CH5: Elements, Compounds, and Mixture

Elements:
Atoms alike in all aspects; including their physical and chemical properties. Ex:
hydrogen

Molecules(Compounds):
When 2+ atoms of the same or different kind react together chemically, they form
a molecules. Ex: O2 and H2O

 A molecule made of solely 1 type of atom is called as the molecule of the

element. Ex: O2
 A molecule made of 2+ types of atoms is called as the molecule of the
resulting compound. Ex: H2O

Diatomic Molecules: molecules consisting of 2 atoms

Triatomic Molecules: molecules consisting of 3 atoms.

Mixtures:
Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined. Ex: Sand
and Salt, Oil and Water.

Alloys

Mixture of metals. The constituting metals have different atomic sizes. When a
force is applied, the layers have great difficulty in slipping past each other. This is
why alloys are strong. Ex: Brass; Cu + Zn / Bronze; Cu + Sn.
 Compounds vs Mixtures
Compounds
Pure
Ratio of constituent elements fixed.
Ex: H2O = 2 atoms of H per atom of O.
Formation requires energy
Constituent elements chemically combined
Compound's constituents either cannot be
separated or can only be separated using
difficult chemical reactions.
Constituents do not retain their properties.
Mixtures
Impure
Unfixed ratio of constituent elements.
Ex: Sulfur and Iron filling mixture
Fe: S = X : X
No energy required for formation
No chemical reactions b/w elements.
Separation of constituent elements done
relatively easily through physical means.
Constituents retain their properties.