Y 0.01 - 0.02 Th 0.003 - 0.03
Zr 0.01 - 0.18 U 0.002 - 0.01
Nb 0.006 - 0.01
Beam size = 33-44 µm and laser frequency = 10-15 Hz

93
Appendix VII: Detection limits for LA-ICP-MS analyses
Table 2: Analytical conditions and detection limits for trace elements in scheelite
Range of detection Range of detection
Element Element
limits (ppm) limits (ppm)
Li 0.07 - 0.32 Sn 0.01 - 0.06
B 0.09 - 0.66 Ba 0.001 - 0.01
Na 0.98 - 4.08 La 0.002
Mg 0.01 - 0.09 Ce 0.001 - 0.004
Si 119.32 - 627.21 Pr 0.001 - 0.01
S 45.63 - 176.14 Nd 0.02
K 0.34 - 1.33 Eu 0.002 - 0.003
Ca 38.71 - 176.30 Sm 0.01 - 0.02
Ti 1.02 - 0.08 Tb 0.001 - 0.002
V 0.02 - 0.12 Gd 0.004 - 0.01
Cr 0.34 - 2.29 Dy 0.02 - 0.01
Mn 0.44 - 1.94 Ho 0.0004 - 0.001
Fe 0.34 - 1.62 Er 0.002 - 0.01
Co 0.004 - 0.01 Tm 0.001
Cu 0.03 - 0.14 Yb 0.0017 - 0.0022
Zn 0.03 - 0.25 Lu 0.0003 - 0.001
As 0.30 - 0.92 Ta 0.0004 - 0.0008
Sr 0.005 - 0.03 W 0.006 - 0.85
Y 0.002 - 0.01 Pb 0.003 - 0.37
Nb 0.001 - 0.01 Th 0.001 - 0.004
Mo 0.01 - 0.03 U 0.001 - 0.003
Ag 0.01 - 0.04
Beam size = 44 µm and laser frequency = 10-15 Hz

94
Appendix VIII: Electron probe micro-analysis data
Table 1: EPMA analyses of tourmalines (wt%)
Sample number Location Mineral SiO2 TiO2 V2O3 Al2O3 MnO MgO FeO Cr2O3 CaO Na2O K2O Sc Sr Zn Cu Ni Co Cl F
96-DP-50 (1a)* Audet Dravite 36.489 0.520 0.099 30.453 8.275 6.841 0.139 0.871 2.322
96-DP-50 (1b)* Audet Dravite 36.310 0.294 0.054 30.781 8.281 6.315 0.071 0.758 2.395 0.014
96-DP-50 (2a)* Audet Dravite 36.347 0.147 31.164 8.325 6.088 0.079 0.692 2.449 0.013
96-DP-50 (3a)* Audet Dravite 36.814 0.094 30.793 8.382 6.455 0.061 0.434 2.431 0.321
96-DP-50 (4a)* Audet Dravite 36.786 0.134 30.912 8.349 6.554 0.089 0.602 2.526 0.015
96-DP-50 (4b)* Audet Dravite 36.842 0.358 0.080 30.918 0.110 8.274 6.627 0.136 0.899 2.303 0.016
96-DP-162 (1a) Beaufor Dravite (core) 35.944 0.078 0.049 31.098 7.385 7.002 0.162 1.994 0.009 0.007 0.005
96-DP-162 (1b) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 35.511 0.342 0.094 30.227 0.014 7.007 7.732 0.036 0.335 2.348 0.021 0.007 0.031 0.005 0.013
96-DP-162 (1a)* Beaufor Dravite 36.804 0.113 0.055 31.751 7.584 7.446 0.154 2.226
96-DP-162 (1b)* Beaufor Dravite 36.830 0.086 0.064 31.963 0.068 7.170 8.209 0.139 2.149
96-DP-162 (2a) Beaufor Dravite (core) 35.475 0.713 0.085 29.676 0.008 7.231 7.389 0.718 2.170 0.013 0.007 0.019 0.009 0.035
96-DP-162 (2b) Beaufor Dravite (inter.) 35.252 1.666 0.097 28.118 0.010 6.745 8.750 0.622 2.104 0.017 0.009 0.032 0.009 0.001 0.045
96-DP-162 (2c) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 35.544 0.376 0.108 29.813 6.901 7.776 0.401 2.332 0.016 0.006 0.023 0.007 0.002 0.018
96-DP-162 (2a)* Beaufor Dravite 36.456 0.861 0.078 30.825 7.275 8.351 0.605 2.360 0.018
96-DP-162 (2b)* Beaufor Dravite 36.093 0.435 0.045 31.851 6.835 8.321 0.527 2.332 0.474
96-DP-162 (2c)* Beaufor Dravite 36.400 0.776 0.146 31.061 7.300 8.225 0.580 2.436
96-DP-162 (3a)* Beaufor Dravite 36.169 0.874 0.071 30.173 6.711 9.418 0.551 2.312 0.015
96-DP-162 (3b)* Beaufor Dravite 36.715 0.054 0.061 32.123 7.225 7.733 0.177 2.148
96-DP-162 (3c)* Beaufor Dravite 36.962 0.128 0.053 32.064 7.688 7.634 0.175 2.115
C20-1 (1a) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 35.636 0.407 0.135 30.763 0.007 7.384 7.779 0.620 2.326 0.018 0.004 0.084 0.008 0.004 0.004 0.028
C20-1 (1b) Beaufor Dravite (core) 35.904 0.143 0.085 32.453 0.007 7.069 6.711 0.233 2.036 0.010 0.007 0.008 0.008
C20-1 (1c) Beaufor Dravite (core) 36.279 0.108 0.085 32.295 0.009 7.018 7.073 0.185 1.998 0.010 0.005 0.008 0.008
C20-1 (1d) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 35.702 0.417 0.104 31.362 7.317 7.475 0.658 2.241 0.016 0.002 0.067 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.033
C20-1 (2a) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 35.504 0.406 0.133 31.130 7.266 7.511 0.512 2.237 0.017 0.004 0.069 0.010 0.006 0.002 0.037
C20-1 (2b) Beaufor Dravite (inter.) 35.349 1.528 0.119 29.500 7.163 8.501 0.731 2.134 0.014 0.008 0.072 0.011 0.007 0.008 0.060
C20-1 (2c) Beaufor Dravite (core) 35.669 0.789 0.123 30.187 0.007 7.334 8.381 0.801 2.055 0.012 0.004 0.061 0.011 0.008 0.061
C20-1 (2d) Beaufor Dravite (inter.) 35.492 1.521 0.128 29.247 7.188 8.768 0.748 2.161 0.018 0.008 0.073 0.012 0.004 0.041
C20-1 (2e) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 35.710 0.416 0.160 30.929 7.314 8.003 0.480 2.295 0.017 0.005 0.060 0.008 0.004 0.037
96-DP-120 (1a) Bloc Sud Schorl (core) 33.988 1.145 0.559 24.288 4.998 14.791 0.317 2.448 0.024 0.032 0.019 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.002
96-DP-120 (2a) Bloc Sud Schorl (core) 34.819 1.386 0.416 25.758 5.378 13.267 0.417 2.511 0.023 0.014 0.015 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.034
96-DP-120 (3a) Bloc Sud Schorl (core) 35.240 0.437 0.496 26.286 5.377 13.226 0.238 2.618 0.032 0.043 0.027 0.007 0.007 0.005 0.002 0.038
96-DP-120 (3b) Bloc Sud Schorl (rim) 34.200 1.024 0.496 24.569 5.192 15.158 0.337 2.619 0.031 0.018 0.031 0.009 0.003 0.006 0.005
96-DP-72 (1a) Brosnor Dravite (core) 35.573 0.149 0.283 29.680 6.897 7.753 0.043 0.152 2.099 0.013 0.035 0.011 0.044 0.006 0.025
96-DP-72 (1b) Brosnor Dravite (rim) 34.756 0.565 0.305 29.394 6.032 9.034 0.060 0.455 2.167 0.021 0.019 0.060 0.012 0.029 0.008 0.008 0.018
96-DP-72 (1a)* Brosnor Dravite 35.991 0.158 0.309 30.718 6.370 9.106 0.160 0.099 2.269 0.019
96-DP-72 (1b)* Brosnor Dravite 36.087 0.091 0.227 31.210 6.205 9.091 0.149 0.058 2.132 0.024
96-DP-72 (2a)* Brosnor Dravite 36.085 0.121 0.235 30.702 6.648 8.562 0.073 0.270 2.259 0.013
96-DP-72 (2b)* Brosnor Dravite 35.705 0.558 0.441 29.318 6.707 9.256 0.220 0.411 2.592 0.029
96-DP-72 (2c)* Brosnor Dravite 36.262 0.089 0.245 30.460 7.054 8.728 0.168 0.206 2.291 0.014
96-DP-67 (1a)* Buffadison Dravite 35.920 0.301 0.052 32.723 6.410 7.668 0.569 1.972
96-DP-67 (1b)* Buffadison Dravite 36.195 0.447 0.043 32.791 6.524 8.061 0.619 2.137 0.012
96-DP-67 (2a)* Buffadison Dravite 36.143 0.408 0.073 32.380 6.483 8.389 0.602 2.128
96-DP-67 (2b)* Buffadison Dravite 36.640 0.080 33.304 6.065 7.700 0.181 1.738
96-DP-67 (3a)* Buffadison Dravite 36.211 0.158 33.008 6.789 7.550 0.474 2.161
96-DP-67 (3b)* Buffadison Dravite 36.916 0.070 33.362 6.647 7.290 0.177 1.777
96-DP-114 (1a) Buffadison Dravite (core) 35.164 0.392 0.069 31.102 6.300 7.455 0.654 1.964 0.005 0.011 0.020 0.003 0.026
96-DP-114 (1b) Buffadison Dravite (rim) 34.869 0.444 0.041 30.849 0.007 6.206 7.616 0.684 1.836 0.008 0.005 0.018 0.001 0.047

95
Sample number Location Mineral SiO2 TiO2 V2O3 Al2O3 MnO MgO FeO Cr2O3 CaO Na2O K2O Sc Sr Zn Cu Ni Co Cl F
96-DP-114 (2a) Buffadison Dravite (core) 36.330 0.060 0.037 33.388 5.797 6.476 0.180 1.598 0.003 0.005 0.015 0.003 0.016
96-DP-114 (2b) Buffadison Dravite (rim) 35.426 0.302 0.052 32.210 0.014 6.221 7.625 0.527 1.955 0.005 0.007 0.011 0.002 0.032
96-DP-208 (1a)* Canmet (nord) Dravite 36.149 0.378 0.054 32.134 6.279 8.371 0.557 2.255 0.462
96-DP-208 (1b)* Canmet (nord) Dravite 35.866 0.566 0.061 31.080 6.339 8.727 0.745 2.166 0.384
96-DP-208 (2a)* Canmet (nord) Dravite 36.209 0.435 0.055 31.734 7.012 7.794 0.543 2.472 0.014 0.476
96-DP-208 (2b)* Canmet (nord) Dravite 36.384 0.423 32.011 6.627 7.996 0.652 2.314
96-DP-178 (1a)* Goldex Dravite 36.232 0.352 0.102 31.997 7.356 7.062 0.091 0.464 2.220 0.012 0.012
96-DP-178 (1b)* Goldex Dravite 37.282 0.148 0.092 33.621 8.032 4.688 0.257 2.135
96-DP-178 (2a)* Goldex Dravite 36.040 0.371 0.155 31.565 7.502 7.186 0.438 2.307 0.413
96-DP-178 (2b)* Goldex Dravite 36.301 0.220 0.133 31.934 7.186 7.838 0.354 2.303
96-DP-178 (3a)* Goldex Dravite 33.295 0.229 0.053 29.852 7.049 5.895 0.040 4.086 2.199
96-DP-178 (3b)* Goldex Dravite 36.161 0.215 0.084 31.108 7.544 6.790 0.899 0.375 2.460 0.014
CAGOD-163185-1 (1a) Goldex Dravite (rim) 35.616 0.386 0.056 31.158 8.286 6.245 0.718 2.290 0.020 0.001 0.025 0.011 0.010 0.020
CAGOD-163185-1 (1b) Goldex Dravite (inter.) 35.089 0.859 0.083 28.765 0.011 8.318 7.370 1.041 2.097 0.017 0.003 0.019 0.012 0.002 0.004 0.037 0.036
CAGOD-163185-1 (1c) Goldex Dravite (core) 35.668 0.731 0.087 30.189 0.009 8.207 6.917 1.139 2.085 0.014 0.001 0.017 0.010 0.008 0.028
CAGOD-163185-1 (1d) Goldex Dravite (inter.) 35.347 1.365 0.087 28.863 0.011 8.368 7.612 0.930 2.154 0.019 0.004 0.043 0.015 0.007 0.059 0.026
CAGOD-163185-1 (1e) Goldex Dravite (rim) 35.675 0.401 0.051 31.312 0.008 8.519 5.696 0.755 2.214 0.018 0.001 0.019 0.010 0.005 0.003 0.026
CAGOD-163185-1 (2a) Goldex Dravite (rim) 35.736 0.655 0.075 29.581 0.014 8.570 6.728 0.888 2.263 0.011 0.002 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.003 0.013
CAGOD-163185-1 (2b) Goldex Dravite (core) 36.204 0.165 0.043 31.098 0.009 8.664 5.247 0.430 2.237 0.009 0.001 0.013 0.006
CAGOD-163185-1 (2c) Goldex Dravite (core) 36.308 0.158 0.042 31.230 0.007 8.670 5.370 0.439 2.264 0.007 0.004 0.009 0.009
CAGOD-163185-1 (2d) Goldex Dravite (rim) 35.826 0.537 0.064 29.710 0.008 8.502 6.713 0.887 2.225 0.014 0.021 0.012 0.004 0.056
CAGOD-163185-1 (3a) Goldex Dravite (rim) 35.512 0.791 0.082 29.370 8.821 6.962 1.060 2.253 0.016 0.022 0.007 0.009 0.003 0.020
CAGOD-163185-1 (3b) Goldex Dravite (inter.) 35.647 0.196 0.074 31.802 7.711 6.771 0.422 2.288 0.015 0.010 0.013 0.005
CAGOD-163185-1 (3c) Goldex Dravite (core) 36.126 0.160 0.067 31.184 8.376 6.163 0.053 0.329 2.173 0.015 0.007 0.009 0.014 0.016 0.004
CAGOD-G-47644 (1a) Goldex Dravite (core) 36.430 0.063 0.065 31.410 8.909 4.231 0.275 1.961 0.009 0.011 0.017 0.033 0.004
CAGOD-G-47644 (1b) Goldex Dravite (rim) 35.446 0.309 0.101 29.586 8.421 6.710 0.789 2.277 0.012 0.004 0.016 0.012 0.006 0.002
CAGOD-109822B (1a) Goldex Dravite (NA) 35.530 0.404 0.039 28.898 0.011 8.694 6.433 1.037 2.218 0.010 0.002 0.014 0.009 0.007 0.001 0.013
CAGOD-109822B (1b) Goldex Dravite (NA) 35.405 0.810 0.058 28.208 0.017 8.581 7.132 1.211 2.077 0.010 0.003 0.014 0.013 0.008 0.018
CAGOD-109822B (1c) Goldex Dravite (NA) 35.591 0.362 0.052 29.292 0.008 8.890 5.989 0.958 2.216 0.010 0.002 0.015 0.011 0.008 0.002 0.001
CAGOD-109822B (1d) Goldex Dravite (NA) 35.546 0.744 0.080 29.121 8.740 6.393 1.053 2.176 0.009 0.004 0.019 0.012 0.009 0.002 0.013
CAGOD-109822B (2a) Goldex Dravite (core) 36.471 0.085 0.085 30.487 8.943 5.204 0.308 2.099 0.012 0.009 0.015 0.016
CAGOD-109822B (2b) Goldex Dravite (rim) 35.553 0.397 0.085 29.958 8.637 6.026 0.753 2.233 0.014 0.004 0.030 0.015 0.010 0.004 0.033
CAGOD-109822B (3a) Goldex Dravite (core) 35.395 0.096 0.092 28.959 0.011 8.854 5.301 0.054 0.287 2.079 0.013 0.015 0.006 0.017 0.019 0.002 0.002 0.011
CAGOD-109822B (3b) Goldex Dravite (rim) 35.526 0.385 0.075 29.461 0.011 8.306 5.847 0.717 2.241 0.013 0.004 0.035 0.019 0.014 0.003 0.022
96-DP-221 (1a) Kiena Dravite (core) 35.882 0.109 0.148 31.159 7.352 5.152 0.077 0.029 2.389 0.005 0.030 0.013 0.004 0.003 0.011
96-DP-221 (1b) Kiena Dravite (rim) 34.926 0.822 0.124 28.671 7.232 7.967 0.697 2.227 0.014 0.019 0.018 0.011 0.010 0.018
96-DP-221 (2a) Kiena Dravite (core) 35.345 0.718 0.182 29.740 7.258 7.378 0.753 2.141 0.014 0.012 0.021 0.014 0.007 0.003 0.013
AM39933 (1a) Lac Herbin Dravite (core) 35.539 0.069 0.098 30.859 0.011 6.572 7.480 0.222 2.028 0.010 0.029 0.010 0.002 0.001
AM39933 (1b) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 35.372 0.304 0.105 30.143 0.011 6.552 8.241 0.492 2.190 0.015 0.005 0.011 0.004 0.003 0.014
AM39952 (1a) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 35.490 0.454 0.092 31.223 0.016 6.829 8.063 0.546 2.278 0.021 0.002 0.018 0.011 0.003 0.002
AM39952 (1b) Lac Herbin Dravite (inter.) 35.315 1.684 0.142 28.517 0.015 6.905 9.184 0.795 2.291 0.027 0.019 0.034 0.009 0.002
AM39952 (1c) Lac Herbin Dravite (core) 35.542 0.942 0.110 30.310 0.015 6.807 8.578 0.773 2.141 0.014 0.008 0.006 0.010 0.002 0.002 0.014
AM39952 (1d) Lac Herbin Dravite (inter.) 35.355 1.695 0.103 29.263 0.014 6.657 8.917 0.662 2.158 0.020 0.011 0.019 0.011 0.003 0.004
AM39952 (1e) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 35.371 0.566 0.114 31.524 0.016 6.542 8.218 0.574 2.156 0.018 0.003 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.001
AM39952 (2a) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 35.566 0.646 0.116 30.995 0.015 6.720 7.856 0.642 2.253 0.018 0.004 0.014 0.009 0.003
AM39952 (2b) Lac Herbin Dravite (core) 34.911 0.068 0.096 30.475 0.014 6.637 7.762 0.465 2.179 0.015 0.028 0.012 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.001
AM39952 (2c) Lac Herbin Dravite (core) 36.156 0.063 0.068 32.812 0.011 6.700 7.094 0.199 2.053 0.009 0.018 0.009 0.004 0.004
AM39952 (2d) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 35.609 0.783 0.145 30.821 0.013 6.685 8.322 0.542 2.167 0.013 0.012 0.009 0.006 0.003 0.002 0.002
P124553 (1a) Lamaque Sud Dravite (rim) 35.684 0.537 0.095 30.874 0.018 7.993 6.904 0.904 2.266 0.017 0.006 0.021 0.040 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.030
P124553 (1b ) Lamaque Sud Dravite (core) 36.406 0.075 0.064 32.775 0.018 8.065 5.223 0.150 1.887 0.005 0.010 0.062 0.002
P124553 (1c) Lamaque Sud Dravite (core) 36.473 0.200 0.055 33.667 0.016 7.837 4.954 0.036 0.353 2.177 0.009 0.002 0.016 0.070 0.003
P124553 (1d) Lamaque Sud Dravite (rim) 36.071 0.398 0.085 31.824 0.015 8.109 5.530 0.628 2.151 0.011 0.009 0.030 0.050 0.006 0.002 0.002

96
Sample number Location Mineral SiO2 TiO2 V2O3 Al2O3 MnO MgO FeO Cr2O3 CaO Na2O K2O Sc Sr Zn Cu Ni Co Cl F
P124554 (1a) Lamaque Sud Dravite (core) 36.212 0.133 0.066 32.685 0.011 7.972 4.384 0.347 2.156 0.007 0.005 0.065 0.003 0.002
P124554 (1b) Lamaque Sud Dravite (rim) 36.270 0.285 0.090 32.853 7.473 4.783 0.440 2.227 0.008 0.009 0.007 0.054 0.003 0.004
P124566 (1a) Lamaque Sud Dravite (core) 36.321 0.173 0.060 33.216 0.011 7.536 5.468 0.418 2.161 0.008 0.006 0.013 0.005 0.003
P124566 (1b) Lamaque Sud Dravite (inter.) 35.736 0.390 0.066 32.609 0.021 7.327 6.563 0.754 2.118 0.010 0.006 0.008 0.002 0.006 0.001
P124566 (1c) Lamaque Sud Dravite (inter.) 35.952 0.367 0.060 33.221 0.018 7.088 6.142 0.681 2.021 0.007 0.004 0.014 0.006 0.008 0.005
P124566 (1d) Lamaque Sud Dravite (rim) 35.807 0.361 0.052 32.647 0.017 7.251 6.746 0.769 2.076 0.008 0.002 0.015 0.006 0.001
P124566 (2a) Lamaque Sud Dravite (core) 36.042 1.088 0.073 31.166 0.027 7.332 7.712 0.746 2.031 0.011 0.011 0.008 0.003 0.007 0.002
P124566 (2b) Lamaque Sud Dravite (inter.) 35.789 0.296 0.048 32.593 0.025 7.000 6.773 0.655 2.047 0.011 0.001 0.011 0.006
P124566 (2c) Lamaque Sud Dravite (rim) 36.004 0.217 0.046 32.977 0.023 7.410 6.395 0.729 1.963 0.010 0.001 0.017 0.006
14-DG-023 (1a) Lapa Dravite (rim) 35.835 0.514 0.072 32.253 0.029 6.837 6.800 0.414 2.183 0.017 0.002 0.030 0.014 0.022
14-DG-023 (1b) Lapa Dravite (core) 36.133 0.085 0.101 32.265 0.028 7.135 6.569 0.112 1.958 0.012 0.016 0.016 0.004 0.002 0.001
14-DG-023 (1c) Lapa Dravite (rim) 35.703 0.328 0.073 32.311 0.024 6.805 6.934 0.360 2.266 0.015 0.002 0.021 0.015 0.003 0.004 0.043 0.013
14-DG-023 (2a) Lapa Dravite (rim) 35.964 0.120 0.068 32.146 0.027 7.094 6.915 0.148 2.028 0.012 0.007 0.011 0.003 0.002 0.011
14-DG-023 (2b) Lapa Dravite (core) 36.001 0.082 0.077 32.164 0.027 6.985 7.094 0.190 2.074 0.012 0.016 0.008 0.015 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.032
14-DG-023 (2c) Lapa Dravite (core) 35.730 0.079 0.079 32.598 0.025 6.767 7.052 0.174 2.056 0.012 0.015 0.012
14-DG-023 (2d) Lapa Dravite (rim) 35.675 0.324 0.143 32.202 0.027 6.711 7.387 0.431 2.157 0.011 0.008 0.011 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.023
96-DP-116 (1a)* Lac Simon Schorl 35.908 0.405 0.294 28.250 6.807 11.894 0.780 2.490 0.028
96-DP-116 (1b)* Lac Simon Schorl 35.887 0.428 0.249 28.525 6.483 11.594 0.563 2.570 0.023
96-DP-116 (2a)* Lac Simon Schorl 34.919 0.464 0.343 28.336 6.420 12.142 0.559 2.275 0.036 0.019
96-DP-116 (2b)* Lac Simon Schorl 35.794 0.465 0.302 29.397 6.485 10.173 0.561 2.511 0.016
96-DP-57 (1a) L. Béliveau Dravite (core) 35.781 0.054 0.046 31.166 0.007 7.105 6.522 0.054 0.141 1.779 0.007 0.009 0.015 0.006 0.003
96-DP-57 (1b) L. Béliveau Dravite (rim) 35.200 0.287 0.064 31.672 6.036 6.936 0.425 1.927 0.011 0.003 0.011 0.002 0.001 0.032
96-DP-59 (1a)* L. Béliveau Dravite 35.245 0.079 0.069 32.782 6.308 7.166 0.114 1.747
96-DP-59 (1b)* L. Béliveau Dravite 36.814 0.048 33.024 6.774 7.112 0.111 1.636
96-DP-59 (2a)* L. Béliveau Dravite 35.702 0.327 0.131 32.015 6.610 7.018 0.377 2.258 0.020
96-DP-59 (2b)* L. Béliveau Dravite 36.021 0.303 0.092 32.898 6.593 7.741 0.439 2.350
96-DP-59 (3a)* L. Béliveau Dravite 36.151 0.140 0.300 30.592 7.048 8.416 0.051 0.218 2.371
96-DP-59 (3b)* L. Béliveau Dravite 36.228 0.260 0.368 30.594 6.272 8.807 0.042 0.132 2.348 0.014
96-DP-59 (3c)* L. Béliveau Dravite 35.865 0.447 0.355 30.157 5.976 9.997 0.105 0.161 2.528 0.017
P124600 (2a) New Béliveau Dravite (core) 35.159 0.674 0.080 30.150 0.016 6.345 7.618 0.475 1.925 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.022
P124600 (2b) New Béliveau Dravite (inter.) 35.276 1.198 0.092 29.361 0.011 6.309 7.962 0.468 2.096 0.005 0.005 0.012 0.002 0.003 0.034
P124600 (2c) New Béliveau Dravite (rim) 35.595 0.291 0.077 31.450 0.014 6.591 6.430 0.372 2.029 0.007 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.004
P124600 (3a) New Béliveau Dravite (core) 36.145 0.060 0.050 31.521 7.001 7.028 0.121 1.775 0.006 0.010 0.015 0.002 0.005 0.003 0.010
P124600 (3b) New Béliveau Dravite (rim) 35.999 0.329 0.074 32.562 6.457 6.449 0.416 2.085 0.007 0.003 0.007 0.003
96-DP-55 (1a)* Nord-Ouest Dravite 36.626 0.059 0.074 32.535 5.531 8.797 0.118 1.775 0.015 0.015
96-DP-55 (1b)* Nord-Ouest Dravite 36.560 0.419 0.117 33.072 5.429 8.566 0.255 2.225
96-DP-55 (2a)* Nord-Ouest Dravite 35.867 0.318 0.086 33.560 5.125 8.875 0.247 2.030
96-DP-55 (2b)* Nord-Ouest Dravite 36.240 0.213 0.098 32.619 5.780 8.791 0.175 2.179
96-DP-74 (1a) O'Connell Dravite (core) 35.565 0.352 0.115 31.276 0.009 6.517 7.262 0.046 0.402 2.127 0.010 0.005 0.016 0.008 0.022
96-DP-74 (1b) O'Connell Dravite (rim) 35.652 0.424 0.125 30.362 0.015 7.233 7.487 0.569 2.138 0.013 0.005 0.024 0.011 0.003 0.007 0.036
96-DP-74 (2a) O'Connell Dravite (core) 35.885 0.201 0.096 32.066 6.920 6.125 0.134 2.148 0.006 0.006 0.016 0.005 0.022
96-DP-74 (2b) O'Connell Dravite (inter.) 35.955 0.354 0.112 31.317 6.823 6.614 0.055 0.241 2.216 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.018 0.003 0.008 0.001 0.043
96-DP-74 (2c) O'Connell Dravite (rim) 35.683 0.161 0.090 31.725 6.683 6.917 0.328 2.160 0.007 0.006 0.013 0.007 0.002
14-DG-017 (2a) Orenada Dravite (rim) 36.013 0.606 0.065 30.847 7.624 5.753 0.136 2.431 0.012 0.005 0.017 0.019 0.005 0.014 0.038
14-DG-017 (1a) Orenada Dravite (core) 32.453 0.141 0.041 28.367 6.735 5.397 0.131 2.054 0.008 0.005 0.021 0.003 0.002 0.042 0.020
14-DG-017 (1b) Orenada Dravite (rim) 35.981 0.787 0.073 30.622 7.296 6.027 0.133 2.396 0.010 0.006 0.024 0.016 0.005 0.027 0.046
96-DP-97A (1a)* Orenada Dravite 36.353 0.058 0.059 32.637 0.086 6.789 6.855 0.155 1.826
96-DP-97A (1b)* Orenada Dravite 36.416 0.240 33.169 6.420 7.452 0.329 2.077 0.011 0.292
96-DP-97A (1c)* Orenada Dravite 36.682 0.090 0.055 32.284 6.636 8.044 0.178 1.836 0.011
96-DP-97A (2a)* Orenada Dravite 35.748 0.373 0.058 32.291 6.236 7.574 0.607 2.221
96-DP-97A (2b)* Orenada Dravite 35.813 0.626 0.089 31.468 6.367 8.334 0.652 2.142 0.022
96-DP-13 (1) Paramaque Schorl (core) 35.415 0.136 0.087 30.049 0.010 4.665 11.700 0.063 2.084 0.012 0.050 0.016 0.010

