Tutorial 3

(Part A)

1. Consequence is a measure of the expected effects of an incident.

2. Risk is a measure of potential economic loss or human injury in terms of the probability
of the loss or injury occurring and the magnitude of the loss or injury if it occurs.
3. Incident is a specific unplanned event or sequence of events that has undesirable
consequence.
4. Estimation of uncertainties associated with the entire process of risk assessment is
called as Risk Characterization.
5. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (Process Safety Management) are vital
to create continual awareness and improvement towards risk reduction.

(Part B)

1. Explain the need for safety in oil and gas industry.

Answer:
Safety is important in oil and gas industry as they are highly prone to hazardous
situations. The investments involved in oil & gas industry is several times higher than
that of any other process / production industry across the world. This industry is very
complex in nature and any damage occurs, it is not easy to reconstruct the design.

2. Explain ALARP in terms of risk acceptance and its importance. How do the values vary
as per various codes?
Answer:
It stands for “As Low As Reasonably Practical”. It involves reduction in risk against time,
trouble, difficulty, and cost of achieving it. Cost of further reduction measures become
unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained.

3. What are goal setting and rule based regimes?

Answer:
Goal setting regimes have a duty holder who assesses the risk. They should
demonstrate its understanding and controls the management, technical, and systems
issues. They should keep pace with new knowledge and should give an opportunity for
workforce involvement.
Rule based regimes consist of a legislator who sets the rules. They emphasizes
compliance rather than outcomes.

4. What is near-miss event and its importance in HSE plan?

Answer:
The events which have potential to cause injury or illness to people and/or damage to
stake holders.
5. What are the objectives and aim of HSE guidelines.
Answer:
HSE guidelines provide a framework for developing and managing contracts in Oil & gas
industry. The aim of HSE guideline are to improve performance by:
 Providing an effective management of HSE in a contract environment, so that
both the Client and the Contractor can devote their resources to improve HSE
performance.
 Facilitating the interface of the Contractor’s activities with those of the Client,
other Contractors, and subcontractors so that HSE becomes an integrated
activity of all facets of process.