NAME: RECHARD D.

CATAY SUBJECT: ECE 511

INSTRUCTOR: ENGR. JIM PAUL A. PETINGLAY CODE: 1707
TRANSMISION MEDIA & ANTENNA SYSTEM
1. Describe an electromagnetic ray; a wavefront.
• Electromagnetic (EM) radiation is a form of energy that is all around us and
takes many forms, such as radio waves, microwaves, X-rays and gamma rays.
Sunlight is also a form of EM energy, but visible light is only a small portion of
the EM spectrum, which contains a broad range of electromagnetic
wavelengths. Electromagnetic Ray also used to show the relative direction of
electromagnetic wave propagation.
• While wavefront is a surface containing points affected in the same way by a
wave at a given time. It also the locus of all the particles of the medium which
have received energy from the source at the same instant of instant and hence,
are in the same phase of oscillation.
2. Describe power density; voltage intensity.
• Power Density is a rate at which energy passes through a given surface area
in free space.
• While voltage intensity in which a voltage produces an electrostatic field. As
the voltage increases between two points the electrostatic field becomes more
intense. As the distance increases between two points having a given voltage
with respect to each other, the electrostatic intensity decreases between the
points.
3. Describe a spherical wavefront.
• Spherical wavefront is a part of the spherical wave surface in which every
particle observed will have the same energy and will be oscillating at the same
phase because these particles before time t (i.e., before travelling the distance
ct), had received the energy from the source together at the same time.
4. Explain the inverse square law.
• Inverse square law is in electromagnetic wave propagation, the irradiance, i.e.,
the power per unit area perpendicular to the direction of propagation, of a
spherical wavefront varies inversely as the square of the distance from the
source, assuming there are no losses caused by absorption or scattering in
short it cause a spreading loss.
5. Describe wave attenuation.
• Wave attenuation is a wave propagate through free space; they spread out, in
which resulting in a reduction in power density. Absorption is the conversion of
the sound energy to other forms of energy. The combined effect of scattering
and absorption is called attenuation. Ultrasonic attenuation is the decay rate of
the wave as it propagates through material.