Common Modules: National Service Training Program

NSTP- Common Module
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
NSTP
National Service Training Program
COMMON MODULES
1| N S T P - C o m m o n M o d u l e , F i r s t S e m . , A . Y . 2 0 2 0 - 2 0 2 1
PHILOSOPHY
SDSSU believes that higher education is an instrument for the improvement of life
through democratized access to quality education in the development of a well-rounded person.
VISION
A leading “Glocal” University with widened academic perspective that focus on attaining
food security, supporting poverty alleviation, developing renewable energy and conserving
natural environment.
MISSION
SDSSU shall provide competency-based higher education training driven by relevant and
responsive instruction, research, extension and sustainable resource management.
Particularly, SDSSU committed to:

1. Produce competent and skilled graduates prepared for gainful employment;
2. Develop graduates who shall not only foster economic progress but also care for the
environment, adhere to positive value system, and preserve cultural heritage;
3. Engage in high-impact research for instruction and develop technology for food security and
renewable energy;
4. Collaborate with government and non-government agencies to help improve the lives of the
marginalized groups; and
5. Promote cooperation/partnership among regional, national, and ASEAN institutions in higher
education.
CORE VALUES
Competence
A combination of observable and measurable knowledge, skills, abilities, and
personal attributes that contribute to enhance SDSSU employee and student performance and
ultimately result in organizational success.
Accountability
Responsibility for own actions, decisions and commitment to accomplish work in
an ethical, efficient, cost-effective and transparent manner manifesting the value of sound
stewardship in the wise use of resources for common good.
Responsiveness
A prompt action, consistent communication, quality information, and a focus on
providing a superior experience to stakeholders.
Excellence
The quality spectrum at exceptional levels demonstrated by learning outcomes
and the development of shared culture of quality consistent with the vision, mission and goals of
University.
Service
Dedication for a continuous improvement of services, stakeholder's relationships
and partnership which stresses interdependence and collaboration for a sustainable success of
clients and their communities in helping build a just, peaceful, stable and progressive Filipino
nation.
SDSSU CARES…
These core values are not descriptions of work we do, nor the strategies we employ to
accomplish our University vision. They are the core values that underlie our works and
interactions as we internalize responsibilities to fulfil our mission. They are the basic elements of
how we go about work and how we deal with stakeholders, molds students to become competent,
innovative, globally competitive and service-oriented.
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
National Service Training Program- Common Module
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION OF SYLLABUS
Overview
Importance
What do we expect from the course?
Expectation, Goal and Outcome of the Program
The salient description of NSTP-CWTS I
MODULE I - CITIZENSHIP TRAININ

Lesson 1 - Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP
Worksheet No. 1
Lesson 2 - PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

Meaning of Constitution
Basic Principles Underlying Our Constitution
Preamble
Bill of Rights
Duties and Responsibilities of Filipino Citizen
Worksheet No. 2
Lesson 3 - UNITED NATIONS PRINCIPLES ON HUMAN RIGHTS

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Worksheet No. 3
Lesson 4 - FLAG HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Definition of Terms
Worksheet No. 4
Lesson 5 - GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES (Based on 1987 Philippine

Constitution)
What are values?
What are Filipino Values?
Understanding Filipino Values and Culture
Filipino Values
Worksheet No. 5
Lesson 6 - Voter Citizenship Education
The Right of Suffrage
Qualifications and Disqualifications of a Voter
Worksheet No. 6
MODULE II - DRUG, ALCOHOLISM AND SMOKING

EDUCATION
What is a drug?
The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act Of 2002
The Dangerous Drugs Board Resolutions and Regulation
Importance of Drug Education to the Youth
Role of the Youth on Drug Prevention Program
Most Commonly Abused Drugs in the Philippines
Negative Effects of Dangerous Drugs, Alcohol and Smoking
Worksheet No.7
MODULE III- DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, AWARENESS

AND MANAGEMENT
NSTP and Disaster Awareness, Preparedness and Management
The Disaster Equation and the Disaster Management Concept
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan
Four NDRRMP Thematic Areas
Geographic Profile of the Philippines
Disaster Risk Reduction in the Philippines
Youth’s Contribution in Disaster Management
Basic Disaster Preparedness and Response Survival Training
Barangay as Nucleus of Community Governance and Disaster Preparedness
Worksheet No.8
MODULE IV- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

What is RA 9512?
What is the objective of RA 9512?
Seven Principles of Environment and Environmental Laws
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
The Seven (7) Most Common Leadership Styles
The Role of the Youth in Environmental Protection and Management
Worksheet No.9
MODULE V- NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS

