1. Plato’s comment on the reaction of Achilles after Patroclus's death.

Achilles was one of the greatest warriors and heroes in Greek Mythology. He was a major character in
the Iliad by Homer where he fought in the Trojan War against the city of Troy. Achilles was
extraordinarily strong, courageous and loyal, but he had one vulnerability–his “Achilles heel.” When
Helen, the wife of the Greek King Menelaus, was taken by the Trojan Prince Paris, the Greeks went to
war to get her back and Achilles joined the battle. During the Trojan War, Achilles was unstoppable. He
killed many of Troy's greatest warriors. At one point during the war, Achilles captured a beautiful
princess named Briseis and fell in love with her. However, the leader of the Greek army, Agamemnon,
became angry with Achilles and took Briseis from him. Achilles became depressed and refused to fight.
As Achilles was not fighting, the Greeks began to lose the battle. Patroclus thinks that if he wears
Achilles' armour, he will fool the Trojans into believing it is actually Achilles doing the fighting, and they
will be terrified. Achilles reluctantly agrees to lend his friend the armor.Patroclus entered the battle
dressed as Achilles and met the greatest warrior of Troy, Hector who with the help of the god Apollo
killed Patroclus. When Achilles hears Patroclus’s death, he loses control of himself. He weeps and beats
the ground with his fists and covers his face with dirt.  This anger turns Achilles into something less than
human. He acts like a beast, unconcerned with the sufferings of others, and deaf to their pleas for
mercy, ‘his invincible hands covered in bloody filth’. He kills the noble Trojan hero Hector brutally and
treats his body shamefully. Now, Plato says that this type of behaviour from such a hero is not
acceptable. According to him, he is a great hero and so he should not be shown behaving in such a
manner because if he reacts in this manner, other soldiers will be demoralized and frightened. In The
Republic (book-iii), Plato said that this sort of behaviour of Achilles is not allowed and Homer should not
represent this.

2. Plato's theory of form or ideas -- “ postulate in each case........ Set of

particular objects”
The ancient Greek philosopher Plato did a lot to change the way we think about the world, in everything
from mathematics to ethics to logic. But perhaps one of his most influential contributions to philosophy
was the Theory of Forms. In basic terms, Plato's Theory of Forms asserts that the physical world is not
really the 'real' world; instead, ultimate reality exists beyond our physical world. Plato discusses this
theory in a few different dialogues, including the most famous one, called 'The Republic. Plato’s
philosophy asserts that there are two realms: the physical realm and the spiritual realm. The physical
realm is the material stuff we see and interact with on a daily basis; this physical realm is changing and
imperfect, as we know all too well. The spiritual realm, however, exists beyond the physical realm.
Plato’s Theory of Forms asserts that the physical realm is only a shadow, or image, of the true reality of
the Realm of Forms. Plato believed that everything in the material world is only a copy of a perfect form
existing in a realm of universals. He argued that it is the intuitive knowledge of the forms that enabled
us to identify things for what they are. Without the existence of a form of a circle, we would not be able
to imagine a perfect circle, as it is not found in nature. He also argued that it is possible to understand
this realm through contemplation.