97
Sample number Location Mineral SiO2 TiO2 V2O3 Al2O3 MnO MgO FeO Cr2O3 CaO Na2O K2O Sc Sr Zn Cu Ni Co Cl F
94-GB-13A (1a) Sigma Dravite (core) 35.765 0.175 0.054 32.010 0.029 6.356 8.690 0.289 2.135 0.010 0.005 0.024 0.004 0.007
94-GB-13A (1b) Sigma Dravite (core) 35.762 0.124 0.044 31.980 0.028 6.380 9.205 0.286 2.169 0.011 0.002 0.021 0.004
94-GB-13A (1c) Sigma Dravite (rim) 35.389 0.654 0.061 31.311 0.029 6.464 9.014 0.720 2.259 0.020 0.006 0.020 0.004 0.003
94-GB-13A (1d) Sigma Dravite (rim) 35.549 0.549 0.057 31.546 0.030 6.011 9.131 0.683 1.991 0.021 0.002 0.022 0.002
94-GB-15A (1a) Sigma Dravite (rim) 35.404 0.369 0.056 29.790 0.021 8.203 7.884 1.048 2.211 0.017 0.002 0.017 0.030
94-GB-15A (1b) Sigma Dravite (core) 35.720 0.212 0.038 30.556 8.285 7.505 0.913 2.292 0.010 0.001 0.010 0.002 0.003 0.035
94-GB-15A (1c) Sigma Dravite (rim) 35.593 0.488 0.055 29.941 0.018 8.237 7.839 1.108 2.186 0.015 0.011 0.038
94-GB-15A (2a) Sigma Dravite (core) 36.305 0.032 0.022 31.531 0.019 8.207 6.013 0.393 2.192 0.010 0.002 0.017 0.003
94-GB-15A (2b) Sigma Dravite (inter.) 35.757 0.162 0.041 28.898 0.023 8.569 7.708 1.239 2.135 0.015 0.010 0.002 0.002
94-GB-15A (2c) Sigma Dravite (rim) 36.123 0.387 0.047 31.028 0.020 7.802 6.851 1.044 2.059 0.016 0.002 0.013
L1400 (1a)* Sigma Dravite 36.730 0.474 0.060 32.804 6.942 7.148 0.361 2.169 0.012 0.294
L1400 (1b)* Sigma Dravite 36.236 0.623 0.072 32.349 7.007 7.154 0.449 2.294
L1400 (2a)* Sigma Dravite 36.228 0.419 0.067 32.719 6.526 7.103 0.397 2.172
L1400 (2b)* Sigma Dravite 36.352 0.552 0.047 32.549 6.792 7.018 0.416 2.109 0.012 0.011
L1400 (3a)* Sigma Dravite 36.043 0.696 0.056 31.206 6.866 8.036 0.563 2.369 0.022
L1400 (3b)* Sigma Dravite 36.408 0.448 0.046 32.156 6.802 7.803 0.459 2.303 0.016 0.017
L1400 (4a)* Sigma Dravite 36.312 0.544 0.063 31.704 6.701 8.206 0.523 2.339 0.021
L1400 (4b)* Sigma Dravite 36.258 0.545 0.064 31.599 6.981 8.049 0.490 2.332 0.015
L1400B (1a)* Sigma Dravite 36.532 0.467 0.085 33.207 6.481 7.389 0.312 2.039
L1400B (1b)* Sigma Dravite 36.814 0.215 0.056 31.892 0.102 7.056 7.831 0.308 2.183
L1400B (2a)* Sigma Dravite 36.118 0.520 0.083 31.266 6.838 8.165 0.604 2.403 0.016
L1400B (3a)* Sigma Dravite 36.322 0.433 0.042 32.654 6.444 8.099 0.563 2.112 0.016
L1400B (4a)* Sigma Dravite 36.325 0.458 0.078 31.566 6.924 8.088 0.487 2.304
L1400C (1a)* Sigma Dravite 36.497 0.512 0.061 31.784 6.738 7.996 0.514 2.364
L1400C (2a)* Sigma Dravite 36.446 0.457 0.083 31.823 6.839 7.537 0.506 2.375 0.011 0.011 0.411
L1400C (3a)* Sigma Dravite 36.318 0.413 0.073 31.714 7.017 7.525 0.391 2.353 0.016
L1400C (4a)* Sigma Dravite 36.322 0.428 0.093 31.868 6.952 7.348 0.524 2.381 0.016
L1400D (1a)* Sigma Dravite 36.341 0.408 0.071 31.969 6.954 7.553 0.406 2.301 0.018
L1400D (1b)* Sigma Dravite 36.512 0.185 0.051 32.651 7.075 6.931 0.368 2.477 0.016
L1400D (2a)* Sigma Dravite 36.569 0.217 33.191 6.789 7.188 0.233 2.044
L1400D (2b)* Sigma Dravite 36.023 0.363 0.052 32.325 6.886 7.263 0.376 2.198
L1400E1 (1a)* Sigma Dravite 36.252 0.525 0.049 31.443 6.992 8.280 0.618 2.394 0.015
L1400E1 (1b)* Sigma Dravite 36.306 0.444 31.571 6.621 8.278 0.509 2.395 0.015
L1400E1 (1c)* Sigma Dravite 36.469 0.523 0.054 31.847 6.704 8.284 0.581 2.301
L1400E1 (2a)* Sigma Dravite 36.015 0.497 0.041 31.370 6.800 8.026 0.577 2.317 0.017 0.014 0.346
L1400E1 (2b)* Sigma Dravite 36.410 0.278 0.073 31.711 6.850 8.079 0.437 2.306 0.028
23Lxc2 (1a)* Sigma Dravite 35.835 0.153 0.062 32.788 5.524 8.790 0.194 2.180 0.016
23Lxc2 (1b)* Sigma Dravite 35.806 0.242 0.050 32.606 0.086 5.977 8.248 0.344 2.106 0.011 0.239
23Lxc2 (2a)* Sigma Dravite 34.911 0.391 32.581 0.056 5.447 8.330 0.306 1.899
23Lxc2 (2b)* Sigma Dravite 35.853 0.266 0.046 33.294 5.378 8.537 0.243 2.031 0.019
32Lxc19 (1a)* Sigma Dravite 36.365 0.276 0.048 33.297 6.039 7.902 0.339 2.178 0.015
32Lxc19 (1b)* Sigma Dravite 36.364 0.295 0.099 32.852 6.378 7.814 0.314 2.219
32Lxc19 (2a)* Sigma Dravite 36.448 0.287 0.082 32.865 6.089 8.240 0.357 2.107
32Lxc19 (2b)* Sigma Dravite 36.443 0.340 0.075 33.381 5.921 7.715 0.275 2.312
32Lxc19 (3a)* Sigma Dravite 36.318 0.296 0.079 33.173 6.218 7.967 0.311 2.269
32Lxc19 (3b)* Sigma Dravite 36.268 0.335 0.103 32.791 6.288 8.163 0.458 2.089 0.011
1128 MZ9 (1a)* Sigma Dravite 36.922 0.042 32.775 6.660 7.475 0.037 1.571
1128 MZ9 (1b)* Sigma Dravite 36.603 0.218 0.090 33.621 6.619 7.029 0.211 2.097
1128 MZ9 (2a)* Sigma Dravite 37.762 0.152 33.651 6.280 6.468 0.121 1.775
1128 MZ9 (2b)* Sigma Dravite 37.217 0.095 33.140 6.573 7.507 0.099 1.677
1128 S1 (1a)* Sigma Dravite 35.752 0.359 0.057 32.418 6.533 7.375 0.356 2.234
1128 S1 (1b)* Sigma Dravite 35.713 0.353 0.056 32.852 6.547 7.259 0.399 2.181 0.021

98
Sample number Location Mineral SiO2 TiO2 V2O3 Al2O3 MnO MgO FeO Cr2O3 CaO Na2O K2O Sc Sr Zn Cu Ni Co Cl F
1128 S1 (2a)* Sigma Dravite 35.914 0.174 0.047 32.285 6.530 7.524 0.229 2.000
1128 S1 (2b)* Sigma Dravite 35.629 1.480 0.074 30.314 6.401 9.230 0.512 2.231
1128 S1 (3a)* Sigma Dravite 36.199 0.308 0.049 32.851 6.432 7.300 0.376 2.200
1491W9 (1a)* Sigma Dravite 36.283 0.427 0.082 31.699 7.361 6.290 0.528 2.057
1491W9 (1b)* Sigma Dravite 35.746 0.798 0.097 30.680 7.241 7.501 0.049 0.700 2.172 0.014
1491W9 (2a)* Sigma Dravite 36.191 0.205 0.053 32.377 6.969 6.638 0.436 2.196 0.019
1491W9 (2b)* Sigma Dravite 36.172 0.510 0.090 32.341 7.005 6.683 0.687 2.270
1491W9 (2c)* Sigma Dravite 36.210 0.405 0.061 32.632 6.940 6.765 0.561 2.187
14-DG-015 (1a) Sigma 2 Schorl (core) 35.576 0.070 0.006 32.312 0.018 3.706 10.767 0.170 1.838 0.013 0.015 0.018 0.002 0.002
14-DG-015 (1b) Sigma 2 Schorl (rim) 34.885 0.699 0.015 30.107 0.015 3.850 12.330 0.519 2.061 0.014 0.008 0.013 0.003 0.002
14-DG-015 (2a) Sigma 2 Schorl (core) 35.003 0.081 0.008 30.565 0.017 3.822 11.131 0.187 1.898 0.013 0.013 0.018 0.003 0.011
14-DG-015 (2b) Sigma 2 Schorl (rim) 34.006 0.498 0.010 29.659 0.015 3.374 12.923 0.463 1.969 0.016 0.006 0.018
96-DP-218(812) (1a)* Sigma 2 Schorl 35.444 0.777 31.086 4.620 11.127 0.493 2.180 0.014
96-DP-218(812) (1b)* Sigma 2 Schorl 35.476 0.807 0.050 30.468 4.832 11.657 0.589 2.217 0.015
96-DP-218(812) (2a)* Sigma 2 Schorl 35.286 0.784 0.046 30.880 4.477 12.252 0.565 2.079
96-DP-218(812) (2b)* Sigma 2 Schorl 35.420 0.659 0.048 30.940 4.477 12.115 0.555 2.204
96-DP-218(812) (3a)* Sigma 2 Schorl 35.242 0.691 0.074 30.854 4.480 12.232 0.474 2.233 0.015
96-DP-218(812) (3b)* Sigma 2 Schorl 35.004 0.678 30.263 4.671 12.381 0.568 2.332
96-DP-18 (1a) Siscoe Schorl (core) 35.542 0.265 0.176 31.318 5.299 8.345 0.044 2.458 0.005 0.003 0.015 0.003 0.004
96-DP-22 (1a)* Siscoe Dravite 36.390 0.323 0.306 33.564 5.994 6.684 0.153 2.453
96-DP-22 (1b)* Siscoe Dravite 35.715 1.833 0.177 30.412 4.994 10.184 0.148 2.039
96-DP-22 (1c)* Siscoe Dravite 36.012 1.234 0.212 31.364 5.697 9.017 0.241 2.156
96-DP-22 (2a)* Siscoe Dravite 36.530 0.264 0.103 34.305 5.848 7.124 0.282 1.839
96-DP-22 (2b)* Siscoe Dravite 36.471 0.211 0.180 33.220 6.469 6.795 0.290 2.094
96-DP-22 (3a)* Siscoe Dravite 36.967 0.141 0.117 34.408 6.161 6.594 0.195 2.056
96-DP-22 (3b)* Siscoe Dravite 36.444 0.176 0.120 34.575 6.016 6.736 0.240 1.811
96-DP-22 (3c)* Siscoe Dravite 36.550 0.072 0.192 33.259 5.805 7.641 0.039 1.711
96-DP-41A (1a)* Snowbank Dravite 36.218 0.411 0.115 32.381 5.337 8.767 0.110 2.014
96-DP-41A (1b)* Snowbank Dravite 36.260 0.291 0.111 32.837 5.230 8.508 0.096 1.900
96-DP-41A (2a)* Snowbank Dravite 36.411 0.415 0.103 32.777 0.078 5.403 8.524 0.097 0.125 2.158 0.462
96-DP-41A (2b)* Snowbank Dravite 36.421 0.388 0.105 32.659 5.355 8.833 0.082 0.099 2.166 0.012 0.369
TUR1-1 Till-1 Schorl 34.683 0.548 0.048 28.432 0.029 4.387 14.172 0.769 2.330 0.024 0.008 0.024 0.019 0.003
TUR1-2 Till-1 Dravite 36.354 0.255 0.020 30.670 0.025 7.721 7.237 1.194 2.342 0.026 0.001 0.022 0.009 0.019 0.005 0.001
TUR1-3 Till-1 Dravite 35.947 0.216 0.161 32.159 6.691 7.254 0.125 0.148 2.160 0.006 0.013 0.009 0.013 0.007
TUR1-4 Till-1 Dravite 35.790 0.406 0.136 30.570 0.014 7.352 7.767 0.050 0.621 2.373 0.015 0.006 0.032 0.008 0.003 0.013 0.005 0.599
TUR1-5 Till-1 Schorl 35.253 0.437 0.091 30.674 0.036 5.876 10.530 0.700 2.210 0.032 0.003 0.078 0.010 0.005
TUR1-6 Till-1 Schorl 35.074 0.264 0.074 29.345 0.048 5.498 11.839 0.777 2.301 0.024 0.001 0.018 0.016 0.002
TUR1-7 Till-1 Dravite 35.593 0.582 0.046 30.494 0.017 7.389 7.981 1.294 1.955 0.006 0.001 0.010 0.012 0.006
TUR1-8 Till-1 Dravite 35.555 0.392 0.065 30.598 0.032 6.835 8.906 0.838 2.281 0.024 0.002 0.014 0.009 0.002
TUR1-9 Till-1 Dravite 36.137 0.101 0.007 31.099 0.029 7.221 7.641 1.234 2.067 0.013 0.002 0.009 0.003 0.007 0.011
TUR1-10 Till-1 Dravite 35.558 0.502 0.124 29.555 0.040 6.910 9.072 0.166 1.159 2.152 0.017 0.006 0.018 0.011 0.007 0.004
TUR1-11 Till-1 Schorl 34.847 0.726 0.097 29.005 0.047 5.606 11.646 1.037 2.235 0.018 0.004 0.016 0.004 0.001
TUR1-12 Till-1 Dravite 35.618 0.450 0.060 29.747 0.032 6.979 8.922 0.259 0.830 2.274 0.015 0.003 0.047 0.014 0.005 0.004
TUR1-13 Till-1 Dravite 35.512 0.066 0.018 28.780 0.018 7.068 10.340 0.927 2.328 0.021 0.001 0.010 0.005 0.007 0.029
TUR1-14 Till-1 Dravite 35.965 0.347 0.067 30.689 0.031 7.379 8.059 0.086 0.956 2.294 0.032 0.001 0.008 0.025 0.002 0.001 0.011
TUR1-15 Till-1 Dravite 35.838 0.127 0.051 31.581 0.032 6.611 8.392 0.749 2.267 0.018 0.001 0.014 0.005 0.015
TUR1-16 Till-1 Dravite 35.837 0.378 0.116 32.337 5.860 8.207 0.097 0.185 2.197 0.006 0.011 0.010 0.002 0.012 0.004 0.005
TUR1-17 Till-1 Dravite 35.994 0.542 0.134 31.964 6.454 7.652 0.416 2.043 0.007 0.005 0.011 0.017 0.006
TUR1-18 Till-1 Dravite 35.743 0.260 0.098 30.899 0.012 7.352 7.404 0.317 2.446 0.019 0.008 0.022 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.006
TUR1-19 Till-2 Dravite 35.797 0.191 0.068 31.016 0.007 7.331 7.150 0.249 2.283 0.015 0.007 0.013 0.006 0.002 0.004
TUR1-20 Till-2 Dravite 35.272 0.290 0.067 29.226 0.028 6.740 9.940 0.810 2.453 0.024 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.003 0.014
TUR1-21 Till-2 Dravite 36.044 0.528 0.100 30.711 0.010 7.194 7.882 0.410 2.402 0.014 0.009 0.025 0.008 0.004 0.033

99
Sample number Location Mineral SiO2 TiO2 V2O3 Al2O3 MnO MgO FeO Cr2O3 CaO Na2O K2O Sc Sr Zn Cu Ni Co Cl F
TUR1-22 Till-2 Dravite 35.788 0.522 0.087 30.161 0.011 7.315 8.099 0.594 2.309 0.018 0.007 0.044 0.010 0.017 0.020
TUR1-23 Till-2 Dravite 35.697 0.265 0.085 30.335 0.012 7.244 8.102 0.343 2.524 0.018 0.007 0.023 0.005 0.024
TUR1-24 Till-2 Schorl 34.657 0.397 0.026 28.751 0.044 4.623 13.929 0.648 2.342 0.024 0.002 0.005 0.016 0.013
TUR1-25 Till-2 Schorl 34.800 1.071 0.070 28.371 0.039 5.941 11.643 1.043 2.093 0.015 0.004 0.020 0.015 0.003
TUR1-26 Till-2 Dravite 35.904 0.581 0.089 30.735 0.008 7.161 7.797 0.541 2.302 0.013 0.005 0.032 0.004 0.002 0.006 0.050
TUR1-27 Till-2 Schorl 35.154 0.339 0.056 32.080 4.626 9.387 0.218 1.877 0.007 0.004 0.020 0.003
TUR1-28 Till-2 Dravite 35.440 0.437 0.099 31.302 0.016 5.734 9.066 0.542 2.037 0.006 0.005 0.008 0.009 0.014
TUR1-29 Till-2 Dravite 35.467 0.491 0.098 30.171 0.054 7.190 8.004 0.101 1.206 2.173 0.008 0.006 0.050 0.005 0.010 0.004 0.002
TUR1-30 Till-2 Schorl 35.238 0.206 0.099 30.183 0.007 5.423 10.621 0.124 2.466 0.010 0.008 0.018 0.013 0.005
TUR1-31 Till-2 Schorl 35.215 0.146 0.007 30.249 0.033 5.848 10.464 0.883 2.205 0.019 0.003 0.010 0.002 0.006
TUR1-33 Till-2 Dravite 35.965 0.322 0.070 31.874 0.027 8.587 4.752 0.056 0.330 2.746 0.008 0.020 0.010 0.005 0.012 0.004
TUR1-34 Till-2 Dravite 35.501 0.449 0.124 30.784 0.015 6.139 9.491 0.516 2.171 0.008 0.006 0.018 0.008 0.002 0.020
TUR1-35 Till-2 Dravite 35.716 0.308 0.088 30.285 0.027 7.142 7.874 1.049 2.218 0.017 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.014 0.006
TUR1-36 Till-2 Dravite 35.870 0.317 0.062 31.006 0.009 7.359 7.569 0.541 2.379 0.022 0.005 0.046 0.006 0.006 0.024 0.014
TUR1-37 Till-2 Dravite 35.499 0.272 0.041 30.703 0.033 6.832 8.075 0.902 2.237 0.020 0.008 0.013 0.006 0.002
TUR1-38 Till-2 Schorl 35.290 0.197 0.087 29.408 0.049 6.050 10.948 0.038 0.787 2.402 0.023 0.002 0.011 0.005 0.006 0.021
TUR1-39 Till-2 Schorl 35.098 0.844 0.088 29.036 0.033 6.129 10.715 0.888 2.204 0.020 0.010 0.027 0.009 0.008
TUR1-40 Till-2 Schorl 35.226 0.223 0.014 27.958 0.013 6.984 11.053 1.028 2.302 0.024 0.003 0.055 0.011 0.004 0.006
TUR1-41 Till-2 Dravite 35.742 0.263 0.034 32.399 0.007 6.304 8.124 0.282 2.103 0.010 0.003 0.014 0.016 0.016
TUR1-42 Till-2 Dravite 36.269 0.107 0.076 31.272 0.008 7.530 7.192 0.179 2.161 0.011 0.019 0.009 0.002
TUR1-43 Till-2 Dravite 35.283 1.385 0.046 28.450 0.036 7.084 9.369 1.570 1.953 0.019 0.009 0.008 0.005
TUR1-44 Till-2 Dravite 35.526 0.468 0.094 29.602 0.016 7.709 7.608 0.368 0.926 2.305 0.017 0.007 0.018 0.003 0.022 0.006
TUR1-45 Till-2 Dravite 35.473 0.319 0.069 30.021 0.014 6.927 8.824 0.179 0.444 2.334 0.018 0.007 0.016 0.007 0.015 0.005
TUR1-46 Till-2 Dravite 35.561 0.322 0.059 29.601 0.034 6.867 9.263 0.089 0.903 2.275 0.028 0.010 0.008 0.017 0.007 0.012
TUR1-47 Till-2 Dravite 35.204 0.640 0.047 30.527 0.041 6.835 8.460 1.148 2.108 0.015 0.001 0.010 0.010 0.006 0.017
TUR1-48 Till-2 Dravite 35.301 0.675 0.067 29.570 0.047 6.581 9.335 1.377 2.133 0.017 0.004 0.006 0.015 0.004 0.001 0.011
TUR1-49 Till-2 Dravite 35.654 0.374 0.077 29.957 0.036 6.879 8.293 0.614 1.002 2.227 0.013 0.002 0.010 0.079 0.007 0.002
TUR1-51 Till-2 Schorl 34.701 0.647 0.003 28.799 0.020 6.315 11.014 0.794 2.231 0.018 0.002 0.055 0.026 0.029
TUR1-52 Till-2 Dravite 35.697 0.464 0.059 30.093 0.018 8.335 6.549 0.437 2.587 0.011 0.004 0.068 0.003 0.010 0.006 0.062
TUR1-53 Till-2 Schorl 34.120 0.897 0.015 28.349 0.030 4.599 13.618 0.875 2.146 0.024 0.001 0.020 0.024 0.003 0.022
TUR1-54 Till-2 Dravite 35.808 0.070 0.065 32.227 0.009 7.131 7.033 0.114 1.840 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.004 0.003
TUR1-55 Till-2 Dravite 35.283 0.574 0.131 29.174 0.013 7.267 8.353 0.553 2.438 0.017 0.012 0.024 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.030
TUR1-56 Till-2 Dravite 35.482 0.340 0.048 32.108 0.010 6.117 8.129 0.396 2.141 0.008 0.002 0.015 0.013 0.007 0.002 0.020
TUR1-57 Till-2 Dravite 35.471 0.195 0.068 31.277 6.506 8.040 0.288 2.199 0.007 0.005 0.010 0.004
TUR1-58 Till-2 Schorl 34.962 0.663 0.130 28.050 0.021 7.041 10.378 1.134 2.152 0.023 0.001 0.006 0.003 0.006 0.005 0.001
TUR1-59 Till-2 Dravite 35.353 0.650 0.132 31.244 0.025 8.836 4.614 1.489 1.925 0.022 0.002 0.009 0.007 0.005
TUR1-60 Till-3 Dravite 35.386 0.286 0.052 29.302 0.010 6.763 9.638 0.770 2.377 0.026 0.005 0.022 0.014 0.013 0.008 0.025
TUR1-61 Till-3 Dravite 35.363 0.355 0.075 30.448 0.034 7.511 7.316 0.313 1.058 2.144 0.016 0.004 0.006 0.023 0.006
TUR1-62 Till-3 Dravite 35.186 0.972 0.066 28.845 0.029 8.054 8.030 0.083 1.335 2.095 0.019 0.002 0.035 0.008 0.016 0.003
TUR1-63 Till-3 Schorl 34.621 0.568 0.079 30.312 0.010 5.667 10.283 0.526 2.143 0.011 0.003 0.056 0.010 0.011 0.005 0.017
TUR1-64 Till-3 Schorl 34.712 0.612 0.103 28.900 0.025 6.159 10.924 0.828 2.282 0.016 0.003 0.015 0.002 0.004 0.025
TUR1-65 Till-3 Schorl 34.613 0.437 0.054 28.107 0.022 6.651 11.053 0.040 0.674 2.374 0.030 0.003 0.121 0.014 0.008 0.006 0.037
TUR1-66 Till-3 Schorl 34.444 0.551 0.071 27.179 0.034 6.475 10.983 0.046 1.206 2.209 0.015 0.001 0.026 0.009 0.004 0.005
TUR1-68 Till-3 Dravite 34.963 0.412 0.083 29.805 0.038 7.420 8.388 1.041 2.310 0.017 0.002 0.026 0.010 0.004 0.008 0.021
TUR1-69 Till-3 Dravite 35.361 0.153 0.055 32.902 0.018 6.356 6.984 0.447 1.534 0.007 0.004 0.019 0.007 0.007 0.014
TUR1-70 Till-3 Dravite 34.578 0.648 0.051 30.050 0.023 6.816 8.730 0.931 2.116 0.013 0.010 0.013 0.009 0.004 0.006
TUR1-71 Till-3 Dravite 35.487 0.213 0.021 31.170 0.052 6.893 7.735 0.969 2.215 0.017 0.003 0.010 0.008 0.004
TUR1-72 Till-3 Dravite 35.196 0.695 0.108 29.842 0.007 6.995 8.297 0.062 0.440 2.451 0.018 0.005 0.021 0.011 0.008 0.004 0.034
TUR1-73 Till-3 Schorl 34.427 0.219 0.142 27.586 0.032 5.356 13.097 0.673 2.447 0.022 0.005 0.016
TUR2-1 Till-4 Dravite 36.791 0.102 0.250 33.848 7.208 5.053 0.048 2.347 0.003 0.006 0.049 0.017 0.006 0.006 0.012
TUR2-2 Till-4 Dravite 35.363 0.380 0.044 30.375 0.023 7.124 8.203 1.218 2.139 0.014 0.002 0.011 0.017 0.006
TUR2-3 Till-4 Dravite 35.423 0.841 0.095 29.954 0.008 5.934 10.115 0.341 2.169 0.008 0.007 0.010 0.006 0.005 0.013