External Threats
Internal Threats
Role of the Youth in the National Security
Worksheet No.10
APPENDICES
REFERENCES
PREFACE
This Student module is prepared as a reference to acquire quality learning despite no

physical interaction between the students and teachers due to the lingering COVID-19 threat.
To respond the CHED’s call by adopting the Flexible Learning System, the SDSSU-
NSTP welcomes the strategy by way of introducing this module without compromising the
outcomes and achievements that the students should met.
One of the components of the NSTP is the Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS).
Its various activities are contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the
members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to
improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of
the citizenry.
It is imperative, then, to craft a module as a reading material to fill in the vacuum in
the present era of distant learning.
This endeavor is especially designed for the college students who are taking up NSTP
to promote civic consciousness among the youth and inculcate in them the spirit of
nationalism and advance their involvement in public and civic affairs.
Sol S. Virtudazo, Ed.D (CAR)

NSTP Director
INTRODUCTION OF SYLLABUS
Overview
The NSTP-CWTS 101 is a program designed to enhance the civic consciousness of
students by developing the value of service and commitment for the welfare and betterment
of life of all members of the community.
Importance
NSTP helps students to be aware of their importance to the society along with
Military Science and Literacy Program, CWTS was instituted by the Republic Act 9163.
These programs promote patriotism and nationalism to our youth.
What do we expect from the course?

Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) refers to the program component or activities
contributory to the general welfare and betterment of life for the members of the community
or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education,
environment, leadership, citizenship and community exposure.
Expectation, Goal and Outcome of the Program

1. Provide and apply knowledge of RA 9163 known as National Service Training
Program Act of 2001.
2. Develop and apply the importance of moral values and 1987 Philippine Constitution.
3. Demonstrate awareness and importance of health care specially the value of food, diet
and nutrition.
4. Applies the value of concept of responsible citizenship and pride of being a Filipino.
5. Demonstrate and apply the importance of disaster risk reduction and management
awareness.
The salient description of NSTP-CWTS I

A. This course include program or activities contributory to the welfare and the
betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its
facilities especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, disaster preparedness and moral values of the
citizenry.
B. Course Name: Civic Welfare Training

Service Course Code: NSTP-CWTS I
Course Unit: 3
Contact Hours: 54 hrs.
Pre-requisite/Co-requisite: None
C. At the end of this course, the students should be able to:
1. Advocate on NSTP Act of 2001 or RA 9163;
2. Demonstrate among the students the importance with disaster awareness,
preparedness and management;
3. Adopt moral values and respect the rights of individuals;
4. Demonstrate awareness of the importance of health care and;
5. Conceptualize issues and concerns in a local and global perspective.
D. Grading System
Class Standing - 40%
Quizzes - 20%
Oral recitation - 10%
Assignment - 5%
Attendance - 5%
Exam - 40%
Requirements - 20%
100%
Background
COMMON MODULES (25 hours)
This module focuses on the five (5) topics mentioned in the Rule III, Program
Implementation, and Section4. Coverage, Paragraph c, of the Implementing Rules and
Regulations of RA 9163, which provides that students enrolled in the first semester of the
freshman year are required to undergo a common module phase for 25 hours prior to the
selection of the specific NSTP Program component they will pursue.
During this phase, the students are expected to gain knowledge, skills, and attitude
towards deepened understanding and heightened appreciation of their role in the promotion of
common good and the general welfare. Further, they are expected to demonstrate learning by
applying concepts and principles on practical situations in pursuit of community development
for the task of nation building.
Specifically, the common module aims to:
1. Inculcate the spirit of patriotism, nationalism and good citizenship values as potent
force in nation building;
2. Develop their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being;
3. Enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness of the students; and
4. Advance their involvement in civic public affairs.
MODULE I
CITIZENSHIP TRAINING
LESSON 1- HISTORICAL AND LEGAL BASIS OF NSTP
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Examine the nature and history of the National Service Training Program and
its components;
2. Discuss the need for the participation of the family, students, teachers and school
authorities in the enforcement of this Act, and
3. Carry out the role as a citizen in service of our country through NSTP.
Introduction
The National Service Training Program (NSTP) was implemented by the Surigao
del Sur State University (SDSSU) in accordance with the Republic Act (RA) 9163, an Act
Establishing The National Service Training Program (NSTP) for Tertiary Level Students,
enabling the government to create a program that will encourage the youth to actively
participate in civic welfare and literacy initiatives as well as defend the country in times of
war while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components.
ROTC, CWTS and LTS are some of its programs. It aims to promote and integrate
values education, transformational leadership, spirit of patriotism and nationalism and
sustainable social mobilization for youth development, community building and national
security. These various components are specially designed to enhance the youth’s active
contribution to the general welfare.
The National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a curriculum requirement for all
college students under Republic Act (RA) No. 9163. The law provides an opportunity for the
youth to directly contribute in nation building. Under the program, first year students have the
option to take either the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC). Literacy Training Service
(LTS) and Civic Welfare Service Training Service (CWTS).
Presidential Decree No. 1706, s. 1980

