Section 28.

Rates of Income Tax on Foreign Corporations

(B) Tax on Non-resident Foreign Corporation.
(5) Tax on Certain Incomes Received by a Non-resident Foreign Corporation.
(b) Intercorporate Dividends. – A final withholding tax at the rate of fifteen percent (15%) is hereby
imposed on the amount of cash and/or property dividends received from a domestic corporation, which
shall be collected and paid as provided in Section 57(A) of this Code, subject to the condition that the
country in which the non-resident foreign corporation is domiciled, shall allow a credit against the tax
due from the non-resident foreign corporation taxes deemed to have been paid in the Philippines
equivalent to twenty percent (20%), which represents the difference between the regular income tax of
thirty-five percent (35%) and the fifteen percent (15%) tax on dividends as provided in this
subparagraph: Provided, That effective January 1, 2009, the credit against the tax due shall be
equivalent to fifteen percent (15%), which represents the difference between the regular income tax of
thirty percent (30%) and the fifteen percent (15%) tax on dividends;

Republic Act No. 7042

"Foreign Investments Act of 1991"

Section 3. Definitions. - As used in this Act:

d) The praise "doing business" shall include soliciting orders, service contracts, opening offices, whether
called "liaison" offices or branches; appointing representatives or distributors domiciled in the
Philippines or who in any calendar year stay in the country for a period or periods totalling one hundred
eighty (180) days or more; participating in the management, supervision or control of any domestic
business, firm, entity or corporation in the Philippines; and any other act or acts that imply a continuity
of commercial dealings or arrangements, and contemplate to that extent the performance of acts or
works, or the exercise of some of the functions normally incident to, and in progressive prosecution of,
commercial gain or of the purpose and object of the business organization: Provided, however, That the
phrase "doing business: shall not be deemed to include mere investment as a shareholder by a foreign
entity in domestic corporations duly registered to do business, and/or the exercise of rights as such
investor; nor having a nominee director or officer to represent its interests in such corporation; nor
appointing a representative or distributor domiciled in the Philippines which transacts business in its
own name and for its own account;

Section 5. Registration of Investments of Non-Philippine Nationals. - Without need of prior approval, a

non-Philippine national, as that term is defined in Section 3 a), and not otherwise disqualified by law
may upon registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), or with the Bureau of Trade
Regulation and Consumer Protection (BTRCP) of the Department of Trade and Industry in the case of
single proprietorships, do business as defined in Section 3 (d) of this Act or invest in a domestic
enterprise up to one hundred percent (100%) of its capital, unless participation of non-Philippine
nationals in the enterprise is prohibited or limited to a smaller percentage by existing law and/or limited
to a smaller percentage by existing law and/or under the provisions of this Act. The SEC or BTRCP, as the
case may be, shall not impose any limitations on the extent of foreign ownership in an enterprise
additional to those provided in this Act: Provided, however, That any enterprise seeking to avail of
incentives under the Omnibus Investment Code of 1987 must apply for registration with the Board of
Investments (BOI), which shall process such application for registration in accordance with the criteria
for evaluation prescribed in said Code: Provided, finally, That a non-Philippine national intending to
engage in the same line of business as an existing joint venture in his application for registration with
SEC. During the transitory period as provided in Section 15 hereof, SEC shall disallow registration of the
applying non-Philippine national if the existing joint venture enterprise, particularly the Filipino partners
therein, can reasonably prove they are capable to make the investment needed for they are competing
applicant. Upon effectivity of this Act, SEC shall effect registration of any enterprise applying under this
Act within fifteen (15) days upon submission of completed requirements.

