Police Org. and Admin (NOTES)

Foundation University
College of Criminology
Police Organization and Administration
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Compiled by: Mr. Lurish Mett O. Gonzaga, RCrim

Instructor and CATU Adviser
POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION
Brief History of Police in the Philippines
 In the Philippines, the Spanish regime adopted a police system for the maintenance
of peace and order as well as the enforcement of laws. In the year 1712, the
Carabineros de SeguridadPublica was organized as a mounted riflemen or
cavalry whose duties expanded in 1781 from a special commission as government
custodian of the tobacco monopoly to a distinct group charged with the duties of a
harbor, port, border and river police.
 In January 8, 1836, by virtue of a Royal Decree, the Rural Police known as the
Guardrilleros were established in each town. The law provided that five percent
(5%) of able bodied male inhabitants of each province was to be drafted in the police
service for a three year tour of duty.
 In February 12, 1852, the Guardia Civil was organized with the dual function of a
soldier and a policeman whose duties ranges from the suppression of brigandage by
means of patrolling unsettled territories, detention of petty and local insurrection, the
enforcement of tax collection and was armed as the Spanish infantry to partially
relieve the Spanish Peninsula Troops of their work in policing towns. The
establishment of the Guardia Civil gave the Spanish colonizers a tremendous control
through a centralized police administration which enabled the supreme head to
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determine the policies to be pursued in law enforcement and the maintenance of

peace and order.
 After the collapse of the Philippine Revolutionary government, the Americans

established an Insular Police Force later known as the Philippine Constabulary
which became the institution for preserving the peace, enforcing the law and
maintaining order. Under the support of the military authorities, the municipal force
was inclined and subjective to military methods of organization and discipline since
they were established along semi-military lines. The municipal police came to
existence as an appendage of the municipal government in calm towns.
 On September 8, 1966, Republic Act No. 4864 was enacted known as the Police
Act of 1966. This law provided the legal guideline in undertaking at a national level
reform which contributed to the improvement of police efficiency and performance.
To implement its objectives the National Police Commission was created.
 During the Martial Law Regime of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, The Integrated
National Police was organized by virtue of PD 765 in August 8, 1975 which was
composed of the Philippine Constabulary as the nucleus and the INP forces as
components under the Department of National Defense.
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 Republic Act 6975 which was enacted December 13, 1990 created among others
the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection, the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College under a
reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government. The law paved
the way for the achievement of a Philippine police force which is national in scope
but in civilian in character.
THE POLICE ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATION defined
 An official structure created to coordinate either people or groups and

resources to achieve a mission or goal
 The arrangement of people with common purpose
 It is a form of human association for the attainment of a goal or objective.
Most of the law enforcement organization design is that of pyramid shaped

hierarchy based on military model.
Command officers and supervisors had complete authority over subordinates.

Communication flows downward.
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POLICE ORGANIZATION defined
Police organization is a group of trained personnel in the field of

public safety administration engaged in the achievement of goals
and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order,
protection of life and property, enforcement of the laws and the
prevention of crimes.
The organization of the police force commonly requires the following

organizational units:
Functional Units
1. Bureau – the largest organic functional unit within a large department.

It comprises of numbers of divisions.
2. Division – a primary subdivision of a bureau.
3. Section – functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization.
4. Unit – functional group within a section; or the smallest functional group within an
organization.
Territorial Units
1. Post – a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty, such as a
designated desk or office or an intersection or cross walk from traffic duty. It is a
spot location for general guard duty.
2. Route – a length of streets designated for patrol purposes. It is also called LINE
BEAT.
3. Beat– An area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or motorized.
4. Sector – An area containing two or more beats, routes, or posts.
5. District – a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually with its
own station.
6. Area – a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of
designated districts.
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Key Terminologies
1. Sworn Officers – all personnel of the police department who have oath and who
possess the power to arrest.
2. Superior Officer - one having supervisory responsibilities, either temporarily or
permanently, over officers of lower rank.
3. Commanding Officer - an officer who is in command of the department, a
bureau, a division, an area, or a district.
4. Ranking Officer - the officer who has the more senior rank/higher rank in a team
or group.
5. Length of Service - the period of time that has elapsed since the oath of office
was administered. Previous active services may be included or added.
6. On Duty - the period when an officer is actively engaged in the performance of
his duty.
7. Off Duty - the nature of which the police officer is free from specific routine duty.
8. Special Duty - the police service, its nature, which requires that the officer be
excused from the performance of his active regular duty.
9. Leave of Absence - period, which an officer is excused from active duty by any
valid/acceptable reason, approved by higher authority.
10. Sick Leave - period which an officer is excused from active duty by reason of
illness or injury.
11. Suspension - a consequence of an act which temporarily deprives an officer
from the privilege of performing his duties as result of violating directives or other
department regulations.
12. Department Rules - rules established by department directors/supervisors to
control the conduct of the members of the police force.
13. Duty Manual - describes the procedures and defines the duties of officers
assigned to specified post or position.
14. Order - an instruction given by a ranking officer to a subordinate, either a.
General Order, b. Special, or c. Personal
15. Report - usually a written communication unless otherwise specifies to be verbal
reports; verbal reports should be confirmed by written communication.
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Classification of Line, Staff, and Auxiliary Function
Line Functions:
are the “backbone” of the police department; they include such operations as
patrol, investigation, traffic control, vice control, and juvenile control as well as
supervision of the personnel performing those operations.
Staff Functions: Staff functions are those operations designed to support the
line functions, Staff members are necessarily advisors who are typically assigned to
planning, research, legal advice, budgeting, and educational services. Staff
members are often civilians with specialized training who serve within the department
but do not deal with daily operations on the street. Their main function is to study police
policies and practices and to offer proposals to the chief executive of the department.
Auxiliary Functions: Auxiliary functions involve the logistical operations of the