100
 Sample number Location Mineral SiO2 TiO2 V2O3 Al2O3 MnO MgO FeO Cr2O3 CaO Na2O K2O Sc Sr Zn Cu Ni Co Cl F
TUR2-5 Till-4 Schorl 34.431 1.090 0.090 30.787 0.014 3.599 12.485 0.744 1.848 0.012 0.003 0.023 0.002 0.004 0.039
TUR2-6 Till-4 Dravite 35.875 0.389 0.032 30.675 0.038 7.539 7.254 1.241 2.063 0.021 0.001 0.012 0.009 0.011 0.004
TUR2-7 Till-4 Schorl 35.385 0.367 0.096 30.164 0.033 5.718 10.531 0.600 2.404 0.019 0.005 0.010 0.002 0.003 0.013
TUR2-8 Till-4 Dravite 35.502 0.856 0.046 29.337 0.052 6.305 9.773 1.078 2.084 0.015 0.001 0.009 0.012 0.007 0.007 0.004 0.014
TUR2-9 Till-4 Dravite 36.372 0.420 0.145 32.350 7.165 6.174 0.050 0.405 2.139 0.008 0.011 0.007 0.004 0.014 0.003
TUR2-10 Till-4 Dravite 35.141 0.571 0.060 30.626 0.057 5.818 9.975 0.901 2.182 0.023 0.002 0.035 0.007 0.005 0.004
TUR2-11 Till-4 Dravite 35.657 0.117 0.035 32.660 5.853 8.005 0.084 1.928 0.005 0.004 0.016 0.036 0.007 0.002
TUR2-12 Till-4 Schorl 34.990 0.318 0.091 29.570 0.030 5.746 11.212 0.771 2.384 0.018 0.002 0.009 0.013 0.005
TUR2-13 Till-4 Dravite 35.215 0.372 0.108 30.864 0.012 7.061 7.917 0.351 2.462 0.019 0.008 0.028 0.004 0.003 0.016
TUR2-14 Till-4 Dravite 35.317 0.361 0.110 30.421 0.010 6.962 8.540 0.433 2.419 0.016 0.007 0.022 0.007 0.002 0.011 0.015
TUR2-15 Till-4 Dravite 35.425 0.467 0.171 30.070 0.017 6.858 8.571 0.313 0.800 2.219 0.021 0.003 0.007 0.013 0.024 0.008 0.027
TUR2-16 Till-4 Dravite 35.988 0.267 0.094 30.678 0.014 6.988 7.652 0.321 2.379 0.023 0.008 0.028 0.007 0.002 0.002
TUR2-18 Till-4 Schorl 35.131 0.516 0.095 29.897 0.010 4.944 11.708 0.134 2.369 0.007 0.008 0.010 0.005 0.002 0.012
TUR2-19 Till-5 Dravite 35.748 0.056 0.062 32.974 6.118 6.938 0.155 0.135 1.715 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.031 0.005 0.001
TUR2-20 Till-5 Dravite 35.092 0.751 0.070 28.695 0.015 7.931 9.190 1.677 1.887 0.012 0.001 0.004 0.006 0.002 0.002
TUR2-21 Till-5 Dravite 35.011 0.602 0.060 27.040 0.012 8.650 9.195 0.251 1.040 2.185 0.010 0.001 0.199 0.029 0.024 0.005 0.018
TUR2-22 Till-5 Dravite 35.538 0.480 0.074 30.520 0.021 6.932 7.957 0.818 2.237 0.017 0.001 0.008 0.006 0.011 0.007 0.001
TUR2-23 Till-5 Dravite 35.537 0.084 0.046 31.800 0.009 6.451 8.151 0.116 1.967 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.002
TUR2-24 Till-5 Schorl 33.801 0.882 0.020 26.388 0.053 3.537 17.012 0.645 2.418 0.040 0.017 0.076 0.031 0.002 0.004 0.001
TUR2-26 Till-5 Schorl 35.166 0.706 0.057 28.846 0.018 6.056 11.395 0.734 2.464 0.031 0.001 0.017 0.007 0.004 0.004
TUR2-27 Till-5 Dravite 35.592 0.196 0.069 32.361 0.012 6.376 7.756 0.281 2.162 0.010 0.004 0.010 0.011 0.004 0.005 0.012
TUR2-28 Till-5 Schorl 34.684 0.233 0.048 27.591 0.031 6.239 12.226 0.971 2.231 0.033 0.009 0.041 0.020 0.004 0.004 0.013
TUR2-29 Till-5 Dravite 35.356 0.607 0.069 33.475 0.020 6.860 5.888 0.080 0.508 2.105 0.021 0.002 0.011 0.013 0.002
TUR2-30 Till-5 Schorl 35.213 0.295 0.042 30.329 0.007 5.649 10.863 0.175 2.423 0.009 0.001 0.005
TUR2-31 Till-5 Dravite 35.441 0.230 0.045 31.052 0.034 7.610 6.899 1.237 1.985 0.011 0.007 0.012 0.004 0.013
TUR2-32 Till-5 Dravite 34.803 0.575 0.038 28.024 0.026 7.283 9.487 1.381 2.001 0.022 0.045 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.018
TUR2-33 Till-5 Schorl 34.309 0.495 0.141 27.486 0.038 6.481 12.065 0.182 0.925 2.375 0.027 0.005 0.005 0.009 0.013 0.006
TUR2-34 Till-5 Dravite 34.875 0.670 0.059 29.677 0.046 6.370 9.578 1.321 2.074 0.015 0.002 0.008 0.005
TUR2-35 Till-5 Dravite 35.410 0.475 0.114 29.951 0.028 7.011 7.597 0.171 0.996 2.252 0.016 0.005 0.007 0.014 0.005 0.002
TUR2-36 Till-5 Dravite 35.371 0.334 0.033 32.064 0.038 7.413 6.415 0.094 1.018 2.155 0.028 0.001 0.008 0.002 0.013 0.004
TUR2-37 Till-5 Dravite 35.280 1.094 0.113 29.667 0.007 6.662 9.008 0.399 2.363 0.012 0.010 0.042 0.013 0.003 0.021 0.006 0.030
TUR2-38 Till-5 Schorl 34.733 1.110 0.113 28.197 5.758 11.996 0.805 2.273 0.006 0.013 0.037 0.014 0.003 0.022 0.005 0.002
TUR2-39 Till-5 Schorl 34.479 0.854 0.046 27.467 0.031 6.757 10.128 1.487 2.066 0.015 0.009 0.004 0.023
TUR2-40 Till-5 Dravite 34.969 0.592 0.064 33.610 0.020 6.738 5.869 0.158 0.558 2.139 0.030 0.003 0.015 0.003 0.011 0.004 0.001
TUR2-41 Till-5 Dravite 35.157 0.702 0.032 31.341 0.012 7.017 7.259 0.503 2.257 0.012 0.004 0.011 0.034 0.003 0.004 0.029
TUR2-42 Till-5 Dravite 35.870 0.379 0.062 30.443 0.024 8.032 6.199 0.073 1.092 2.161 0.014 0.001 0.008 0.014 0.004
TUR2-43 Till-5 Dravite 34.628 0.741 0.094 28.459 0.014 7.876 8.721 0.046 1.538 1.989 0.013 0.006 0.003 0.010 0.006
TUR2-44 Till-5 Dravite 35.298 0.206 0.065 30.986 0.031 6.928 7.553 0.985 2.223 0.016 0.001 0.014 0.004 0.005
TUR2-45 Till-5 Schorl 35.566 0.104 0.195 32.623 0.016 4.988 9.239 0.297 1.499 0.007 0.008 0.010 0.014 0.010
TUR2-46 Till-5 Schorl 35.048 0.428 0.062 29.291 0.011 6.107 10.814 0.533 2.346 0.021 0.006 0.037 0.008 0.003 0.006
TUR2-47 Till-5 Schorl 35.061 0.224 0.049 29.586 0.048 5.588 10.990 0.098 0.414 2.390 0.011 0.002 0.023 0.012 0.006 0.001
TUR2-48 Till-5 Schorl 35.019 0.629 0.014 28.897 0.018 5.761 10.750 0.823 2.197 0.015 0.003 0.021 0.023 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.027
TUR2-49 Till-5 Dravite 35.540 0.320 0.089 31.700 0.025 6.570 7.119 0.059 0.361 2.171 0.012 0.003 0.006 0.013 0.007 0.002
TUR2-51 Till-5 Dravite 35.194 0.377 0.094 29.621 0.037 7.170 9.117 1.095 2.214 0.023 0.002 0.036 0.009 0.007 0.004 0.016
TUR2-52 Till-5 Dravite 34.665 0.710 0.086 30.245 0.015 7.647 7.638 1.279 2.059 0.007 0.002 0.007 0.009 0.005
TUR2-54 Till-5 Dravite 35.393 0.175 0.005 30.585 0.026 6.510 8.889 0.703 2.364 0.016 0.001 0.015 0.002 0.002 0.005
TUR2-55 Till-5 Dravite 35.139 1.031 0.141 28.630 0.036 7.180 9.016 0.096 1.070 2.200 0.025 0.011 0.119 0.007 0.012 0.002 0.021
* Dupuis, unpublished data

101
Appendix VIII: Electron probe micro-analysis data
Table 2: EPMA analyses of scheelites (wt%)
Sample number Location Mineral CaO WO3 Fe Mo Sr Y Na
94-GB-15A (L1) Sigma Scheelite 19.701 79.243 0.005 0.016
94-GB-15A (L2) Sigma Scheelite 19.526 78.469 0.046 0.019
94-GB-15A (L3) Sigma Scheelite 19.579 78.199 0.004 0.017
96-DP-162 (L1 ) Beaufor Scheelite 19.453 78.934 0.014 0.015 0.015
96-DP-162 (L2) Beaufor Scheelite 19.318 79.073 0.014 0.007 0.015
96-DP-162 (L3) Beaufor Scheelite 19.537 78.889 0.010 0.027 0.026 0.014
96-DP-162 (L4) Beaufor Scheelite 19.390 78.925 0.015 0.097 0.019
B580-15 (L1) Beaufor Scheelite 19.429 78.430 0.023 0.018 0.024
B580-15 (L2) Beaufor Scheelite 19.385 78.719 0.005 0.011 0.016
B580-15 (L3) Beaufor Scheelite 19.300 78.437 0.028 0.036 0.040
B580-15 (L4) Beaufor Scheelite 19.303 78.916 0.040 0.021
P124554 (1) Lamaque Sud Scheelite 19.250 79.648 0.008 0.051 0.039
P124554 (2) Lamaque Sud Scheelite 19.275 79.023 0.011 0.033 0.027 0.080
Sch-1 (2) Till-2 Scheelite 19.600 80.816 0.012 0.024
Sch-1 (5) Till-2 Scheelite 19.451 81.067 0.016 0.028
Sch-1 (8) Till-3 Scheelite 19.595 81.057 0.020 0.014

102
Appendix VIII: Electron probe micro-analysis data
Table 3: EPMA analyses of magnetites (wt%)
Sample number Location Mineral V Cr Zn Cu Ni Mn K Sn Ca Ti Al Si Mg P
B637-7 (3) Beaufor Magnetite 0.022 0.009 0.009 0.003 0.021 0.067 0.033
B637-7 (2) Beaufor Magnetite 0.008 0.011 0.002 0.002 0.025 0.047 0.011 0.005
B637-7 (1) Beaufor Magnetite 0.006 0.011 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.051 0.011 0.004
C20-25 (1) Beaufor Magnetite 0.184 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.007
C20-25 (2) Beaufor Magnetite 0.183 0.010 0.004 0.008 0.003
C20-250 (3) Beaufor Magnetite 0.195 0.015 0.005 0.010 0.008
X3 (1) Beaufor Magnetite 0.170 0.108 0.015 0.010 0.026 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.003
X3 (2) Beaufor Magnetite 0.170 0.184 0.016 0.016 0.032 0.003 0.043
X3 (3) Beaufor Magnetite 0.166 0.067 0.032 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.003
96-DP-120 (1) Bloc Sud Magnetite 0.514 0.014 0.011 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.060 0.006
96-DP-120 (2) Bloc Sud Magnetite 0.516 0.015 0.010 0.004 0.010 0.021 0.015 0.024 0.088 0.017
96-DP-120 (3) Bloc Sud Magnetite 0.505 0.015 0.005 0.015 0.003 0.066 0.005 0.003
G-47638 (1) Goldex Magnetite 0.013 0.009 0.007 0.006 0.006 1.137 0.084 0.007
G-47638 (2a) Goldex Magnetite 0.006 0.016 0.312 0.012 0.003
G-47638 (2b) Goldex Magnetite 0.006 0.006 0.002 0.696 0.015 0.007
Mag-8 (8) Goldex Magnetite 0.663 3.241 0.063 0.130 0.003 0.067 0.194 0.008 0.018
Mag-8 (9) Goldex Magnetite 0.511 0.285 0.013 0.039 0.018 0.094 0.008 0.015
Mag-8 (11) Goldex Magnetite 0.505 0.309 0.038 0.005 0.027 0.086 0.006 0.010 0.004
Mag-8 (12) Goldex Magnetite 0.745 0.365 0.053 0.007 0.040 0.074 0.012 0.004
Mag-8 (15) Goldex Magnetite 0.495 0.632 0.024 0.013 0.051 0.015 0.024 0.004
Mag-8 (16) Goldex Magnetite 0.500 0.452 0.015 0.044 0.007 0.011 0.090 0.006 0.023
Mag-8 (17) Goldex Magnetite 0.040 0.042 0.010 0.013 0.179 0.007 0.006 0.006 1.799 0.802 0.017 0.093 0.005
GAL-29E (1a) Lac Herbin Hematite 0.004 0.248 0.129 0.993 0.741
GAL-29E (1b) Lac Herbin Hematite 0.010 0.016 2.018 0.791 0.227 0.120 0.006
GAL-29E (2) Lac Herbin Hematite 0.007 0.007 0.717 0.008 0.102 0.086
Metanor (1a) Vein No. 5 Hematite 0.211 0.001 0.018 0.004 0.024 0.010 0.182 0.052 0.044 0.013
Metanor (1b) Vein No. 5 Hematite 0.116 0.004 0.036 0.002 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.186 0.058 0.087 0.030
Metanor (2a) Vein No. 5 Hematite 0.091 0.044 0.010 0.014 0.107 0.034 0.004 0.006
Metanor (2b) Vein No. 5 Hematite 0.106 0.101 0.015 0.142 0.047 0.007 0.005
Metanor (3a) Vein No. 5 Hematite 0.082 0.010 0.007 0.002 0.019 0.124 0.053 0.007 0.008
Metanor (3b) Vein No. 5 Hematite 0.088 0.074 0.026 0.002 0.009 0.200 0.090 0.005
Metanor (4a) Vein No. 5 Hematite 0.080 0.024 0.002 0.015 0.003 0.092 0.086 0.033 0.011
Metanor (4b) Vein No. 5 Hematite 0.078 0.003 0.029 0.020 0.012 0.070 0.087 0.061 0.016
Mag-8 (1p) Sigma Magnetite 0.046 0.033 0.094 0.027 0.006 0.003 0.837 0.358 0.012 0.019
Mag-8 (2p) Sigma Magnetite 0.036 0.059 0.163 0.006 0.015 1.604 0.540 0.027 0.049
Mag-8 (6p) Sigma Magnetite 0.041 0.040 0.011 0.009 0.188 0.025 0.050 1.562 0.781 0.030 0.054
Mag-8 (7) Sigma Magnetite 0.039 0.059 0.099 0.006 0.005 1.137 0.462 0.024 0.027
Mag-1 (1) Till-1 Magnetite 0.097 0.025 0.031 0.008 0.064 0.007 0.096 0.476 0.758 0.036 0.002
Mag-1 (5) Till-1 Magnetite 0.019 0.011 0.016 0.011 0.070 0.039 0.003 0.025 0.008
Mag-1 (8p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.187 0.022 0.008 0.022 0.007 0.145 0.022 0.009 0.018 0.005
Mag-1 (9p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.013 0.007 0.032 0.004 0.015 0.004 0.151 0.003
Mag-1 (14p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.706 0.023 0.012 0.010 0.043 0.053 0.266 0.011 0.028 0.005
Mag-1 (13) Till-1 Magnetite 0.013 0.014 0.017 0.090 0.014 0.104 0.200 0.294 0.039
Mag-1 (10) Till-1 Magnetite 0.276 0.089 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.008 0.026 0.237 0.007
Mag-1 (21) Till-1 Magnetite 0.161 0.240 0.029 0.033 0.011 0.024 0.004 0.004 0.003
Mag-1 (22) Till-1 Magnetite 0.301 3.957 0.014 0.062 0.035 0.011 0.034 0.083 0.014 0.021 0.006
Mag-1 (24) Till-1 Magnetite 0.069 0.008 0.037 0.004 0.045 0.009 0.006 0.010
Mag-1 (25p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.067 0.017 0.046 0.012 0.101 0.015 0.016 0.087

103
Sample number Location Mineral V Cr Zn Cu Ni Mn K Sn Ca Ti Al Si Mg P
Mag-1 (26) Till-1 Magnetite 0.136 0.005 0.007 0.002 0.020 0.055 0.020
Mag-1 (27p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.113 0.019 0.019 0.130 0.042 0.026 0.288 0.104
Mag-1 (36) Till-1 Magnetite 0.202 0.310 0.016 0.022 0.020 0.004 0.020 0.024 0.003 0.012
Mag-1 (34p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.744 0.062 0.014 0.009 0.144 0.021 0.035 0.118 0.027 0.052
Mag-1 (31) Till-1 Magnetite 0.259 0.134 0.036 0.005 0.034 0.010 0.009
Mag-1 (37p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.061 0.850 0.127 0.019 0.002 0.143 0.007 0.037 0.012
Mag-1 (38) Till-1 Magnetite 0.007 0.016 0.104 0.010 0.015 0.010 0.011
Mag-1 (39) Till-1 Magnetite 1.178 0.032 0.052 0.078 0.007 0.058 0.880 0.008
Mag-1 (40) Till-1 Magnetite 0.052 0.021 0.011 0.024 0.005 0.042 0.736 0.003 0.008 0.004
Mag-1 (41) Till-1 Magnetite 0.203 0.008 0.013 0.041 0.007 0.125 0.149 0.023
Mag-1 (43) Till-1 Magnetite 0.125 0.007 0.007 0.005 0.003 0.029 0.014 0.023
Mag-1 (44p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.053 0.007 0.012 0.022 0.014 0.044 0.133 0.025
Mag-1 (45p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.130 0.054 0.010 0.125 0.028 0.013 0.358 0.029 0.045 1.788 0.963 0.004
Mag-1 (54p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.129 2.628 0.012 0.078 0.027 0.008 0.122 0.003 0.018 0.004
Mag-1 (53) Till-1 Magnetite 0.226 0.007 0.006 0.022 0.036 0.020 0.010 0.003
Mag-1 (52) Till-1 Magnetite 0.082 0.083 0.016 0.041 0.006 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.008 0.004
Mag-1 (46) Till-1 Magnetite 0.120 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.030 0.002 0.038 0.051 0.011
Mag-1 (55) Till-1 Magnetite 0.015 0.034 0.008 0.022 0.074 0.021 0.093 0.014
Mag-1 (57) Till-1 Magnetite 0.027 2.439 0.097 0.053 0.008 0.006 1.863 0.008 0.055 5.219 4.115
Mag-1 (58) Till-1 Magnetite 0.226 0.010 0.016 0.029 0.032 0.003 0.198 0.015 0.017 0.012 0.003
Mag-1 (59) Till-1 Magnetite 0.237 0.041 0.013 0.024 0.010 0.039 0.038 0.123 0.006
Mag-1 (62) Till-1 Magnetite 0.009 0.007 0.006 0.050 0.086 0.033
Mag-1 (72) Till-1 Magnetite 0.007 0.019 0.004 0.131 0.020 0.008
Mag-1 (69) Till-1 Magnetite 0.055 0.044 0.016 0.039 0.011 0.009 0.066 0.039 0.030 0.004
Mag-1 (68) Till-1 Magnetite 0.096 0.652 0.045 0.021 0.008 0.101 0.063 0.036 0.014 0.004
Mag-1 (67) Till-1 Magnetite 0.046 0.015 0.040 0.131 0.055 0.080 0.023 0.003
Mag-1 (66) Till-1 Magnetite 0.261 0.007 0.007 0.010 0.021 0.063 0.032 0.011 0.018 0.003 0.003
Mag-1 (64) Till-1 Magnetite 0.026 0.009 0.007 0.274 0.047 0.133 0.486 0.061 0.004
Mag-1 (76p) Till-1 Magnetite 0.154 4.167 0.136 0.056 0.402 0.011 0.006 1.261 0.010 0.863 1.129 0.008 0.005
Mag-1 (78) Till-1 Magnetite 0.262 0.281 0.011 0.033 0.014 0.044 0.166 0.008
Mag-1 (88) Till-1 Magnetite 0.662 0.012 0.018 0.043 0.253 0.004 0.023
Mag-1 (87) Till-1 Magnetite 0.192 0.016 0.017 0.014 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.004
Mag-1 (84) Till-1 Magnetite 0.326 0.010 0.017 0.003 0.033 0.356 0.003 0.025 0.003
Mag-1 (82) Till-1 Magnetite 0.190 0.013 0.018 0.002 0.012 0.194 0.361 0.069 0.003
Mag-2 (3p) Till-2 Magnetite 0.031 0.028 0.015 0.033 0.006 0.098 0.033
Mag-2 (5) Till-2 Magnetite 0.353 0.031 0.013 0.007 0.013 0.024 0.172 0.013 0.005
Mag-2 (6) Till-2 Magnetite 0.133 3.755 0.073 0.047 0.003 0.065 0.003 0.009
Mag-2 (8) Till-2 Magnetite 0.178 0.009 0.021 0.016 0.006 0.006 0.025 0.006
Mag-2 (9) Till-2 Magnetite 0.227 0.010 0.007 0.039 0.018 0.007 0.018 0.004
Mag-2 (10) Till-2 Magnetite 0.078 0.010 0.027 0.003 0.009 0.019 0.032 0.003 0.003
Mag-2 (19) Till-2 Magnetite 0.023 0.006 0.039 0.747 0.004 0.016 0.005
Mag-2 (18) Till-2 Magnetite 0.078 0.119 0.002 0.036 0.080 0.011 0.009 0.004
Mag-2 (17) Till-2 Magnetite 0.012 0.008 0.053 0.004 0.007 0.171 0.038 0.051
Mag-2 (16) Till-2 Magnetite 0.115 0.026 0.018 0.005 0.004 0.009 0.009 0.156 0.074
Mag-2 (15) Till-2 Magnetite 0.240 0.003 0.010 0.003 0.006 0.015 0.005
Mag-2 (14) Till-2 Magnetite 0.073 0.016 0.016 0.028 0.007 0.087 0.016 0.012
Mag-2 (13) Till-2 Magnetite 0.084 0.082 0.011 0.081 0.005 0.005 0.023 0.035 0.024
Mag-2 (12) Till-2 Magnetite 0.847 0.033 0.009 0.010 0.034 0.183 0.009 0.012 0.002
Mag-2 (11) Till-2 Magnetite 0.150 0.022 0.026 0.006 0.033 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.005
Mag-2 (21) Till-2 Magnetite 0.312 0.010 0.009 0.014 0.018 0.074 0.010
Mag-2 (24) Till-2 Magnetite 0.199 0.009 0.020 0.033 0.015 0.011 0.003
Mag-2 (26) Till-2 Magnetite 0.106 0.034 0.003 0.007 0.020

104
Sample number Location Mineral V Cr Zn Cu Ni Mn K Sn Ca Ti Al Si Mg P
Mag-2 (27p) Till-2 Magnetite 0.626 2.518 0.013 0.128 0.042 0.226 0.046 0.130 0.019 0.008
Mag-2 (28) Till-2 Magnetite 0.907 0.009 0.033 0.006 0.005 0.073 0.007 0.007 0.003
Mag-2 (29) Till-2 Magnetite 0.100 0.147 0.105 0.019 0.009 0.009 0.008
Mag-2 (30) Till-2 Magnetite 0.105 0.007 0.016 0.003 0.041 0.017 0.021 0.004
Mag-2 (40) Till-2 Magnetite 0.010 0.019 0.003 0.023 0.023 0.007 0.041 0.003
Mag-2 (38) Till-2 Hematite 0.185 0.009 0.003 0.014 0.008
Mag-2 (37) Till-2 Magnetite 0.115 0.007 0.052 0.007 0.022
Mag-2 (36) Till-2 Magnetite 0.189 0.013 0.084 0.017 0.017 0.004
Mag-2 (34) Till-2 Magnetite 0.264 0.031 0.012 0.008 0.012 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.003
Mag-2 (31) Till-2 Magnetite 0.301 0.021 0.045 0.040 0.019 0.043 0.017
Mag-2 (41p) Till-2 Magnetite 0.088 0.025 0.006 0.038 0.069 0.026 0.156 0.006
Mag-2 (43) Till-2 Magnetite 0.022 0.066 0.003 0.030 1.906 0.014
Mag-2 (44) Till-2 Magnetite 0.053 0.010 0.022 0.006 0.024 0.115 0.106 0.026
Mag-2 (46) Till-2 Magnetite 0.660 0.112 0.008 0.016 0.002 0.013 0.050 0.017 0.026
Mag-2 (47) Till-2 Hematite 0.197 0.004 0.036 0.006 0.005
Mag-2 (49) Till-2 Magnetite 0.242 0.012 0.026 0.022 0.026 0.068 0.196 0.047 0.117 0.043 0.002
Mag-2 (50) Till-2 Magnetite 0.436 0.017 0.011 0.007 0.003 0.006 0.032 0.002 0.010 0.003
Mag-2 (58) Till-2 Magnetite 0.260 0.016 0.014 0.006 0.008 0.028 0.005 0.006 0.002
Mag-2 (57) Till-2 Magnetite 0.104 0.016 0.030 0.006 0.005 0.005
Mag-2 (56) Till-2 Magnetite 0.041 0.010 0.017 0.071 0.002 0.003 0.092 0.059 0.102 0.020
Mag-2 (55) Till-2 Magnetite 0.089 0.007 0.023 0.033 0.007 0.016 0.005 0.025
Mag-2 (54) Till-2 Magnetite 0.010 0.005 0.013 0.010 0.007 0.057 0.002 0.050 0.028 0.027
Mag-2 (53) Till-2 Magnetite 0.206 0.051 0.017 0.015 0.012 0.003 0.006 0.018 0.224 0.006 0.004
Mag-2 (52) Till-2 Magnetite 0.012 0.016 0.004 0.022 0.024 0.020 1.172 0.005
Mag-2 (51) Till-2 Magnetite 0.044 0.008 0.042 0.049 0.007
Mag-2 (61) Till-2 Magnetite 0.237 0.005 0.019 0.007 0.007 0.020 0.007
Mag-2 (62) Till-2 Magnetite 0.255 0.018 0.059 0.398 0.016 0.004
Mag-2 (63) Till-2 Magnetite 0.835 0.023 0.011 0.009 0.016 0.003 0.055 0.123 0.026 0.015 0.005
Mag-2 (64) Till-2 Magnetite 0.042 0.015 0.011 0.083 0.003 0.130 0.628 0.009
Mag-2 (65) Till-2 Magnetite 0.135 0.040 0.022 0.012 0.007 0.010 0.025 0.003
Mag-2 (66) Till-2 Magnetite 0.165 0.022 0.012 0.015 0.025 0.009 0.005 0.013 0.003 0.008
Mag-2 (79) Till-2 Magnetite 0.165 0.358 0.021 0.026 0.003 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.017
Mag-2 (78) Till-2 Magnetite 0.278 0.043 0.007 0.002 0.008 0.078 0.055 0.003
Mag-2 (77) Till-2 Hematite 0.204 0.186 0.017 0.026 0.096 0.006 0.005 0.013 0.015 0.005
Mag-2 (75) Till-2 Magnetite 0.140 0.079 0.048 0.013 0.002 0.006 0.011 0.012
Mag-2 (74) Till-2 Magnetite 0.015 0.021 0.003 0.043 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.003 0.033
Mag-2 (73) Till-2 Magnetite 0.006 0.012 0.011 0.004 0.025 0.111 0.013 0.030
Mag-2 (72) Till-2 Magnetite 0.120 0.013 0.009 0.008 0.004 0.016 0.250 0.075 0.029 0.007
Mag-2 (81) Till-2 Magnetite 0.850 0.024 0.012 0.002 0.012 0.183 0.008 0.039 0.006 0.004
Mag-2 (82) Till-2 Magnetite 0.033 0.010 0.005 0.083 0.025 0.004
Mag-2 (86) Till-2 Magnetite 0.141 0.215 0.046 0.015 0.009 0.051 0.037
Mag-2 (87) Till-2 Magnetite 0.131 0.013 0.029 0.003 0.008 0.006 0.052 0.004
Mag-2 (90p) Till-2 Magnetite 0.555 0.013 0.018 0.042 0.117 0.013 0.016
Mag-2 (100p) Till-2 Magnetite 0.210 0.010 0.010 0.015 0.005 0.133 0.094 0.025 0.005
Mag-2 (99) Till-2 Magnetite 0.218 0.011 0.008 0.003 0.008 0.039 0.029 0.027
Mag-2 (98) Till-2 Magnetite 0.035 0.008 0.052 0.002 0.048 0.073 0.015 0.027 0.003
Mag-2 (96) Till-2 Magnetite 0.668 0.019 0.014 0.011 0.003 0.022 0.021 0.015 0.006
Mag-2 (95) Till-2 Magnetite 0.176 0.784 0.028 0.025 0.115 0.005 0.043 0.006 0.014
Mag-2 (94) Till-2 Magnetite 0.456 0.089 0.004 0.091 0.090 0.035 0.026 0.004
Mag-2 (93) Till-2 Magnetite 0.114 0.175 0.009 0.021 0.007 0.008 0.006 0.004
Mag-2 (92) Till-2 Magnetite 0.013 0.014 0.002 0.038 0.013 0.009 0.003
Mag-2 (91) Till-2 Magnetite 0.179 0.486 0.019 0.019 0.099 0.149 0.014 0.013

