CREDIT CARD:-

A credit card is a small plastic card issued to users as a system of payment. It allows its holder to buy goods and services based on the holder's promise to pay for these goods and services.

[1]
 The issuer of the card creates a revolving account and grants a line of credit to the consumer (or the user) from which the user can borrow money for payment to amerchant or as a cash

advance to the user.

A credit card is different from a charge card: a charge card requires the balance to be paid in full each month. In contrast, credit cards allow the consumers a continuing balance of debt, subject

to interest being charged. A credit card also differs from a cash card, which can be used like currency by the owner of the card. Most credit cards are issued by banksor credit unions, and are

the shape and size specified by the ISO/IEC 7810 standard as ID-1. This is defined as 85.60 × 53.98 mm (3.370 × 2.125 in) (33/8 × 21/8 in) in size.

E-GOVERNMENT:-

e-Government (short for electronic government, also known as e-gov, digital government, online government, or connected government) is digital interaction between a government and

citizens (G2C), government and businesses (G2B), and between government agencies (G2G). This digital interaction consists of governance, information and communication

technology(ICT), business process re-engineering(BPR), and e-citizen at all levels of government (city, state/provence, national, and international).

Essentially, the term e-Government or also known as Digital Government, refers to 'How government utilized IT, ICT and other telecommunication technologies, to enhance the efficiency and

effectiveness in the public sector' (Jeong, 2007).

Examples of e-Government and e-Governance

E-Government should enable anyone visiting a city website to communicate and interact with city employees via the Internet with graphical user interfaces (GUI), instant-messaging (IM),

audio/video presentations, and in any way more sophisticated than a simple email letter to the address provided at the site” [1] and “the use of technology to enhance the access to and delivery

of government services to benefit citizens, business partners and employees”. [2] The focus should be on:

 The use of Information and communication technologies, and particularly the Internet, as a tool to achieve better government.[3]

 The use of information and communication technologies in all facets of the operations of a government organization. [4]

 The continuous optimization of service delivery, constituency participation and governance by transforming internal and external relationships through technology, the Internet

and new media.[5]

Whilst e-Government has traditionally been understood as being centered around the operations of government, e-Governance is understood to extend the scope by including citizen

engagement and participation in governance. As such, following in line with the OECD definition of e-Government, e-Governance can be defined as the use of ICTs as a tool to achieve better

governance]

Delivery models and activities of e-Government

The primary delivery models of e-Government can be divided into:

 Government-to-Citizen or Government-to-Consumer (G2C)

 Government-to-Business (G2B)

 Government-to-Government (G2G)

 Government-to-Employees (G2E)
Within each of these interaction domains, four kinds of activities take place:[6][7]

 pushing information over the Internet, e.g.: regulatory services, general holidays, public hearing schedules, issue briefs, notifications, etc.

 two-way communications between the agency and the citizen, a business, or another government agency. In this model, users can engage in dialogue with agencies and post

problems, comments, or requests to the agency.

 conducting transactions, e.g.: lodging tax returns, applying for services and grants.

 governance, e.g.: online polling, voting, and campaigning.

 BUSSENES TO BUSSENESS MODEL:-

 Business-to-business (B2B) describes commerce transactions between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a

retailer. Contrasting terms are business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-government (B2G).

 The volume of B2B (Business-to-Business) transactions is much higher than the volume of B2C transactions. The primary reason for this is that in a typical supply chainthere will

be many B2B transactions involving sub component or raw materials, and only one B2C transaction, specifically sale of the finished product to the end customer. For example, an

automobile manufacturer makes several B2B transactions such as buying tires, glass for windscreens, and rubber hoses for its vehicles. The final transaction, a finished vehicle

sold to the consumer, is a single (B2C) transaction.

 B2B is also used in the context of communication and collaboration. Many businesses are now using social media to connect with their consumers (B2C); however, they are now

using similar tools within the business so employees can connect with one another. When communication is taking place amongst employees, this can be referred to as "B2B"

communication.

 [edit] Etymology
 The term "business-to-business" was originally coined to describe the electronic communications between businesses or enterprises in order to distinguish it from

thecommunications between businesses and consumers (B2C). It eventually came to be used in marketing as well, initially describing only industrial or capital goodsmarketing.

Today it is widely used to describe all products and services used by enterprises. Many professional institutions and the trade publications focus much more on B2C than B2B,

although most sales and marketing personnel are in the B2B sector.