PROVIDING FOR COMPULSORY NATIONAL SERVICE FOR FILIPINO
CITIZENS AND AMENDING CERTAIN SECTIONS OF COMMONWEALTH ACT
NUMBER ONE, AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS “THE NATIONAL
DEFENSE ACT” FOR THE PURPOSE
SEC 1. This Decree shall be known as “THE NATIONAL SERVICE LAW.”
SEC 2. National service shall be obligatory for all citizens of the Philippines. As used
in this decree, “National service” shall consist of three main programs namely: civic welfare
service, law enforcement service; and military service.
SEC 3. Each citizen shall render national service in any of the three main programs
stated in Section 2 of this decree or a combination thereof: Provided, That such service shall
be credited in his favor for the purpose of fulfilling educational requirements established by
law.
SEC 4. The terms “military service” and “military training” referred to in
Commonwealth Act Number One, as amended, shall mean “national service” and “training
for national service”, respectively, as herein defined.
SEC 5. The Minister of National Defense, in coordination with the Ministers of
Human Settlements, Education and Culture, and Local Government and Community
Development, shall issue rules and regulations to implement this Decree, subject to the
approval of the President.
SEC 6. All provisions of Commonwealth Act Number One, as amended, laws, orders,
rules and regulations, or parts thereof, which are inconsistent with this Decree are hereby
repealed, amended or modified accordingly.
SEC 7. This Decree takes effect immediately.
Republic Act 9163 Act of 2001

The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law or RA 9163 also known as “AN
ACT ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP)
FOR THE TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7077 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1706, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES” was enacted last January 2002 to amend the Expanded ROTC.
This program aimed to enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the
youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of
its three (3) program components, specifically designed to enhance the youth’s active
The Three (3) Components

Reserve Officer’s Training Corps [ROTC] - refers to the program component,
institutionalized under Section 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, designed to provide
military training to motivate, train organize and mobilize them for national defense
preparedness.
Civic Welfare Training Service [CWTS] - refers to the program component or
activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the
community or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health,
education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of the citizenry and
other social welfare services.
Literacy Training Service [LTS] - refers to the program component designed to
train the students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youth
and other segments of society in need of their services.
Here are the three program components:
NSTP
ROTC CWTS LTS

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Officers Welfare Trainin
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WORKSHEET 1
Name: Date:
Course and Section: Rating:
Instructor: Cellphone No.
Instructions: Answer the following items.

1. What is the legal basis of the National Service Training Program (NSTP)? (15 points)
2. Among the three components of NSTP, What component do you prefer to? Explain
briefly (10 points)
3. As a youth how can you contribute in nation building? (20 points)
*Note: Please use separate answer sheet using the format above.
LESSON 2 - PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
Objectives
1. Identify the salient features of the 1987 Constitution;
2. Examine the importance of the Constitution; and
3. Define what is Bill of Rights;
Introduction
Meaning of Constitution
The word Constitution is derived from the verb to "constitute" which, means, among
other things, to set up, ordain, appoint, frame, form, make up or compose". The term
constitution therefore literally means the action of constituting, framing or establishing
something.
With the reference to the Constitution of the Philippines it might be characterized as
the written instrument by which the system or body of fundamental principles according to
which a nation, state or body politic is constituted and governed for the benefit of the people.
Basic Principles Underlying Our Constitution

Our Constitution is established upon certain basic principles of government which
have become an integral part of our democratic law based on legacy as a people. Among
these principles are the following:
1. Recognition of the aid of the Almighty God: Preamble
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to
build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals
and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure
to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule
of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and
promulgate this Constitution.
2. Sovereignty of the people: Art. II, Sec.1

ARTICLE II
Declaration of Principles and State Policies
SEC. 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in
the people and all government authority emanates from them.
3. Guarantee of human rights: The bill of rights is a parcel of the Constitution which
records the fundamental rights of an individual from infringement by the legislature, by any
individual, or by any group of people. It in this manner constrains the powers of the
government. The way that others have similar rights in like manner restrains how we exercise
our rights.
ARTICLE III
Bill of Rights
SEC. 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law,
nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
SEC. 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose
shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon
probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or
affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing
the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.
4. Duties and Responsibilities of Filipino Citizen: Article IV (Citizenship) and Article V