Section 8. List of Investment Areas Reserved to Philippine Nationals (Foreign Investment Negative List). -
The Foreign Investment Negative List shall have three (3) component lists: A, B, and C:

a) List A shall enumerate the areas of activities reserved to Philippine nationals by mandate of the
Constitution and specific laws.

b) List B shall contain the areas of activities and enterprises pursuant to law:

1) Which are defense-related activities, requiring prior clearance and authorization from Department of
National Defense (DND) to engage in such activity, such as the manufacture, repair, storage and/or
distribution of firearms, ammunition, lethal weapons, military ordnance, explosives, pyrotechnics and
similar materials; unless such manufacturing or repair activity is specifically authorized, with a
substantial export component, to a non-Philippine national by the Secretary of National Defense; or

2) Which have implications on public health and morals, such as the manufacture and distribution of
dangerous drugs; all forms of gambling; nightclubs, bars, beerhouses, dance halls; sauna and steambath
houses and massage clinics.

Small and medium-sized domestic market enterprises with paid-in equity capital less than the equivalent
of five hundred thousand US dollars (US$500,000) are reserved to Philippine nationals, unless they
involve advanced technology as determined by the Department of Science and Technology. Export
enterprises which utilize raw materials from depleting natural resources, with paid-in equity capital of
less than the equivalent of five hundred thousand US dollars (US$500,000) are likewise reserved to
Philippine nationals.

Amendments to List B may be made upon recommendation of the Secretary of National Defense, or the
Secretary of Health, or the Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports, indorsed by the NEDA, or upon
recommendation motu propio of NEDA, approved by the President, and promulgated by Presidential
Proclamation.

c) List C shall contain the areas of investment in which existing enterprises already serve adequately the
needs of the economy and the consumer and do not require further foreign investments, as determined
by NEDA applying the criteria provided in Section 9 of this Act, approved by the President and
promulgated in a Presidential Proclamation.

The Transitory Foreign Investment Negative List established in Sec. 15 hereof shall be replaced at the
end of the transitory period by the first Regular Negative List to the formulated and recommended by
the NEDA, following the process and criteria provided in Section 8 and 9 of this Act. The first Regular
Negative List shall be published not later than sixty (60) days before the end of the transitory period
provided in said section, and shall become immediately effective at the end of the transitory period.
Subsequent Foreign Investment Negative Lists shall become effective fifteen (15) days after publication
in two (2) newspapers of general circulation in the Philippines: Provided, however, That each Foreign
Investment Negative List shall be prospective in operation and shall in no way affect foreign investments
existing on the date of its publication.
Amendments to List B and C after promulgation and publication of the first Regular Foreign Investment
Negative List at the end of the transitory period shall not be made more often than once every two (2)
years.

REPUBLIC ACT No. 11232

"Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines"

Section 6. Classification of Shares. - The classification of shares, their corresponding rights, privileges, or
restrictions, and their stated par value, if any, must be indicated in the articles of incorporations. Each
share shall be equal in all respects to every other share, except as otherwise provided in the articles of
incorporation.

The share stock corporations may be divided into classes or series of shares, or both. No share may be
deprived of voting rights except those classified and issued as "preferred" or "redeemable" shares,
unless otherwise provided in this Code: Provided, That there shall always be a class or series of shares
with complete voting rights.

Holders of non-voting shares shall nevertheless be entitled to vote on the following matters;

(a) Amendment of the articles of incorporation;

(b) Adoption and amendment of bylaws;

(c) Sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, or other disposition of all or substantially all of the
corporate property;

(d) Incurring, creating, or increasing bonded indebtedness;

(e) Increase or decrease of authorized capital stock;

(f) Merger or consolidation of the corporation with another corporation or other corporations;

(g) Investment of corporate funds in another corporation or business in accordance with this Code; and

(h) Dissolution of the corporation.

Except as provided in the immediately preceding paragraph, the vote required under this Code to
approve a particular corporate act shall be deemed to refer only to stocks with voting rights.

The shares or series of shares may or may not have a par value: Provided, That banks, trust, insurance,
and preneed companies, public utilities, building and loan associations, and other corporations
authorized to obtain or access funds from the public whether publicly listed or not, shall not be
permitted to issue no-par value shares of stock.