105
Sample number Location Mineral V Cr Zn Cu Ni Mn K Sn Ca Ti Al Si Mg P
Mag-6 (1) Till-2 Magnetite 0.009 0.009 0.027 0.057 0.126 0.044 0.022 0.003
Mag-6 (2) Till-2 Magnetite 0.184 0.063 0.017 0.018 0.006 0.012 0.016
Mag-6 (3) Till-2 Magnetite 0.009 0.005 0.016 0.005
Mag-6 (4) Till-2 Magnetite 0.520 0.023 0.008 0.002 0.009 0.014 0.004
Mag-3 (1) Till-3 Magnetite 0.099 0.094 0.014 0.107 0.003 0.006 0.068 0.043 0.044 0.027 0.006
Mag-3 (3) Till-3 Magnetite 0.158 0.009 0.014 0.058 0.039 0.013
Mag-3 (6) Till-3 Magnetite 0.114 0.007 0.016 0.029 0.002 0.013 0.042 0.075 0.172 0.055
Mag-3 (9) Till-3 Magnetite 0.262 0.340 0.037 0.026 0.008 0.010 0.016 0.004 0.024 0.005 0.011
Mag-3 (10p) Till-3 Magnetite 0.007 0.030 0.008 0.156 0.005 0.114 0.032 0.002 0.045
Mag-3 (19) Till-3 Magnetite 0.011 0.019 0.018 0.003 0.011 0.003 0.003 0.019 0.003
Mag-3 (18p) Till-3 Magnetite 0.057 0.408 0.022 0.022 0.004 0.007 0.092 0.005 0.017
Mag-3 (16) Till-3 Magnetite 0.109 0.817 0.032 0.009 0.008 0.016 0.006 0.010 0.005
Mag-3 (12p) Till-3 Magnetite 0.107 0.041 0.011 0.008 0.055 0.126 0.038 0.029 0.004
Mag-3 (11) Till-3 Magnetite 0.809 0.039 0.020 0.006 0.077 0.160 0.014 0.013 0.061
Mag-3 (21) Till-3 Magnetite 0.054 0.018 0.005 0.008 0.026 0.046 0.017 0.031 0.064
Mag-3 (22) Till-3 Magnetite 0.005 0.013 0.020 0.004 0.008 0.138 0.298 0.013 0.004 0.004
Mag-3 (24) Till-3 Magnetite 0.329 0.009 0.013 0.009 0.062 0.159 0.257 0.106 0.298 0.056
Mag-3 (27) Till-3 Magnetite 0.180 0.085 0.018 0.016 0.006 0.108 0.041 0.014
Mag-3 (40) Till-3 Magnetite 0.440 0.012 0.009 0.009 0.002 0.010 0.028 0.015
Mag-3 (39) Till-3 Magnetite 0.016 0.008 0.009 0.016 0.011 0.012 0.003 0.026 0.020 0.010 0.091
Mag-3 (37) Till-3 Magnetite 0.305 0.014 0.017 0.035 0.003 0.013 0.010 0.035 0.010 0.095
Mag-3 (36) Till-3 Magnetite 0.117 0.008 0.011 0.006 0.032 0.006 0.012
Mag-3 (35p) Till-3 Magnetite 0.123 0.016 0.004 0.011 0.055 0.174 0.080
Mag-3 (34) Till-3 Magnetite 0.219 0.051 0.012 0.003 0.005 0.012 0.069 0.032 0.012
Mag-3 (41) Till-3 Magnetite 0.122 0.048 0.004 0.009 0.003 0.006 0.013
Mag-3 (43) Till-3 Magnetite 0.030 0.008 0.022 0.027 0.017 0.045 0.741 0.237
Mag-3 (44p) Till-3 Magnetite 0.360 0.038 0.009 0.004 0.016 0.240 0.004 0.016
Mag-3 (45) Till-3 Magnetite 0.307 0.011 0.008 0.016 0.004 0.058 0.178 0.039
Mag-3 (46p) Till-3 Magnetite 0.275 0.224 0.047 0.010 0.018 0.003 0.006 0.108 0.020 0.039 0.016
Mag-3 (48) Till-3 Magnetite 0.039 0.009 0.013 0.029 0.025 0.004 0.007 0.022 0.026 0.018 0.015 0.003 0.004
Mag-3 (49) Till-3 Magnetite 0.614 0.017 0.007 0.003 0.009 0.030 0.049 0.009 0.007 0.029
Mag-3 (59) Till-3 Magnetite 0.022 0.017 0.015 0.005 0.008 0.032 0.560 0.052 0.015 0.003
Mag-3 (58) Till-3 Magnetite 0.071 0.059 0.012 0.020 0.006 0.130 0.073 0.016
Mag-3 (57) Till-3 Magnetite 0.068 0.008 0.019 0.099 0.246 0.004 0.088
Mag-3 (56) Till-3 Magnetite 0.614 0.154 0.017 0.011 0.006 0.014 0.087 0.013 0.018 0.007
Mag-3 (55) Till-3 Magnetite 0.245 0.020 0.017 0.004 0.018 0.177 0.023 0.071 0.012
Mag-3 (54) Till-3 Magnetite 0.150 0.209 0.023 0.018 0.115 0.276 0.144 0.183 0.089 0.004
Mag-3 (53) Till-3 Magnetite 0.012 0.005 0.063 0.005 0.006 0.041 0.030 0.055 0.024
Mag-3 (52) Till-3 Magnetite 0.236 4.963 0.075 0.013 0.016 0.179 0.042 0.010 0.050 0.217 0.238 0.067 0.019
Mag-3 (51) Till-3 Magnetite 0.072 0.037 0.020 0.205 0.066 0.197 0.012
Mag-3 (61) Till-3 Magnetite 0.279 0.007 0.011 0.011 0.003 0.015 0.060 0.098 0.015 0.005
Mag-3 (62) Till-3 Magnetite 0.014 0.012 0.003 0.021 0.066 0.014 0.002
Mag-3 (63) Till-3 Magnetite 0.045 0.008 0.023 0.014 0.006 0.015 0.012 0.004
Mag-3 (64) Till-3 Magnetite 0.009 0.018 0.006 0.030 0.040 0.021 0.035
Mag-3 (65) Till-3 Magnetite 0.217 0.013 0.008 0.012 0.006 0.088 0.208 0.039 0.003
Mag-3 (66) Till-3 Magnetite 0.106 0.010 0.012 0.008 0.002 0.010 0.131 0.069 0.007 0.012
Mag-3 (67) Till-3 Magnetite 0.134 0.179 0.010 0.036 0.003 0.010 0.004 0.005
Mag-3 (69) Till-3 Magnetite 0.142 0.006 0.005 0.016 0.002 0.009 0.090
Mag-3 (78) Till-3 Magnetite 0.104 0.021 0.011 0.066 0.175 0.009 0.048 0.007
Mag-3 (76) Till-3 Magnetite 0.041 0.527 0.106 0.050 0.003 0.099 0.015 0.009
Mag-3 (74) Till-3 Magnetite 0.077 0.077 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.004 0.009 0.009 0.022 0.004
Mag-3 (72) Till-3 Magnetite 0.296 0.085 0.007 0.015 0.009 0.007 0.056 0.048 0.041 0.021

106
Sample number Location Mineral V Cr Zn Cu Ni Mn K Sn Ca Ti Al Si Mg P
Mag-3 (71) Till-3 Magnetite 0.278 0.118 0.024 0.003 0.153 0.049 0.059 0.017
Mag-3 (82) Till-3 Magnetite 0.333 0.009 0.008 0.024 0.026 0.187 0.410 0.590 1.322 0.415 0.003
Mag-3 (83) Till-3 Magnetite 0.278 0.017 0.009 0.008 0.024 0.011 0.050 0.141 0.008 0.003
Mag-3 (85) Till-3 Magnetite 0.011 0.010 0.027 0.013 0.057 0.106 0.003 0.018 0.003
Mag-3 (86p) Till-3 Magnetite 0.115 0.067 0.032 0.016 0.209 0.208 0.004 0.050 0.007 0.003
Mag-3 (87) Till-3 Magnetite 0.073 0.007 0.008 0.018 0.053 0.007 0.018 0.003
Mag-3 (88) Till-3 Magnetite 0.010 0.006 0.009 0.006 0.243 0.008 0.025 0.003
Mag-3 (90) Till-3 Magnetite 0.036 0.016 0.019 0.003 0.006 0.017 0.177 0.027 0.003
Mag-3 (96) Till-3 Magnetite 0.240 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.003 0.057 0.237 0.037 0.024
Mag-3 (92p) Till-3 Magnetite 0.075 0.922 0.032 0.023 0.012 0.005 0.081 0.050 0.010 0.041 0.005 0.003
Mag-3 (91p) Till-3 Magnetite 0.099 0.356 0.030 0.046 0.010 0.192 0.279 0.108 0.173 0.111 0.002
Mag-6 (9) Till-3 Magnetite 0.134 1.202 0.024 0.039 0.024 0.020 0.026 0.013 0.008
Mag-6 (10) Till-3 Magnetite 0.330 0.394 0.019 0.003 0.004 0.130 0.009 0.010 0.007
Mag-6 (11) Till-3 Magnetite 0.190 0.020 0.017 0.019 0.033 0.048 0.010 0.002
Mag-6 (16p) Till-3 Magnetite 0.097 0.842 0.011 0.034 0.002 0.028 0.002 0.025
Mag-6 (15) Till-3 Magnetite 0.013 0.029 0.010 0.030 0.009 0.107 0.578 0.003 0.036
Mag-6 (12) Till-3 Magnetite 0.227 0.278 0.009 0.020 0.120 0.004 0.082 0.052 0.027 0.007 0.004
Mag-6 (17) Till-3 Magnetite 0.019 0.024 0.025 0.593 0.004 0.015
Mag-4 (2p) Till-4 Magnetite 0.161 0.014 0.023 0.005 0.075 0.005 0.025 0.003
Mag-4 (4) Till-4 Magnetite 0.101 0.005 0.013 0.021 0.014 0.176 0.023 0.017
Mag-4 (6) Till-4 Magnetite 0.256 0.010 0.012 0.013 0.022 0.040 0.029 0.047 0.139 0.096 0.477 0.131
Mag-4 (7p) Till-4 Magnetite 0.086 0.060 0.023 0.003 0.429 0.739 0.032
Mag-4 (8) Till-4 Magnetite 0.079 0.054 0.085 0.021 0.004 0.011 0.098 0.105 0.011
Mag-4 (9) Till-4 Magnetite 0.288 0.013 0.011 0.026 0.005 0.019 0.004
Mag-4 (10) Till-4 Magnetite 0.805 0.043 0.013 0.008 0.011 0.020 0.022 0.015 0.073
Mag-4 (20p) Till-4 Magnetite 0.078 0.055 0.014 0.019 0.025 0.089 0.101 0.052 0.029
Mag-4 (15) Till-4 Magnetite 0.143 0.011 0.026 0.004 0.012 0.006 0.083
Mag-4 (12) Till-4 Magnetite 0.013 0.014 0.006 0.021 0.050 0.022 0.032
Mag-4 (21) Till-4 Magnetite 0.376 1.152 0.057 0.104 0.039 0.003 0.113 0.310 0.129 0.012 0.004
Mag-4 (24) Till-4 Magnetite 0.100 0.013 0.015 0.003 0.082 0.018 0.042 0.002
Mag-4 (25) Till-4 Magnetite 0.434 0.220 0.027 0.050 0.009 0.024 0.394 0.009
Mag-4 (27) Till-4 Magnetite 0.329 0.010 0.006 0.009 0.030 0.018 0.011
Mag-4 (28) Till-4 Magnetite 0.089 3.306 0.083 0.089 0.008 0.040 0.016 0.011 0.132 0.026
Mag-4 (29) Till-4 Magnetite 0.296 0.008 0.026 0.039 0.453 0.012
Mag-4 (40p) Till-4 Magnetite 0.231 0.008 0.020 0.008 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.265 0.006 0.020 0.007
Mag-4 (39) Till-4 Magnetite 0.135 0.010 0.019 0.006 0.003 0.068 0.082 0.021 0.030
Mag-4 (36) Till-4 Magnetite 0.011 0.019 0.017 0.023 0.039 0.064 1.240 0.007
Mag-4 (34) Till-4 Magnetite 0.298 0.034 0.010 0.015 0.014 0.308 0.446 0.045 0.231 0.014
Mag-4 (33p) Till-4 Magnetite 0.028 0.002 0.006 0.058 0.038 0.022 0.037
Mag-4 (32) Till-4 Magnetite 0.007 0.010 0.009 0.018 0.004 0.011 0.059 0.044 0.013
Mag-4 (41) Till-4 Magnetite 0.884 0.079 0.021 0.011 0.002 0.032 0.459 0.010 0.011
Mag-4 (42) Till-4 Magnetite 0.075 0.020 0.024 0.014 0.044 0.038 0.012 0.270 0.014 0.140 1.336 0.565 0.006
Mag-4 (43) Till-4 Magnetite 0.640 0.902 0.018 0.019 0.029 0.003 0.058 0.019 0.016
Mag-4 (60) Till-4 Magnetite 0.125 2.142 0.014 0.036 0.041 0.011 0.038 0.010 0.007 0.017 0.005
Mag-4 (59) Till-4 Magnetite 0.481 0.012 0.021 0.002 0.009 0.005 0.016 0.004 0.009
Mag-4 (58) Till-4 Magnetite 0.400 0.456 0.044 0.021 0.003 0.035 0.015 0.012
Mag-4 (56) Till-4 Magnetite 0.092 0.009 0.037 0.025 0.031 0.004
Mag-4 (55) Till-4 Magnetite 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.002 0.041 0.005 0.006
Mag-4 (52) Till-4 Magnetite 0.059 0.047 0.010 0.169 0.013
Mag-4 (51) Till-4 Magnetite 0.440 0.014 0.025 0.019 0.075 0.006 0.002 0.010 0.002
Mag-4 (61) Till-4 Magnetite 0.078 0.094 0.013 0.037 0.004 0.006 0.049 0.060 0.015
Mag-4 (62p) Till-4 Magnetite 0.047 0.846 0.012 0.029 0.010 0.005 0.093 0.014 0.014

107
Sample number Location Mineral V Cr Zn Cu Ni Mn K Sn Ca Ti Al Si Mg P
Mag-4 (65) Till-4 Magnetite 0.033 0.009 0.018 0.010 0.037 0.016 0.041 0.010
Mag-4 (66) Till-4 Magnetite 0.318 0.306 0.019 0.014 0.003 0.043 0.023 0.012
Mag-4 (67) Till-4 Magnetite 0.160 0.007 0.017 0.017 0.094 0.057 0.021
Mag-4 (68) Till-4 Magnetite 0.460 0.033 0.015 0.007 0.014 0.006 0.007 0.175 0.012 0.012
Mag-4 (69) Till-4 Magnetite 0.300 0.015 0.016 0.007 0.014 0.024 0.059 0.027 0.009 0.038
Mag-4 (70p) Till-4 Magnetite 0.071 0.039 0.003 0.088 0.012 0.021
Mag-4 (79) Till-4 Magnetite 0.149 0.014 0.032 0.002 0.011 0.005 0.005 0.487
Mag-4 (77) Till-4 Magnetite 0.286 0.009 0.010 0.008 0.004 0.155 0.342 0.002 0.027 0.007
Mag-4 (75) Till-4 Magnetite 0.548 0.007 0.008 0.022 0.139 0.012 0.020 0.156
Mag-4 (74) Till-4 Magnetite 0.769 0.106 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.006 0.125 0.083 0.010
Mag-4 (73) Till-4 Magnetite 0.090 0.008 0.023 0.018 0.012 0.104 0.036 0.046
Mag-4 (81) Till-4 Magnetite 0.038 0.007 0.009 0.002 0.008 0.005 0.092 0.038 0.033
Mag-4 (82) Till-4 Magnetite 0.373 0.011 0.021 0.013 0.019 0.066 0.020 0.047 0.006 0.003
Mag-4 (83) Till-4 Magnetite 1.392 0.036 0.010 0.021 0.295 0.008 0.012
Mag-4 (84) Till-4 Magnetite 0.338 0.013 0.016 0.057 0.148 0.011
Mag-4 (85) Till-4 Magnetite 0.011 0.014 0.021 0.816 0.890 0.202 0.984 0.109 0.004
Mag-4 (86) Till-4 Magnetite 0.134 0.006 0.012 0.007 0.004 0.044 0.004 0.002 0.032
Mag-4 (87) Till-4 Magnetite 0.120 0.012 0.042 0.004 0.015 0.052 0.155 0.155 0.024
Mag-4 (90p) Till-4 Magnetite 0.103 0.241 0.060 0.008 0.102 0.054 0.018 0.031
Mag-4 (100) Till-4 Magnetite 0.033 0.069 0.028 0.056 0.007 0.067 0.007 0.010
Mag-4 (99) Till-4 Magnetite 0.422 0.011 0.020 0.003 0.063 0.395 0.003 0.023
Mag-4 (98) Till-4 Magnetite 0.323 0.021 0.022 0.031 0.003 0.018 0.056 0.018 0.010
Mag-4 (96) Till-4 Magnetite 0.475 0.022 0.011 0.018 0.024
Mag-4 (95) Till-4 Magnetite 0.083 3.977 0.085 0.011 0.171 0.204 0.030 0.042 0.033 0.010 0.004
Mag-4 (94) Till-4 Magnetite 0.110 0.021 0.020 0.096 0.013 0.178 0.164 0.025
Mag-4 (93p) Till-4 Magnetite 0.088 0.264 0.013 0.152 0.022 0.142 0.003 0.018 0.005
Mag-7 (1) Till-4 Magnetite 0.457 0.013 0.015 0.003 0.007 0.012 0.093 0.049 0.048 0.008
Mag-7 (3) Till-4 Magnetite 0.202 0.847 0.042 0.206 0.085 0.211 0.293 0.428 0.119
Mag-7 (4) Till-4 Magnetite 0.165 0.059 0.017 0.112 0.046 0.066 0.039 0.026
Mag-7 (8) Till-4 Magnetite 0.234 0.059 0.021 0.012 0.024 0.002 0.002 0.090 0.100 0.011
Mag-7 (7) Till-4 Magnetite 0.090 0.012 0.028 0.004 0.027 0.030 0.021 0.040
Mag-5 (1) Till-5 Magnetite 0.017 0.014 0.003 0.129 0.027 0.055 0.004
Mag-5 (4) Till-5 Magnetite 0.587 0.028 0.007 0.059 0.017 0.010 0.022
Mag-5 (6p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.008 0.007 0.002 0.040 0.003
Mag-5 (7p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.099 0.598 0.012 0.083 0.023 0.005 0.086 0.034 0.055 0.164 0.219
Mag-5 (8) Till-5 Magnetite 0.083 0.025 0.016 0.049 0.033 0.006 0.013
Mag-5 (9) Till-5 Magnetite 0.325 0.305 0.047 0.003 0.071 0.006 0.016 0.003
Mag-5 (10) Till-5 Magnetite 0.121 0.011 0.017 0.095 0.256 0.017
Mag-5 (20) Till-5 Magnetite 0.671 0.045 0.014 0.019 0.005 0.007 0.009 0.005 0.003
Mag-5 (18) Till-5 Magnetite 0.050 1.852 0.013 0.090 0.035 0.126 0.014 0.011
Mag-5 (17) Till-5 Magnetite 0.336 0.012 0.018 0.002 0.004 0.061 0.019 0.013 0.017 0.003
Mag-5 (16) Till-5 Magnetite 0.189 0.007 0.010 0.024 0.046 0.007 0.042 0.042 0.330 1.154 0.044
Mag-5 (14) Till-5 Magnetite 0.232 0.015 0.012 0.007 0.006 0.078 0.242 0.033 0.027
Mag-5 (13p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.024 0.016 0.030 0.089 0.024 0.018 0.045 0.003
Mag-5 (12) Till-5 Magnetite 0.050 0.031 0.007 0.015 0.037 0.116 0.054
Mag-5 (22) Till-5 Magnetite 0.022 0.012 0.010 0.002 0.013 0.021 0.029
Mag-5 (23) Till-5 Magnetite 0.173 0.260 0.017 0.008 0.005 0.036 0.003 0.003 0.019
Mag-5 (24) Till-5 Magnetite 0.509 0.022 0.020 0.010 0.008 0.010 0.155 0.018 0.030 0.026
Mag-5 (26) Till-5 Magnetite 0.011 0.019 0.014 0.008 0.034 0.007 0.016
Mag-5 (27) Till-5 Magnetite 0.190 0.009 0.020 0.012 0.045 0.023 0.010 0.016
Mag-5 (28) Till-5 Magnetite 0.077 0.014 0.008 0.021 0.029 0.005 0.024
Mag-5 (29) Till-5 Magnetite 0.420 0.014 0.013 0.009 0.050 0.200 0.036 0.027 0.005

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Sample number Location Mineral V Cr Zn Cu Ni Mn K Sn Ca Ti Al Si Mg P
Mag-5 (38) Till-5 Magnetite 0.115 0.070 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.004 0.035 0.075 0.016
Mag-5 (36) Till-5 Magnetite 0.163 0.006 0.011 0.032 0.100 0.016
Mag-5 (35p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.184 0.008 0.023 0.065 0.050 0.058
Mag-5 (34p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.212 2.671 0.093 0.037 0.263 0.024 0.023
Mag-5 (32) Till-5 Magnetite 0.065 2.623 0.022 0.154 0.062 0.065 0.044 0.015 0.014
Mag-5 (31) Till-5 Magnetite 0.015 0.009 0.015 0.111 0.024 0.023 0.012 0.020
Mag-5 (41p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.087 4.873 0.144 0.126 0.193 0.004 0.113 0.009 0.005 0.024 0.014
Mag-5 (43) Till-5 Magnetite 0.266 0.410 0.024 0.010 0.043 0.002 0.005 0.010
Mag-5 (44) Till-5 Magnetite 0.011 0.009 0.002 0.005 0.047 0.006 0.032 0.003
Mag-5 (45) Till-5 Magnetite 0.184 0.007 0.007 0.017 0.073 0.032
Mag-5 (46) Till-5 Magnetite 0.161 0.012 0.016 0.035 0.170 0.011 0.042 0.013
Mag-5 (48p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.107 0.008 0.006 0.036 0.009 0.004 0.051
Mag-5 (49) Till-5 Magnetite 0.190 3.218 0.012 0.024 0.017 0.003 0.007 0.114 0.282 0.003 0.011 0.010
Mag-5 (60) Till-5 Magnetite 0.044 0.007 0.018 0.010 0.016 0.005 0.150
Mag-5 (58p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.173 3.650 0.013 0.060 0.082 0.012 0.016
Mag-5 (56) Till-5 Magnetite 0.311 0.090 0.024 0.007 0.004 0.012 0.005 0.008 0.004
Mag-5 (53) Till-5 Magnetite 0.164 0.023 0.020 0.004 0.055 0.262 0.018 0.005 0.004
Mag-5 (52) Till-5 Magnetite 0.101 4.357 0.070 0.141 0.093 0.002 0.011 0.053 0.005 0.007 0.009
Mag-5 (51) Till-5 Magnetite 0.527 0.006 0.007 0.002 0.139 0.047 0.014 0.002
Mag-5 (61) Till-5 Magnetite 0.010 0.007 0.017 0.005 0.054
Mag-5 (62p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.788 0.072 0.010 0.016 0.002 0.006 0.075 0.026 0.004 0.033
Mag-5 (66p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.017 0.034 0.025 0.091 0.008 0.007 0.015 0.009 0.004 0.046 0.005 0.003
Mag-5 (67p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.261 0.011 0.008 0.015 0.097 0.052 0.151 0.182 0.225 0.036 0.004
Mag-5 (68) Till-5 Magnetite 0.016 0.070 0.023 0.594 0.006 0.010 0.003
Mag-5 (69) Till-5 Magnetite 0.169 0.011 0.016 0.060 0.192 0.020
Mag-5 (70) Till-5 Magnetite 0.302 1.338 0.023 0.016 0.008 0.032 0.117 0.013 0.020 0.009
Mag-5 (80) Till-5 Magnetite 0.364 0.017 0.012 0.017 0.196 0.031 0.015
Mag-5 (79p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.174 2.088 0.081 0.031 0.010 0.153 0.008 0.045 0.008 0.003
Mag-5 (77) Till-5 Magnetite 0.013 0.009 0.010 0.019 0.034 0.020 0.011
Mag-5 (71p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.088 0.923 0.052 0.029 0.132 0.003 0.025 0.007
Mag-5 (81) Till-5 Magnetite 1.709 1.836 0.016 0.019 0.041 0.002 0.104 0.081 0.162 0.022 0.003
Mag-5 (82p) Till-5 Magnetite 3.843 9.865 0.508 0.484 0.006 0.105 0.150 0.483 0.019 0.006
Mag-5 (83) Till-5 Magnetite 0.917 0.024 0.015 0.013 0.005 0.005 0.114 0.007 0.026 0.005
Mag-5 (89) Till-5 Magnetite 0.168 0.243 0.019 0.018 0.022 0.039 0.005 0.065 0.029 0.021
Mag-5 (92) Till-5 Magnetite 0.017 0.027 0.013 0.007 0.073 1.559 0.021 0.005 0.003
Mag-5 (94p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.361 0.015 0.015 0.005 0.056 0.048 0.034 0.289 0.022
Mag-5 (95p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.021 0.122 0.053 0.012 0.027
Mag-7 (9) Till-5 Magnetite 0.349 0.214 0.052 0.007 0.002 0.003 0.042 0.008 0.012 0.002
Mag-7 (10) Till-5 Magnetite 0.292 0.016 0.007 0.016 0.005 0.050 0.025 0.008 0.014
Mag-7 (11) Till-5 Magnetite 0.333 0.183 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.027 0.020 0.151 0.052
Mag-7 (12) Till-5 Magnetite 0.152 0.028 0.157 0.032 0.080 0.046 0.020
Mag-7 (13) Till-5 Magnetite 0.110 0.013 0.008 0.012 0.037 0.148 0.019
Mag-7 (14p) Till-5 Magnetite 0.980 0.058 0.013 0.017 0.003 0.005 0.094 0.188 0.016 0.006