(Suffrage)
ARTICLE IV
Citizenship
SEC 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:
(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;
(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship
upon reaching the age of majority; and
(4) Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
SEC 2. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth
without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those
who elect Philippine citizenship in accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1 hereof shall be
deemed natural-born citizens.
SEC 3. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.
SEC 4. Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship,
unless by their act or omission they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.
SEC 5. Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be
dealt with by law.
ARTICLE V
Suffrage
SEC 1. Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise
disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the
Philippines for at least one year and in the place wherein they propose to vote for at least six
welfare and literacy initiatives as well as defend the country in times of war while undergoing
training in any of its three (3) program components.
ROTC, CWTS and LTS are some of its programs. It aims to promote and integrate
values education, transformational leadership, spirit of patriotism and nationalism and
sustainable social mobilization for youth development, community building and national
security. These various components are specially designed to enhance the youth’s active
The National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a curriculum requirement for all
college students under Republic Act (RA) No. 9163. The law provides an opportunity for the
youth to directly contribute in nation building. Under the program, first year students have the
option to take either the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) or Civic Welfare Service
Training Service (CWTS).
WORKSHEET 2
Name: Date:


1. What is the importance of Constitution? (10 points)
2. What are the salient features of the 1987 Constitution? Give a brief explanation of
each feature. (50 points)
3. What is Bill of Rights? (15 points)
LESSON 3- UNITED NATIONS PRINCIPLES ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Objectives
1. To know the importance of Human Rights;
2. Define Human Rights; and
3. Identify the 5 Human Rights
Introduction
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the

history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural
backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United
Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217
A) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the
first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and it has been translated
into over 500 languages.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of
all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts
which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human
beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been
proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort,
to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule
of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between
nations,
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith
in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal
rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better
standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the
United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and
fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest
importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL
DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all
peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping
this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect
for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to
secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of
Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article1 Right to Equality

Article 2 Freedom from Discrimination
Article 3 Right to Life, Liberty, Personal Security
Article 4 Freedom from Slavery
Article 5 Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment
WORKSHEET 3
Name: Date:

1. Define Human Rights? (10 points)

2. Discuss the Importance of Human Rights. (10 points)
3. Identify the five Human Rights. (10 points)
4. Discuss the importance of Human Rights relating to the current Pandemic situation.
(20 points)
Lesson 4 - FLAG HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student should do the following:
1. Draw the Philippine Flag;
2. Identify the places where the Philippine Flag is hoisted permanently day and night;
3. Explain how to raise the Philippine Flag when mourning; and
4. Identify the National Motto.
For the implementation of the Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines, the NSTP
should be guided with the following provisions:
Sec.2 States that it is the policy of the state to prescribe the Code of the National
Flag, Anthem, Motto, Coat-of-Arms and the Heraldic items and Devices of the Philippines,
ensure the promotion and implementation of its corresponding rules and regulations, and
adopt effective administrative, regulatory, coordinative and supervisory programs and
activities,
Where appropriate, in conformity with national government policies.
Sec 4 The Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines will promote or sustain reverence
and respect for the flag, the anthem and other national symbols, and those which symbolizes
the national ideals and traditions.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
These are the terminologies used in these rules:
1. “Military” shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines including
the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the
Bureau of Fire Protection;
2. “Festoon” shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a decoration;
3. “Flag” shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise;
4. “Fly” shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or length;
5. “Symbol” shall mean any conventional sign which reveals man’s achievement and
heroism (for orders and decorations), identification, authority and a sign of dignity
(for coat-of-arms, logo and insignia);
6. “Half-Mast” shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top
and bottom of the staff;
7. “Hoist” shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to which the
halyard is attached;
8. “Inclement Weather” shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality;
9. “National Anthem” shall mean the Philippine National Anthem’
10. “Official Residences” shall mean Malacañang, and other government-owned
structures where the President resides, and other structures occupied by the Philippine
Consulate or Embassies abroad;
11. Places of Frivolty” shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous
merriment or recreation; and
12. “Institute” shall mean the National Historical Institute.
A. HALF-MAST
Sec. 27 The National Flag should be at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all the
building and places where it is displayed on the official day of announcement of the death of
the following officials:
a. The president of former President (10 days);
b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the President of the
Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives (7 days);
c. Cabinet Secretaries, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Members of the Senate
and House Representatives, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
and the Director-General of the Philippine National Police (5 days);
d. Head of National Government Agencies, including the Government and Control
Corporations and Government Financial Institutions (3 days);
e. The commanding Generals of the Philippine air force and the Philippine Army
and the Flag Officer in Command of the Philippine Navy (3 days);
f. Governors, Vice- governors, city and municipal mayor, city and municipal Vice-
Mayor (3 days);
g. Members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Sanginiang Panlungsod and
Sanggunian Bayan (on the day of the interment);
h. Barangay Chairmen and Barangay Councilmen on the day of interment;
i. Former National or Local Government Officials, appointive or elected;
j. Regional Directors, Superintendents, Supervisors, Principals, Teachers and other