Preferred shares of stock issued by a corporation may be given preference in the distribution of
dividends and in the distribution of corporate assets in case of liquidation, or such other preferences:
Provided, That preferred shares of stock may be issued only with a stated par value. The board of
directors, where authorized in the articles of incorporation, may fix the terms and conditions of
preferred shares of stock or any series thereof: Provided, further, That such terms and conditions shall
be effective upon filing of a certificate thereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereinafter
referred to as the "Commission".

Shares of capital stock issued without par value shall be deemed fully paid and nonassessable and the
holder of such shares shall not be liable to the corporation or to its creditors in respect thereto:
Provided, That no-par value shares must be issued for a consideration of at least Five pesos (₱5.00) per
share: Provided, further, That the entire consideration received by the corporation for its no-par value
shares shall be treated as capital and shall not be available for distribution as dividends.

A corporation may further classify its shares for the purpose of ensuring compliance with constitutional
or legal requirements.

Section 37. Power to increase or Decrease Capital Stock; Incur, Create or Increase Bonded Indebtedness.
- No corporation shall increase or decrease its capital stock or incur, create or increase any bonded
indebtedness unless approved by a majority vote of the board of directors and by two-thirds (2/3) of the
outstanding capital stock at a stockholders' meeting duly called for the purpose. Written notice of the
time and place of the stockholders' meeting and the purpose for said meeting must be sent to the
stockholders at their places of residence as shown in the books of the corporation served on the
stockholders personally, or through electronic means recognized in the corporation's bylaws and/or the
Commission's rules as a valid mode for service of notices.

A certificate must be signed by a majority of the directors of the corporation and countersigned by the
chairperson and secretary of the stockholders' meeting, setting forth:

(a) That the requirements of this section have been complied with;

(b) The amount of the increase or decrease of the capital stock;

(c) In case of an increase of the capital stock, the amount of capital stock or number of shares of no-par
stock thereof actually subscribed, the names nationalities and addresses of the persons subscribing, the
amount of capital stock or number of no-par stock subscribed, the names, nationalities and addresses of
the persons subscribing, the amount of capital stock or number of no-par stock subscribed by each, and
the amount paid by each on the subscription in cash or property, or the amount of capital stock or
number of shares of no-par stock allotted to each stockholder if such increase is for the purpose of
making effective stock dividend therefor authorized;

(d) Any bonded indebtedness to be incurred, created ot increased;

(e) The amount of stock represented at the meeting; and

(f) The vote authorizing the increase or decrease of capital stock, or incurring, creating or increasing of
bonded indebtedness.

Any increase or decrease in the capital stock or the incurring, creating or increasing of any bonded
indebtedness shall require prior approval of the Commission and where appropriate, of the Philippine
Competition Commission. The application with the Commission shall be made within six (6) months from
the date of approval of the board of directors and stockholders, which period may be extended for
justifiable reasons.

Copies of the certificate shall be kept on file in the office of the corporation and filed with the
Commission and attached to the original articles of incorporation. After approval by the Commission and
the issuance by the Commission of its certificate of filing may declare: Provided, That the Commission
shall not accept for filing any certificate of increase of capital stock unless accompanied by a sworn
statement of the treasurer of the corporation accompanied by a sworn statement of the treasurer of the
corporation lawfully holding office at the time of the filing of the certificate, showing that at least
twenty-five percent (25%) of the increase in capital stock has been subscribed and that at least twenty-
five percent (25%) of the amount subscribed has been paid in actual cash to the corporation or that
property, the valuation of which is equal to twenty-five percent (25%) of the subscription, has been
transferred to the corporation: Provided, further, That no decrease in capital stock shall be approved by
the Commission if its effect shall prejudice the rights of corporate creditors.