109
Appendix IX: Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data
Table 1: LA-ICP-MS analyses of tourmalines (ppm)
Sample number Location Mineral Li Be B Na Mg Al K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn
C20-1 (3a) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 5.80 2.20 23710.0 15870.0 43350.0 160700.0 101.90 3930 39.00 1490.00 696.00 49.00 55.00
C20-1 (3b) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 7.20 1.50 23110.0 14290.0 42100.0 157200.0 100.40 5250 48.00 2828.00 630.00 91.40 49.50
C20-1 (3c) Beaufor Dravite (core) 5.80 1.10 22300.0 12290.0 39300.0 150000.0 50.00 1391 47.30 442.00 489.00 56.10 42.80
C20-1 (3d) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 7.40 1.30 23100.0 15000.0 38900.0 137000.0 76.00 2980 27.30 1520.00 501.00 63.00 40.10
C20-1 (1a) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 3.90 0.42 23000.0 16600.0 42900.0 153000.0 102.00 5030 34.70 1980.00 683.00 24.40 49.90
C20-1 (1b) Beaufor Dravite (core) 6.10 0.74 21520.0 12870.0 43880.0 162000.0 59.00 2011 65.10 713.00 505.00 48.10 53.00
C20-1 (1c) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 4.00 1.70 21200.0 14600.0 41700.0 148000.0 94.00 3630 47.30 1730.00 670.00 33.60 46.20
C20-1 (2a) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 4.40 4.80 25000.0 16600.0 43300.0 152400.0 134.00 5850 55.80 3870.00 840.00 39.00 59.00
C20-1 (2b) Beaufor Dravite (inter.) 4.70 18.80 22510.0 14110.0 43110.0 147800.0 101.00 6010 78.40 7460.00 713.00 68.00 60.30
C20-1 (2c) Beaufor Dravite (core) 5.80 20.60 22520.0 13980.0 43900.0 151300.0 80.10 6530 52.80 4500.00 673.00 118.00 58.20
C20-1 (2d) Beaufor Dravite (inter.) 5.60 24.90 22970.0 14110.0 43410.0 150100.0 99.60 6180 79.20 7380.00 715.00 61.00 59.90
C20-1 (2e) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 6.30 1.40 23700.0 16000.0 45800.0 148900.0 118.00 4750 35.70 2230.00 873.00 44.90 54.40
96-DP-162 (1a) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 3.08 2.28 23920.0 16180.0 43900.0 151100.0 126.20 4290 96.60 3470.00 605.00 13.40 84.20
96-DP-162 (1b) Beaufor Dravite (core) 3.80 0.32 23100.0 14970.0 42500.0 150100.0 93.90 1487 62.10 808.00 340.00 9.90 79.30
96-DP-162 (1c) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 4.12 1.34 23600.0 16000.0 40700.0 138500.0 142.20 3100 35.30 2030.00 481.00 5.90 85.10
96-DP-162 (2a) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 2.00 0.70 21300.0 17500.0 43000.0 161500.0 147.00 3300 48.90 2140.00 580.00 4.70 89.20
96-DP-162 (2b) Beaufor Dravite (inter.) 3.50 15.80 21380.0 15620.0 43260.0 155000.0 118.10 4750 72.70 9500.00 510.00 8.30 104.90
96-DP-162 (2c) Beaufor Dravite (core) 5.60 11.80 20200.0 14350.0 40700.0 147500.0 81.00 5010 29.20 4340.00 462.00 7.00 82.10
96-DP-162 (2d) Beaufor Dravite (inter.) 2.99 15.60 22300.0 15500.0 40400.0 136400.0 138.00 4890 78.70 8560.00 531.00 4.90 95.70
TUR-3 (56) Beaufor Dravite 4.41 1.65 22280.0 13960.0 36860.0 164400.0 105.80 2530 12.85 1450.00 389.90 2.72 38.80
TUR-3 (58) Beaufor Dravite 4.40 4.40 22400.0 14860.0 38790.0 160500.0 118.40 4810 32.90 3390.00 581.00 11.50 40.30
96-DP-162 (BL1a) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 1.60 2.30 23230.0 17870.0 41370.0 149400.0 517.00 4570 108.40 2940.00 695.00 21.30 100.80
96-DP-162 (BL1b) Beaufor Dravite (core) 3.37 1.19 22970.0 16420.0 40690.0 148800.0 466.00 3460 38.20 1993.00 487.00 11.00 87.40
C20-1 (BL1a) Beaufor Dravite (rim) 5.06 1.80 23290.0 16070.0 42100.0 156800.0 240.00 5680 57.90 2880.00 650.00 74.30 47.90
C20-1 (BL1b) Beaufor Dravite (core) 7.31 1.06 22390.0 14250.0 40650.0 157100.0 211.00 2430 44.60 965.00 435.80 45.90 44.30
96-DP-120 (1a) Bloc Sud Schorl 1.60 4.90 22940.0 21000.0 32300.0 131700.0 324.00 3620 348.00 11010.00 2630.00 7.20 65.30
96-DP-72 (1a) Brosnor Dravite (rim) 6.30 2.00 21550.0 16100.0 38600.0 158900.0 211.00 2760.0 392.00 2230.00 1800.00 408.00 42.70
96-DP-72 (1b) Brosnor Dravite (core) 9.60 1.30 21200.0 14360.0 40700.0 158300.0 112.00 1580.0 438.00 1018.00 1584.00 307.00 44.00
96-DP-72 (1c) Brosnor Dravite (rim) 8.40 4.10 20900.0 17900.0 34400.0 145000.0 140.00 3830.0 192.00 3060.00 1860.00 428.00 45.90
96-DP-72 (BL1a) Brosnor Dravite (core) 6.00 0.30 17600.0 12900.0 31400.0 120000.0 138.00 1650.0 447.00 775.00 1240.00 949.00 36.00
96-DP-72 (BL2a) Brosnor Dravite (rim) 6.18 0.83 19500.0 14340.0 33100.0 127800.0 195.00 1986.0 356.00 1350.00 1413.00 1166.00 38.20
96-DP-114 (1a) Buffadison Dravite (rim) 6.38 0.52 21650.0 12720.0 36200.0 170500.0 63.00 3730.0 36.30 1880.00 263.30 56.80 84.80
96-DP-114 (1b) Buffadison Dravite (core) 2.90 0.65 20420.0 10780.0 36520.0 168800.0 34.70 1355.0 155.40 491.00 277.90 25.80 72.50
96-DP-114 (1c) Buffadison Dravite (rim) 4.62 1.13 21290.0 13300.0 37480.0 169700.0 58.10 3996.0 63.00 2083.00 316.10 74.80 86.00
G-47644-1 (1a) Goldex Dravite (rim) 0.40 21560.0 14320.0 49400.0 155100.0 82.10 4850.0 28.70 1860.00 795.00 67.60
G-47644-1 (1b) Goldex Dravite (core) 1.83 0.80 21300.0 12080.0 54400.0 165200.0 84.00 2260.0 32.00 599.00 368.00 47.10 51.90
G-47644-1 (1c) Goldex Dravite (core) 1.70 0.31 21100.0 13600.0 52500.0 155000.0 101.00 2480.0 29.20 680.00 450.00 59.00 56.50
G-47644-1 (1d) Goldex Dravite (rim) 1.39 0.98 22700.0 14600.0 49600.0 138100.0 115.00 5540.0 24.10 2410.00 748.00 4.10 72.80
CAGOD-163185 (1a) Goldex Dravite (rim) 2.30 0.44 23500.0 16100.0 52600.0 150500.0 180.00 9600.0 24.80 3580.00 435.00 113.00
CAGOD-163185 (1b) Goldex Dravite (inter.) 4.10 21690.0 14900.0 48900.0 142700.0 161.00 7740.0 44.70 7160.00 539.00 80.10
CAGOD-163185 (1c) Goldex Dravite (core) 4.40 8.30 29500.0 13360.0 48300.0 148200.0 95.00 8060.0 35.20 4970.00 620.00 6.90 104.00
CAGOD-163185 (1d) Goldex Intermediate 1.88 8.30 25800.0 14100.0 48000.0 147000.0 141.00 7700.0 37.80 6870.00 586.00 92.00
CAGOD-163185 (1e) Goldex Dravite (rim) 2.38 0.80 21100.0 15100.0 49100.0 147000.0 220.00 6030.0 21.20 3470.00 391.00 6.80 75.00
CAGOD-163185 (2a) Goldex Dravite (rim) 2.90 2.10 23000.0 15430.0 51700.0 152000.0 104.00 10430.0 23.90 2860.00 381.00 56.00 117.50
CAGOD-163185 (2b) Goldex Dravite (core) 3.36 0.22 22110.0 15210.0 55600.0 159800.0 62.00 6480.0 18.20 1240.00 272.00 40.80 119.00
CAGOD-109822B (1a) Goldex Dravite 2.57 0.04 23580.0 15270.0 52830.0 151300.0 74.20 7010.0 4.12 2538.00 235.40 18.30 141.40
CAGOD-109822B (1b) Goldex Dravite 3.80 23900.0 13660.0 52300.0 143300.0 69.00 7700.0 14.60 4630.00 310.00 75.00 104.80
CAGOD-109822B (1c) Goldex Dravite 2.31 24600.0 15370.0 52700.0 151300.0 82.10 6920.0 8.80 2147.00 304.00 83.40 86.60

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Sample number Location Mineral Li Be B Na Mg Al K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn
CAGOD-109822B (1d) Goldex Dravite 4.10 0.34 23100.0 14420.0 53800.0 146700.0 94.00 7120.0 29.50 4270.00 606.00 178.00 88.30
CAGOD-109822B (2a) Goldex Dravite (rim) 5.60 0.32 25800.0 17400.0 52400.0 160300.0 151.00 6050.0 31.00 2590.00 548.00 67.60
CAGOD-109822B (2b) Goldex Dravite (core) 6.80 0.34 23100.0 14450.0 53400.0 161200.0 94.00 2320.0 93.70 583.00 568.00 33.00 57.30
CAGOD-109822B (3a) Goldex Dravite (rim) 4.65 22720.0 17500.0 51300.0 161300.0 83.00 5390.0 27.80 2030.00 505.00 136.00 60.70
CAGOD-109822B (3b) Goldex Intermediate 5.90 21540.0 14390.0 52000.0 163900.0 83.10 3170.0 107.00 830.00 566.00 1180.00 60.00
CAGOD-109822B (3c) Goldex Dravite (core) 5.90 0.27 20730.0 13910.0 55800.0 160200.0 80.10 2285.0 197.00 573.00 614.00 348.00 59.70
CAGOD-109822B (3d) Goldex Dravite (inter.) 6.60 21100.0 14000.0 49600.0 151000.0 129.00 2860.0 89.00 700.00 540.00 864.00 52.80
CAGOD-109822B (3e) Goldex Dravite (rim) 4.60 24700.0 16500.0 52800.0 157800.0 82.60 5170.0 34.20 2180.00 529.00 43.00 67.00
TUR-3 (3) Goldex Dravite 2.80 0.73 22930.0 14850.0 49700.0 149200.0 82.70 4570.0 24.33 2012.00 335.30 74.80
TUR-3 (9) Goldex Dravite 5.13 0.24 23200.0 15530.0 49520.0 158900.0 69.70 2604.0 21.44 755.00 257.90 34.40 66.10
TUR-3 (14) Goldex Dravite 1.08 1.57 22380.0 14240.0 43270.0 159400.0 118.60 4170.0 7.04 1133.00 416.00 67.30 57.30
TUR-3 (19) Goldex Dravite 1.45 1.38 22360.0 15260.0 44900.0 150600.0 159.00 4900.0 37.60 1990.00 517.00 33.10 55.70
CAGOD-109822B (BL1a) Goldex Dravite (rim) 3.12 0.22 23270.0 16170.0 50780.0 156700.0 250.00 6830.0 56.70 3740.00 649.00 3.30 66.40
CAGOD-109822B (BL1b) Goldex Dravite (inter.) 4.28 21740.0 16490.0 50600.0 166500.0 800.00 3080.0 137.00 980.00 603.00 931.00 65.20
CAGOD-109822B (BL1c) Goldex Dravite (core) 4.07 0.07 21810.0 15800.0 52380.0 154000.0 248.00 2248.0 233.20 693.00 640.00 505.00 61.90
CAGOD-109822B (BL1d) Goldex Dravite (inter.) 5.00 0.21 21600.0 15700.0 47800.0 142600.0 172.00 3910.0 159.00 2090.00 757.00 1320.00 56.90
96-DP-221 (1a) Kiena Dravite (rim) 4.90 0.83 20800.0 16300.0 44600.0 157200.0 97.00 4640.0 193.00 4050.00 1218.00 22.40 53.90
96-DP-221 (1b) Kiena Dravite (core) 4.03 0.71 21300.0 18600.0 43900.0 169000.0 38.30 432.0 205.00 619.00 913.00 340.00 15.80
96-DP-221 (BL1a) Kiena Dravite (rim) 14.40 0.85 23210.0 17310.0 45600.0 156700.0 354.00 4230.0 178.00 3017.00 1299.00 21.20 51.90
96-DP-221 (BL1b) Kiena Dravite (core) 4.30 1.30 21950.0 17250.0 42200.0 164300.0 200.00 554.0 172.00 890.00 789.00 245.00 20.50
AM39933 (1a) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 7.00 0.15 23960.0 15680.0 40100.0 159900.0 149.00 3170.0 34.30 1722.00 612.00 11.60 108.70
AM39933 (1b) Lac Herbin Dravite (core) 4.95 0.19 23400.0 13950.0 39500.0 151000.0 72.20 1343.0 240.60 445.00 641.00 6.30 123.50
AM39933 (1c) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 7.80 23500.0 15900.0 39400.0 147400.0 108.00 2290.0 61.30 1180.00 633.00 4.80 112.00
AM39952 (1a) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 8.60 4.60 24000.0 13660.0 40800.0 155400.0 80.00 5080.0 39.40 4190.00 510.00 40.00 129.50
AM39952 (1b) Lac Herbin Dravite (core) 5.84 8.60 23400.0 14190.0 40890.0 152500.0 91.50 5250.0 61.50 4840.00 662.00 47.20 142.40
AM39952 (1c) Lac Herbin Dravite (inter.) 5.00 6.20 23150.0 14930.0 41900.0 146400.0 145.10 5290.0 122.80 8710.00 719.00 35.60 159.40
AM39952 (1d) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 4.70 0.36 23000.0 16400.0 41800.0 155100.0 123.00 4900.0 61.30 3080.00 769.00 19.70 126.00
AM39952 (2a) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 5.60 0.50 22960.0 14680.0 41140.0 158500.0 87.60 3570.0 67.50 2870.00 646.00 15.70 107.70
AM39952 (2b) Lac Herbin Dravite (core) 6.88 0.26 22670.0 13560.0 40200.0 157800.0 62.60 1300.0 155.40 458.00 529.00 24.40 120.00
AM39952 (2c) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 5.51 0.65 23100.0 16000.0 39500.0 149000.0 113.00 3800.0 64.60 3310.00 711.00 6.30 110.00
TUR-3 (33) Lac Herbin Dravite 4.90 0.31 22250.0 14850.0 40550.0 156200.0 97.40 3820.0 102.40 3590.00 723.00 10.20 105.70
TUR-3 (39) Lac Herbin Dravite 4.58 0.28 22410.0 14590.0 39330.0 155000.0 105.10 3240.0 94.60 2610.00 618.00 6.30 107.40
AM39952 (BL1a) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 6.30 0.08 22940.0 16150.0 39980.0 162000.0 200.00 3000.0 64.20 1620.00 546.00 27.10 109.90
AM39952 (BL1b) Lac Herbin Dravite (core) 8.99 0.24 21440.0 14650.0 40640.0 156300.0 244.00 1506.0 115.50 627.00 511.00 17.80 100.80
AM39952 (BL1c) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 6.83 0.32 22040.0 15100.0 38450.0 148500.0 253.00 2116.0 67.50 963.00 516.00 25.50 97.80
AM39933 (BL1a) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 7.89 0.43 24400.0 16590.0 39630.0 154600.0 378.00 4830.0 121.00 3700.00 830.00 8.70 111.00
AM39933 (BL1b) Lac Herbin Dravite (core) 13.30 0.20 22020.0 15420.0 39300.0 153200.0 900.00 1773.0 91.20 710.00 577.00 4.60 111.90
AM39933 (BL1c) Lac Herbin Dravite (rim) 8.00 0.16 23000.0 16260.0 38000.0 150100.0 467.00 3980.0 38.10 2374.00 639.00 4.30 106.80
P124566 (2a) Lamaque Sud Dravite (rim) 4.90 0.80 24700.0 17000.0 38200.0 153700.0 107.00 3300.0 19.10 1120.00 265.00 323.00 161.00
P124566 (2b) Lamaque Sud Dravite (inter.) 4.20 24100.0 14800.0 41200.0 153000.0 87.00 3480.0 23.00 1510.00 325.00 881.00 149.00
P124566 (2c) Lamaque Sud Dravite (core) 3.60 5.20 23100.0 13330.0 38700.0 141700.0 77.00 4640.0 58.60 3280.00 358.00 179.00 157.00
P124566 (2d) Lamaque Sud Dravite (inter.) 4.80 3.20 23600.0 15200.0 40200.0 153300.0 75.00 3940.0 34.20 2240.00 354.00 1830.00 157.00
P124566 (1a) Lamaque Sud Dravite (rim) 3.20 0.80 23500.0 13460.0 40500.0 163300.0 58.00 3600.0 22.50 2140.00 284.00 104.00 144.00
P124566 (1b) Lamaque Sud Dravite (inter.) 3.40 23300.0 14160.0 42500.0 168100.0 55.00 3360.0 43.00 1410.00 317.00 488.00 134.00
P124566 (1c) Lamaque Sud Dravite (core) 4.60 22830.0 13700.0 44280.0 166800.0 48.30 3020.0 70.90 1343.00 426.00 62.00 108.90
P124566 (1d) Lamaque Sud Dravite (inter.) 3.50 0.47 27000.0 14090.0 41220.0 163900.0 49.90 3920.0 51.30 2010.00 378.00 720.00 135.40
P124566 (1e) Lamaque Sud Dravite (rim) 6.30 22600.0 15100.0 44400.0 162000.0 63.50 4370.0 25.20 2290.00 307.00 24.00 135.00
P124566 (BL1a) Lamaque Sud Dravite (rim) 6.30 23250.0 14270.0 41500.0 169100.0 290.00 3080.0 16.60 1119.00 244.30 137.00 147.00
P124566 (BL1b) Lamaque Sud Dravite (inter.) 5.70 0.26 23290.0 14510.0 42500.0 171400.0 540.00 5600.0 38.40 1034.00 292.00 1080.00 129.00
P124566 (BL1c) Lamaque Sud Dravite (core) 5.00 23300.0 15900.0 44000.0 165800.0 347.00 2800.0 83.40 888.00 332.30 211.00 111.30
P124566 (BL1d) Lamaque Sud Dravite (inter.) 4.70 2.30 22690.0 15530.0 41400.0 166100.0 310.00 3910.0 29.80 1453.00 319.80 1085.00 143.00
P124566 (BL1e) Lamaque Sud Dravite (rim) 4.70 0.71 22670.0 15400.0 39940.0 155500.0 530.00 3820.0 29.20 1683.00 312.00 219.00 141.00

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Sample number Location Mineral Li Be B Na Mg Al K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn
14-DG-023 (1a) Lapa Dravite (core) 25.80 0.58 22800.0 14260.0 40700.0 165300.0 99.00 3930.0 29.90 2190.00 514.00 83.00 213.90
14-DG-023 (1b) Lapa Dravite (rim) 18.10 1.20 22450.0 14230.0 40240.0 162500.0 108.50 4040.0 34.80 3242.00 551.00 110.70 203.60
14-DG-023 (2a) Lapa Dravite (core) 23.90 0.58 20410.0 12630.0 42170.0 167000.0 73.70 1483.0 143.70 506.00 477.00 10.60 233.40
14-DG-023 (2b) Lapa Dravite (rim) 18.70 0.90 21400.0 13300.0 38200.0 148000.0 84.00 4700.0 40.90 3190.00 632.00 22.20 193.00
96-DP-57 (1a) Lucien Béliveau Dravite (rim) 3.25 1.40 21800.0 13540.0 35210.0 172100.0 69.80 2806.0 32.40 1803.00 361.00 155.00 59.90
96-DP-57 (1b) Lucien Béliveau Dravite (core) 2.74 0.22 20800.0 12270.0 46500.0 167700.0 70.00 1190.0 94.00 456.00 302.00 338.00 65.30
96-DP-57 (1c) Lucien Béliveau Dravite (core) 5.00 18500.0 14200.0 39800.0 158300.0 60.00 990.0 82.70 427.00 288.00 275.00 62.70
96-DP-57 (1d) Lucien Béliveau Dravite (rim) 3.65 0.56 21600.0 14200.0 36100.0 152500.0 89.00 2350.0 24.40 1631.00 375.00 93.00 55.20
P124600 (3a) New Béliveau Dravite (rim) 2.72 0.63 21700.0 17100.0 38910.0 185000.0 106.00 2420.0 45.70 1500.00 377.00 75.40 71.20
P124600 (3b) New Béliveau Dravite (core) 2.40 19400.0 12200.0 42200.0 169700.0 58.00 1046.0 146.00 446.00 325.00 23.30 82.80
P124600 (3c) New Béliveau Dravite (rim) 2.40 19900.0 14200.0 37900.0 170000.0 57.00 1650.0 28.10 767.00 317.00 60.00 59.90
P124600 (2a) New Béliveau Dravite (rim) 2.30 2.80 20500.0 14920.0 39800.0 176600.0 51.00 2690.0 37.90 2170.00 569.00 54.00 58.20
P124600 (2b) New Béliveau Dravite (core)e 1.03 8.80 20090.0 14260.0 39200.0 160300.0 60.00 3400.0 31.00 4210.00 506.00 71.80 83.00
P124600 (2c) New Béliveau Dravite (inter.) 0.93 13.00 24500.0 16900.0 38400.0 158300.0 63.80 3460.0 56.60 8130.00 620.00 60.00 91.30
TUR-3 (46) New Béliveau Dravite 1.81 1.08 22830.0 13260.0 34850.0 166800.0 280.00 2180.0 85.20 1321.00 875.00 1.32 131.00
TUR-3 (50) New Béliveau Dravite 1.11 6.90 23350.0 17460.0 31750.0 141800.0 96.80 3830.0 94.90 6040.00 865.00 196.90
P124583 (BL1a) New Béliveau Dravite (rim) 3.21 1.33 23030.0 14740.0 39340.0 165400.0 167.00 3020.0 85.50 1812.00 584.00 28.40 68.90
P124583 (BL1b) New Béliveau Dravite (core) 2.13 0.13 21920.0 13720.0 41300.0 153800.0 175.00 1268.0 196.00 578.00 444.00 8.30 76.70
P14600 (BL1a) New Béliveau Dravite (rim) 2.79 2.60 23200.0 15370.0 36870.0 169500.0 149.00 7200.0 29.80 1571.00 389.00 84.40 150.00
P14600 (BL1b) New Béliveau Dravite (core) 3.19 0.28 21430.0 12960.0 38410.0 154900.0 124.00 2900.0 85.40 606.00 332.50 83.80 103.00
P14600 (BL1c) New Béliveau Dravite (rim) 3.03 0.45 23210.0 14450.0 34600.0 157500.0 1000.00 4270.0 26.70 1456.00 340.00 77.70 200.00
P124600 (BL2a) New Béliveau Dravite (rim) 4.10 0.60 23120.0 15310.0 37700.0 156900.0 260.00 4900.0 61.30 2082.00 536.00 51.00 170.00
P124600 (BL2b) New Béliveau Dravite (core) 2.96 0.31 21840.0 13190.0 37100.0 157100.0 207.00 3200.0 103.00 608.00 337.00 88.00 69.90
96-DP-74 (1a) O'Connell Dravite (rim) 4.73 1.60 23230.0 15310.0 40200.0 169300.0 140.00 3530.0 27.00 1724.00 547.00 82.00 74.60
96-DP-74 (1b) O'Connell Dravite (core) 4.00 2.00 22300.0 14090.0 40480.0 175000.0 48.00 1200.0 77.20 1360.00 594.00 224.00 88.00
96-DP-74 (1c) O'Connell Dravite (rim) 4.20 1.00 21490.0 15000.0 40100.0 167000.0 49.30 1770.0 52.70 1760.00 592.00 312.00 52.30
96-DP-13 (1a) Paramaque Schorl 7.30 1.30 20400.0 14440.0 28550.0 161900.0 99.00 776.0 407.00 686.00 466.00 5.50 93.10
94-GB-13A (1a) Sigma Dravite (rim) 7.20 0.70 23140.0 14500.0 38460.0 162600.0 119.50 4490.0 15.30 3540.00 369.00 237.80
94-GB-13A (1b) Sigma Dravite (core) 9.20 22120.0 13120.0 38500.0 164200.0 72.60 3930.0 39.20 723.00 310.00 299.00
94-GB-13A (1c) Sigma Dravite (rim) 8.10 1.90 21900.0 13100.0 36300.0 151000.0 120.00 3590.0 22.40 3400.00 378.00 231.00
94-GB-15A (2a) Sigma Dravite (core) 9.30 22800.0 15700.0 53000.0 160300.0 84.00 4500.0 22.30 488.00 190.00 143.00
94-GB-15A (2b) Sigma Dravite (inter.) 6.10 22460.0 14370.0 51800.0 154000.0 87.60 6860.0 23.00 1217.00 281.00 149.00
94-GB-15A (2c) Sigma Dravite (rim) 9.30 0.80 26700.0 14510.0 58000.0 159600.0 88.30 7900.0 34.30 2250.00 322.00 194.00
TUR-3 (64) Sigma Dravite 8.16 0.58 18560.0 21030.0 27000.0 123600.0 122.70 4090.0 44.50 1807.00 274.00 18.30 99.60
TUR-3 (69) Sigma Dravite 8.85 0.88 19900.0 18300.0 33780.0 152400.0 144.00 4260.0 50.40 2000.00 342.00 24.00 123.80
14-DG-015 (1a) Sigma 2 Schorl (rim) 10.90 0.80 20770.0 13900.0 23950.0 166900.0 93.60 3230.0 66.60 4390.00 88.40 166.90
14-DG-015 (1b) Sigma 2 Schorl (core) 3.25 0.70 20240.0 13100.0 22240.0 170100.0 72.10 1047.0 115.60 470.00 57.80 184.00
14-DG-015 (1c) Sigma 2 Schorl (rim) 8.10 2.50 21000.0 14200.0 21700.0 141400.0 135.00 3380.0 45.20 3370.00 65.90 170.00
TUR-3 (72) Sigma 2 Schorl 8.98 1.61 22770.0 14290.0 23960.0 161500.0 123.00 3307.0 82.10 3967.00 83.70 163.40
TUR-3 (79) Sigma 2 Schorl 7.56 1.30 22740.0 15200.0 22480.0 157300.0 141.90 3418.0 56.40 3450.00 67.00 154.00
TUR-3 (88) Sigma 2 Schorl 9.68 1.36 23100.0 14860.0 24780.0 164700.0 138.00 3740.0 73.40 4039.00 83.20 162.60
14-DG-015 (BL1a) Sigma 2 Schorl (rim) 9.50 1.41 23260.0 15260.0 23560.0 163500.0 281.00 3975.0 39.40 3615.00 66.80 172.50
14-DG-015 (BL1b) Sigma 2 Schorl (core) 5.90 1.50 23000.0 14630.0 21900.0 165200.0 151.00 2100.0 40.80 1540.00 43.90 190.00
14-DG-015 (BL1c) Sigma 2 Schorl (rim) 9.70 1.24 23120.0 15790.0 24770.0 151200.0 160.00 3610.0 73.10 3970.00 86.90 192.00
TUR-1 (2) Till-1 Dravite 6.60 0.11 19900.0 11930.0 38100.0 130900.0 113.00 6620.0 5.07 1490.00 170.00 810.00 160.00
TUR-1 (3) Till-1 Dravite 5.00 1.40 21230.0 13000.0 33950.0 160200.0 33.80 1208.0 77.40 1540.00 866.00 427.00 21.20
TUR-1 (4) Till-1 Dravite 11.00 0.66 22080.0 13960.0 40200.0 149100.0 102.30 5240.0 65.60 2900.00 789.00 463.00 138.00
TUR-1 (7) Till-1 Dravite 13.00 23240.0 12080.0 44400.0 153400.0 51.00 8620.0 8.85 3910.00 301.00 86.70 135.10
TUR-1 (9) Till-1 Dravite 6.28 0.27 20920.0 12860.0 39280.0 145100.0 139.00 6030.0 1.44 967.00 115.20 190.00
TUR-1 (12) Till-1 Dravite 4.77 1.50 22380.0 13450.0 39940.0 152700.0 115.60 7180.0 29.60 3620.00 372.00 1306.00 220.00
TUR-1 (13) Till-1 Dravite 5.27 0.41 22860.0 15730.0 40100.0 149000.0 186.00 5850.0 14.30 1010.00 297.00 35.90 177.30
TUR-1 (15) Till-1 Dravite 5.40 0.91 22120.0 13530.0 38260.0 154500.0 125.20 6090.0 6.38 1640.00 364.00 21.90 291.00