school officials.
During calamities and disasters, National Flag shall also be flown at half-mast.
Rule: The flag must be raised to the top of the pole before it is lowered to the half-mast
position; and before it is lowered for the day it must be raised to the top again.
B. CASKET
Sec. 28. The national Flag may be used to cover the caskets of the dead honored
men (military, veterans of previous wars, national Artists and other civilians) who rendered
noble service to our nation. It should not touch the ground but must be folded solemnly and
handed it to heirs of the deceased. No object that symbolizes “God above the country”.
Rule: When positioning the flag, the white triangle must be at the head of the casket while
the blue field must cover the right side. To prevent the flag from falling off, a black band may
be wrapped along the side of the casket.
C. PLEDGE TO THE NATIONAL FLAG
Sec. 29 the following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the National Flag:
Panunumpa ng Katapatan sa Watawat ng Pilipinas
Ako ay Pilipino
Buong Katapatan nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan at
kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos
Maka-Tao
Makakalikasan
at Makabansa
This pledge should be recited right after singing the National anthem with right palm
open and shoulder raised high.
D. PROHIBITED ACTS
Sec. 39It is prohibited:

a. To mutilate, deface, trample on, cast contempt, or commit any act or omission casting
dishonour or ridicule upon the National Flag or over its surface;
b. To dip the national Flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;
c. To use the national Flag
1. As drapery, festoon, tablecloth;
2. As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects;
3. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;
4. As a staff or whip;
d. To display the National Flag:
1. Under any painting or picture;
2. Horizontally, It shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed ro fall freely;
3. Below any platform; or
4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling loints and places
of vice or where frivolity prevails.
e. To wear the national Flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;
f. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisement, or imprint of
any nature on the national Flag;
g. To print, paint or attach representation of the national Flag on handkerchiefs, napkins,
cushions, and articles of merchandise;
h. To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic
establishments, and in offices of international organizations;
i. To use or display or be part of any advertisement or infomercial; and
j. To display the national Flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.
E. NATIONAL ANTHEM
Sec. 40-41 The national Anthem should be interpreted in accordance with the musical
arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe with its original lyrics and tempo.
LUPANG HINIRANG
Bayang Magiliw
Perlas ng
Silanganan, Alab ng
puso
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay.
Lupang hunirang
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig
Di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula
At awit sa sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y
Tagumpay na nagniningning
Ang bituin at araw niya,
Kailan pa may di magdidilim
Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t
pagsinta, Buhay ay langit sa piling
mo,
Aming ligaya na pag may mang-aapi,
Ang mamatay ng dahil sa iyo
F. NATIONAL MOTTO
Sec. 45 The Philippine National Motto.
MAKA DIYOS, MAKA-TAO,

MAKAQKALIKASAN AT
MAKABANSA
G. NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS (SAGISAG NG PILIPINAS)
Sec. 46. The national coa-f-arms shall have:

Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three (3)
mullets equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over all the sun
rayonnant with eight minor and lesser rays. Beneath shall be the scroll with the words
“REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS, “ inscribed thereon.
The eight-rayed sun symbolizes the eight provinces (Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite,
Manila, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac) which were placed under martial law by
Governor-general Ramon Blanco during the Philippine Revolution, and the three five-pointed
stars representing the three primary geographic regions of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
H. THE GREAT SEAL
The Great Seal should be in circular form with the same descriptions with the national
Coat-of-Arms but without the scroll and the inscription “REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS”. IT
SHOULD BE SURROUNDED BY A DOUBLE MARGINAL CIRCLE WHICH
“REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS” should appear. Great Seal should also bear the national Motto.
I. PENALTIES
Failure or refusal to adhere to the provisions of this act, and/or any violations of these
Rules shall be penalized as stipulated in R.A. 8491.
WORKSHEET 4
Name: Date:


1. Illustrate the Philippine Flag (10 points)
2. Enumerate the places where the Flag is hoisted permanently day and night. (15 points)
3. Identify the National Motto. (10 points)
Lesson 5 - GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES (Based on 1987 Philippine
Constitution)
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student should do the following
1. Identify the values of the Filipino people;
2. Define Patriotism and Nationalism;
3. Describe oneself as a person;
4. Define values and values system;
5. Explain a passage relating to Filipino values
Introduction
What are values?

