Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
10
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
GENERATING PATTERNS
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
circumstances.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.
To the Parent/Guardian:
This module was designed and developed to cater the academic needs of your child in
this trying time. Teaching and learning process do not only happen inside the four corners of a
classroom but also in your respective homes. We hope that you will cooperate, provide
encouragement and show full support to your children in answering all the activities found in this
module.
To the learner:
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create and accomplish
things. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and
empowered to achieve successfully the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and
time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
Welcome to Mathematics –Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Generating Patterns.
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE
1. Use the module with care. Do not put ani unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Write your answer for each task indicated in your mathematics activity notebook.
2. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task and only look at the answer key
AFTER answering, not BEFORE. Remember, honesty is the best policy.
3. any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.
Icons of This Module
This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are
What I Need
expected to learn in the module.
to Know
This part includes an activity that aims to check what you
What I already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers
Know correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson
What’s In with the previous one.
What I Can This section provides an activity which will help you transfer
Do your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your
Activities knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the module.
Answer
Keys
ii
What I Need to Know
How much you can learn from this module greatly depends
in your diligence and cooperation. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you
will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
What I Know
1
Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer in your activity notebook.
5. Using the pattern 3, 1, -1, -3…, what are the next three terms of the sequence?
A. -5, -7, -9 C. -5, -9, 7
B. -1, 1, 3 D. -3, -1, 1
6. What are the first three terms of the sequence with the nth term an = n2 + 2?
A. 3, 6, 15 C. 3, 6, 8
B. 3, 6, 10 D. 3, 6, 11
7. What are the next two numbers that will complete the terms of the sequence
16, 21, 26, 31, __, __ ?
1 of a Sequence
What’s In
This activity will measure your previous knowledge on the lesson of evaluating algebraic
expressions.
Directions: Evaluate the following expressions. Choose the number inside the box that
corresponds to your answer.
1. 8 + 9 ÷ 3 4. 3n – 1 when n = 3
2. 12 • ( 8 + 2 ) – 7 5. x + 3y; when x = 1, y = -2
3. 8 - 2 + 3
2
1
What’s New
Let’s Explore!
3
1. Study the figures below.
Questions:
2. Mr. Santos is planning to buy a laptop for his incoming Grade 10 student. To prepare
for this, he is thinking of saving P 1, 700.00 every month starting next month. He has
already saved P 5, 000 for this purpose.
Questions:
a. How much will Mr. Santos has saved after 2 months? After 3 months?
4 months? After 5 months? After 6 months? After 7 months?
Summarize your answer using the table below.
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No.
Savings
What Is It
The set of numbers and figures in the previous activity are called sequence. Each
number in a sequence is called a term.
For example, the numbers 1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51 is a sequence. The first term is 1, the
second term is 11, the third is 21, the fourth term is 31, the fifth term is 41 and the sixth term is
51.
Each term of a sequence can be represented as follows:
a (read as a sub 2)
2 represents the second term of the sequence
a (read as a sub 3)
3 represents the third term of the sequence
4
a (read as a sub 4)
4 represents the fourth term of the sequence
.. .
We need more than two terms to describe a sequence and the number of terms of a
sequence is denoted by n.
A sequence is a function whose domain is the finite set {1, 2, 3, …,n} or the infinite set
{1, 2, 3, … }.
Below are examples of the two types of sequence.
Sequence A Sequence B
10, 12, 14, 16, 18 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, …
Sequence A is a finite sequence because it has a last term, which is 18. Sequence B
is an infinite sequence because it has no last term, which means it continues infinitely.
A sequence is usually given by stating the general rule or its n term, hence we can find
th
Write the first 5 terms of the sequence whose nth term is given by
an=2n+1.
Solution: Since we are asked to find the first 5 terms of the sequence, then we
have to find a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5. Hence, the values of n to be substituted to
an=2n+1 are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Therefore, the first five terms of the sequence are {3, 5, 7, 9, 11}.
Solution: In the given example, we already know that an=42. We are asked to find
the value of n when an=42. To do this, we substitute the value of an, which is 42 to
an=3n-6 . Then, we have an=3n-6 → 42=3n-6
Adding both sides by 6, 42+6=3n -6(+6)
48=3n
Dividing both sides by 3, 48/3=3n/3
16=n
Therefore, 42 is the 16th term of the sequence an=3n-6.