Nonstock corporations may incur, create or increase bonded indebtedness when approved by a majority
of the board of trustees and of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the members in a meeting duly called for the
purpose.

Bonds issued by a corporation shall be registered with the Commission, which shall have the authority to
determine the sufficiency of the terms thereof.

Section 38. Power to Deny Preemptive Right. - All stockholders of a stock corporation shall enjoy
preemptive right to subscribe to all issues or disposition of shares of any class, in proportion to their
respective shareholdings, unless such right is denied by the articles of incorporation or an amendment
thereto: Provided, That such preemptive right shall not extend to shares issued in compliance with laws
requiring stock offerings or minimum stock ownership by the public; or to shares issued in good faith
with the approval of the stockholders representing two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding capital stock in
exchange for property needed for corporate purposes or in payment of previously contracted debt.

Section 42. Power to Declare Dividends. - The board of directors of a stock corporation may declare
dividends out of the unrestricted retained earnings which shall be payable in cash, property, or in stock
to all stockholders on the basis of outstanding stock held by them: Provided, That any cash dividends
due on delinquent stock shall be first be applied to the unpaid balance on th subscription plus costs and
expenses, while stock holders until their unpaid subscription is fully paid: Provided, further, That no
stock dividend shall be issued without the approval of stockholders representing at least two-thirds
(2/3)of the outstanding capital stock at a regular or special meeting duly called for the purpose.

Stock corporations are prohibited from restraining surplus profits in excess of one hundred percent
(100%} of their paid-in capital stock, except: (a) when justified by the definite corporate expansion
projects or programs approved by the board of directors; or (b) when the corporation is prohibited
under any loan agreement with financial institutions or creditors, whether local or foreign, from
declaring dividends without their consent, and such consent has not yet been secured; or (c) when it can
be clearly shown that such retention is necessary under special circumstances obtaining in the
corporation, such as when there is need for special reserve for probable contingencies.

Section 58. Voting Trusts. - One or more stockholders of stock corporation may create a voting trust for
the purpose of conferring upon a trustee or trustees the right to vote and other rights pertaining to the
shares for a period not exceeding five (5) years at any time: Provided, That in the case of a voting trust
specially required as a condition in a loan agreement, said voting trust may be for a period exceeding
five (5) years but shall automatically expire upon full payment of the load. A voting trust agreement
must be in writing and notarized, and shall specify the terms and conditions thereof.

A certified copy of such agreement shall be filed with the corporation and with the Commission;
otherwise, the agreement is ineffective and uneforceable. The certificate or certificates of stock covered
by the voting trust agreement shall be cancelled and new ones shall be issued pursuant to said
agreement. The books of the corporation shall state that the transfer in the name of the trustee or
trustees is made pursuant to the voting trust agreement.

The trustee or trustees shall execute and deliver to the transferors, voting trust certificates, which shall
be transferable in the same manner and with the same effect as certificates of stock.

The voting trust agreement filed with the corporation shall be subject to examination by any stockholder
of the corporation in the same manner as any other corporate book or record: Provided, That both the
trustor and the trustee or trustees may exercise the right of inspection of all corporate books and
records in accordance with the provisions of this Code.

Any other stockholder may transfer the shares to the same trustee or trustees upon the term and
conditions stated in the voting trust agreement, and thereupon shall be bound by all the provisions of
said agreement.

No voting trust agreement shall be entered into for purposes of circumventing the laws against anti-
competitive agreements, abuse of dominant position, anti-competitive mergers and acquisitions,
violation of nationality and capital requirements, or for the perpetuation of fraud.

Unless expressly renewed, all rights granted in a voting trust agreement shall automatically expire at the
end of the agreed period. The voting trust certificates as well as the certificate of stock in the name of
the trustees shall thereby be deemed cancelled and new certificates of stock shall be reissued in the
name of the trustors.

The voting trustee or trustees may vote by proxy or in any manner authorized under the bylaws unless
the agreement provides otherwise.