R-CHIAN JOSE | 3NUR4 COMPELEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES (CAM) - MED SURG (Monthlys)

COMPLEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE

THERAPIES
National Center for Complimentary & Alternative Medicine
(NCCAM)
 Established 1992
 Fund studies examining effectiveness of various
complimentary therapies
 Advance knowledge about complimentary therapies
of health professionals
 Clearing house for info about these Tx.
Complimentary
- Additional treatment
- we’re not removing any treatment coming from the
doctor.
Alternative
- Substitution for traditional treatments
COMPELEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES (CAM)
 Diverse medical & health care systems, practices,
and products that are not presently considered to be
part of conventional medicine (NCCAM)
 ex: Healing-Galing
 healing philosophies, approaches, & therapies that
mainstream Western Medicine does not commonly
use, accept, study, understand, or make available.
 Adjunct to traditional health modalities
o Indications: Stress, anxiety, depression,
other physical & emotional states
 Supplement / augment conventional therapy
o guided imagery, music, relaxation
techniques
o Ask the patient first if they have any trauma
(particularly in water, wind, etc.)
CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
 Medicine practiced by holders of M.D. & D.O.
(doctor of osteopathy) degrees & by allied
professionals (RN, Physical therapist & Psychologist)
***Some conventional practitioners are also
practitioners of cam
 Example: Using Aroma therapy  decrease
post-op pain
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
 Used instead of conventional treatment
 Ex:
o Acupuncture instead of analgesic
o Yoga instead of antidepressants
o Tai Chi instead of anti-obesity
 Combines mainstream medical therapies + CAM
therapies with high-quality evidence of safety +
effectiveness
 example: Nurses using non pharmacologic measures
(massage, touch, distraction, relaxation techniques)
+ ordered analgesics for pain relief.
Why do people choose Alternative Therapies?
2 Main Reasons:
1. High personal involvement in decision making
2. Hope for gaining therapeutic benefits
Other reasons of Choice of CAM:
 Unregulated (less strict regulation of the FDA)
 Unprescribed
 Easy access
 Less expensive
CATEGORY EXAMPLES:
Systems of Traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic
Care (yoga), Native American/American Indian
medicine, Homeopathy
Mind-body Imagery, meditation, music, journaling,
therapies humor, biofeedback, yoga, prayer
Biologic-based Herbs, aromatherapy, special diets
therapies (Ornish, Pritikin), nutritional and food
supplements
Manipulative Chiropractic treatment, massage, light &
& Body based color therapies, hydrotherapy, Tai Chi,
therapies reflexology
Energy Healing touch, reiki, external Qi-gong,
therapies magnets
ROLE of NURSE in CAM:
 Assess patient’s use of therapies
o safety
o Perceived effectiveness
o Satisfaction
 Knowledge of patient’s use of CAM is important
o Care plan
o Determine how conventional treatments &
CAM can be safely combined to benefit
patient
 Better understanding of therapies
o Educate patients about specific therapies &
their effects.
o Majority of the herbal meds are Blood-
thinners.
o Potential benefits to patients
o Refer patients to appropriate providers for
desired therapies.
 Obtain health history from patient
 Initiates discussion about use of CAM modalities
R-CHIAN JOSE | 3NUR4 COMPELEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES (CAM) - MED SURG (Monthlys)
 Educates patients about possible adverse reactions, Acupuncture (TCM)
provide information from NCCAM  used of metallic needles on one of 365 – 700
 Teach lifestyle-modification behavior that could acupoints
prevent development of acute or chronic problems.  Along meridian  simulate flow of Qi of body
 >2k acupoints in body
ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEM  Painless, 15min / session
 Major Eastern Whole Medical Systems  Haku point
 Traditional Chinese Medicine o back of hand between 1st-2nd metacarpal
o Acupuncture bones
o Chinese  Indications:
o Massage & Manipulation o Pain, stimulate immune system, diarrhea,
 Ayurvedic Medicine common colds
 Major Western Whole Medical Systems  Stimulate CNS  release chemicals into muscles, SC,
 Curanderismo brain
 Homeopathy  3 Main Mechanisms:
 Naturopathy 1. Conduction of electromagnetic signals
2. Activation of opiod systems
CLASSFICATIONS of Complimentary & Alternative Med. 3. Changes in brain chemistry, sensation &
 System of care involuntary body functions.
 Mind-Body therapies
 Biologic-based therapies Ayurvedic Medicine
 Manipulative & body-based therapies  India; Sanskrit: ayus “Life” + veda “science”
 Energy therapies  “science of life”
 Balance of 3 substances:
o Wind / Spirit / Air
SYSTEMS OF CARE o Phlegm
 “alternative medical systems” o Bile
 Complete systems of theory & practice different  Forms:
from conventional medicine o Yoga (Sanskrit: “yoke”)
 Ex: o Meditation
o Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qigong, o Massage