What’s More
Let us put your understanding to the test by answering the following activities
below.
A. Classify Me.
Directions: Classify the following sequences as Finite Sequence or Infinite
sequence.
1. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9,…}
2. { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
3. Set of counting numbers
4. Set of even numbers from 2 to 20
5. Set of odd numbers divisible by 3
B. Matching Type.
Directions: Match the sequence written in general form in Column A with the
6
corresponding first three terms in Column B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. an = n + 5 A. 3, 7, 11
2. an = 4n - 1 B. -2, -7, -12
3. an = 2n2 C. 2, 8, 18
4. an = 5 – 2n D. 6, 7, 8
5. an = 3 – 5n E. 3, 2, -2
F. 3, 1, -1
What I Have Learned
After all the activities you have done so far, it’s now time to check how much you
have learned from the lesson.
An error has been made in finding the indicated term of each sequence.
Directions: Identify the error and replace it with the correct answer.
1. Find the 7th term of the sequence defined by the equation an = 7 – 5n.
Solution: an = 7 – 5n
a7 = 7 – 5 (7)
a7 = 2 (7)
a7 = 14
Directions: Read the problem carefully and make sure to write a complete solution.
Problem: It is alarming that many people now are getting infected by COVID-19. As the
chairman of the Barangay Youth Council, you want to effect change through educating
the residents in your Barangay on the preventive ways that can be done to keep COVID
– 19 away. Hence, you informed all of your members via 7
text message that your council will
be printing flyers about COVID – 19 and how to prevent it. Afterwards, you will be distributing it
to the respective Purok chairmen of your Barangay. On the first day, you were able to produce
50 flyers, then another 50 flyers on the second day, and so on.
Questions:
1. Assuming that the number of flyers continues to increase in the same manner, make
a table representing the number of flyers made from day 1 to day 5.
2. How many residents were possibly informed at the end of Day 5. Explain why.
Lesson
Finding the General rule or nth Term of a Sequence
2
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you had listed the terms of a given sequence provided
with its general rule. However, listing a few terms of a sequence is not enough to
determine its general rule or nth term, but you can make predictions by searching for a
pattern. However, there are sequences whose nth term are difficult to predict. That is
why it is necessary for you to learn the next topic.
What’s New
Each figure below is composed of square tiles.
Questions:
Figure
1. Is 1 aFigure
there 2 in the number
pattern Figureof
3 square tiles in each
Figure 4
figure? If there is,
describe it.
8
2. If the pattern continues, illustrate or draw the next figure.
3. Fill in the table below.
Figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of
Tiles
4. How is each term (number of squares) can be found?
What Is It
Were you able to predict the pattern easily given some of its terms? If not, don’t worry,
because you are about to learn how to find the general rule or nth term of a sequence given the
terms of the sequence.
There are two ways in finding the general rule of a sequence. One of these is by
inspection just like what we did with the sequence 1, 8, 27, 64. However, there are cases when
we cannot do it by inspection, but can be solved using algebraic methods.
an 1 4 9 16 25
Note that when the integers (n) are squared, the result is the sequence 1, 4, 9,16, 25.
Hence, the general rule of the given sequence is an=n2, so that
a1=11=1, a2=22=4 a3=32=9, a4=42=16, a5=52=25.
an 2 3 4 5
Note that when the integers (n) are added by 1, the result is the sequence 2, 3,
4, 5,… Hence, the general rule of the given sequence is an=n+1, so that
a1=1+1=2, a2=2+1=3, a3=3+1=4, a4=4+1=5, a5=5+1=6.
Find the general rule that describes the sequence -2, 0, 2, 4….
Solution: Observe that the general rule 9 of the given sequence cannot be easily
determined by inspection. Hence, we will solve this algebraically.
Step 1. Make a table showing the value of n and an.
Step 2. Find the differences between each term of the sequence. That is,
-2
Step 3. Since the differences are equal and a constant which is -2, it means that
the general rule of the sequence is linear in nature. Hence, we can use the linear
equation given by an=an+b to solve for the general rule. To do this, we have to solve for
the values of a and b. Thus, we need two equations to begin with.