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Sample number Location Mineral Li Be B Na Mg Al K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn
TUR-1 (16) Till-1 Dravite 7.01 1.64 22100.0 13870.0 33670.0 159100.0 58.70 2251.0 90.70 2010.00 621.00 717.00 61.70
TUR-1 (19) Till-2 Dravite 2.69 0.71 22300.0 13420.0 40470.0 158000.0 83.00 1870.0 76.90 976.00 419.00 4.20 70.40
TUR-1 (23) Till-2 Dravite 1.73 0.71 22030.0 13550.0 39380.0 158300.0 82.00 1710.0 106.90 970.00 493.00 1.53 74.10
TUR-1 (33) Till-2 Dravite 7.90 0.10 21910.0 16520.0 47700.0 161300.0 121.00 3290.0 152.60 1642.00 407.00 255.00 255.00
TUR-1 (36) Till-2 Dravite 3.63 1.42 22980.0 15400.0 40480.0 159700.0 123.70 3380.0 32.10 2080.00 411.00 11.90 64.50
TUR-1 (51) Till-2 Schorl 6.25 0.68 22800.0 14880.0 34300.0 139700.0 139.20 5950.0 3.88 3160.00 25.90 129.50
TUR-1 (52) Till-2 Dravite 3.83 1.17 21720.0 11730.0 39060.0 161000.0 51.50 949.0 92.50 353.00 372.30 307.40 67.90
TUR-1 (53) Till-2 Schorl 3.32 0.34 22130.0 15850.0 41200.0 154100.0 147.00 3990.0 94.10 3390.00 720.00 2.00 80.30
TUR-1 (57) Till-2 Dravite 3.09 0.57 22700.0 13700.0 37300.0 158300.0 62.00 2360.0 81.00 1330.00 416.00 31.80 88.60
TUR-1 (59) Till-2 Dravite 255.30 1.09 22070.0 11000.0 50840.0 158200.0 101.80 8870.0 19.60 4589.00 188.00 35.30 262.10
TUR-1 (60) Till-3 Dravite 7.80 24900.0 18100.0 39900.0 149900.0 200.00 6090.0 23.80 1880.00 240.00 182.00 118.50
TUR-1 (61) Till-3 Dravite 6.71 1.19 22490.0 13900.0 43620.0 154900.0 129.50 7050.0 28.10 1770.00 427.00 1234.00 209.00
TUR-1 (63) Till-3 Schorl 7.28 0.78 22000.0 14590.0 34280.0 148900.0 98.00 4320.0 12.26 3700.00 349.00 32.60 71.70
TUR-1 (64) Till-3 Schorl 4.62 0.14 22550.0 13950.0 36170.0 154300.0 113.30 4560.0 5.44 2640.00 525.00 148.70
TUR-1 (68) Till-3 Dravite 6.30 4.50 21630.0 13070.0 45000.0 150300.0 130.10 9330.0 14.30 2720.00 283.00 21.80 285.10
TUR-1 (69) Till-3 Dravite 3.93 0.19 21390.0 9240.0 36620.0 169000.0 54.60 3580.0 11.56 1190.00 299.00 138.10
TUR-1 (70) Till-3 Dravite 7.40 0.73 22030.0 12680.0 42300.0 162700.0 102.00 4640.0 58.10 2010.00 232.10 164.50
TUR-1 (71) Till-3 Dravite 4.68 0.65 22060.0 14350.0 39300.0 156600.0 106.00 3230.0 32.40 3361.00 563.00 202.00 34.20
TUR-1 (73) Till-3 Dravite 6.06 0.63 22260.0 15270.0 30370.0 146300.0 166.20 5350.0 40.80 2024.00 876.00 301.70
TUR-2 (1) Till-4 Dravite 1.82 0.95 21500.0 13900.0 42640.0 167700.0 44.00 820.0 71.60 1800.00 1177.00 38.30 22.90
TUR-2 (2) Till-4 Dravite 6.50 0.41 22900.0 13720.0 40320.0 153000.0 165.40 8280.0 2.85 3440.00 199.60 164.80 339.00
TUR-2 (3) Till-4 Dravite 4.49 3.60 21700.0 16400.0 31800.0 144500.0 62.00 3550.0 30.40 3880.00 434.00 30.00 95.00
TUR-2 (5) Till-4 Schorl 8.50 1.89 20800.0 11100.0 18350.0 146400.0 220.00 4000.0 16.00 5140.00 412.00 139.00
TUR-2 (6) Till-4 Dravite 5.37 0.85 22800.0 13350.0 43490.0 158500.0 136.00 7240.0 2.20 1650.00 156.50 81.00 304.00
TUR-2 (7) Till-4 Schorl 5.39 22680.0 15570.0 32200.0 156400.0 140.70 3790.0 47.90 2170.00 587.00 135.30 322.20
TUR-2 (8) Till-4 Dravite 5.69 0.23 22270.0 13130.0 37650.0 154200.0 105.70 6850.0 3.28 3500.00 282.00 71.90 382.00
TUR-2 (13) Till-4 Dravite 2.31 0.38 21950.0 15000.0 42070.0 156500.0 130.00 2628.0 64.50 1569.00 598.00 1.90 83.80
TUR-2 (19) Till-5 Dravite 4.09 0.97 21970.0 11500.0 34900.0 162100.0 61.00 1580.0 47.80 710.00 413.00 1057.00 42.20
TUR-2 (23) Till-5 Dravite 2.04 1.10 22430.0 13510.0 37540.0 161400.0 76.50 1550.0 39.10 761.00 299.20 60.40
TUR-2 (27) Till-5 Dravite 3.97 0.90 23110.0 15400.0 38580.0 163800.0 97.90 3000.0 43.50 2090.00 450.00 14.30 47.50
TUR-2 (28) Till-5 Schorl 8.40 2.10 22760.0 14970.0 35940.0 147000.0 230.00 6560.0 123.30 1350.00 278.30 165.00 256.00
TUR-2 (29) Till-5 Dravite 22.00 0.92 22500.0 12720.0 38410.0 164800.0 158.50 3470.0 21.30 3270.00 396.00 822.00 186.10
TUR-2 (30) Till-5 Schorl 3.76 0.55 23010.0 14570.0 34300.0 154800.0 73.30 2750.0 3.90 2562.00 256.90 3.40 47.00
TUR-2 (45) Till-5 Schorl 1.53 0.05 22760.0 9570.0 27290.0 164300.0 51.30 1868.0 60.00 559.00 1125.00 5.90 74.00
TUR-2 (34) Till-5 Dravite 5.40 0.80 22700.0 13090.0 37450.0 152900.0 118.90 7740.0 12.05 2780.00 269.30 31.60 344.40
TUR-2 (48) Till-5 Schorl 6.19 0.84 23050.0 14340.0 34080.0 152600.0 144.00 5540.0 14.16 2730.00 66.50 6.20 155.30
TUR-2 (52) Till-5 Dravite 4.90 0.09 22320.0 15300.0 45700.0 151800.0 60.00 7650.0 9.83 3840.00 508.00 12.80 149.00

113
Sample number Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Sn Cs Ba La Ce
C20-1 (3a) 60000.0 2.62 40.50 1.50 100.00 38.70 1175.00 0.070 0.930 1.580 0.066 0.220
C20-1 (3b) 65200.0 0.66 76.60 1.33 89.10 33.70 1353.00 0.007 0.008 1.140 0.780 0.176 0.286
C20-1 (3c) 53300.0 0.14 73.50 0.98 99.00 28.30 313.00 0.002 0.160 0.007 0.380 0.210 0.013 0.024
C20-1 (3d) 54200.0 0.57 82.00 1.00 99.00 28.90 730.00 0.080 0.600 0.110 0.083 0.153
C20-1 (1a) 62800.0 1.50 45.10 1.62 79.00 33.30 1550.00 0.030 0.090 0.990 1.700 0.104 0.300
C20-1 (1b) 59760.0 1.25 77.60 1.15 82.70 34.90 499.00 0.019 0.043 0.017 1.090 0.013 0.490 0.047 0.052
C20-1 (1c) 62500.0 1.15 57.20 2.30 83.00 38.10 0.13 1020.00 0.051 0.090 0.025 1.170 0.023 4.800 0.084 0.169
C20-1 (2a) 66500.0 2.42 52.50 102.00 42.00 0.15 1920.00 0.050 0.045 1.370 0.039 4.900 0.330 0.480
C20-1 (2b) 75000.0 0.89 70.20 102.00 32.00 10.00 1780.00 0.125 1.170 1.710 0.146 0.390
C20-1 (2c) 70600.0 0.84 79.60 83.00 32.30 1302.00 0.037 0.180 1.010 0.104 0.190
C20-1 (2d) 73800.0 0.91 66.40 94.10 32.30 1748.00 0.008 0.018 0.800 1.030 0.173 0.358
C20-1 (2e) 66600.0 2.90 52.30 94.00 39.90 1577.00 0.009 0.043 0.880 1.770 0.195 0.254
96-DP-162 (1a) 69100.0 1.77 8.31 4.80 63.50 35.80 925.00 0.085 0.047 0.006 0.008 1.830 0.790 0.154 0.249
96-DP-162 (1b) 59400.0 0.14 11.40 2.79 89.90 32.70 298.00 0.052 0.117 0.008 0.028 1.230 0.209 0.019 0.075
96-DP-162 (1c) 64500.0 1.47 8.80 4.21 78.30 34.90 772.00 0.110 0.018 0.005 0.035 0.850 0.800 0.101 0.248
96-DP-162 (2a) 65300.0 4.01 8.30 1.30 34.40 30.40 804.00 0.065 1.000 0.440 0.189 0.190
96-DP-162 (2b) 77800.0 0.22 5.40 1.25 57.90 29.50 981.00 0.800 0.011 0.810 0.125 0.223
96-DP-162 (2c) 62900.0 0.22 9.30 0.96 56.20 26.70 785.00 0.046 0.070 0.500 0.570 0.168 0.469
96-DP-162 (2d) 70500.0 0.20 5.00 1.37 62.30 32.70 1105.00 0.180 0.049 1.100 0.010 0.630 0.197 0.232
TUR-3 (56) 62040.0 3.53 198.90 2.07 117.40 31.40 0.06 490.00 0.224 0.790 0.009 0.005 0.509 0.056 8.100 0.095 0.199
TUR-3 (58) 68400.0 2.48 146.70 1.12 118.40 35.70 0.05 1006.00 0.259 0.315 0.005 1.050 0.013 4.010 0.229 0.415
96-DP-162 (BL1a) 67900.0 4.19 6.52 5.10 42.70 36.90 0.38 1276.00 0.390 4.900 0.008 0.130 1.970 3.310 0.135 0.224
96-DP-162 (BL1b) 62200.0 1.37 9.23 6.20 63.30 32.60 0.58 636.00 0.422 3.360 0.011 0.125 1.000 0.820 0.133 0.364
C20-1 (BL1a) 60700.0 0.64 96.20 4.20 82.30 37.60 0.11 1231.00 0.049 3.210 0.013 0.029 2.040 1.160 0.104 0.222
C20-1 (BL1b) 53400.0 0.37 78.50 5.20 77.40 31.90 0.09 507.00 0.080 1.630 0.010 0.020 1.690 0.670 0.033 0.073
96-DP-120 (1a) 134700.0 44.80 22.90 8.40 54.70 31.80 1188.00 0.065 0.290 0.035 0.023 41.100 4.660 0.205 0.388
96-DP-72 (1a) 73900.0 53.80 327.00 4.90 82.50 36.50 0.10 850.00 0.171 0.290 0.120 1.880 9.900 0.086 0.380
96-DP-72 (1b) 69900.0 71.50 370.00 1.62 97.90 40.30 457.00 0.118 0.260 0.007 1.200 0.009 5.400 0.065 0.096
96-DP-72 (1c) 78700.0 64.00 253.00 2.40 98.00 37.50 1327.00 0.061 0.140 0.016 1.420 6.500 0.340 0.550
96-DP-72 (BL1a) 51700.0 44.90 363.00 2.67 82.30 35.50 0.02 420.00 0.005 0.510 0.013 1.860 1.940 0.013 0.048
96-DP-72 (BL2a) 57700.0 48.10 397.00 3.07 93.80 36.70 0.05 529.00 0.033 0.980 0.029 0.021 1.660 3.490 0.046 0.135
96-DP-114 (1a) 63820.0 0.33 6.12 6.30 157.40 39.20 243.00 0.016 0.430 0.013 1.140 0.150 0.059 0.096
96-DP-114 (1b) 58500.0 0.29 14.70 2.51 188.00 33.80 86.30 0.016 0.066 1.170 0.140 0.008 0.007
96-DP-114 (1c) 64780.0 0.30 6.79 3.63 149.10 43.70 261.40 0.027 0.160 0.013 2.800 0.042 0.054 0.085
G-47644-1 (1a) 58900.0 0.89 42.80 3.40 113.70 62.50 741.00 0.490 0.640 0.900 0.004 1.950 0.140 0.310
G-47644-1 (1b) 38600.0 1.02 241.00 4.70 159.00 50.10 350.00 0.530 1.470 0.620 0.470 0.085 0.166
G-47644-1 (1c) 38800.0 0.95 255.00 3.90 197.00 63.00 346.00 0.200 0.190 0.580 1.070 0.074 0.470
G-47644-1 (1d) 55300.0 0.60 61.40 4.80 122.00 60.00 834.00 1.010 0.930 0.011 1.160 2.430 0.208 0.560
CAGOD-163185 (1a) 59100.0 2.89 51.40 3.20 152.00 54.60 0.15 971.00 0.730 0.740 0.210 1.120 6.400 0.530 0.980
CAGOD-163185 (1b) 63200.0 1.47 52.30 2.40 132.00 55.00 0.08 1281.00 0.155 0.420 1.110 0.037 10.100 0.219 0.401
CAGOD-163185 (1c) 74000.0 2.51 51.00 157.00 61.00 917.00 0.019 1.700 5.200 0.130 0.172
CAGOD-163185 (1d) 65800.0 2.14 44.70 3.50 142.00 53.10 0.10 992.00 0.360 0.540 0.013 0.270 0.760 7.700 0.178 0.339
CAGOD-163185 (1e) 51600.0 1.04 57.00 9.00 114.00 49.40 0.22 820.00 0.280 0.710 0.120 0.680 5.570 0.210 0.270
CAGOD-163185 (2a) 54900.0 1.05 58.10 2.90 99.00 47.00 699.00 1.820 0.560 0.011 0.120 1.010 4.170 1.530 3.040
CAGOD-163185 (2b) 46100.0 4.37 61.50 105.30 43.40 359.00 0.480 0.170 0.009 0.390 1.450 0.610 1.010
CAGOD-109822B (1a) 57500.0 16.80 68.90 0.85 94.60 42.10 0.03 726.00 0.034 0.109 0.002 0.300 4.100 0.128 0.191
CAGOD-109822B (1b) 56400.0 8.20 49.50 1.19 133.00 52.80 0.01 677.00 0.090 0.015 1.040 2.450 0.143 0.226
CAGOD-109822B (1c) 51200.0 1.46 56.40 0.63 114.00 45.40 705.00 0.015 0.089 0.014 0.680 3.370 0.087 0.186
CAGOD-109822B (1d) 54700.0 0.99 72.10 1.73 124.70 55.30 667.00 0.068 0.770 0.019 2.000 0.029 4.230 0.137 0.222
CAGOD-109822B (2a) 47900.0 0.78 95.70 1.50 230.00 69.00 1152.00 0.710 4.500 0.230 0.460
CAGOD-109822B (2b) 44700.0 0.77 129.00 176.00 68.10 405.00 0.010 0.170 1.330 1.070 0.022 0.012
CAGOD-109822B (3a) 50400.0 0.37 109.00 204.00 61.50 0.15 867.00 0.013 0.090 0.850 1.800 0.230 0.280

114
Sample number Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Sn Cs Ba La Ce
CAGOD-109822B (3b) 45500.0 0.72 143.00 180.00 71.20 530.00 0.090 0.150 0.960 1.600 0.064 0.086
CAGOD-109822B (3c) 44900.0 0.67 152.10 168.40 68.40 426.00 0.038 0.650 2.140 1.940 0.011 0.025
CAGOD-109822B (3d) 46900.0 0.47 123.00 161.00 64.90 0.08 500.00 0.080 0.250 1.210 2.000 0.104 0.144
CAGOD-109822B (3e) 50900.0 0.71 90.00 174.00 63.80 838.00 0.022 0.970 1.920 0.121 0.210
TUR-3 (3) 50500.0 2.13 80.60 0.78 119.00 50.20 500.00 0.456 0.285 0.006 0.910 0.016 4.690 0.115 0.240
TUR-3 (9) 41530.0 1.34 83.60 0.59 86.20 43.20 276.50 0.026 0.059 0.001 0.002 0.322 0.004 1.080 0.030 0.053
TUR-3 (14) 51800.0 1.40 41.30 0.74 180.60 55.50 546.00 0.361 0.381 0.002 0.008 0.606 0.710 0.098 0.201
TUR-3 (19) 54600.0 0.95 73.60 1.32 161.20 60.50 0.02 749.00 0.411 0.670 0.006 0.004 1.470 1.150 0.151 0.386
CAGOD-109822B (BL1a) 51200.0 0.33 86.50 3.80 155.40 73.60 0.13 1011.00 0.014 0.380 0.004 1.780 3.510 0.233 0.411
CAGOD-109822B (BL1b) 44900.0 0.83 155.00 10.10 154.00 71.20 0.69 535.00 0.045 10.300 2.600 2.200 0.066 0.156
CAGOD-109822B (BL1c) 45100.0 0.85 165.90 3.06 150.30 72.50 0.12 382.00 0.090 1.250 0.004 2.870 1.800 0.029 0.077
CAGOD-109822B (BL1d) 48600.0 0.66 155.00 2.96 140.00 78.90 0.07 627.00 0.086 0.470 0.004 0.110 4.700 2.490 0.099 0.244
96-DP-221 (1a) 70700.0 0.25 96.00 3.45 83.80 55.90 858.00 0.162 0.190 1.050 1.020 0.252 0.520
96-DP-221 (1b) 41200.0 0.14 19.20 4.80 83.00 87.00 133.00 0.172 0.310 0.070 0.960 0.920 0.033 0.188
96-DP-221 (BL1a) 64900.0 0.60 72.20 3.60 112.00 69.30 0.82 726.00 1.500 16.000 0.017 0.019 1.160 2.560 0.131 0.307
96-DP-221 (BL1b) 38400.0 0.22 14.80 3.19 127.00 64.90 0.16 189.00 0.068 0.840 0.620 1.850 0.010 0.056
AM39933 (1a) 69000.0 14.30 10.60 12.20 117.30 43.80 284.00 0.024 0.020 0.055 3.750 1.000 0.063 0.107
AM39933 (1b) 62300.0 17.69 13.10 13.30 118.40 38.70 102.20 0.039 0.211 0.071 8.320 0.340 0.008 0.009
AM39933 (1c) 66800.0 14.90 11.70 14.40 114.60 41.40 170.00 0.047 0.039 0.037 5.170 0.670 0.032 0.035
AM39952 (1a) 66700.0 14.90 14.90 103.00 30.50 492.00 0.023 0.160 0.011 1.520 0.570 0.134 0.176
AM39952 (1b) 71500.0 15.04 17.50 90.90 34.00 540.00 0.106 0.130 0.004 2.030 0.027 1.590 0.028 0.140
AM39952 (1c) 75200.0 15.60 13.60 1.24 98.00 33.20 857.00 0.112 0.110 0.053 4.500 2.010 0.113 0.208
AM39952 (1d) 65700.0 13.70 18.90 2.50 80.00 39.20 498.00 0.090 0.014 2.520 0.790 0.112 0.160
AM39952 (2a) 68700.0 15.70 16.90 1.00 84.90 35.40 0.05 440.00 0.070 0.010 3.190 0.470 0.077 0.129
AM39952 (2b) 58700.0 17.96 21.30 1.40 92.20 31.40 151.90 0.012 0.087 0.006 2.610 0.191 0.007 0.007
AM39952 (2c) 67700.0 14.10 16.40 3.60 94.00 38.70 413.00 0.073 0.037 0.043 0.050 2.130 0.660 0.066 0.122
TUR-3 (33) 66000.0 8.82 35.00 1.20 80.90 41.30 437.00 0.630 0.078 0.011 0.015 4.190 0.420 0.171 0.372
TUR-3 (39) 63500.0 8.26 36.80 0.92 87.00 37.30 0.02 386.00 0.468 0.112 0.007 0.016 3.310 0.550 0.073 0.158
AM39952 (BL1a) 63710.0 13.03 15.50 2.72 91.10 38.10 0.05 432.00 0.105 0.800 0.033 4.000 0.009 1.230 0.131 0.176
AM39952 (BL1b) 64700.0 11.97 10.50 4.00 103.90 36.50 0.15 228.20 0.032 1.180 0.030 0.015 3.160 0.007 1.170 0.035 0.061
AM39952 (BL1c) 60500.0 11.37 12.90 3.53 103.40 35.30 0.12 349.00 0.150 1.090 0.032 0.071 2.950 0.004 0.960 0.067 0.133
AM39933 (BL1a) 72800.0 13.47 13.40 15.90 118.60 47.50 0.48 458.00 0.185 9.300 0.208 0.026 11.000 0.008 2.090 0.113 0.196
AM39933 (BL1b) 62000.0 14.72 12.10 16.50 129.00 41.10 0.38 176.40 0.076 8.100 0.082 6.020 0.006 3.200 0.038 0.055
AM39933 (BL1c) 68000.0 13.69 12.20 19.20 121.90 41.10 0.45 446.00 0.079 6.440 0.092 3.930 1.900 0.121 0.219
P124566 (2a) 49200.0 6.20 62.20 2.00 151.00 31.90 0.24 125.00 0.430 2.300 0.028 1.220 0.920 0.083 0.181
P124566 (2b) 51100.0 5.20 84.10 1.40 124.00 30.50 0.12 138.00 0.138 5.400 1.170 0.150 0.065 0.091
P124566 (2c) 56400.0 8.11 60.10 0.93 118.20 28.40 0.11 159.00 1.700 59.000 1.410 0.230 0.043 0.089
P124566 (2d) 54800.0 4.22 87.20 115.00 32.10 156.00 0.720 3.600 1.730 0.260 0.046 0.115
P124566 (1a) 53700.0 7.20 53.00 1.90 130.00 34.00 151.00 2.410 95.000 0.380 0.039 0.037
P124566 (1b) 56400.0 7.00 68.60 136.00 31.80 136.00 1.700 52.000 1.460 0.110 0.044
P124566 (1c) 51900.0 10.80 45.00 2.00 97.90 31.80 0.11 110.00 0.190 2.700 1.370 0.028 0.067
P124566 (1d) 53800.0 6.10 76.00 103.00 43.00 122.00 0.110 0.110 2.550 0.230 0.044 0.065
P124566 (1e) 57200.0 10.30 55.40 119.00 37.90 140.00 0.100 0.210 0.110 0.049
P124566 (BL1a) 48400.0 6.80 59.00 5.60 115.00 33.60 0.12 142.30 0.100 2.300 0.120 2.300 0.022 1.120 0.059 0.084
P124566 (BL1b) 47400.0 4.10 74.10 5.80 91.00 32.80 0.37 129.40 0.036 1.460 0.060 1.850 0.011 1.240 0.044 0.114
P124566 (BL1c) 47600.0 5.77 66.00 6.60 89.40 28.00 0.08 110.40 0.900 41.000 0.016 0.090 2.160 1.050 0.015 0.054
P124566 (BL1d) 51700.0 3.70 77.00 4.50 96.00 33.40 0.42 179.30 0.084 2.090 0.047 1.570 0.022 0.420 0.045 0.043
P124566 (BL1e) 48800.0 6.10 58.50 6.70 101.90 34.40 0.47 147.00 0.035 1.590 0.036 1.600 0.011 1.030 0.045 0.049
14-DG-023 (1a) 56830.0 6.21 12.70 141.00 31.50 886.00 0.250 0.070 0.023 0.760 1.080 0.990 1.820
14-DG-023 (1b) 57820.0 5.78 14.50 127.00 31.70 1259.00 0.049 0.150 0.089 0.041 1.000 0.840 0.940 1.660
14-DG-023 (2a) 59500.0 7.35 13.90 1.56 129.10 26.70 0.53 440.00 0.088 0.490 0.030 0.920 0.210 0.074 0.159
14-DG-023 (2b) 57800.0 6.10 16.70 168.00 33.20 566.00 0.550 0.200 0.033 0.950 1.650 0.450 0.820

115
Sample number Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Sn Cs Ba La Ce
96-DP-57 (1a) 63000.0 17.10 61.50 6.60 111.00 26.80 317.00 0.100 0.100 0.005 0.090 0.520 0.800 0.160 0.320
96-DP-57 (1b) 59400.0 19.40 51.60 7.30 108.00 25.50 114.00 0.064 0.260 0.880 0.370 0.030 0.039
96-DP-57 (1c) 57000.0 16.90 49.00 6.40 95.00 24.70 104.00 0.027 0.070 0.570 0.710 0.012 0.012
96-DP-57 (1d) 60500.0 17.70 44.40 8.20 121.00 27.30 279.00 0.019 0.170 0.035 0.620 0.430 0.105 0.168
P124600 (3a) 64300.0 2.90 23.90 1.00 73.90 27.10 217.00 0.005 0.062 0.600 0.120 0.116 0.213
P124600 (3b) 62300.0 1.57 29.20 1.42 97.00 24.90 102.70 0.500 0.340 1.190 0.260 0.006 0.027
P124600 (3c) 58100.0 3.80 30.00 1.20 76.00 24.70 154.00 0.043 0.670 0.089 0.116
P124600 (2a) 58400.0 1.89 15.00 10.00 67.00 27.40 257.00 0.140 0.540 0.840 1.400 0.130 0.175
P124600 (2b) 65500.0 1.99 23.30 1.20 65.70 24.30 191.70 0.097 0.290 0.390 0.180 0.099 0.135
P124600 (2c) 76400.0 0.90 20.50 0.92 77.00 23.50 359.00 0.013 0.050 0.590 0.050 0.062 0.100
TUR-3 (46) 59900.0 1.16 18.50 3.47 138.80 32.60 0.14 164.80 0.340 1.230 0.024 0.005 0.960 0.039 0.930 0.140 0.185
TUR-3 (50) 70300.0 0.52 9.30 0.41 131.00 34.40 510.00 0.140 5.600 0.150 0.024 0.500 0.410 0.067 0.104
P124583 (BL1a) 57900.0 1.70 15.60 2.07 84.80 32.10 0.07 271.00 0.062 1.220 0.004 0.014 1.560 0.023 0.970 0.159 0.300
P124583 (BL1b) 56700.0 0.69 19.80 2.21 115.90 29.10 0.18 116.20 0.416 1.110 0.002 0.017 2.170 0.540 0.042 0.111
P14600 (BL1a) 56300.0 5.20 51.00 4.80 93.00 26.90 240.00 0.204 0.830 0.021 0.480 0.740 0.710 0.190 0.222
P14600 (BL1b) 54700.0 1.24 78.00 5.80 129.70 27.50 0.40 134.80 0.140 0.740 0.011 0.082 1.730 0.890 0.095 0.640
P14600 (BL1c) 56900.0 4.22 72.00 9.00 123.00 27.60 0.06 218.00 0.071 0.560 0.003 0.200 3.600 0.710 0.183 0.336
P124600 (BL2a) 54000.0 2.44 95.00 5.20 91.80 33.70 0.02 157.00 0.033 0.280 0.023 2.200 0.450 0.080 0.230
P124600 (BL2b) 53800.0 1.66 97.00 5.01 120.50 27.90 0.14 126.40 0.160 0.490 0.001 0.150 5.100 0.790 0.053 0.530
96-DP-74 (1a) 65200.0 3.22 43.00 4.60 141.00 42.50 530.00 0.034 0.530 0.060 0.760 0.016 0.170 0.157 0.273
96-DP-74 (1b) 52700.0 4.85 51.60 2.60 125.00 39.30 258.00 0.720 0.690 0.090 0.092 0.116
96-DP-74 (1c) 56700.0 5.12 54.30 2.50 153.00 44.20 301.00 0.091 1.030 0.060 0.121 0.280
96-DP-13 (1a) 97700.0 19.90 73.00 9.20 146.00 48.90 0.05 136.00 0.450 0.950 2.940 0.370 0.065 0.300
94-GB-13A (1a) 76900.0 17.80 16.40 1.70 214.00 36.40 343.00 0.028 0.100 0.760 1.000 0.042 0.153
94-GB-13A (1b) 73300.0 20.90 14.00 220.00 33.60 152.30 0.500 0.200 0.081 1.810 0.080 0.670 0.021 0.040
94-GB-13A (1c) 76000.0 17.80 16.40 196.00 41.00 301.00 0.066 0.105 1.330 0.660 0.063 0.110
94-GB-15A (2a) 58200.0 1.19 1.60 142.00 37.50 0.13 230.00 0.280 1.930 0.270 0.144 0.340
94-GB-15A (2b) 62100.0 0.09 1.02 129.00 49.80 318.00 0.290 0.070 0.007 2.070 0.820 0.209 0.380
94-GB-15A (2c) 63900.0 0.15 4.00 1.90 148.00 39.80 227.00 0.450 0.032 2.360 0.090 0.250 0.670
TUR-3 (64) 48400.0 4.59 6.90 2.70 52.70 33.20 0.02 198.00 2.150 59.000 0.090 0.026 1.000 0.430 0.027 0.098
TUR-3 (69) 54600.0 3.69 9.00 0.71 61.50 32.20 0.18 258.00 1.090 30.000 0.018 0.005 1.130 0.045 0.660 0.049 0.078
14-DG-015 (1a) 109800.0 6.06 0.38 4.10 146.00 66.90 234.00 0.044 0.140 0.290 0.050 4.170 2.900 0.074 0.138
14-DG-015 (1b) 98600.0 7.73 0.16 2.30 143.00 55.50 93.60 0.027 0.260 0.102 2.070 1.750 0.016 0.034
14-DG-015 (1c) 107300.0 6.14 0.76 4.80 188.00 55.00 310.00 0.140 0.750 0.360 3.180 0.038 3.300 0.133 0.420
TUR-3 (72) 101200.0 6.17 8.00 135.80 70.10 294.30 0.160 0.330 0.234 4.440 0.012 2.600 0.094 0.151
TUR-3 (79) 105700.0 6.82 5.20 0.54 164.30 66.90 335.00 0.010 0.141 0.151 0.008 3.790 0.005 2.510 0.086 0.153
TUR-3 (88) 102400.0 5.68 1.70 0.77 163.30 70.70 0.06 327.00 0.131 0.300 0.218 5.400 3.710 0.094 0.162
14-DG-015 (BL1a) 105200.0 5.49 1.52 2.10 164.20 69.50 0.11 420.00 0.124 0.410 0.185 4.810 2.930 0.201 0.298
14-DG-015 (BL1b) 101000.0 5.87 2.20 1.59 270.00 59.10 0.20 225.00 0.450 1.710 0.143 4.520 2.900 0.250 0.350
14-DG-015 (BL1c) 98200.0 5.75 3.20 1.91 152.00 71.20 0.03 281.00 0.136 0.390 0.192 0.057 4.600 2.590 0.194 0.248
TUR-1 (2) 46400.0 25.10 132.00 1.10 60.80 20.50 428.00 0.180 0.240 0.051 0.280 1.580 1.040 1.420
TUR-1 (3) 53800.0 35.50 129.00 2.10 56.80 36.90 180.00 20.000 610.000 0.024 0.210 0.019 0.050 0.112 0.340
TUR-1 (4) 60000.0 38.80 105.60 1.70 64.60 30.70 950.00 0.550 0.210 0.090 0.590 0.650 0.010 0.053
TUR-1 (7) 62400.0 36.10 72.10 2.80 73.90 23.90 198.80 0.063 0.190 0.048 0.053 0.250 0.740 0.095 0.170
TUR-1 (9) 49900.0 33.60 69.20 1.43 69.60 12.17 279.00 0.015 0.180 0.009 0.011 2.390 0.040 0.045
TUR-1 (12) 66700.0 31.10 63.00 5.00 110.90 28.90 1446.00 0.157 0.270 0.074 0.150 0.420 0.026 0.022
TUR-1 (13) 75300.0 34.90 79.30 46.00 70.00 21.30 317.00 0.029 0.180 0.022 0.030 0.184 0.008 4.150 0.006 0.023
TUR-1 (15) 66700.0 26.60 56.10 3.80 83.50 19.12 509.00 0.008 0.280 0.021 0.015 0.099 5.960 0.029 0.091
TUR-1 (16) 62900.0 37.00 86.00 11.60 76.40 31.60 603.00 28.000 419.000 0.098 0.025 0.790 0.016 1.050 0.165 0.376
TUR-1 (19) 57300.0 0.34 10.50 2.40 66.20 31.60 431.00 0.055 0.120 0.003 0.010 0.990 0.350 0.049 0.102
TUR-1 (23) 57000.0 2.04 14.50 2.14 57.20 29.80 391.00 0.059 0.650 0.320 0.023 0.063
TUR-1 (33) 33290.0 23.00 85.80 0.98 36.20 10.33 0.08 740.00 1.030 0.151 0.113 0.020 0.560 38.000 8.200 21.000