department. These include training, communications, jailing, maintenance, record
keeping, motor vehicles, and similar operations.
The Home Rule and Continental Theory

1. The Home Rule Theory – Law enforcers or policemen are regarded as servants
of the community
2. The Continental Theory – In this concept, policemen are regarded as state or
servants of the higher authorities.
The Old and Modern Concept

1. The Old Concept –is the increasing number of arrests, throwing offenders in
detention facilities rather than trying to prevent them from committing crimes.
2. The Modern Concept –Under this concept, police efficiency is measured by the
decreasing number of crimes.
an organ of crime prevention.
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Span of Control
A span of control is the maximum number of subordinates at a given position

that superior can supervise effectively.
Delegation of Authority
Delegation is the conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position onto

a lower-level position. The person to whom authority is delegated becomes
responsible to the superior for doing the assigned job.
Unity of Command
Traditional theories of organization insisted that each employee should have

only one supervisor
This principle of “unity of command” is the backbone of any organizational

structure.
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) ORGANIZATION
The PNP is composed of a national headquarter, regional headquarters,

provincial headquarters, district headquarters or municipal stations. At the
national level, the PNP maintains its national headquarter in Camp Crame, Metropolitan
Manila which houses the directorial staff, service staff and special support units.
PNP Staff and Support Units
A. The Chief of the Philippine National Police has the rank of Police General with a
four-star rank. He is assisted by a Personal Staff composed of:
B. Deputy Chief of Philippine National Police for Administration.
C. Deputy Chief of Philippine National Police for Operations
D. The Chief of Directorial Staff is assisted by a Secretary, Directorial Staff.
The two Deputies and the Chief of Directorial Staff have the rank of Police
Lieutenant General, equivalent to a three-star rank.
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Directorial Staff (Functional Staff)-12

1. The Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM)
The director optimizes the utilization of personnel
resources both from the PNP- uniformed and non-
uniformed personnel.
2. The Directorate for Intelligence (DI)

The director manages the gathering/collating of
intelligence objectives through effective
management of all intelligence and counter-
intelligence activities of the PNP. He also serves
as the linkage of all foreigners with official
transactions with the chief PNP.
3. The Directorate for Operations (DO)

The director exercises the command, the control,
the direction, the coordination and the supervision
of all activities on PNP operations such as
deployment and employment of personnel.
4. The Directorate for Logistics (DL)

The director administers and manages material
resources needed for the PNP operations.
5. The Directorate for Plans (DPL)

The director plans and programs strategic PNP
operations. He also represents the PNP in the inter-
agency and international affairs on peace and order.
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6. The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC)

The director administers and manages the
fiscal financial resources.
7. The Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR)

The director formulates and implements community
–related activities, programs and projects. He also
supervises the PNP Salaam Police Center to
undertake close monitoring, networking and liaising
activities with the Muslim communities in addressing
terrorism and lawless violence in their respective areas to guarantee that the
Muslims are not discriminated, oppressed or singled-out.
8. The Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM)
The director coordinates. Controls and
supervises all investigation activities.
9. The Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD)

The director formulates policies on matters
pertaining to human resources and doctrine
development.
10. The Directorate for Research and Development (DRD)

The director engages in research and development
and does testing and evaluation of self-reliant
projects.
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11. The Directorate for Information and Communications Technology

Management (DICTM)
The director integrates and standardizes all the
PNP information systems and resources to
further improve the frontline services.
12. Five (5) Directorates for Integrated Police Operations (DIPOs)

The Directors of the clustered areas for Integrated Police Operations, namely:
Northern and Southern Luzon, Visayas, Eastern Mindanao, Western
Mindanao, are given the responsibility to direct and to supervise the conduct of
integrated anti-criminality, internal security, counter- terrorism operations, to
promote inter-operability with the Armed Forces of the Philippines, and to provide
a system to promote regional socio-economic development.
Administrative Support Units-11
1. Logistics Support Service (LSS).

2. Information Technology Management Service (ITMS).
3. Finance Service (FS).
4. Health Service (HS).
5. Communications and Electronics Service (CES).
6. Chaplain Service (CHS).
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7. Legal Service (LS).

