which the people regard as necessary and important in their dealings with one another.

One of these values is "pakikisama:· or sense of togetherness or comradeship. It consists of doing

somebody a good deed, such as helping a man build a house without asking for compensation, or
helping a man look for a job. " Utang na Loob" or debt of gratitude is another famous Fili~ino value. A
person who receives favor from another, whether this is a friend or stranger, is~xpected to pay this debt
of gratitude for doing the same, or more, to the man who has do~ him some good deed or who has
done him a favor. " Hiya" or " Kahihiyaan" is anothet, Filipino value. It means sense of shame. to a high
degree. Because of this value, often, a Filipl{lo would do something foolish in order to save face. Thus
even a Filipino peasant although il\. poverty, will contract a debt or borrow money from relatives,
neighbors, or friends in order'to have a feast of baptism of his child. He spends the borrowed money on
food and other thin~ that would make his visitors happy and contented. He does this in order to save
face or "hlya". He does not war:tt his neighbors to think that he could not afford to spend for his child's
baptism.

701

The other notable distinction of traditional !locos houses is a marked Spanish flavor. Because the llocos
provinces were amo.ng the first to be settled by the Spaniards, !locos towns enjoyed the best of Sj)ffnish
culture longest and are today the most typically Spanish in architecture. The best example is Vigan in
llocos Sur with its ancient cobblestone streets, brick houses, tiled roofs, elaborate grillwork stone arches
and colonnades. Most I locos homes and towns display their familiarity with 17th century European
technology in arches and domes, in the skillfully executed long spans betwe.en columns and other
typically European construction features.

Philippines in 1905 and prepared plans for Manila and Baguio City. From the Burnham plan, executed by
William Parsons and other American architects arose a new Manila. Government buildings design.-:ld in
the neo-classic style and made of reinforced concrete.

b. Neo-Classic Style (Filipino Architects 1920's-30's)

The Neo-Classic Style and the monumental approach to buildings continued to flourish in the work of
Filipino Architects who had taken over from the Americans: Carlos Baretto, Antonio Toledo, Tomas
Mapua, and Juan Arellano. They were government Architects, and the official style was Neo-Classic.

This monumental approach to buildings saw an influence even to the rural communities where the
Roman columns dominates the facade of buildings around which abound the bamboo post of the Nipa
huts. Tied down to the traditions and the mannerism of the 19th Century, the architects failed. to
achieve the same honesty as the same era for here was an attempt to transplant a culture so foreign,
directly into the native soil where a different culture has thrived. The effect therefore of a civiHzation
descending upon a people almost overnight saw a corresponding effect on the type of architecture that
rose in the Philippines during the same period. The disastrous effect is felt even today for the
indiscriminate forcing of an alien culture resulted in a confusion that saw even the identity of the Filipino
as confused and more perplexed as ever. He is now a Filipino Hispanized dressed in the Western clothes
of the Americans.

The landmarks of this era include the legislative building, the