Before diving into the conversation of values– Filipino values, specifically – it merits
examining the word itself. "Value" has its root in the Latin word "valere" which intends to be
strong and vigorous. This returns from the reason that a human individual must have strength
or valor in each try. It is the premise on which his quality in confronting the difficulties of life
should be directed.
Dr. Tomas Q. D. Andres (1986) would define values as “things, persons, ideas or
goals which are important to life; anything which enables life to be understood, evaluated,
and directed.”
On the other hand, Edgar Sheffield Brightman defines value as “whatever is liked,
prized, esteemed, desired approved, or enjoyed by anyone at any time. It is the actual
experience of enjoying a desired object or activity. Hence, value is an existing realization of
desire.”
All in all, the values of a society would be the guidelines or standards for which an act
is decided to be what is correct or incorrect, right or wrong. In that capacity, it is the objective
set for each individual from the community to accomplish what is desirable. At the end of the
day, values in a society provide importance and guidance to each individual's life and impact
his human conduct.
In light of these definitions, we can say that values are those which are considered by
the society as desirable and significant and have accomplished the status as good driving
force behind each activity of every part equipped towards the ideal end or objective.
What are Filipino Values?

Essentially, Filipino values would be the guidelines or standards set out by the
Filipino society as reason for what is correct or wrong, the standards on which each
individual from the Filipino society ought to continue on to achieve so as to arrive at a
definitive acknowledgment of his life, with respect to his individual and according to his
family and society by and large.
Understanding Filipino Values and Culture

The Filipino society is composed of a mixture of different races and cultures, many of which
influenced the lifestyle and values being practised in the Philippine community. Among those
who influenced the Filipino culture and values are our ancestors – the Malays and Indios, our
colonists – the Spaniards and the Americans, and nationals of other countries who have dealt
with the Philippine society through trade – the Chinese and the Indians. The resulting blend
of this mixture of influences, which are sometimes conflicting, is uniquely Filipino in
character.
Most of the prominent Filipino values are the result of a blend of the rich Christian
values of Europe, the pragmatic and democratic values of America, and the spiritual values of
Asia.
The basic social unit in the Philippine society is the family. It is here where values and
principles are nurtured and imbibed in each and every member of the family. The tradition of
close family ties has long been practiced and considered as the foundation of the Philippine
society. So much is the effect of this tradition that the members of the constitutional
commission of the 1987 Philippine Constitution deemed it proper to include it as a State
Policy and a chapter of the fundamental law of the land. Thus, Article XV, Section 1 of the
said constitution provides that “The State recognizes the Filipino family as the foundation of
the nation.”
It is in the family that the Filipino individual is introduced to the concept of structure
and hierarchy of power. He is always reminded to submit to the authoritarian familial set-up,
where roles are prescribed especially for younger members of the family. The Filipino family
is structured in a way that autocratic leadership rests on the elder members, where the young
submit themselves to the decision of family elders. He is indoctrinated of the tradition of
primacy of the extended family over that of the individual and that the only source of
emotional, economic, and moral support is the family.
The Filipino individual identifies himself with his family. Right from childhood he is
made to believe that he belongs to the family. The Filipino individual is always encouraged to
get advice from his parents and submit to his parents‟ direction, counsel and advice. He is
admonished to be good because any disgrace that he commits is a disgrace to the family. In
times of misfortune, he is assured of his family’s support, sympathy and love.
Thus, Filipino society, in contrast with Western societies, prefers a rather "structured"
way of life, and not where he can be assertive of his own individuality.
However, modern era is catching up with the Filipino society. Changes must occur if
the Filipino society is to survive in a changing world. The Filipino society will have to keep
up with the changes brought about by modernization. The society must prepare itself for a
serious re-evaluation of its values. In most instances, it will have to break away from its past
and adjust itself towards the future.
Filipino Values
The given arrangement of values is inherently inside of every Filipino. This piece
of the module tries to stir these values among us and ideally, later on motivate us to practice
it in our everyday lives. These values, whenever did with one’s heart can fill in as a vehicle
and fortification towards our objective of acknowledging social change and progress.
1. Pagkamaka-Diyos
a. Faith and Belief in Almighty God
‘For just as a body without a spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead’- John 2:26
'The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today. Let us move
forward with strong and active faith.'- Franklin D. Roosevelt
Faith Alone
By Andrew Maria
A devout widow who was known to be a living saint was crossing a bridge with her
child when an accident happened. Her son fell off the bridge and plunged into the deep water
below. At this, some men got ready to jump into the water to save the child. However, the
widow forbade them.
“Do not move,” she told the men, “my faith alone can save the child.”
After she had said this, the widow knelt on the bridge and prayed with great faith. In a
short while, the child drowned and died. The widow wept.
Moral: Faith alone, without work, is useless.
b. Respect for Life