8. Headquarters Support Service (HSS).
9. Engineering Service( ES).
10. Training Service (TS).
11. PNP Retirement and Benefits Administration Service (PRBS).
Operational Support
Units-12
1. Maritime Group (MG). This group is responsible to perform all police functions

over Philippine Territorial waters, lakes, and rivers along coastal areas to include
ports and harbors and small islands for the security and the sustainability
development of the maritime environment.
2. Intelligence Group (IG). This group serves as the intelligence and counter-
intelligence operating unit of the PNP.
3. Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG) . This group provides security to
government vital installations, government officials, visiting dignitaries and private
individuals authorized to be given protection.
4. Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) . This group monitors,
investigates, prosecutes all crimes involving economic sabotage, and other
crimes of such magnitude and extent as to indicate their commission by highly
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placed or professional criminal syndicates and organizations. It also conducts

organized- crime –control, all major cases involving violations of the revised
penal Code, violators of SPECIAL LAWS assigned to them such as Anti-
hijacking, Anti-Carnapping and Cyber crimes among others and atrocities
committed by Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)/New People’s Army
(NPA)/National Democratic Front (NDF).
5. Special Action Force (SAF). This group is a mobile strike force or a reaction
unit to augment regional , provincial, municipal and city police force for civil
disturbance control, internal security operations, hostage-taking rescue
operations, search and rescue in times of natural calamities, disasters and
national emergencies and other special police operations such as ant-hijacking,
anti-terrorism, explosives and ordnance disposal. On a special note, the PNP Air
Unit is placed under the supervision of SAF.
6. Aviation Security Group (AVEGROUP). This group provides security to all
airports throughout the country.
7. Highway Patrol Group (HPG). This group enforces the traffic laws and
regulations, promote safety along the highways, enhances traffic safety
consciousness through inter- agency cooperation concerning Police Traffic
Safety Engineering, Traffic Safety Education and Traffic Law enforcement
functions and develops reforms in the crime prevention aspect against all forms
of lawlessness committed along National Highway involving the use of motor
vehicles.
8. Police-Community Relations Group (PCRG). This group undertakes and
orchestrates Police Community Relations program and activities in partnership
with concerned government agencies, the community, and volunteer
organizations in order to prevent crime and attain a safe and peaceful
environment.
9. Civil Security Group (CSG). This group regulates business operations and
activities of all organized private detectives, watchmen, security guards/agencies
and company guard forces. It also supervises the licensing and registration of
firearms and explosives.
10. Crime Laboratory (CL). This group provides scientific and technical,
investigative aide and support to the PNP and other investigative agencies. It
also provides crime laboratory examination, evaluation and identification of
physical evidence gathered at the crime scene with primary emphasis on
medical, biological and physical nature.
11. PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG). This Group serves as the primary
unit of the PNP in addressing kidnapping menace in the country and in handling
hostage situations.
12. PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP- ACG). This Group is responsible for the
implementation of pertinent laws on cybercrimes and anti-cybercrime campaigns
of the PNP.
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The Powers and Functions

of the PNP
1. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;
2. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
3. Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring
offenders to justice, and assist in their prosecution.
4. Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance
with the Constitution and pertinent Laws.
5. Detain and arrest person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law,
informing the person so detained of all his/her rights under the Constitution;
6. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with
law;
7. Supervise and control the training and operation of security agencies and issue
licenses to operate security agencies, and to security guards and private
detectives for the practice of their profession; and
8. Perform such other duties and exercises all other functions as may be provided
by law. One of these is the Forestry law wherein the PNP is primary enforcer in
coordination with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR).
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The Rank Classification under RA 6975
A. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS:
 Director General (DG)

 Deputy Director General (DDG)
 Director (DIR)
 Chief Superintendent (CSUPT)
 Senior Superintendent(SR SUPT)
 Superintendent (SUPT)
 Chief Inspector (CINSP)
 Senior Inspector (SR INSP)
 Inspector (INSP)
B. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS:
 Senior Police Officer IV (SPO IV)

 Senior Police Officer III (SPO III)
 Senior Police Officer II (SPO II)
 Senior Police Officer I (SPO I)
 Police Officer III (PO III)
 Police Officer II (PO II)
 Police Officer I (PO I)
The New Rank Classification of the PNP Personnel

(RA11200)
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COMMISSIONED OFFICERS:
Police General (PGEN)
Police Lieutenant General (PLTGEN)
Police Major General (PMGEN)
Chief Brigadier General (PBGEN)
Police Colonel (PCOL)
Police Lieutenant Colonel (PLTCOL)
Police Major (PMAJ)
Police Captain (PCPT)
Police Lieutenant (PLT)
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS:
Police Executive Master Sergeant (PEMS)

Police Chief Master Sergeant (PCMS)
Police Senior Master Sergeant (PSMS)
Police Master Sergeant (PMSg)
Police Staff Sergeant (PSSg)
Police Corporal (PCpl)
Patrolman / Patrolwoman (Pat)
Rank Classification of Commissioned Officers are:
Police General (PGEN) Four Star