Acupressure)
o Ayurvedic medicine (Yoga) Homeopathy
o Native American/American Indian medicine  Greek “homoios” (like) + “pathos” (suffering)
o Homeopathy  Vital force’s ability to react & adapt to internal &
external causes
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE  Heavily diluted preps  cause effects similar to
 complete system of healing symptoms presented
 Originated 200 B.C. in written form
 Korea, Japan, Vietnam MIND – BODY THERAPIES
o based their medical system from practices  Techniques to facilitate mind’s ability to affect
originating China symptoms & bodily functions
 Principle: body is a delicate balance  Examples:
o Yin represents cold, slow, or passive o Imagery
principle o Meditation
o Yang represents hot, excited or active o Music
principle. o Journaling
o Biofeedback
Qi (Ki), the Vital Energy o Yoga
 Invisible flow of energy o Prayer
 flows in body along network of energy circuits called o Dance
meridians. o Art therapy
 Obstruction in normal flow of Qi  illnesses
R-CHIAN JOSE | 3NUR4 COMPELEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES (CAM) - MED SURG (Monthlys)
Journaling o Reflexology (foot)
 Reflective therapies
 Recording process of one’s life Massage
 Free flowing journaling  Various strokes & pressures to manipulate soft
o most common tissues
 Uses: o Swedish (vigorous with long, flowing
o Express feelings strokes)
o Gain new perspectives o Esalen (light touch)
o Pay attention to what is in the unconscious o Neuromascular (deep tissues)
 Indications: o Shiatsu (Japanese pressure points)
o Pain  Indications:
o Emotional problems o Stress / tension (relaxation)
o Aggressive behavior (dementia)
Imagery o Pain
 Think about pleasant event or beautiful scene o Insomnia
 Mental representation of an object, place, event,  Contraindications:
situation that is perceived via the senses. o Reddened, bruised, infected areas.
 Prior to imagery (prompts / videos):
o Tensing, relaxing muscles Tai Chi
o Deep breathing  Holistic movement (China, Taiwan, Japan)
 Indications:  Traditional Chinese amrtial art adoapted to mind-
o Pain bodye xercise
o N/A  Promote flow of qi energy throughout body
o Anxiety  Integrate body movements, mind cioncentration,
o Promoting comfort during TX for cancer muscle relaxation & breathing
 Adverse reactions: o achieved desired outcome
o increased anxiety  Styles:
o Difficulty breathing o Chen (quick, slow large movements)
o Yang (slow large movements)
Meditation o Sun (quick compact)
 Self-directed practice for relaxing body & calming o Tai Chi Chih (simple repetitive moves)
mind  Indications:
 4 Types (Everly & Rosenfield, 1981): o Weight loss
1. Mental repetition (Mantra) o stress (relaxation)
2. Physical repetition (breathing, walking) o Concentration
 Labyrinths (circles) o Exercise (increase muscle tone)
3. Problem contemplation (solving o energize
riddle/koan)
4. Visual concentration (imagery) BIOLOGICAL-BASED THERAPIES
 Indications:  Natural & biologically based practices, interventions
o Pain and products.
o Anxiety  Herbal preparations & food additives
o Relieve symptoms of Psoriasis  Lack of strict regulations
 Promote health  Types:
o Aromatherapy (essential oils)
MANIPULATIVE & BODY-ASSISTED THERAPIES o Herbal preparations
 Interventions based on body movements. o Special diets (Drs. Atkins, Ornish, Pritikin)
 Types: o Orthomolecular therapies (Magnesium,
o Chirporactic (spine) megadoses of Vits)
o Osteopathy (bones) o Biologic (bee pollen, shark cartilage)
o Massgae (soft tissues)
o Tai Chi
o Dance
R-CHIAN JOSE | 3NUR4 COMPELEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES (CAM) - MED SURG (Monthlys)
Aromatherapy ENERGY THERAPIES
 Use of essential oils for their expected outcomes  Interventions using energy fields within body
that are measurable (biofields) or externally (electromagnetic field)
 Via: smell, compresses, baths, topical skin  Healing touch
application. o use energy-based techniques to balance &
 Indications & Types: aligh human energy field
 Lavender (lavandula officinalis)  Types:
 Ease depression, relaxation, sleep o Therapeutic touch
 Rose (Rosa dermacesna) o Magnetic uncuffling
 Relaxation, sleep o Magnets / magnetic fields
 Peppermint (menthe piperita) o Alternating / direct lectric fields
 stimulation, concentration o Reiki
 Tea tree
 tx MRSA infections Therapeutic Touch
 Sandal Wood (Santalum album)  Use of hands on / near body with intention to heal
 depression  Assumptions:
o illness is imbalance in energy flow/pattern
Herbal Preparations  Practitioner intervenes in recipient’s energy field to
 Unregulaed, unprescribed  stimulate healing potential.
o Liver toxicity  5 STEPS:
o Potentiate other drugs 1. Centering
 Alter BP 2. Assessing energy field
 bleeding 3. Clearing & mobilizing patient’s energy field
 electrolytes imbalance 4. Directing energy for healing
 dysrhythmias 5. Balancing energy field.
 Uses:  Indications:
o Promote health o Anxiety
o Prevent diseases o Pain
o Cure variety of ailments. o improve immune system, functional ability
 Caution: extremes of age.