‘God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and
female He created them.’- Genesis 1:27
‘Life is raw material. We are artisans. We can sculpt our existence into something
beautiful, or debase it into ugliness. It's in our hands’– Cathy Better.
The House of Life
By Andrew Maria
The crowd said to the Mystic, “We found a big and beautiful house called Life.
Without giving any thought to whom the House of Life might belong, we rushed inside it.
Yet to our dismay, the House of Life was empty and there was nothing in it. Life is empty,
Life has no meaning.”
The Mystic went to the House of Life to see if it really was empty. He knocked on the
door before entering and someone from within opened it. He stayed inside the house for quite
some time while the crowd waited outside. It was already evening when the Mystic went out.
“Is the House of Life empty as we told you?” the crowd questioned him.
The Mystic answered the crowd, “the House of Life is not empty. When I was inside,
I saw the most beautiful rooms with golden chairs, silver tables, and jeweled walls. Above all
these, I dined and conversed with the Master of Life himself.”
“How can that be? The crowd insisted. “When we were inside the House of Life, it
was empty, yet now you tell us that it is not.”
The Mystic rebuked the crowd, “You found the House of Life empty because you did
not knock before you entered it. You rushed into life even without knocking, as if the house
belonged to you. The Master of Life, seeing that you lacked respect for life and reverence for
it, took away its beauty because you would not know how to use it. You are proud and vain as
if you are the master of your own life. For this reason, the Master of Life gave you the House
of Life to look at but not to live in. If only you had knocked before you entered, then you
would have seen the beauty I saw and conversed with the Master of Life himself.”
“Tell us please,” the crowd begged the mystic, “what does it mean to knock on the
Door of Life?”
The Mystic solemnly spoke, “to knock on the door of Life is to be humble enough to
accept that the house does not belong to you but to the Master. “To knock on the door of life
is to seek the Master of the House and not the treasure in the House. To knock on the Door of
Life is to wait with patience for the Master to open it from within and not to force it from the
outside. To knock on the Door of Life is to follow the statutes and commandments of the
Master of Life.”
“To knock on the Door of Life is to pray to the Master of Life that you may love him
since he not only owns the house but your very selves as well.”
They left the Mystic after they heard this. The crowd returned to the House of Life
and they knocked before entering. The Master of the House of Life opened it from within.
Once inside, the crowd saw the beautiful things the Mystic had seen. But most of all, they
were able to dine and converse with the Master of Life himself.
Life, after all, is not empty.
Moral: Treat life with respect and life itself will reveal its beauty to you.
c. Order
‘God is not God of disorder but of peace.’- 1 Corinthians 14:33
‘Order is the sanity of the mind, the health of the body, the peace of the city, the
security of the state. Like beams in a house or bones to a body, so is order to all things.’-
Robert Southey
Your Own House First
By Andrew Maria
Cassius the Zealot entered the monastery because he wanted to atone for the sins of
men. As a monk, he practiced all sorts of rigorous penances and sacrifices for this single
purpose.
“Lord,” he often prayed, “I offer my life for the atonement of the sins of the world.”
One night, Cassius had a dream. He saw himself in a certain village were all the
houses were dilapidated. Driven by his zeal and kindness, Cassius started rebuilding one
house after the other. After he had rebuilt all the houses, Cassius was approached by the
Lord.
“Cassius,” said the Lord, “I mean to stay in your house.”
Cassius pointed to his house while he walked with the Lord. “Master,” he said, “That
is mu home.”
The Lord stopped when he saw how dilapidated Cassius’ house was. “I cannot stay in
such a house,” the Lord told him. “Your house is ready to fall down.”
“But, my Lord,” Cassius defended himself, “I was not able to fix my house because I
spet all my time rebuilding other people’s houses.”
The Lord said to Cassius, “Before you build my dwelling place in other men’s hearts,
be sure that I have one in yours.”
With that, the Lord disappeared.
Moral: Charity begins at home.
d. Work
‘For even when we were with you, we gave you this rule: “The one who is unwilling to
work shall not eat.”- 2 Thessalonians 3:10
‘Give a man a fish, and you'll feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you've fed
him for a lifetime.’ – Confucius
Anecdotes of the Great that Help Build a Better Life
Compiled by J. Maurus
Norman Vincent Peale was waiting to see Herbert Hoover. He asked the secretary
how Hoover was getting on. “Well,” she answered, “he’s in there working hard. He works
about seven or eight hours a day.”
“But he’s 85,” protested Peale.
“Yes,” the secretary agreed, “but he doesn’t know that.”
Moral: Work is a timeless occupation. It is both for the young and old.
-oOo-
Seventy-five drafts of Thomas Gray’s poem. “Elegy written in a Country

Churchyard” may be seen in the British Museum. The Poet did not like the way he wrote it
the first time nor the second nor the third. He was satisfied only when he had written the
poem over and over 75 times.
Moral: Don’t settle for mediocre work. Instead, aim for excellence I everything you
do.
-oOo-
When someone was lauding his intellectual brilliance and ability in dealing with the
most complex problems, Lord Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India, explained: “The
truth is I am very ordinary person, and if I have any success it is only due to hard work.”
Moral: Great men are ordinary persons who work extraordinary well.
e. Concern for the Family and Future Generations