Police Lieutenant General (PLTGEN) Three Star
Police Major General (PMGEN) Two Star
Chief Brigadier General (PBGEN) One Star
Police Colonel (PCOL) Three Sun
Police Lieutenant Colonel (PLTCOL) Two Sun
Police Major (PMAJ) One Sun
Police Captain (PCPT) Two Anahaw Leaf
Police Lieutenant (PLT) One Anahaw Leaf
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Cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are classified above the
Executive Master Sergeant and below the Police Lieutenant rank in the PNP.
PNP: National in Scope - Civilian in Character
National in scope simply means that the PNP is a

nationwide government organization whose jurisdiction
covers the entire breath of the Philippine archipelago
which extends up to the municipality of Kalayaan islands
in the province of Palawan. All PNP personnel both the
uniformed and non-uniformed components are national
government employees. Civilian in character means
that the PNP is not a part of the military. Although, it
retains some military attributes such as discipline, it shall
adopt unique non-military cultures, Code of Ethics, and
Standard of Professional conduct comparable to the
civilian police forces of other countries.
The Achievement of Professional Conduct and Exemplary Behavior among PNP

members
A PNP member as a Law Enforcer and an Agent of a Person in Authority is a

model citizen of the community. He is looked upon as the paragon of virtues and a
protector of the people. He has chosen a noble profession of high risk and dedicated
service to protect the rights, lives and properties of the people whom he had sworn to
serve with utmost dedication. In this regard, each PNP member is mandated to strictly
adhere to the Police Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard. Swift
punishments are rendered to erring members while proper recognition for exemplary
achievements are given to deserving ones. Merit and performance, qualifications and
mandatory promotional courses are instituted for acceleration in the career ladder.
Continuing education and leadership development aside from moral values
enhancement are the keys to dynamic professional groups of PNP members.
The PNP Doctrine of Development
Police Doctrine is a doctrine of preservation. Therefore, it is a truism that the

basic weapon of a policeman is the excellent knowledge of the law he is enforcing, and
that the gun is only secondary or a defensive weapon. An ordinary policeman is
expected to be a one-man staff, operator, fiscalizer and prosecutor in the court of law.
On top of this, he is also expected to behave civilly as a model citizen of his community
a protector of human rights.
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POLICE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
The management process involves Planning – Organizing – Leading –

Controlling the use of organizational resources to achieve high performance results.
1. Planning – is the process of setting performance objectives and identifying

the actions needed to accomplish.
2. Organizing – is the process of dividing the work to be done and coordinating
results to achieve a desired purpose.
3. Leading – is the process of directing and coordinating the work efforts of
other people to help them accomplish important task.
4. Controlling – is the process of monitoring performance, comparing results to
objectives and taking corrective action as necessary.
Rank Designations and Position Title
 The head of the PNP with the rank Police General shall have the position title of
Chief of the PNP.
 The second in command of the PNP with the rank of Police Lieutenant General
shall be the Deputy Chief for Administration.
 The third in command with the rank also of Police Lieutenant General shall be
the Deputy Chief for Operations.
 At the national office, the head of the directorial staff with the rank of Police
Lieutenant General shall be known as Chief of the Directorial Staff of the
PNP.
 The heads of the various staff divisions in the directorial staff shall have the rank
of Major General with the position title of Director of the Directorial Staff of
their respective functional divisions.
 The heads of the administrative and operational support divisions shall have the
rank of Police Brigadier General
 The head of the National Capital Region (NCR) with the rank of Police Major
General shall assume the position title of NCR Director.
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 The heads of the regional offices with the rank of Police Brigadier General shall
assume the position title of Regional Director.
 The heads of the NCR district offices with the rank of Police Brigadier
General shall have the position title of District Director.
 The heads of provincial offices with the rank of Police Colonel shall be known
as Provincial Director.
 The heads of the district offices with the rank of Police Lieutenant Colonel
shall have the position title of District Director.
 The heads of the municipality or city offices with the rank of Police Major
shall be known as Chief of Police (COP).
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Appointing Authority
 Appointment for Patrolman to Police Executive Master Sergeant —
Appointed by the PNP regional director for regional personnel or by the Chief of
the PNP for the national headquarters personnel and attested by the Civil
Service Commission.
Regional Director
 Police Lieutenant to Police Lieutenant Colonel — Appointed by the Chief of