Reiki
 “healing energy” (ki) through palms
 means “universal life energy”
 Originated in Japan
 practitioner places his hands on or near person
receiving treatment, with intent to transmit ki
 Ki “life source energy”
 Indications:
o Stress reduction
o relaxation

External Qi Gong
 ancient form of exercise therapy
 translated as ‘energy work’ or ‘breath discipline’
 Combining breathing, mental focus, stretching, &
movement
 Qigong master heals patient by clearing away
blockages & re-balancing body’s energy balance
 Indications / Uses:
o promotes enhancement of flow of Qi (life
source energy) in the body
R-CHIAN JOSE | 3NUR4 COMPELEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES (CAM) - MED SURG (Monthlys)
Magnetic unruffling  CAM could interfere with prescribed medication,
 Practitioner move their hands from above head – anesthesia or surgery.
past feet of patient
 Fingers as magnets collecting excess energy
  till body feels like glass ----------------------------- end of topic -----------------------------------
 Indications:
o s/p gen anesthesia
o Chemical dependency d/o
o Chronic pain
o Systemic illness

Magnets
 Use of magnets via bracelets, wide belts, orthotics,
in matress, pillows
 Indications:
o Chronic pain (back)
o Joint pain

ANIMAL – ASSITED THERAPIES

 Uses:
o Improve motor skills
o Increase ability to concentrate
 Animal companionship & (+) health outcomes
 Dogs, birds, cats
 Pet therapy
o increased socialization / keeping person in
touch with reality

HEALTH RISKS THAT HERBAL REMEDIES & DIETARY

SUPPLEMENTS CAN POSE:
 Current laws do not give a strict definition of term
“supplement”
 Manufacturers of supplements may only make
general claims about their claims
 Herb manufacturers are not required to
demonstrate safety, efficacy or quality of their
products
 Supplement manufacturers are not held to strict
standards
 Food companies can make health claims if most of
scientific evidence supports claim
 Placebo effect plays significant role in use of herbal
remedies & supplements
 Most medicinal plants are untested
 At least 30% of all modern drugs are actually derived
from plants
 Under FDA Philippines.

RISK POSED by CAM:

 Most herbal remedies & supplements are untested
 unknown adverse effects on body