Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 27

Towards 100 Gbps: Challenges and Solutions in

Optical Networking

Julian Lucek

HEAnet National Networking Conference 2010

V2.0
Inter-POP capacity trends: IP/MPLS layer

160
N x 10GE
140
120
STM256
inter-city 100 STM64
capacity 80
(Gbps) STM16
60
40 E3/STM1
20
0
1995 1998 2000 2006 2009
Year

3 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


40 GE and 100 GE industry forums

 “Grey” interfaces
 Up to 40km over dark fibre
– Intra-PoP and intra-city connections
 Ethernet Alliance – High Speed Ethernet (HSE)
technical subcommittee
 IEEE P802.3ba – 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Ethernet
Task Force
– Ratified 20 June 2010, so the work of the task force is now
complete!
- http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/2010/ratification8023ba.html
 Transport over long-haul networks
 Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF)

4 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


Deployment scenarios

100 GE link over dark fibre (“grey” interface)


Defined by IEEE

Transponder Transponder
on DWDM on DWDM
system system

100GE signal within long-haul DWDM system (line-side)

5 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


How to transport data over fibre?
Traditional approach (e.g. 10 GE) is to use ON-OFF-
KEYING (OOK).
1 0 1 1

Optical power

time
But this is very difficult at 100 Gbps:
•Challenging to build transmitters and receivers with
sufficient modulation bandwidth
•Detrimental propagation effects in the optical fibre
6 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net
100 Gbps serial is very tough!

100 Gbps serial using “On-Off Keying” (OOK) is physically possible


(see above) but currently complex/expensive.

Instead, the IEEE grey interface formats use multiple “lanes”….

7 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


IEEE 802.3ba formats

40 Gb/s 100 Gb/s


Backplane
40GBASE-KR4
(At least 1 m)
Copper Cable
Assembly 40GBASE-CR4 100GBASE-CR10
(At least 10 m)
MMF (OM3)
40GBASE-SR4 100GBASE-SR10 10 x 10 Gbps
(At least 100 m) parallel fibres
SMF
40GBASE-LR4 100GBASE-LR4
(At least 10 km) 4 x 25 Gbps
SMF CWDM
100GBASE-ER4
(At least 40 km)

8 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


100GBASE-LR4 and 100GBASE-ER4
Uses coarse WDM, in 1300 nm band
Four wavelengths, approx 4.5 nm spacing

1295.5 1300 1304.5 1309 Wavelength (nm)

9 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


Pluggable optics (CFP)
Pluggable optics modules have proven very popular for 10GE,
STM16, 1GE etc (XFP, SFP etc)
Hence a Multi-Source Agreement for pluggable optics module
has been defined for 40GE/100GE applications: CFP.
See http://www.cfp-msa.org for more details.

11 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


CFP module dimensions

CFP Host Configuration

CFP Module

125 mm x 86 mm
host-board footprint

140 mm x 78 mm x 13.6 mm
(AKA “double-wide XENPAK”)

12 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


CFP module details

Source: http://www.cfp-msa.org/Documents/CFP-MSA-DRAFT-rev-1-0.pdf
13 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net
100 GE interface card

T1600

IEEE802.3ba compliant
14 100GE PIC Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc.
CFP
www.juniper.net
100 GE and DWDM networks
15 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net
100GE and DWDM systems: 100 Gbps on one wavelength
As already mentioned, propagating 100 Gbps signal serially using On-Off Keying
(OOK) is very tough
As well as the difficulties with the transmitters and receivers, there are also
propagation issues in the fibre e.g.
 Chromatic Dispersion (CD)
 Polarisation Mode Dispersion (PMD)

These severely reduce the maximum propagation distance for OOK at higher
bit rates…

16 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


OSNR, CD AND PMD TOLERANCES OF SERIAL OOK

OSNR = optical
signal to noise ratio

DD Rx = Direct
Detection Receiver

Need more
sophisticated
modulation formats!

17 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


100GE and DWDM systems: 100 Gbps on one wavelength

Solution is to use higher order modulation format, with coherent


detection.
Higher order modulation format: more bits per symbol
Coherent detection:
 Uses local oscillator (laser at same frequency as incoming signal)
 Preserves amplitude/phase information, so CD and PMD can be
compensated using Digital Signal Processing

Such schemes have been used in radio world for decades (at much
lower bit-rates), but commercial use of such schemes is very novel for
the photonic world!

18 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


Higher order modulation scheme: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
(QPSK)

00 •Very resilient to
chromatic dispersion (CD)
and polarisation mode
01 10 dispersion (PMD)!

•Removes need for in-line


CD and PMD
compensators

11 •Good spectral efficiency


(2 bps/Hz)

Above diagram is for one polarisation. Using the orthogonal polarisation in


addition, can carry 4 bits per symbol in total (DP-QPSK)
19 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net
100GE field trial
Successful joint field trial has been completed
 Juniper Networks, Verizon, NEC, Finisar
 T1600 with 100GE interface
 Finisar 100GBASE-LR4 CFP optics
 NEC DWDM system, 100GE signal transported on a single
wavelength
 DP-QPSK modulation format with coherent detection

 Tested in Verizon network, over a distance of 1520 km

 See http://newscenter.verizon.com/press-
releases/verizon/2010/verizon-juniper-nec-and.html for more info

20 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


100 GE field trial (continued)
The results of the field trial were reported in the OFC
conference, week of 22 March 2010.
The following slides are from the conference paper..

21 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


Trial set-up

Source: T.J. Xia et al, OFC/NFOEC 2010


Trial results

Source: T.J. Xia et al, OFC/NFOEC 2010


Future evolution
Long-haul coloured optics
CFP grey optics CFP grey optics

Transponder Transponder
on DWDM on DWDM
system system

No transponder on DWDM system!


Coloured, tunable 100 GE interface on the router.
25 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net
Beyond 100G…
How to increase the bit-rate even
further? Very analogous to
radio…
• More bits per symbol (yet higher-
order modulation format, e.g. 64-
QAM)
• More symbols per second
• Multiple sub-carriers (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing –
OFDM)

26 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


400 Gbps scheme

x x

y
y

l1
Tx1
l2
Tx2 400 Gb/s
l3
Tx3
l4
Tx4

27 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


Optical Interworking Forum (OIF) work on 100G long-haul

100G Ultra-long haul Framework


www.oiforum.com/public/documents/OIF-FD-100G-DWDM-01.0.pdf
100G Forward Error Correction Whitepaper
http://www.oiforum.com/public/documents/OIF_FEC_100G-01.0.pdf
Implementation agreement for 100G transmitter
http://www.oiforum.com/public/documents/OIF-PMQ-TX-01.0.pdf
Implementation agreement for 100G receiver
http://www.oiforum.com/public/documents/OIF_DPC_RX-01.0.pdf

28 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net


Useful References
IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Task Force
 http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/ba/

CFP specifications
 http://www.cfp-msa.org/

100 GE router interface datasheet


• http://www.juniper.net/us/en/local/pdf/fact-sheets-
backgrounder/3000063-en.pdf

Field trial (Juniper, NEC, Verizon, Finisar)


• http://newscenter.verizon.com/press-
releases/verizon/2010/verizon-juniper-nec-and.html

29 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net

Вам также может понравиться