the PNP, as recommended by their immediate superiors, attested by the Civil
Service Commission.
 P o l i c e C o
— Appointed by the President upon recommendation of the chief of the PNP,
with proper endorsement by the Chairman of the Civil
Service Commission and subject to confirmation by the
Commission on Appointments.
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President of the Philippines
 Police General. — Appointed by the President from among the senior officers
down to the rank of Police Brigadier General in the service, subject to
confirmation by the Commission on Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of
the PNP shall serve a tour of duty not to exceed four (4) years: Provided,
further, That, in times of war or other national emergency declared by Congress,
the President may extend such tour of duty.
President of the Philippines
 Lateral Entry of Officers into the PNP: In general, all original appointments of
commissioned officers in the PNP shall commence with the
rank of Police Lieutenant, to include all those with highly
technical qualifications applying for the PNP technical
services, such as Dentist, Optometrists, Nurses,
Engineers, and graduates of forensic sciences.
 Doctors of Medicine, Members of the Bar, and Chaplains shall be appointed

to the rank of Police Captain in their particular technical
service.
 G r a d u a t e s
shall be automatically appointed to the initial rank of Police
Lieutenant.
 L i c e n s e
may be appointed to the rank of Police Lieutenant to fill up any vacancy after
promotions from the ranks are completed.
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Promotion is a status change of a policeman amounting to dynamic elevation of

qualified or deserving members as opportunities occurs, to assignment or duties of
greater importance. All promotions should be based on merits and fitness.
Kinds of Promotions:
Regular promotion- quota allocated promotion wherein a candidate must satisfy

all the mandatory requirements fixed for a certain grade.
Special or Meritorious promotion
Promotions shall be based on a fair and equitable process that shall endeavor to
evaluate the whole individual.
No promotion shall be extended for past performances or services.
All promotion shall be properly evaluated by PNP Promotion Board unless exempted
by the Police General.
All promotions shall be based on promotional vacancies. Relative seniority standing

shall be maintained
No retireable personnel within twelve months of the current promotion year shall be
eligible for regular promotion.
Mandatory Requirements in Regular Promotion:

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 Time-in-grade- total period of time a candidate has acquired in a certain

grade regardless of his status of appointment therein. While seniority in rank is
the total period acquired in certain grade in permanent status.
 Performance- sum total of a candidate’s past activities and achievements

in a certain work.
 Potential- the overall gross worth and capability of a candidate to assume

a higher position and greater responsibility based on tangible past performance.
 Training- acquisition or finishing prescribed courses for the rank or its

equivalent courses; and
 Eligibility appropriate for the rank.
Special Promotion
May be given for the following cases:

 PNP Medal of Valor;
 Acts of conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of life over and
beyond the call of duty;
 Acts of outstanding leadership ability and efficiency in staff and
supposed services over and above the normal requirements/criteria for
regular promotion;
 Acts of highest sense of moral value and honesty in the performance of
duty or functions.
Promotion by virtue of position: Any PNP personnel designated to any key

position whose rank is lower than that which is required for such position shall, after
six (6) months of occupying the same, be entitled to a rank adjustment
corresponding to the position: Provided, That the personnel shall not be reassigned
to a position calling for a higher rank until after two (2) years from the date of such
rank adjustment: Provided, further, That any personnel designated to the position
who does not possess the established minimum qualifications therefor shall occupy
the same temporarily for not more than six (6) months without reappointment or
extension.
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Retirement benefits:
Monthly retirement pay shall be fifty percent (50%) of the base pay and longevity pay
of the retired grade in case of twenty (20) years of active service, increasing by two
and one-half percent (2.5%) for every year of active service rendered beyond twenty
(20) years to a maximum of ninety percent (90%) for thirty-six (36) years of active
service and over: Provided, That, the uniformed personnel shall have the option to
receive in advance and in lump sum his retirement pay for the first five (5) years:
Provided, further, that payment of the retirement benefits in lump sum shall be made
within six (6) months from effectivity date of retirement and/or completion: Provided,
finally, That retirement pay of the officers/non-officers of the PNP shall be subject to
adjustments based on the prevailing scale of base pay of police personnel in the active
service."
Permanent physical disability:
An officer or non-officer who is permanently and totally disabled as a result of injuries
suffered or sickness contracted in the performance of his duty as duly certified by the
National Police Commission, upon finding and certification by the appropriate medical
officer, that the extent of the disability or sickness renders such member unfit or unable
to further perform the duties of his position, shall be entitled to one year's salary and to
lifetime pension equivalent to eighty percent of his last salary, in addition to other
benefits as provided under existing laws.
Compulsory Retirement:
Compulsory retirement, for officer and non-officer, shall be upon the attainment of age
fifty-six (56):
Optional Retirement:
Upon accumulation of at least twenty (20) years of satisfactory active service, an
officer or non-officer, at his own request and with the approval of the Commission, shall
be retired from the service and entitled to receive benefits provided by law.
Early retirement program:

Within three (3) years after the effectivity of RA 8551, any PNP officer or non-
commissioned officer may retire and be paid separation benefits corresponding to
a position two (2) ranks higher than his or her present rank subject to the following
conditions:
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 that at the time he or she applies for retirement, he or she has already
rendered at least ten (10) years of continuous government service;
 the applicant is not scheduled for separation or retirement from the service
due to the attrition system or separation for cause;
 he or she has no pending administrative or criminal case; and
 he or she has at least three (3) more years in the service before reaching
the compulsory retirement age and at least a year before his or her maximum
tenure in position.
Attrition System for Uniformed Personnel
There shall be established a system of attrition within the uniformed members of the
PNP within one (1) year from effectivity of RA 8551 to be submitted by the PNP to the
NAPOLCOM for approval.
1. Attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position.