116
Sample number Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Sn Cs Ba La Ce
TUR-1 (36) 55600.0 0.56 9.80 1.02 75.20 35.80 0.03 717.00 0.058 0.210 0.005 0.600 0.360 0.154 0.247
TUR-1 (51) 82900.0 2.11 4.11 3.50 219.00 22.30 0.04 1101.00 3.070 61.000 0.940 0.063 0.520 0.001 0.199 0.300 2.230
TUR-1 (52) 50520.0 23.93 43.00 1.10 64.00 30.50 212.30 0.051 0.950 0.120 0.003 0.010
TUR-1 (53) 62900.0 5.19 9.60 1.46 37.50 32.70 998.00 0.020 0.330 0.860 0.005 0.530 0.097 0.172
TUR-1 (57) 62000.0 3.84 8.40 1.81 48.80 33.70 564.00 0.064 0.290 0.010 1.230 0.280 0.092 0.121
TUR-1 (59) 34740.0 10.58 16.00 1.63 253.90 36.00 257.80 0.800 72.000 0.012 33.700 0.260 0.705 1.160
TUR-1 (60) 75600.0 43.10 89.60 1.54 92.50 27.20 723.00 0.880 0.360 0.790 0.330 3.410 0.077 0.280
TUR-1 (61) 52600.0 42.50 168.80 2.04 58.70 18.80 555.00 0.030 0.250 0.006 0.011 0.530 6.300 0.045 0.100
TUR-1 (63) 70300.0 40.80 76.50 3.20 95.90 25.05 1174.00 2.510 47.000 1.470 0.410 0.300 0.149 0.330
TUR-1 (64) 76700.0 19.96 6.39 1.57 133.10 25.60 0.18 216.00 0.054 1.200 0.024 0.112 0.037 2.260 0.007 0.012
TUR-1 (68) 64100.0 34.60 33.40 0.64 140.00 24.10 1370.00 0.050 1.080 0.027 0.170 1.890 0.006 0.124
TUR-1 (69) 52220.0 26.40 49.50 1.04 120.00 54.00 59.60 0.060 0.070 0.051 0.970 0.082 0.025 0.051
TUR-1 (70) 57520.0 25.60 27.50 2.04 101.00 37.80 625.00 0.006 0.150 0.221 2.500 0.015 0.570 0.038 0.058
TUR-1 (71) 61800.0 15.83 52.20 10.00 115.40 37.50 845.00 0.112 0.148 0.024 0.044 0.490 2.200 0.165 0.313
TUR-1 (73) 110100.0 25.55 13.70 1.67 127.90 34.31 482.00 0.001 0.166 0.005 0.033 0.200 4.060 0.003 0.004
TUR-2 (1) 39200.0 55.90 139.00 0.61 355.00 35.60 86.10 0.014 0.840 0.620 0.042 0.096
TUR-2 (2) 61100.0 29.92 116.90 1.93 95.10 15.69 137.70 0.300 0.780 0.540 0.260 0.154 0.023 7.790 0.160 0.350
TUR-2 (3) 68900.0 23.20 41.80 0.85 68.70 21.80 469.00 1.890 57.000 0.087 0.156 0.090 0.117 0.340
TUR-2 (5) 90500.0 24.20 25.30 2.60 158.50 21.90 0.09 277.00 0.108 0.610 0.074 0.009 0.470 0.280 0.076 0.220
TUR-2 (6) 51600.0 35.40 81.00 0.63 68.80 16.90 0.06 510.00 0.123 0.005 0.013 0.120 0.006 3.460 0.003
TUR-2 (7) 81600.0 14.07 19.80 0.74 71.80 10.48 141.00 0.005 0.084 0.021 2.040 0.002
TUR-2 (8) 70400.0 45.20 51.10 0.91 101.00 21.90 632.00 0.007 0.160 0.005 0.016 0.193 3.280
TUR-2 (13) 57800.0 3.26 6.21 0.64 39.90 28.70 660.00 0.030 0.115 1.240 0.015 1.010 0.089 0.170
TUR-2 (17) 66000.0 49.70 117.50 0.83 178.50 29.20 258.00 0.128 5.500 0.063 0.174 0.150 0.034 0.076
TUR-2 (19) 54900.0 19.00 216.90 2.50 65.00 29.30 0.09 297.00 0.018 0.350 0.005 0.490 0.610 0.075 0.134
TUR-2 (23) 60100.0 0.40 9.50 0.97 74.50 33.00 351.00 0.063 0.130 0.010 0.590 0.420 0.059 0.124
TUR-2 (27) 61800.0 11.65 25.10 0.80 84.80 36.70 728.00 0.091 0.910 0.230 0.106 0.201
TUR-2 (28) 91700.0 2.10 32.60 0.88 170.50 30.60 1154.00 0.095 1.050 0.069 0.760 1.480 3.410 0.015 0.036
TUR-2 (29) 42700.0 28.70 81.50 1.60 82.00 43.40 141.00 0.010 0.097 0.023 0.620 0.810 1.000 1.570
TUR-2 (30) 80800.0 8.40 8.90 0.60 68.00 30.50 480.00 0.353 0.200 0.202 0.148 0.051 0.087
TUR-2 (45) 67300.0 63.70 95.80 0.65 85.30 28.03 34.80 0.019 0.068 0.004 0.740 0.033 0.007 0.004
TUR-2 (34) 73000.0 25.60 21.10 0.70 57.00 8.90 187.00 0.021 0.210 0.029 4.960 0.023 0.052
TUR-2 (48) 85900.0 27.80 17.60 0.67 232.20 31.50 921.00 0.003 0.061 0.092 0.011 0.630 0.004 0.410 0.023 0.022
TUR-2 (52) 58300.0 32.50 40.80 0.65 76.40 31.60 188.10 0.039 0.101 0.032 0.150 4.240 0.465 0.738

117
Sample number Pr Nd Eu Sm Tb Gd Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U
C20-1 (3a) 0.016 0.110 0.123 0.034 13.000
C20-1 (3b) 0.037 0.144 0.124 0.014 0.003 0.003 4.190
C20-1 (3c) 0.001 0.027 0.004 0.890
C20-1 (3d) 0.005 0.140 0.116 0.022 0.011 4.000 0.016
C20-1 (1a) 0.020 0.170 0.150 0.060 4.260
C20-1 (1b) 0.006 0.021 0.048 0.002 0.021 0.016 0.003 0.006 0.009 0.055 2.000 0.001
C20-1 (1c) 0.016 0.060 0.055 0.031 0.004 0.017 0.015 0.012 0.004 0.007 0.014 0.003 7.100
C20-1 (2a) 0.017 0.150 0.090 0.032 0.031 0.013 0.033 0.006 5.700
C20-1 (2b) 0.058 0.180 0.113 0.045 0.035 0.046 0.007 0.021 0.032 0.010 4.090 0.003
C20-1 (2c) 0.039 0.110 0.018 0.007 0.035 0.080 0.022 4.700
C20-1 (2d) 0.035 0.140 0.128 0.027 0.028 0.006 4.910 0.003
C20-1 (2e) 0.048 0.210 0.068 0.020 0.010 6.100
96-DP-162 (1a) 0.016 0.054 0.203 0.022 0.003 0.046 0.020 0.008 0.010 0.003 0.013 0.003 0.026 0.002 5.820 0.001 0.004
96-DP-162 (1b) 0.003 0.020 0.078 0.009 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.001 0.004 0.003 0.035 0.011 0.051 2.640 0.004
96-DP-162 (1c) 0.027 0.125 0.119 0.018 0.005 0.022 0.015 0.002 0.013 0.015 0.002 0.003 5.430 0.002
96-DP-162 (2a) 0.006 0.108 0.015 0.008 4.320 0.004
96-DP-162 (2b) 0.017 0.150 0.141 0.041 0.003 0.003 4.360
96-DP-162 (2c) 0.030 0.200 0.080 0.024 0.060 0.003 0.021 0.010 2.730
96-DP-162 (2d) 0.043 0.078 0.199 0.005 0.003 0.033 0.039 0.013 0.020 0.002 0.016 0.003 5.550
TUR-3 (56) 0.020 0.112 0.093 0.045 0.012 0.072 0.067 0.010 0.032 0.005 0.026 0.002 0.024 0.001 6.000 0.006 0.004
TUR-3 (58) 0.051 0.219 0.200 0.061 0.013 0.046 0.049 0.011 0.027 0.005 0.021 0.004 0.020 5.270 0.002
96-DP-162 (BL1a) 0.022 0.165 0.228 0.059 0.015 0.032 0.036 0.020 0.005 0.004 0.028 0.006 0.177 6.620 0.005 0.013
96-DP-162 (BL1b) 0.039 0.140 0.125 0.049 0.011 0.053 0.099 0.014 0.051 0.006 0.042 0.006 0.111 0.001 3.500 0.003 0.028
C20-1 (BL1a) 0.053 0.170 0.131 0.014 0.017 0.005 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.134 0.004 3.400 0.011 0.004
C20-1 (BL1b) 0.006 0.043 0.046 0.020 0.006 0.003 0.002 0.088 1.340 0.002
96-DP-120 (1a) 0.046 0.083 0.690 0.038 0.001 0.006 0.009 0.006 0.018 0.016 0.022 0.013 5.310 0.003 0.001
96-DP-72 (1a) 0.078 0.290 0.178 0.031 0.064 0.070 0.018 0.011 0.024 0.008 55.400 0.017 0.003
96-DP-72 (1b) 0.010 0.044 0.086 0.017 0.001 0.019 0.011 0.004 0.015 0.003 0.007 0.006 25.100 0.004 0.003
96-DP-72 (1c) 0.052 0.340 0.175 0.037 0.002 0.012 0.015 0.006 0.030 0.011 0.003 53.400 0.002
96-DP-72 (BL1a) 0.006 0.140 0.013 0.001 0.009 0.001 0.037 0.011 0.048 0.002 16.300 0.001
96-DP-72 (BL2a) 0.016 0.091 0.084 0.011 0.0003 0.018 0.012 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.051 0.002 19.900 0.006 0.005
96-DP-114 (1a) 0.008 0.082 0.058 0.002 0.021 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.008 3.310
96-DP-114 (1b) 0.010 0.002 0.004 0.133 0.018 0.027 0.002 2.320 0.004
96-DP-114 (1c) 0.011 0.048 0.066 0.010 0.001 0.0004 0.013 0.001 3.240
G-47644-1 (1a) 0.058 0.330 0.124 0.061 0.015 0.093 0.046 0.029 0.093 0.005 0.034 0.015 0.053 4.220 0.070 0.011
G-47644-1 (1b) 0.020 0.110 0.027 0.038 0.006 0.113 0.122 0.025 0.087 0.005 0.052 0.003 0.021 3.180 0.054 0.009
G-47644-1 (1c) 0.041 0.090 0.009 0.130 0.017 0.011 0.006 0.008 0.070 0.004 0.013 2.700 0.002 0.011
G-47644-1 (1d) 0.082 0.400 0.083 0.141 0.035 0.183 0.186 0.052 0.108 0.014 0.147 0.028 5.160 0.034 0.012
CAGOD-163185 (1a) 0.090 0.600 0.129 0.056 0.013 0.060 0.160 0.030 0.130 0.023 0.057 0.012 0.065 6.600 0.023
CAGOD-163185 (1b) 0.029 0.190 0.025 0.005 0.027 0.022 0.008 0.018 0.006 0.007 0.027 0.005 7.300 0.009 0.008
CAGOD-163185 (1c) 0.058 0.040 0.037 0.090 5.700 0.019
CAGOD-163185 (1d) 0.051 0.240 0.110 0.043 0.019 0.040 0.063 0.005 0.054 0.014 0.038 0.010 0.036 6.500 0.020 0.016
CAGOD-163185 (1e) 0.083 0.230 0.160 0.044 0.080 0.027 0.080 0.019 0.033 8.000 0.023 0.032
CAGOD-163185 (2a) 0.326 1.750 0.107 0.270 0.047 0.370 0.360 0.053 0.230 0.015 0.300 0.034 0.022 5.400 0.043 0.096
CAGOD-163185 (2b) 0.116 0.540 0.083 0.103 0.012 0.148 0.062 0.013 0.060 0.010 0.027 0.011 0.014 2.240 0.023 0.034
CAGOD-109822B (1a) 0.004 0.054 0.026 0.005 0.004 0.001 0.005 0.002 0.004 0.001 2.680 0.002 0.003
CAGOD-109822B (1b) 0.013 0.049 0.092 0.010 0.021 3.040 0.007
CAGOD-109822B (1c) 0.030 0.025 0.043 0.003 3.420
CAGOD-109822B (1d) 0.020 0.079 0.034 0.015 0.023 0.003 0.013 0.004 0.012 0.002 0.043 0.005 4.040 0.002
CAGOD-109822B (2a) 0.043 0.100 0.054 0.014 4.900
CAGOD-109822B (2b) 0.013 0.012 0.003 0.009 0.001 0.124 0.046 0.161 2.490
CAGOD-109822B (3a) 0.090 0.038 3.650

118
Sample number Pr Nd Eu Sm Tb Gd Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U
CAGOD-109822B (3b) 0.071 0.050 0.012 0.037 0.130 0.040 0.120 0.006 2.740 0.012
CAGOD-109822B (3c) 0.003 0.009 0.028 0.033 0.013 0.300 0.163 0.225 2.320 0.001
CAGOD-109822B (3d) 0.007 0.058 0.021 0.005 0.004 0.041 0.019 0.043 2.900
CAGOD-109822B (3e) 0.006 0.220 0.090 3.600
TUR-3 (3) 0.034 0.114 0.050 0.041 0.012 0.058 0.058 0.015 0.058 0.008 0.064 0.011 0.018 0.001 2.810 0.026 0.011
TUR-3 (9) 0.007 0.026 0.025 0.009 0.001 0.002 0.007 0.0004 0.004 0.0001 0.005 0.001 0.006 0.0001 1.363 0.001 0.0004
TUR-3 (14) 0.020 0.100 0.050 0.028 0.007 0.031 0.053 0.012 0.050 0.008 0.073 0.018 0.037 3.040 0.003 0.006
TUR-3 (19) 0.034 0.107 0.069 0.031 0.011 0.034 0.087 0.012 0.038 0.009 0.066 0.012 0.047 0.0003 5.020 0.003 0.003
CAGOD-109822B (BL1a) 0.025 0.109 0.130 0.038 0.003 0.004 0.019 4.190
CAGOD-109822B (BL1b) 0.013 0.064 0.013 0.084 0.031 0.450 0.260 0.500 3.000 0.006 0.007
CAGOD-109822B (BL1c) 0.015 0.010 0.017 0.006 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.045 0.030 0.980 0.380 0.332 0.0005 2.480 0.004 0.005
CAGOD-109822B (BL1d) 0.014 0.049 0.075 0.011 0.005 0.028 0.006 0.004 0.015 0.002 0.047 0.020 0.109 4.360 0.004
96-DP-221 (1a) 0.057 0.250 0.191 0.059 0.003 0.021 0.067 0.001 0.005 0.008 0.012 0.031 15.200 0.012
96-DP-221 (1b) 0.022 0.100 0.007 0.051 0.027 0.110 0.024 0.017 0.015 0.022 5.080 0.007
96-DP-221 (BL1a) 0.047 0.220 0.139 0.074 0.016 0.101 0.240 0.080 0.270 0.060 0.570 0.070 1.050 0.003 10.190 0.023 0.066
96-DP-221 (BL1b) 0.012 0.028 0.004 0.002 0.009 0.008 0.012 0.010 0.002 0.006 0.002 3.840 0.002
AM39933 (1a) 0.029 0.080 0.066 0.003 0.022 0.004 0.014 0.003 0.030 0.009 0.008 0.002 5.300
AM39933 (1b) 0.023 0.008 0.001 0.002 0.016 0.015 0.278 0.154 0.201 0.030 5.150 0.001
AM39933 (1c) 0.002 0.040 0.062 0.006 0.005 0.016 0.001 0.064 0.019 0.018 0.012 6.520
AM39952 (1a) 0.033 0.080 0.099 0.007 1.880
AM39952 (1b) 0.012 0.047 0.110 0.006 0.003 0.025 0.029 0.006 0.019 0.007 0.015 2.120
AM39952 (1c) 0.011 0.130 0.184 0.023 0.013 0.002 0.016 0.006 0.020 4.170
AM39952 (1d) 0.017 0.140 0.150 0.062 0.015 0.038 0.013 0.019 3.100
AM39952 (2a) 0.023 0.026 0.092 0.028 0.010 2.480
AM39952 (2b) 0.018 0.050 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.013 0.027 0.002 1.290 0.001
AM39952 (2c) 0.080 0.096 0.002 0.009 0.003 0.001 0.014 2.550
TUR-3 (33) 0.038 0.202 0.131 0.079 0.019 0.100 0.135 0.027 0.078 0.007 0.054 0.021 0.014 0.004 2.610 0.001 0.002
TUR-3 (39) 0.034 0.059 0.123 0.032 0.005 0.039 0.069 0.017 0.065 0.011 0.063 0.012 0.013 0.001 2.040 0.003
AM39952 (BL1a) 0.012 0.093 0.109 0.015 0.004 0.042 0.002 0.010 0.001 0.005 0.026 0.008 2.460 0.003 0.004
AM39952 (BL1b) 0.007 0.020 0.062 0.007 0.002 0.009 0.008 0.001 0.002 0.0004 0.020 0.065 0.016 1.340 0.001 0.001
AM39952 (BL1c) 0.020 0.067 0.088 0.035 0.004 0.029 0.023 0.006 0.018 0.004 0.028 0.027 0.005 1.900 0.001 0.002
AM39933 (BL1a) 0.014 0.082 0.130 0.026 0.003 0.013 0.011 0.007 0.022 0.006 0.053 0.021 0.354 0.074 4.720 0.009 0.004
AM39933 (BL1b) 0.013 0.020 0.021 0.008 0.022 0.018 0.004 0.008 0.001 0.035 0.009 0.282 0.019 2.420 0.013
AM39933 (BL1c) 0.019 0.085 0.100 0.018 0.003 0.004 0.010 0.006 0.004 0.001 0.014 0.005 0.268 0.007 3.140 0.003 0.002
P124566 (2a) 0.019 0.370 0.058 0.090 0.009 0.100 0.120 0.009 0.012 0.025 0.007 0.098 3.930 0.021 0.009
P124566 (2b) 0.069 0.046 0.007 0.046 0.035 0.520 5.000 0.034 0.038
P124566 (2c) 0.010 0.012 0.065 0.007 0.071 0.200 0.047 0.270 0.044 0.590 0.120 2.300 4.690 0.140 0.180
P124566 (2d) 0.090 0.105 0.021 0.037 0.089 0.036 0.054 0.009 0.070 0.018 0.440 0.002 6.100 0.037 0.017
P124566 (1a) 0.025 0.023 0.150 0.090 0.090 0.410 0.049 0.690 0.160 4.900 6.600 0.450 0.290
P124566 (1b) 0.009 0.027 0.060 0.050 0.070 0.140 0.070 0.470 0.101 2.300 4.550 0.150 0.070
P124566 (1c) 0.109 0.017 0.010 0.020 0.006 0.180 0.013 0.200 4.120 0.019 0.009
P124566 (1d) 0.072 0.027 0.080 0.019 0.044 3.490
P124566 (1e) 0.052 0.013 0.049 0.019 0.016 0.020 4.100
P124566 (BL1a) 0.009 0.025 0.008 0.019 0.024 0.017 0.050 4.370 0.004
P124566 (BL1b) 0.027 0.027 0.003 0.019 0.031 0.060 0.004 3.870 0.009
P124566 (BL1c) 0.018 0.040 0.003 0.013 0.046 0.028 0.110 0.018 0.390 0.075 1.500 2.850 0.100 0.130
P124566 (BL1d) 0.014 0.021 0.045 0.012 0.041 0.023 0.003 0.051 0.011 0.047 4.670
P124566 (BL1e) 0.015 0.018 0.045 0.023 0.007 0.011 0.009 0.102 3.870 0.006 0.009
14-DG-023 (1a) 0.240 0.970 0.376 0.190 0.008 0.060 0.160 0.007 0.007 0.002 0.031 0.002 0.012 20.000
14-DG-023 (1b) 0.152 0.640 0.790 0.052 0.022 0.029 0.013 0.005 28.300
14-DG-023 (2a) 0.016 0.252 0.013 0.002 0.028 0.019 0.013 0.086 0.041 0.143 0.036 13.100
14-DG-023 (2b) 0.140 0.490 0.330 0.130 0.017 0.120 0.069 0.017 0.027 0.070 0.044 20.700 0.051 0.012

119
Sample number Pr Nd Eu Sm Tb Gd Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U
96-DP-57 (1a) 0.047 0.064 0.144 0.008 0.002 0.025 0.007 0.002 0.009 0.007 0.002 5.860 0.012
96-DP-57 (1b) 0.004 0.072 0.005 0.028 0.005 0.009 0.087 3.310
96-DP-57 (1c) 0.003 0.050 0.023 0.035 0.030 0.016 2.410
96-DP-57 (1d) 0.010 0.073 0.096 0.009 0.019 0.015 5.010 0.004
P124600 (3a) 0.008 0.110 0.089 0.009 0.016 0.002 0.049 0.018 0.013 2.980
P124600 (3b) 0.045 0.027 0.002 0.021 0.023 0.221 0.119 1.750 0.301 0.117 1.650 0.002 0.004
P124600 (3c) 0.038 0.093 0.090 0.023 0.009 0.006 0.076 0.005 3.110 0.003
P124600 (2a) 0.013 0.140 0.130 0.010 0.080 2.010 0.029
P124600 (2b) 0.021 0.133 0.092 0.032 0.002 0.065 0.004 0.003 0.008 0.005 2.740 0.002 0.003
P124600 (2c) 0.004 0.080 0.137 0.016 0.013 4.060
TUR-3 (46) 0.025 0.134 0.056 0.061 0.012 0.090 0.086 0.011 0.028 0.005 0.028 0.003 0.039 0.0004 1.820 0.012 0.003
TUR-3 (50) 0.009 0.042 0.083 0.006 0.001 0.014 0.006 0.009 0.011 0.007 0.066 0.013 0.260 0.006 2.850 0.017 0.017
P124583 (BL1a) 0.032 0.143 0.097 0.051 0.024 0.019 0.033 0.006 0.073 0.001 3.490 0.002
P124583 (BL1b) 0.005 0.032 0.019 0.002 0.008 0.017 0.017 0.233 0.101 1.700 0.364 0.099 0.001 1.900 0.002
P14600 (BL1a) 0.032 0.310 0.129 0.029 0.016 0.043 0.029 0.022 0.007 0.015 0.004 0.058 0.002 2.900 0.008
P14600 (BL1b) 0.027 0.092 0.052 0.038 0.010 0.040 0.042 0.010 0.023 0.008 0.121 0.031 0.034 0.001 2.150 0.005 0.003
P14600 (BL1c) 0.021 0.141 0.105 0.026 0.006 0.039 0.004 0.012 0.012 0.002 0.044 0.005 0.017 3.340 0.005 0.004
P124600 (BL2a) 0.007 0.064 0.062 0.031 0.002 0.020 0.012 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.010 2.360 0.005 0.001
P124600 (BL2b) 0.021 0.081 0.045 0.024 0.001 0.022 0.027 0.006 0.017 0.005 0.040 0.012 0.036 0.001 2.070 0.002 0.006
96-DP-74 (1a) 0.027 0.160 0.064 0.014 0.046 0.013 0.092 6.040 0.004 0.003
96-DP-74 (1b) 0.021 0.070 0.064 0.024 0.036 3.510
96-DP-74 (1c) 0.013 0.140 0.071 0.031 3.230
96-DP-13 (1a) 0.041 0.250 0.011 0.118 0.022 0.023 0.066 0.026 0.330 0.076 1.750 0.369 0.270 3.450
94-GB-13A (1a) 0.058 0.040 12.400
94-GB-13A (1b) 0.031 0.090 0.055 0.034 0.021 0.038 0.052 0.008 0.057 0.010 0.370 0.094 0.068 0.012 10.800
94-GB-13A (1c) 0.020 0.134 0.014 0.015 0.110 0.003 0.024 10.500
94-GB-15A (2a) 0.010 0.240 0.330 0.034 0.015 0.120 0.007 0.150 0.014 0.007 25.000
94-GB-15A (2b) 0.022 0.280 0.530 0.032 0.018 0.150 0.070 0.014 0.046 0.005 0.010 0.007 0.005 10.900
94-GB-15A (2c) 0.120 0.400 0.430 0.090 0.022 0.150 0.110 0.010 0.031 0.035 0.170 19.100
TUR-3 (64) 0.012 0.086 0.122 0.038 0.026 0.086 0.216 0.062 0.345 0.071 0.620 0.135 2.570 0.011 5.390 0.186 0.199
TUR-3 (69) 0.008 0.074 0.167 0.012 0.004 0.026 0.080 0.032 0.180 0.044 0.440 0.085 1.400 0.002 6.230 0.120 0.073
14-DG-015 (1a) 0.016 0.210 0.300 0.070 0.003 0.033 4.550
14-DG-015 (1b) 0.002 0.043 0.051 0.018 0.006 0.009 0.003 0.006 0.001 0.002 2.830
14-DG-015 (1c) 0.024 0.270 0.220 0.026 0.034 0.036 0.047 0.016 0.080 0.012 0.004 6.400 0.007
TUR-3 (72) 0.017 0.097 0.242 0.057 0.006 0.052 0.025 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.023 0.028 3.940 0.001 0.003
TUR-3 (79) 0.013 0.080 0.265 0.024 0.001 0.017 0.003 0.0003 0.002 0.0004 0.007 0.011 4.680 0.001 0.0001
TUR-3 (88) 0.030 0.107 0.235 0.045 0.009 0.046 0.028 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.016 0.073 4.540 0.002 0.002
14-DG-015 (BL1a) 0.054 0.321 0.389 0.072 0.004 0.044 0.006 0.001 0.007 0.029 0.002 0.008 0.027 4.700 0.002 0.006
14-DG-015 (BL1b) 0.120 0.430 0.280 0.190 0.027 0.110 0.030 0.012 0.049 0.017 0.110 0.016 0.124 0.006 2.990 0.012 0.002
14-DG-015 (BL1c) 0.039 0.287 0.262 0.077 0.002 0.059 0.014 0.009 0.016 0.002 0.017 0.004 0.008 0.028 3.770 0.004 0.001
TUR-1 (2) 0.112 0.350 0.041 0.078 0.009 0.031 0.006 0.002 0.022 0.006 0.003 0.038 0.007 2.700 0.005 0.003
TUR-1 (3) 0.020 0.080 0.180 0.120 0.075 0.320 1.300 0.480 3.300 0.560 5.400 1.300 23.000 1.060 2.100 0.730
TUR-1 (4) 0.004 0.044 0.014 0.003 0.005 0.029 0.068 0.018 0.078 0.013 0.034 0.006 0.015 0.005 5.410 0.001
TUR-1 (7) 0.020 0.158 0.105 0.028 0.007 0.014 0.008 0.003 0.013 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.012 5.360 0.002 0.001
TUR-1 (9) 0.012 0.024 0.003 0.011 0.006 0.005 0.001 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.013 1.400 0.004
TUR-1 (12) 0.003 0.034 0.018 0.007 0.030 0.017 0.011 0.006 0.049 0.004 0.007 16.800 0.005 0.002
TUR-1 (13) 0.003 0.028 0.003 0.003 0.009 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.049 0.001 2.210 0.003
TUR-1 (15) 0.009 0.003 0.018 0.016 0.001 3.480 0.004 0.001
TUR-1 (16) 0.047 0.310 0.400 0.330 0.350 1.600 3.400 0.960 4.200 0.760 6.500 1.170 18.100 0.009 3.150 1.140 0.880
TUR-1 (19) 0.004 0.020 0.083 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.007 0.001 0.010 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.028 2.050 0.002
TUR-1 (23) 0.009 0.037 0.057 0.003 0.005 0.002 0.003 0.017 1.790
TUR-1 (33) 2.700 11.800 0.990 2.100 0.078 0.760 0.290 0.050 0.062 0.010 0.104 0.007 0.029 0.005 3.370 1.170 0.102

