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Optical Networking
Julian Lucek
V2.0
Inter-POP capacity trends: IP/MPLS layer
160
N x 10GE
140
120
STM256
inter-city 100 STM64
capacity 80
(Gbps) STM16
60
40 E3/STM1
20
0
1995 1998 2000 2006 2009
Year
“Grey” interfaces
Up to 40km over dark fibre
– Intra-PoP and intra-city connections
Ethernet Alliance – High Speed Ethernet (HSE)
technical subcommittee
IEEE P802.3ba – 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Ethernet
Task Force
– Ratified 20 June 2010, so the work of the task force is now
complete!
- http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/2010/ratification8023ba.html
Transport over long-haul networks
Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF)
Transponder Transponder
on DWDM on DWDM
system system
Optical power
time
But this is very difficult at 100 Gbps:
•Challenging to build transmitters and receivers with
sufficient modulation bandwidth
•Detrimental propagation effects in the optical fibre
6 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net
100 Gbps serial is very tough!
CFP Module
125 mm x 86 mm
host-board footprint
140 mm x 78 mm x 13.6 mm
(AKA “double-wide XENPAK”)
Source: http://www.cfp-msa.org/Documents/CFP-MSA-DRAFT-rev-1-0.pdf
13 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net
100 GE interface card
T1600
IEEE802.3ba compliant
14 100GE PIC Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc.
CFP
www.juniper.net
100 GE and DWDM networks
15 Copyright © 2010 Juniper Networks, Inc. www.juniper.net
100GE and DWDM systems: 100 Gbps on one wavelength
As already mentioned, propagating 100 Gbps signal serially using On-Off Keying
(OOK) is very tough
As well as the difficulties with the transmitters and receivers, there are also
propagation issues in the fibre e.g.
Chromatic Dispersion (CD)
Polarisation Mode Dispersion (PMD)
These severely reduce the maximum propagation distance for OOK at higher
bit rates…
OSNR = optical
signal to noise ratio
DD Rx = Direct
Detection Receiver
Need more
sophisticated
modulation formats!
Such schemes have been used in radio world for decades (at much
lower bit-rates), but commercial use of such schemes is very novel for
the photonic world!
00 •Very resilient to
chromatic dispersion (CD)
and polarisation mode
01 10 dispersion (PMD)!
See http://newscenter.verizon.com/press-
releases/verizon/2010/verizon-juniper-nec-and.html for more info
Transponder Transponder
on DWDM on DWDM
system system
x x
y
y
l1
Tx1
l2
Tx2 400 Gb/s
l3
Tx3
l4
Tx4
CFP specifications
http://www.cfp-msa.org/