The maximum tenure of PNP members holding key positions is hereby prescribed as
follows:
 Chief PNP - 4 years
 Deputy Chief PNP - 4 years
 Director of the Staff Services - 4 years
 Regional Directors - 6 years
 Provincial/City Directors - 9 years.
Other positions higher than Provincial Director shall have the maximum tenure of six (6)
years. Unless earlier separated, retired or promoted to a higher position in accordance
with PNP Staffing Pattern, police officers holding the above mentioned positions shall
be compulsory retired at the maximum tenure in position herein prescribed, or at age
fifty-six (56), whichever is earlier.
2. Attrition by relief.
A PNP uniformed personnel who have been relieved for just cause and has not
been given an assignment within two (2) years after such relief shall be retired
or separated.
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3. Attrition by Demotion in Position or rank.

Any PNP personnel, civilian or uniformed, who is relieved and assigned to a
position lower than what is established for his or her grade in the PNP staffing
pattern and who shall not be assigned to a position commensurate to his or her
grade within eighteen (18) months after such demotion in position shall be retired
or separated.
4. Attrition by Non-promotion.
Any PNP personnel who have not been promoted for a continuous period of
ten (10) years shall be retired or separated.
5. Attrition by Other Means.

Any PNP member or officer with at least five (5) years of accumulated active
service shall be separated based on any of the following factors: Inefficiency
based on poor performance during the last two (2) successive annual rating
periods; Inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3) cumulative annual
rating periods; Physical and /or mental incapacity to perform police function and
duties; Failure to pass the required entrance examinations twice and/ or finish the
required career courses except for justifiable reasons.
National Police Commission

The NAPOLCOM exercises administrative control and
supervision over the P.N.P.
Republic Act 4864 otherwise known as the Police Act of

1966 created the NAPOLCOM. It is a collegial body within
the D.I.L.G., composed of the Secretary as its Chairman
and four regular commissioners.
The NAPOLCOM shall be an agency attached to the

Department of Interior and Local Government for policy and program coordination.
The NAPOLCOM shall be composed of a Chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners,

and the Chief of PNP as ex-officio member.
27
Three (3) of the regular commissioners shall come from the civilian sector who are
neither active nor former members of the police or military, one (1) of whom shall be
designated as vice chairperson by the President.
The fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either
active or retired: Provided, that an active member of a law enforcement agency shall be
considered resigned from said agency once appointed to the Commission: Provided,
further, that at least one (1) of the Commissioners shall be a woman.
The Secretary of the Department shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Commission,
while the Vice Chairperson shall act as the executive officer of the Commission."
Qualifications. — No person shall be appointed regular member of the NAPOLCOM

unless:
 He or she is a citizen of the Philippines;
 A member of the Philippine Bar with at least five (5) years experienced in
handling criminal or human rights cases or a holder of a master's degree but
preferably a doctorate degree in public administration, sociology, criminology,
criminal justice, law enforcement, and other related disciplines; and
 The regular member coming from the law enforcement sector should have
practical experience in law enforcement work for at least five (5) years while the
three (3) other regular commissioners must have done extensive research work
or projects on law enforcement, criminology or criminal justice or members of a
duly registered non-government organization involved in the promotion of peace
and order."
Term of office.— The four (4) regular and full-time Commissioners shall be appointed by
the President for a term of six (6) years without re-appointment or extension."
Composition of the Philippine National Police. As provided for by law, the PNP merged
with the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police. The following
personnel will compose the P.N.P. :
Members of the Integrated National Police, in pursuant to P.D. 765;
28
 Officers and enlisted personnel of the Philippine Constabulary who opt to join
the P.N.P., including the foregoing: Members of the technical services of the
AFP, Civilian operatives of the C.I.S, Civilian employees of the PC/INP,
Regular operatives of the abolished NAPOLCOM Inspection, Investigation
and Intelligence Branch and Personnel of the National Action Committee on
Anti-Hijacking (NACAH of the D.N.D.) ;
 PAFSECOM and Philippine Coast Guard personnel who opted to join the
PNP during the transition period.
General Qualifications for Appointment: Under Republic Act 8851, No person shall be
appointed as officer or member of the PNP unless he/she possess the following
minimum qualifications:
 A citizen of the Philippines;

 A person of good moral conduct;
 Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to
be administered by the PNP or by any NAPOLCOM accredited government
hospital for the purpose of determining physical and mental health;
 Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution
of learning;
 Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
 Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or
dismissed for cause from any civilian position in the Government;
 Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime
involving moral turpitude;
 Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62m) in height for
male and one meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57m) for female;
 Must not weigh more or less than five kilograms (5 kg.) from the standard
weight corresponding to his or her height, age, and sex; and
 For new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than
thirty (30) years of age: except for the last qualification, the above enumerated
qualifications shall be continuing in character and an absence of any one of them
at any given time shall be a ground for separation or retirement from the service.
For eligibility purposes the following are the different police examinations administered
by the National Police Commission:
 Entrance/Qualifying Examination Patrolman