Note that in the table, when n=1, an=-2. Substituting these values to
an=an+b, we get an=an+b → -2=a1+b
-2=a+b equation 1
Also, when n=2, an=0. Substituting these values to an=an+b,
we get an=an+b → 0=a2+b
0=2a+b equation 2
Step 4. Using equations 1 and 2, we will solve for the values of a and b by
elimination or substitution method.
-2=a+b equation 1
0=2a+b equation 2
Equations 1 and 2 can also be written as,
a+b=-2 equation 1
2a+b=0 equation 2
By elimination method, we will eliminate b to solve for a.
That is,
Since we already have the value of a, we can now solve for the value of b
by substituting a=2 to equation 1 or 2.
Hence, substituting the values a=2 and b=-4 to an=an+b, we will have an=2n-4.
Therefore, the general rule of the sequence is an = 2n - 4.
10
Find the nth term of the sequence 3, 5, 9, 15, 23, 33, …
Solution: Observe that the nth term of the given sequence cannot be easily
determined by inspection. Hence, we will solve this algebraically.
Step 1. Make a table showing the value of n and an.
Step 2. Find the difference between each term of the sequence. That is,
Step 3. Since the first differences are not equal, we get the second differences. Observe
that the second differences are equal and a constant which is 2, it means that the
nth term of the sequence is quadratic in nature. Hence, we will use the quadratic
equation an=an2+bn+c to get its nth term. To do this, we have to solve for the
values of a, b and c. Thus, we need at least three equations to begin with.
Note that in the table, when n=1, an=3. Substituting these values to
an=an2+bn+c, we get an=an2+bn+c → 3=a12+b1+c
3=a+b+c equation 1
Step 4. Using equations 1, 2 and 3, we will solve for the values of a, b and c by
elimination or substitution method.
3=a+b+c equation 1
5=4a+2b+c equation 2
9=9a+3b+c equation 3
4a +2b +c = 5 4a +2b + c = 5
– (a + b + c = 3) – a – b – c = –3
3a + b =2 equation 4
9a + 3b + c = 9 9a + 3b + c = 9
– (4a + 2b + c = 5) –4a – 2b – c = – 5
5a + b =4 equation 5
c. Subtract equation 4 from equation 5, to eliminate the variable b.
Since we already have the value of a, we can substitute its value to either
equation 4 or 5 to get the value of b.
a+b+c=3→1+(-1)+c=3
0+c=3
c=3
Since a=1, b=-1 and c=3, then then the nth term of the given sequence is given
by
an=an2+bn+c → an=1n2+(-1n)+3
an=n2 -n+3.
What’s More
12
Let us put your understanding to the test by answering the
following activity.
I realized that when finding the nth term of a sequence that can’t be easily
determined by inspection, we need to find its (4) _____ and/ or (5) _____differences.
What I Can Do
How did you find the lesson? Is generating patterns, or finding a general
rule of a given sequence helpful to you? Find out by answering the activity below.
13
Are you fond of answering crossword puzzles? Even if you’re not, try this one
and enjoy!
Directions: Answer the following questions and shade the word in the box below. You
may find the words written, vertically and diagonally.
1. It is used to describe the pattern shown by the terms of a sequence.
2. The terms of this sequence goes on infinitely.
3. This method can be used to find the nth term of a sequence when the pattern can be
easily generated.
4. It is a set of numbers and figures that shows a pattern.
5. This method can be used to find the nth term of a sequence when the pattern can’t
be easily determined.
I R S T I G F H R J D I L A
N S I N S P E C T I O N L S
F E K V S N R L N J E G E R
I Q U A P E M I O I E E Y S
N U D G E R U F I B T T I E
I E N E C A I N R S Q E Q L
T N G E N E R A L R U L E U
E C I L I R I E Q E E N C E
S E Q U O C T X I C D V Y M
U H F H A L E I O Z R I I R
I W E L A E F O P A A T O E
I E L E C A I N R S Q E Q L
T Y D I T L A A R P U S S U
This lesson is about generating patterns and how they are illustrated in
real life. You learned to;
14
Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer in your activity notebook.
15