120
Sample number Pr Nd Eu Sm Tb Gd Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U
TUR-1 (36) 0.022 0.097 0.144 0.018 0.002 0.015 0.014 0.001 0.007 0.001 0.011 3.250 0.002
TUR-1 (51) 0.136 0.710 0.049 0.156 0.033 0.167 0.290 0.086 0.500 0.107 1.120 0.176 2.810 0.127 11.430 0.344 0.610
TUR-1 (52) 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.004 1.290 0.001
TUR-1 (53) 0.022 0.078 0.162 0.010 0.002 0.003 0.008 0.001 0.009 0.009 4.380 0.001
TUR-1 (57) 0.011 0.127 0.026 0.020 0.002 0.034 0.021 0.004 0.027 0.003 0.047 0.002 3.540 0.006 0.002
TUR-1 (59) 0.148 0.440 0.418 0.126 0.006 0.107 0.087 0.024 0.106 0.037 0.360 0.077 3.500 0.001 5.480 0.035 0.300
TUR-1 (60) 0.034 0.200 0.010 0.104 0.020 0.200 0.034 0.032 0.190 0.017 0.038 0.022 0.101 0.068 5.910 0.063 0.002
TUR-1 (61) 0.011 0.042 0.003 0.001 0.015 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.038 0.001 5.570 0.001 0.001
TUR-1 (63) 0.039 0.230 0.038 0.044 0.024 0.115 0.320 0.086 0.350 0.067 0.550 0.079 2.090 0.110 9.400 0.270 0.300
TUR-1 (64) 0.004 0.048 0.004 0.009 0.001 0.014 0.004 0.025 0.003 0.011 0.001 1.350 0.006
TUR-1 (68) 0.008 0.130 0.014 0.003 0.021 0.072 21.900 0.017 0.015
TUR-1 (69) 0.008 0.048 0.011 0.007 0.019 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.009 1.670 0.002
TUR-1 (70) 0.005 0.031 0.014 0.010 0.002 0.047 0.182 8.460
TUR-1 (71) 0.033 0.160 0.207 0.006 0.034 0.018 0.004 0.014 0.003 0.024 0.003 0.003 3.510 0.017 0.001
TUR-1 (73) 0.001 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.037 0.000 2.670
TUR-2 (1) 0.010 0.024 0.012 0.001 0.006 2.280 0.009 0.004
TUR-2 (2) 0.039 0.190 0.009 0.070 0.013 0.078 0.120 0.007 0.028 0.012 0.046 0.007 0.081 0.032 1.810 0.013
TUR-2 (3) 0.043 0.360 0.025 0.120 0.017 0.069 0.210 0.068 0.320 0.052 0.560 0.107 2.270 0.001 3.760 0.280 0.217
TUR-2 (5) 0.022 0.085 0.006 0.021 0.010 0.010 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.015 0.028 0.012 3.120 0.018 0.004
TUR-2 (6) 0.004 0.004 0.027 0.001 1.010
TUR-2 (7) 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.031 0.001 0.790
TUR-2 (8) 0.001 0.016 3.120
TUR-2 (13) 0.014 0.097 0.118 0.014 0.001 0.010 0.005 0.007 0.001 0.008 0.005 3.020 0.003
TUR-2 (17) 0.008 0.032 0.018 0.014 0.001 0.019 0.027 0.007 0.031 0.005 0.037 0.002 0.260 0.003 2.530 0.007 0.031
TUR-2 (19) 0.013 0.067 0.023 0.013 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.002 0.011 0.000 1.890 0.018 0.001
TUR-2 (23) 0.012 0.096 0.070 0.022 0.003 0.070 0.032 0.007 0.014 0.001 0.032 0.006 0.016 0.002 2.320 0.008
TUR-2 (27) 0.019 0.112 0.080 0.016 0.001 0.009 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.007 4.050 0.001 0.0004
TUR-2 (28) 0.005 0.005 0.020 0.009 0.006 0.056 0.008 0.062 0.002 0.112 13.300 0.014
TUR-2 (29) 0.164 0.580 0.281 0.034 0.048 0.012 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 3.700 0.001
TUR-2 (30) 0.005 0.020 0.022 0.010 0.003 0.019 0.044 0.011 0.047 0.015 0.129 0.013 0.001 2.690 0.001 0.004
TUR-2 (45) 0.003 0.010 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.008 0.0004 0.007 0.001 0.002 0.0001 0.643
TUR-2 (34) 0.002 0.038 0.007 0.021 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.090 0.720 0.009
TUR-2 (48) 0.003 0.014 0.009 0.003 0.001 0.004 0.002 0.027 10.010
TUR-2 (52) 0.086 0.330 0.373 0.067 0.029 0.003 0.018 0.005 0.013 0.001 1.700

121
Appendix VIII: Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data
Table 2: LA-ICP-MS analyses of scheelites (ppm)
Sample number Location Mineral Li B Na Mg Si S K Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe
96-DP-162 (L1) Beaufor Scheelite 0.97 1.70 110.80 5.72 118.00 1.80 137600 0.69 0.69 1.59 20.20
96-DP-162 (L2a) Beaufor Scheelite 0.51 1.70 132.00 4.63 89.00 2.50 136900 0.40 0.74 2.81 21.60
96-DP-162 (L2b) Beaufor Scheelite 1.40 103.00 5.80 150.00 2.94 140000 0.16 0.70 3.60 15.50
96-DP-162 (L3a) Beaufor Scheelite 0.81 152.00 3.39 136500 0.25 0.64 2.89 14.90
96-DP-162 (L3b) Beaufor Scheelite 0.69 196.00 3.36 136400 0.31 0.70 3.31 24.00
96-DP-162 (L3c) Beaufor Scheelite 0.48 82.20 4.08 137300 0.24 0.55 2.97 17.90
96-DP-162 (L3d) Beaufor Scheelite 1.35 97.00 4.28 138400 0.10 0.77 3.01 16.70
96-DP-162 (L3e) Beaufor Scheelite 0.93 82.20 8.20 1.28 138200 0.75 0.62 3.70 29.00
96-DP-162 (L3f) Beaufor Scheelite 0.81 158.00 3.33 130.00 138700 0.70 3.78 18.00
96-DP-162 (L3bulk) Beaufor Scheelite 0.96 0.28 120.00 4.32 99.00 0.70 138100 0.25 0.62 3.42 21.30
96-DP-162 (L4a) Beaufor Scheelite 1.55 0.65 85.80 3.82 98.00 0.97 139300 0.65 0.52 4.37 18.70
96-DP-162 (L4b) Beaufor Scheelite 1.46 0.99 82.00 4.09 76.00 1.36 137200 0.39 0.48 4.11 17.40
96-DP-162 (L4c) Beaufor Scheelite 1.06 0.47 66.80 3.86 1.56 139600 0.41 4.26 10.30
B580-15 (L1a) Beaufor Scheelite 0.61 215.90 4.45 240.00 1.80 135400 0.22 2.88 18.10
B580-15 (L1b) Beaufor Scheelite 0.18 324.00 4.28 114.00 0.99 137600 0.22 3.36 15.30
B580-15 (L1bulk) Beaufor Scheelite 0.46 0.37 272.00 4.55 67.00 2.04 137800 0.20 2.99 17.60
B580-15 (L2a) Beaufor Scheelite 0.13 0.32 160.80 4.95 117.00 3.80 138100 0.51 0.10 4.15 20.90
B580-15 (L3a) Beaufor Scheelite 0.46 362.00 5.18 198.00 1.78 138600 0.24 3.78 19.20
B580-15 (L3b) Beaufor Scheelite 0.84 277.00 5.70 6.10 140900 0.26 3.26 24.10
B580-15 (L3c) Beaufor Scheelite 0.47 0.25 314.00 4.44 103.00 1.70 135300 0.25 3.86 15.40
B580-15 (L3bulk) Beaufor Scheelite 0.52 0.24 310.00 4.95 128.00 2.30 137500 0.22 3.46 18.70
B580-15 (L4a) Beaufor Scheelite 0.29 0.30 247.90 6.00 73.00 3.70 139600 0.16 0.25 3.07 18.60
B580-15 (L4b) Beaufor Scheelite 0.57 0.46 247.00 5.81 121.00 4.70 138600 0.08 0.28 2.90 26.90
LAMA-01 (L1a) Lamaque Scheelite 0.35 1.59 253.00 19.00 228.00 121.00 139100 0.44 1.56 2.19 30.00
LAMA-01 (L1b) Lamaque Scheelite 0.35 1.48 204.00 13.50 156.00 114.00 138500 0.74 1.34 2.04 27.70
LAMA-01 (L1bulk) Lamaque Scheelite 0.30 1.43 229.00 23.90 152.00 106.00 139100 1.10 1.49 2.38 32.90
94-GB-15A (L1a) Sigma Scheelite 0.84 240.10 2.98 209.00 1.43 139500 0.08 0.13 9.39 22.20
94-GB-15A (L1b) Sigma Scheelite 0.42 1.69 101.70 4.76 224.00 1.75 137800 0.07 0.12 3.25 27.00
94-GB-15A (L1bulk) Sigma Scheelite 0.15 3.20 172.00 7.00 197.00 1.38 138300 0.28 0.14 6.25 29.10
94-GB-15A (L2a) Sigma Scheelite 0.45 1.19 127.20 3.96 179.00 2.44 136800 0.17 0.11 3.69 21.40
94-GB-15A (L2b) Sigma Scheelite 0.20 1.16 275.00 2.88 245.00 2.00 137500 0.28 0.13 5.57 26.30
94-GB-15A (L2bulk) Sigma Scheelite 0.36 1.38 157.00 3.93 194.00 2.05 138200 0.12 0.12 3.98 22.70
94-GB-15A (L3) Sigma Scheelite 39.00 274.00 63.00 590.00 148.00 3.65 137700 2.40 0.62 8.08 124.00
SIGM-01 (L1a) Sigma Scheelite 0.57 1.26 115.80 6.96 109.00 13.50 138400 0.14 0.11 4.00 18.10
SIGM-01 (L1b) Sigma Scheelite 0.22 1.18 245.10 9.52 149.00 10.80 139700 0.06 0.16 3.23 22.60
SIGM-01 (L1bulk) Sigma Scheelite 0.35 1.29 184.00 8.24 144.00 8.80 139300 0.08 0.13 3.72 21.50
SIGM-01 (L2a) Sigma Scheelite 1.31 289.30 10.64 396.00 144.00 19.00 139400 0.12 0.16 10.04 22.70
SIGM-01 (L3b) Sigma Scheelite 1.18 1.44 105.60 15.60 145.00 8.10 140000 0.11 0.18 2.92 21.90
SIGM-01 (L4a) Sigma Scheelite 0.11 1.74 300.00 49.60 271.00 78.00 139800 0.61 0.10 7.89 22.30
SIGM-01 (L4b) Sigma Scheelite 0.52 1.33 151.00 21.50 224.00 223.00 9.20 140100 0.13 0.15 5.25 20.20
SIGM-01 (L5a) Sigma Scheelite 0.80 1.34 130.30 7.17 130.00 124.00 40.70 138770 0.22 0.13 3.37 21.20
Sch1-2 Till-2 Scheelite 1.27 1.60 205.00 111.70 70.00 139000 12.70 1.55 1.90 6.80 233.00
Sch1-5 Till-2 Scheelite 0.68 1.60 208.00 5.42 12.00 139700 0.77 3.16 39.00
Sch1-8 Till-3 Scheelite 0.34 1.23 75.00 3.62 14.00 138200 2.11 4.07 32.00

122
Sample number Co Cu Zn As Sr Y Nb Mo Ag Sn Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu
96-DP-162 (L1) 0.01 9.42 0.69 9.68 558.00 448.00 6.00 63.50 0.30 1.99 16.80 5.91 63.20 53.40 23.22
96-DP-162 (L2a) 0.01 10.60 0.90 11.90 563.00 483.00 6.92 61.10 0.26 3.17 19.80 6.70 70.20 59.40 24.30
96-DP-162 (L2b) 7.50 0.60 9.00 493.00 327.00 4.62 63.10 0.41 2.80 17.20 5.50 55.00 45.60 18.30
96-DP-162 (L3a) 10.70 0.37 7.40 541.00 419.00 4.11 65.60 0.21 4.80 29.00 8.90 85.00 69.60 29.20
96-DP-162 (L3b) 0.02 14.10 0.68 7.70 589.00 471.00 4.86 67.00 0.47 4.60 28.80 8.60 88.00 71.00 30.00
96-DP-162 (L3c) 0.02 11.40 0.95 11.30 574.00 238.00 3.70 209.00 0.35 0.96 8.35 3.28 39.60 38.30 14.70
96-DP-162 (L3d) 14.80 0.61 6.90 554.00 397.00 4.38 61.10 0.17 2.15 16.80 5.82 67.50 61.20 26.40
96-DP-162 (L3e) 0.02 12.40 0.74 7.66 579.00 393.00 4.50 61.70 0.48 2.18 17.40 6.10 70.00 60.10 26.20
96-DP-162 (L3f) 0.03 10.40 0.60 6.40 560.00 418.00 4.84 68.30 0.14 4.89 31.60 9.80 96.30 73.80 29.30
96-DP-162 (L3bulk) 0.01 11.70 0.61 7.40 561.00 394.00 4.36 79.00 0.29 3.18 21.50 7.08 75.10 63.20 26.10
96-DP-162 (L4a) 0.01 6.42 0.42 9.10 538.00 612.00 6.80 67.10 0.02 0.11 2.54 21.10 7.36 82.60 75.20 26.60
96-DP-162 (L4b) 0.01 5.98 0.42 9.95 542.00 540.00 5.43 65.80 0.18 2.38 19.40 6.74 76.20 67.80 25.30
96-DP-162 (L4c) 5.70 0.48 11.10 544.00 348.00 4.42 61.20 0.21 1.56 14.40 5.46 67.00 55.90 22.90
B580-15 (L1a) 0.02 8.70 0.31 3.17 667.00 853.00 7.84 16.90 0.11 6.10 56.90 22.30 277.00 261.00 69.20
B580-15 (L1b) 0.02 9.73 0.20 6.80 660.00 780.00 7.27 25.00 0.27 260.00 630.00 110.00 770.00 390.00 88.00
B580-15 (L1bulk) 0.02 9.20 0.25 4.30 672.00 842.00 7.81 19.80 0.15 71.00 210.00 47.00 420.00 305.00 77.20
B580-15 (L2a) 0.02 7.40 0.31 2.00 651.00 267.50 3.95 18.99 0.27 5.27 37.60 12.58 131.40 93.40 27.10
B580-15 (L3a) 0.02 2.93 0.09 3.43 700.00 661.00 8.64 17.97 0.16 10.30 69.00 23.90 278.00 242.00 59.80
B580-15 (L3b) 0.01 6.70 0.20 3.19 653.00 800.00 9.72 18.80 0.06 11.50 82.00 26.30 304.00 266.00 69.40
B580-15 (L3c) 2.96 0.13 2.74 635.00 576.00 7.14 17.20 0.28 5.10 44.20 17.50 222.00 208.00 56.00
B580-15 (L3bulk) 0.01 3.67 0.12 3.06 658.00 657.00 7.97 17.87 0.17 8.40 60.60 21.80 258.00 231.00 60.00
B580-15 (L4a) 0.00 6.29 0.54 5.90 654.00 492.00 7.05 19.00 0.07 0.40 5.40 38.50 15.00 188.00 180.00 46.20
B580-15 (L4b) 0.02 9.00 0.66 4.33 656.00 589.00 7.47 19.50 0.02 0.04 0.40 5.10 71.00 16.30 204.00 194.00 52.40
LAMA-01 (L1a) 0.06 10.70 3.54 43.00 812.00 575.00 2.26 46.60 0.01 0.11 0.51 19.00 145.00 47.00 490.00 330.00 94.00
LAMA-01 (L1b) 0.01 10.30 3.04 21.50 772.00 328.00 2.02 42.50 0.02 0.06 0.20 9.00 77.00 28.10 300.00 205.00 65.00
LAMA-01 (L1bulk) 0.03 12.50 3.03 35.10 788.00 504.00 2.19 42.10 0.01 0.07 0.34 13.60 108.00 36.40 383.00 311.00 79.70
94-GB-15A (L1a) 0.01 0.22 9.33 267.00 605.00 2.45 5.54 0.10 33.10 185.20 38.30 231.00 80.00 125.60
94-GB-15A (L1b) 0.01 1.40 0.18 6.64 266.10 521.00 2.24 5.07 0.18 13.40 72.00 17.30 120.00 51.80 102.90
94-GB-15A (L1bulk) 0.01 0.26 0.13 8.45 265.60 630.00 2.40 5.22 0.11 44.00 206.00 41.00 239.00 81.00 129.00
94-GB-15A (L2a) 0.01 0.27 0.24 6.41 295.20 606.00 2.57 5.10 0.03 32.10 177.00 35.80 213.00 74.80 135.00
94-GB-15A (L2b) 0.41 0.14 8.84 288.00 664.00 3.41 5.66 0.15 38.00 201.00 42.70 278.00 108.10 130.70
94-GB-15A (L2bulk) 0.01 0.29 0.18 7.05 293.40 636.00 2.68 5.29 0.08 32.40 181.50 37.20 223.70 79.90 134.60
94-GB-15A (L3) 0.01 0.59 0.33 13.60 254.10 600.00 3.12 5.02 0.03 0.20 27.90 165.30 38.00 262.00 106.50 117.50
SIGM-01 (L1a) 0.01 0.27 0.61 11.42 255.40 624.00 3.86 4.83 0.01 0.05 0.10 27.40 185.00 42.40 290.00 114.40 107.80
SIGM-01 (L1b) 0.01 0.11 0.71 13.05 213.00 648.00 4.27 4.71 0.09 0.14 32.40 213.60 48.70 334.00 135.20 124.30
SIGM-01 (L1bulk) 0.01 0.16 0.57 11.86 233.60 608.00 3.87 4.81 0.06 0.14 28.20 187.80 43.20 299.00 120.10 113.10
SIGM-01 (L2a) 0.01 0.31 0.63 9.81 199.90 589.80 4.02 4.48 0.01 0.07 0.17 18.66 142.00 37.37 278.00 124.80 112.30
SIGM-01 (L3b) 0.01 0.20 0.61 10.71 211.10 660.00 4.63 4.88 0.04 0.13 0.15 42.00 240.00 52.00 375.00 169.00 123.00
SIGM-01 (L4a) 0.00 1.14 0.99 8.32 253.20 551.00 2.65 5.45 0.01 0.25 0.28 20.90 148.90 35.80 245.00 96.00 121.70
SIGM-01 (L4b) 0.00 0.18 0.63 11.30 247.90 646.00 4.02 5.21 0.01 0.14 0.23 33.00 181.00 41.50 292.00 124.00 119.90
SIGM-01 (L5a) 0.01 0.41 1.67 8.01 268.20 533.00 2.86 5.10 0.01 0.20 0.12 22.40 149.00 32.70 209.00 75.70 117.10
Sch1-2 0.21 6.40 3.00 6.70 392.00 409.00 3.23 74.10 0.09 0.93 3.10 20.30 7.07 86.60 79.50 39.00
Sch1-5 0.01 0.59 0.53 9.50 341.00 372.00 2.77 130.30 0.18 3.86 28.70 10.09 109.10 85.20 29.99
Sch1-8 0.01 0.42 0.43 6.80 102.20 95.40 1.87 908.00 1.50 8.12 36.40 8.87 76.60 21.70 3.78

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Sample number Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Ta W Pb Th U
96-DP-162 (L1) 149.90 28.91 177.00 29.31 56.40 4.75 16.82 1.14 0.04 680000 6.52 0.034 0.008
96-DP-162 (L2a) 167.10 32.00 196.00 31.20 57.50 4.73 16.70 1.03 0.05 673000 5.69 0.011 0.014
96-DP-162 (L2b) 119.00 23.70 138.80 21.70 38.80 3.08 10.00 0.58 0.04 671000 5.31 0.009 0.015
96-DP-162 (L3a) 177.00 32.10 184.00 28.20 51.60 4.41 16.10 1.06 0.04 695000 11.60 0.004 0.002
96-DP-162 (L3b) 187.00 34.60 200.00 31.70 58.10 4.67 17.00 1.11 0.05 739000 7.60 0.003 0.006
96-DP-162 (L3c) 113.00 20.50 113.30 17.30 30.60 2.46 9.40 0.60 0.02 728000 9.60 0.011 0.007
96-DP-162 (L3d) 169.00 31.30 174.00 27.70 50.60 4.04 15.40 1.00 0.04 717000 7.87 0.005 0.007
96-DP-162 (L3e) 163.00 30.00 170.90 27.03 52.00 4.15 15.64 1.04 0.04 681000 6.74 0.005 0.004
96-DP-162 (L3f) 190.00 33.80 193.00 30.10 53.70 4.21 14.80 0.90 0.03 683000 8.55 0.001 0.003
96-DP-162 (L3bulk) 168.30 30.50 173.60 27.30 50.00 4.07 14.93 0.96 0.04 700000 8.28 0.006 0.005
96-DP-162 (L4a) 208.00 40.60 248.00 39.10 69.40 5.53 18.30 1.01 0.07 701000 15.50 0.010 0.003
96-DP-162 (L4b) 191.70 37.10 226.00 36.00 63.70 4.92 16.30 0.92 0.05 685000 14.82 0.006 0.003
96-DP-162 (L4c) 152.00 28.00 166.00 25.10 42.60 3.26 10.00 0.52 0.03 691000 15.00 0.005 0.001
B580-15 (L1a) 568.00 86.60 444.00 64.50 116.00 10.03 40.60 3.62 0.06 701000 16.00 0.005 0.011
B580-15 (L1b) 620.00 88.00 412.00 56.10 95.40 7.64 29.60 2.55 0.05 697000 7.31 0.015 0.024
B580-15 (L1bulk) 600.00 89.90 446.00 63.20 112.10 9.53 38.60 3.38 0.07 709000 34.00 0.012 0.014
B580-15 (L2a) 167.30 24.71 122.90 17.56 32.40 2.91 12.28 1.10 0.04 707000 23.00 0.003 0.006
B580-15 (L3a) 509.00 75.00 366.00 51.50 90.90 7.12 27.10 2.40 0.07 720000 13.10 0.002 0.008
B580-15 (L3b) 571.00 85.20 431.00 62.30 111.50 9.17 37.40 3.35 0.08 736000 25.00 0.011 0.010
B580-15 (L3c) 441.00 65.40 318.00 45.00 77.90 6.19 23.50 2.09 0.06 684000 12.11 0.001 0.007
B580-15 (L3bulk) 490.00 72.20 356.00 50.80 89.30 7.15 28.10 2.44 0.06 699000 16.50 0.005 0.010
B580-15 (L4a) 390.00 57.70 286.00 40.10 68.90 5.49 20.90 1.81 0.05 712000 18.60 0.008
B580-15 (L4b) 422.00 62.40 313.00 45.10 80.30 6.62 26.80 2.39 0.05 707000 31.00 0.005 0.015
LAMA-01 (L1a) 446.00 59.60 293.00 40.20 71.30 6.04 24.50 1.94 0.03 709000 179.00 0.010 0.016
LAMA-01 (L1b) 281.00 35.90 174.00 24.00 42.20 3.27 13.50 1.09 0.03 690000 155.00 0.006 0.026
LAMA-01 (L1bulk) 373.00 50.80 249.00 34.30 61.30 5.16 21.40 1.72 0.03 694000 168.00 0.050 0.130
94-GB-15A (L1a) 100.10 16.53 107.00 18.93 48.90 5.87 30.31 2.68 0.04 715000 16.30 0.008 0.005
94-GB-15A (L1b) 73.50 12.90 87.30 16.30 43.40 5.56 29.90 2.76 0.04 720000 31.80 0.011 0.005
94-GB-15A (L1bulk) 100.00 16.70 107.80 19.20 50.00 6.13 32.20 2.89 0.04 720000 24.00 0.021 0.006
94-GB-15A (L2a) 93.90 15.80 103.70 18.80 48.90 6.16 33.80 3.04 0.04 725000 27.90 0.031 0.007
94-GB-15A (L2b) 143.00 22.90 143.00 24.90 60.50 6.83 32.90 2.91 0.05 750000 26.40 0.014 0.002
94-GB-15A (L2bulk) 101.70 17.00 109.90 19.93 51.90 6.50 35.20 3.17 0.05 734000 26.68 0.026 0.006
94-GB-15A (L3) 138.80 22.13 134.00 22.64 53.70 5.73 26.90 2.29 0.05 716000 18.60 0.012 0.005
SIGM-01 (L1a) 137.70 22.16 134.40 22.48 51.80 5.93 31.00 2.58 0.05 666000 71.20 0.013 0.008
SIGM-01 (L1b) 164.80 25.40 151.10 24.80 56.60 6.40 32.60 2.82 0.06 656000 61.70 0.015 0.005
SIGM-01 (L1bulk) 145.60 22.70 136.00 22.50 51.80 5.85 30.30 2.57 0.05 664400 65.10 0.013 0.005
SIGM-01 (L2a) 158.70 24.87 145.70 23.75 52.65 5.56 26.54 2.19 0.05 674200 63.00 0.004 0.004
SIGM-01 (L3b) 219.00 32.00 184.00 28.60 62.00 6.50 31.70 2.85 0.06 690000 77.60 0.014 0.005
SIGM-01 (L4a) 120.10 18.90 113.90 19.10 44.80 5.12 26.60 2.22 0.05 692000 128.50 0.004 0.008
SIGM-01 (L4b) 165.00 25.80 152.00 25.30 57.20 6.14 30.60 2.54 0.05 669000 103.80 0.015 0.004
SIGM-01 (L5a) 93.80 15.11 94.80 16.47 40.60 4.99 27.10 2.33 0.05 690000 71.60 0.021 0.008
Sch1-2 200.00 32.90 174.00 28.00 60.60 6.45 33.10 3.99 0.04 646000 9.00 0.105 0.220
Sch1-5 189.00 30.90 164.00 25.40 47.60 4.79 21.55 2.19 0.03 686000 6.82 0.007 0.007
Sch1-8 33.70 3.79 21.20 4.73 10.94 1.12 4.61 0.61 0.01 664000 0.95 0.032

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