90031631

SAI SWA TYOTHH

Pre-lab

1) We can pimary key in schema

speciy
descriptioo by underlining he respectTve attibute

with a bold ine

Metadata is about dala

2)

3) Theunton is a bfary Setopeator in DEMS

I t is used to combne e result Set o

tuwo seleat queries

Intormation Rule:
A)Rule 1

The daa stored tn a dala ba se, may it

user daã or Meta dala must be valuc

Value
be

table o a dala bas

o Sonme cellEverything
must be stored i a table ormat
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SAl SIUA 1}oTH

Role 2 Cuarenteed Access Rule

Every Sinqle dal element 5 quare nteed

to be acce sible lbglcally th a comblnatarn

o table - nanme, Primary-key (no value) an d

attribute -name olumo value) No 0ther means , such

be used to access dala

pointers, can

Rule 3 9stemati c Teatment of NOLL Values

The NOLL values i a dald base musT be qiven

Systematic. and unijorm treatment This is a

rule be cause aNULL Can

Ve
VCIy important be

nterpre red as 0 Of he followinq- dala S

missing data is Oot knoo0 ,or dal is o appllcable

Rule 4 Active onlone Cataloq

The stucure desciption Of the enti re

database must be stored in an online Cataloa,

known as data direc

ctor4,which can be acesa{

by cuthoriised
by users
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SAI SIVA1YOTH

Kole S' Comprehensive Dala

Sub-Lanquage Rule
Role.
A dalabase can on be accessea usio

lanquaqe havinq tinear Syntax tha support

languaqe
dala lefintton, data Manipulai on o nd trans
transacti
Manaqe ment 0peraions

Rule 6 View updating Rule

A ll the vieus ot a
dala baSe, which can

theorettcally be updated
Rule f Hgh le vel Inse rt update an d Delete Rule
A chlabase must
support high-level nser tin
updaton and delettonD
Rule B Physical Data
Indcpendene
The data stoved in a ata base must be

independent or the app lications That access

the data baE.
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SAl SVA TYOTHH

Role 9 Loqical Dala Independence.

The loqt cal dala in a dala base must be

users View Capplicati on) . Any

indeperdent ot IIS

(nloqtcal dala must not aftEct the

change

applicaon using it

Rue 0' Inteq1ity 1ndependeNce.

A dalabase must be indepement or The

uses tThiS tule makes the

applicaHsn that

Indepedent o The TOnt-end applicatiaon

dala base
and Intertae

Role' DIstrt butlon I ntependence

The eQd-user mus ono be qble toSee

toSee htht

ver Variou_ ocatl ons

ocatf ons
buted o
e elata is dlisi

Rulei2 Non-SubVerston rule

I SYstem has an
nterhae that pro vlde

access to tow-evef ecordS

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SA SVA TYdH

5) ReiatHonal Alqeba S proce dual quey

whic takes instares

oe
elafoos a
taDguage,
rehttons
apd yie lds nstanCes of as
output
npu

IFuSes opec tors to peiom aueries

PoST-LAB

)Rule-01 For sttong entHty set oith onls Simple

attvibutes

A Strong entity set wtn cnly simple attrtkutes

requive only oDe table tnrelatfonal moqet

Role-02! For strong ent y Se with composite

Compostte

attributs

A sttong entity Kt wit aoy umberof

Composie altiibu tes dll requtre only onee

in
cationa madel
madel
table
wnnwwm
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SAI SIUA IYtH

Role-03 For stiong entity set with Multi'valued Attlbuis

table willcontatn all the simple qttributes wlth

Yone

key
the primary key

other table uwll Contain the primary key anc all

muli-valua attri bufes

the
The

Rule-04 Ttanslatig RelqttonshIp set into a table

S e o f non-desriph ve attri buts wl be 1be

prtmary key

Role-ost For Binay Pelationshblps nith card nallfy

Patt os
The followl 4 cases are possible

ase-ol! Binay re latonship th cadinalty vato m:n

Case-02 1 Binary reation shi p wltH Cardnatity 7atto n

ottD ardi oallty vatio m

case-03! BInary vela onshiP

CaSe-04 Bnar y rehtorEhIP with Card nallty 7 atT o

 003163)
SAI SIUA 1Yor

Rule-061 For Binary elatíonship corth Botb

Both
cadinalifs constrainis and participattor Conshai

Because CTolal participation consraios, fo renn

NOT NULL 0nstiaint e now

Key acquuires

orelq key
cannot be noll

Role-011 For Binar Relation shi p wltth Weak entt ty

set

Weak enttty set alwmys appeais n associatio

to fth tden Hfyfnq felattonshp with to la parti

Constran

) per ID act as foreign key in Passpor

and aS we CombIne and

and per
pe ITP
Passport no

it wll be uolque
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AI SUA 1yoTHi

3)Every student can enroll only in one clective

eouse but tor an electve course bere tan be

more Than one Student

4) T is a speci alization

In a disjoiot specializatto n, also Called and

exclusve specializa tto0 an ndivdual oF The

aren class may be, a member ot only 0 De

specialized Subclass

5) TUPLE Relational Caluculus CRC).

)In TRS,tbe ariables Cpiesent the

tuples
tiom speutied teaton

)A tupe is a
siqe aement of rela tion
ID data baC termit (s a
ro w
3) In this jtlEertng variabe uSes tuple o
relatio n
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SAi SIUA TYOTk

4) Notation

TIPCT) 3 or
T| Conelitfco (T)3
EXamplet

STEMPioyEF (T) AND TDEPT-ID =lo2

Domain Relattonal Caluclus (DA):

1) TD DRS, the Varlables tepiesenthe value

r a w trem pecibic doman

) A do mairn Is eihlent to cou mndata type

and afoy Constialnls Vale ot dola

is done based on the dOMas)

3) InthIS tltering

atfrIytes

4)Notatton

fal,a? a3 an P(aI,a2, 0, an)

tYample
1EMPLlo YEE>DEPI ID t02
 military.xml TerraERR
File Edit View Help

Object Inspector
Enbbes cation
Relatonshps
Attributes
ats rooa pantry m a i n t a ined b y pantry perso nnels
Omers Name
soldier
Rank vear or estp Oining yea
Tegion or servic
serial no ame
army serrvicing capaCIy location or servic designato
belongs to
aso contai
navy
goes for ar of esd
division special science divisonn Q weapons Iocation
unit
personnel coun Hrial no
designatiOn payroll
ssiOn nae
Fly zone airtorce

salary battle mission Khealed at medical division

designS

ca pacity Co
ocauOn ocauon
pdated YOD

N name runs by
Waepons tored in> ware house/depo
SsionS career record
tems store medical personnel
dme Specifications
area oining yeap
medals Name of stock roomD
ctegor Specia lisation
Categon
100% #«

NA
12:59 PM
ll 3-09-2020
 PASSPORT
person
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ENROLLS STUDENT
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