29
 Police Officer Examination Police Corporal to Police Staff

Sergeant
 Senior Police Officer Examination Police Master Sergeant to Police
Executive Master Sergeant
 Lieutenant Examination Police Lieutenant
 Captain Examination Police Captain
 Major Examination Police Major
 Lieutenant Colonel Examination Police Lieutenant Colonel
Waivers for Initial Appointment to the PNP.

The age, height, weight and educational requirements for initial appointment to the
PNP may be waived only when the number of qualified applicants fall below the
minimum annual quota:
Provided, that an applicant shall not be below twenty (20) nor over thirty-five (35)
years of age: Provided further, that any applicant not meeting the weight requirement
shall be given a reasonable time but not exceeding six (6) months within which to
comply with the said requirement:
Provided, furthermore, that only applicants who have finished second year college or
have earned at least seventy-two (72) collegiate units leading to a bachelor’s degree
shall be eligible for appointment. Provided furthermore, that anybody who will enter the
service without a baccalaureate degree shall be given a maximum of four (4) years to
obtain the required educational qualification: Provided, finally, that a waiver for
height requirement shall be automatically granted to applicants belonging to the cultural
communities.
Nature of Appointment under a Waiver Program. Any PNP uniformed personnel who
are admitted due to the waiver of the educational or weight requirements shall be issued
a temporary appointment pending the satisfaction of the requirement waived. Any
member who fails to satisfy any of the waived requirements within the specified time
periods under Section 13 of RA 8551 shall be dismissed from the service.
Re-application of Dismissed PNP Members under a Waiver Program: Any PNP

member who shall be dismissed under a waiver program shall be eligible to re-apply for
30
appointment to the PNP: Provided that he or she possesses the minimum qualifications
under Section 14 of RA 8551 and his or her reappointment is not by virtue of another
waiver program.
The Field Training Program: All uniformed members of the PNP shall undergo a
Field Training Program for twelve (12) months involving actual experience and
assignment in patrol, traffic, and investigation as a requirement for permanency of
their appointment.
Examination of Policemen: The National Police Commission shall administer

the entrance and promotional examinations for policemen on the basis of standards set
by the Commission.
Prioritization of Women for Recruitment: the PNP shall prioritize the

recruitment and training of women who shall serve in the women’s desk. Pursuant to
this requirement, the PNP shall reserve ten percent (10%) of its annual requirement,
training and education quota for women.
Manning Levels: On the average nationwide, the manning levels of the PNP shall be
approximately in accordance with a police-to-population ratio of one (1) policeman for
every five hundred (500) persons.
The actual strength by cities and municipalities shall depend on the state of peace and
order, population density and actual demands of the service in the particular area.
Provided, that the minimum police-to-population ratio shall not be less than one (1)
policeman for every one thousand (1,000) persons.
Any complaint by an individual person against any member of

the PNP shall be brought before the following:
A. Citizens Complaint
1. Chief of Police Chief of Police – where the offense is punishable by:
Withholding of privileges, Restriction to specified limits, Suspension or forfeiture of
salary, or Any combination thereof, for a period not exceeding 15 days.
31
2. Mayors of Cities and Municipalities- Where the offense is punishable by:

salary, or Any combination thereof, for a period of 16 to 30 days.
3. People’s Law Enforcement Board – where the offense is punishable by:

salary, or any combination thereof, for a period exceeding 30 days. or by
dismissal.
In case where the following duly designated supervisor and equivalent officers of the
PNP shall, after due notice and summary hearing over minor offenses involving
internal discipline, may exercise disciplinary powers:
B. Internal Discipline
1. Chiefs of Police- (a period which shall not exceed 15 days):
Administrative punishment or reprimand, Restriction to specified limits,
Withholding of Privileges, Forfeiture of Salary, Suspension or any combination of
any of the foregoing.
2. Provincial Directors- (for a period whichshall not exceed 30 days):

Administrative punishment or reprimand, Restriction to specified limits,
Withholding of Privileges, Forfeiture of Salary, Suspension or any combination of
any of the foregoing.
3. Police Regional Directors - (shall not exceed 60 days):
Administrative punishment or reprimand, Restriction to specified limits, Withholding
of Privileges, Forfeiture of Salary, Suspension or any combination of any of the
foregoing: Demotion or Dismissal.
4. PNP Chief -(shall not exceed 180 days):

Withholding of Privileges, Forfeiture of Salary, Suspension, or any combination of
any of the foregoing, Demotion or Dismissal.
Disciplinary Appellate Boards:

