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Components of a Vector
a) FORCE (F)
b) DISPLACEMENT (d)
c) VELOCITY (v)
d) ACCELERATION (a)
Each VECTORS may be broken down
or resolved into two components:
a) X – component
(or horizontal
component)
b) Y – component
(or vertical
component)
Y
xyX
Representation of Component
vectors
Vector X- Y-
component component
Force, F F F
Displacement ,d d d
Velocity , v v v
Acceleration, a a a
The magnitude and direction of the
components of a vector may be
found using the concepts of:
a) rectangular
coordinate
system
b) Trigonometric functions
When you draw the component
of a vector you should use the
tail to head connections.
Example:
A force of 80.0 N is applied by a janitor
on the handle of a mop held at 400 angle
with the floor. What force is pushing the
mop (a) across the floor and (b) downward
to the floor
Given:
F = 80.0 N θ = 400
Unknown:
FX = force that pushes the mop across the floor
FY = force that pushes the mop downward on the
floor.
Given: F = 80.0 N Unknown: a) F X b) F Y
F=80-N
FY = ?
400
FX = ?
Solutions:
Cos 400 = FY / F
F=80-N FY = F cos 400
= (80.0 N) (0.77)
= 61.6 N
FY = ?
Sin 400 = FX / F
FX = F sin 400
400 = (80.0N) (0.64)
= 51.20
FX = ?
An airplane travels 209 km on a straight
course at an angle of 22.50 east of north.
It then changes its course by moving 100
km north before reaching its destination.
Determine the resultant displacement of
the airplane.
Given: (a) d 1 =209km, 22.5EN (b) d 2 =100km,N (c) d R
Vector diagram:
N (+Y)
N (+Y)
d 2 100 km
W (-X)
22.50
E (+X) W (-X) E (+X)
S (-Y) S (-Y)
Finding the components of d 1x
N (+Y)
d 1y
d 1 =209km
22.50 E (+X)
W (-X) d 1x
S (-Y) d 1x
0.383 =
Θ = 900 – 22.50 209 km
= 67.50
Adjacent side
Cos 67.50 = d 1x = (209 km)(0.383)
hypotenuse
d
1x
0.383 = d 1x = 80.0 km
d
1
Finding the components of d 1y
N (+Y)
d 1y = ?
d 1 =209km d 1y =193km
22.50 E (+X)
W (-X) d 1x = ?
S (-Y) d 1y
0.924 =
Θ = 900 – 22.50 209 km
= 67.50
opposite side
sin 67.50 = d 1y = (209 km)(0.924)
hypotenuse
d
1y
0.924 = d 1y = 193 km
d
1
N=293.0
=(+Y)
80.0 km
km
xy 2
Finding the components
d 1y =193.0km of d 2
d 1 =209km N (+Y)
22.50
E (+X)
d 1x = 80.0km d 2y = 100.0km
W (-X) E (+X)
S (-Y)
+ 80.0 km +193.0 km
d
d 0 +100.0 km
Σ Σd Σd
==293.0
280.0 km
xy km
Displacement X-component Y-component
+ 80.0 km +193.0 km
d
d 0 +100.0 km
Σ Σd Σd