The formal administrative disciplinary machinery for the PNP shall be the National
Appellate Board and the regional appellate boards.
32
1. The National Appellate Board(NAB) shall consist of four (4) divisions,

each division composed of a Commissioner as Chairman and two (2) other
members. The Board shall consider appeals from decisions of the Chief of
the PNP.
The National Appellate Board may conduct its hearings or sessions in Metropolitan
Manila or any part of the country as it may deem necessary.
2. The Regional Appellate Board(RAB) per administrative region in the

country to be composed of a senior officer of the regional Commission as Chairman
and one (1) representative each from the PNP, and the regional peace and order
council as members. It shall consider appeals from decisions of the regional
directors, other officials, mayors, and the PLEB:
Governors and Mayors
Shall be deputized as NAPOLCOM representatives in their respective territorial

jurisdiction.
Provincial Governors
Shall choose the PNP Provincial Director from a list of five(5)recommended by

the PNP Regional Director. Shall oversee the implementation of the Provincial
Public Safety Plan.
City and Municipal Mayors
Shall exercise operational supervision and control over the PNP units in their
respective jurisdictions. Shall establish/develop an integrated area/community public
safety plan; Impose discipline over PNP units in their respective jurisdictions as
provided for by law;
Shall have the authority to choose the Chief of Police from a list of five
(5)recommended by the PNP Provincial Director; Shall have the authority to
recommend the transfer, reassignment or detail of PNP members outside of their
respective residences; and Authority to recommend the appointment of new PNP
member to be assigned to their respective cities or municipalities.
COMELEC
33
During the thirty (30) day period immediately preceding and the thirty (30) days
following any national, local and barangay elections. During the said period, the
local police forces shall be under the supervision and control of the
Commission on Elections.
-To God Be All The Glory!
August 2019, L.M.G.
Sources:
Badua, J (2010). Textbook in Police Personnel and Records Management for Criminal
Justice Education.Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.
Guevara,R., Vinas, W (2008). Police Organization and Administration with Police
Planning, Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.
Guevara, R., Bautista, F (2013). Philippine Law Enforcement Administration.Wiseman’s
Books Trading, Inc.
Philippine National Police Handbook PNPM-DO-DS-3-2-13.Revised Philippine National
Police Operational Procedures.

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Foundation University

Compiled by: Mr. Lurish Mett O. Gonzaga, RCrim

POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

Brief History of Police in the Philippines

determine the policies to be pursued in law enforcement and the maintenance of

 After the collapse of the Philippine Revolutionary government, the Americans

THE POLICE ORGANIZATION

 An official structure created to coordinate either people or groups and

Most of the law enforcement organization design is that of pyramid shaped

Command officers and supervisors had complete authority over subordinates.

POLICE ORGANIZATION defined

Police organization is a group of trained personnel in the field of

The organization of the police force commonly requires the following

1. Bureau – the largest organic functional unit within a large department.

Classification of Line, Staff, and Auxiliary Function

Auxiliary Functions: Auxiliary functions involve the logistical operations of the

The Home Rule and Continental Theory

The Old and Modern Concept

A span of control is the maximum number of subordinates at a given position

Delegation is the conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position onto

Traditional theories of organization insisted that each employee should have

This principle of “unity of command” is the backbone of any organizational

THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) ORGANIZATION

The PNP is composed of a national headquarter, regional headquarters,

PNP Staff and Support Units

Directorial Staff (Functional Staff)-12

2. The Directorate for Intelligence (DI)

3. The Directorate for Operations (DO)

4. The Directorate for Logistics (DL)

5. The Directorate for Plans (DPL)

6. The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC)

7. The Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR)

9. The Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD)

10. The Directorate for Research and Development (DRD)

11. The Directorate for Information and Communications Technology

12. Five (5) Directorates for Integrated Police Operations (DIPOs)

Administrative Support Units-11

1. Logistics Support Service (LSS).

7. Legal Service (LS).

1. Maritime Group (MG). This group is responsible to perform all police functions

placed or professional criminal syndicates and organizations. It also conducts

The Powers and Functions

The Rank Classification under RA 6975

 Director General (DG)

 Senior Police Officer IV (SPO IV)

The New Rank Classification of the PNP Personnel

Police Executive Master Sergeant (PEMS)

Rank Classification of Commissioned Officers are:

Police General (PGEN) Four Star

PNP: National in Scope - Civilian in Character

National in scope simply means that the PNP is a

The Achievement of Professional Conduct and Exemplary Behavior among PNP

A PNP member as a Law Enforcer and an Agent of a Person in Authority is a

The PNP Doctrine of Development

Police Doctrine is a doctrine of preservation. Therefore, it is a truism that the

POLICE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES

The management process involves Planning – Organizing – Leading –

1. Planning – is the process of setting performance objectives and identifying

Rank Designations and Position Title

 Police Lieutenant to Police Lieutenant Colonel — Appointed by the Chief of

President of the Philippines

President of the Philippines

 Doctors of Medicine, Members of the Bar, and Chaplains shall be appointed