‘From the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female,’ and said, ‘For this
reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will
become one flesh’? So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined
together, let no one separate.”- Matthew 19:4-7
‘Pilipino na sino man and hindi marunong lumingon sa kanyang pinanggalingan ay
hindi makararating sa paroroonan.’ – Francisco Balagtas
Father’s Mistake - No Time
Bel San Luis
One night, a father came to a parent-teacher conference in a city high school. During a
talk with one of his son’s teachers, the father broke down and began to cry. After he regained
his composure, the father apologized, saying, “My son no longer lives with me. But I still
love him and I want to know how he’s doing in school.”
The father then told the teacher how his wife and four children had left him that
afternoon.
He was a building contractor and sometimes worked sixteen hours a day. Naturally,
he saw little of his family, and then slowly grew farther and farther apart.
Then the father said something sad. He said: “I wanted to buy my wife and kids all the
things I had dreamed of giving them. But in the process, I got so involved in working that I
forgot about what they needed most: a father who was around at nights to give them love and
support”.
Moral: We can get so involved in what we are doing that we forget why we are
doing it. We are so involved in living that we forget the purpose of living. We get so
involved in pursuing the things money can buy that we forget about the things that
money can’t buy.
2. Pagkamaka-Tao
a. Love
‘Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. 5 It
does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of
wrongs. 6 Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. 7 It always protects,
always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.’ 1 Corinthians 13:4
‘When man has love, he is no longer at the forces of greater than himself for he,
himself becomes the powerful force.’- Leo Buscaglia
Love
Andrew Maria Almonte
While the old Gadarhin lay dying, an angel appeared to him in a dream and revealed a heavenly
secret.
“Gadarhin,” the angel told him, “The Divine Judge will ask you only one question at
your judgement. If you fail to answer it rightly, you’ll risk losing your salvation.”
“What is the question?”
“That’s for you to find out,” answered the angel and the left the bewildered Gadarhin.
Immediately, upon waking up from the dream, Gadarhin surprised his acquaintances
when he asked for theological and philosophical books.
Wanting to gain additional knowledge, he spent each day studying he books. He
thought this was the best preparation to answer God’s questions at his judgement.
Finally, Gadarhin died and immediately and angel took his soul before the Throne of
God. Trembling before the Divine Judge, he heard the question:
“How much how you loved me and your fellowmen?”
Moral: In the end, Love is all that matters.
b. Freedom
‘You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to
indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love.’- Galatians 5:13
‘Freedom consists not in doing what we like, but in having the right what we ought to do’-
Pope John Paul II
Bird in the Hand
One day a boy was walking at the park and found a bird lying on the ground. He
picked up the bird and went to an old man sitting peacefully under the shade of tree.
Hoping to trick the old man and display his youthful “wisdom”, he approached him
held pout his clenched fists and asked, “old man, old man, tell me: is the bird in my hand
dead or alive?”
The old man thoughtfully looked at him and answered, “Little boy, if I tell you that
the bird in your hand is alive, you can easily crush the bird and say that it is dead; but if I tell
you that the bird in your hand is dead, you can easily open your hand, set the bird free and
say that is alive. Therefore, little boy, the answer to your question is in your hands.”
Moral: God gave us our lives. He also gave us freedom to choose what we want to
make of them. Indeed, the answer to all our dreams is in our hands. We have the power
to make them happen… but only if we choose to.
c. Peace
‘Glory to God in the highest heaven, and on earth peace to those on whom his favor
rests.’ - Luke 2:14
‘Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of
peace must be constructed.’- UNESCO Constitution
Peace
Juanito was an idealistic person. He wanted everybody to be happy and lead
meaningful lives. So one day, he strode to church and prayed hard for World Peace. He
continued praying for the same intention for a year yet nothing seemed to change.
One day, he decided to narrow down his scope and pray for peace in his own country
instead. He prayed for the same intention for another year yet violence and disturbance still
seemed to be in an upsurge.
Anxious for his prayer to be finally heard he decide to pray for peace within his
family instead. He kept this intention for another year with no significant result.
Finally, on the verge of frustration he decided to pray for peace within himself. He
prayed for this intention for the next year. Each time he did so, he felt more at peace with
himself and his personal issues, his family, his neighbors until it reached a point in time that
Juanito was considered a man of peace, a friend of everybody especially of the neediest
among his countrymen.
Moral: Let there be peace on earth…and let it begin with me.

d. Truth
“If you hold to my teaching, you are really my disciples. Then you will know the truth,
and the truth will set you free.”-John 8:31-32
‘The truth can be hidden for a time, but it cannot be overcome.’- St. Augustine
The Truth about Lies (2004)
Lies are said in the place of truth…
Why not prefer to tell the truth than settle for a lie?
There are no half-truths or white lies…

It’s either you say the truth or tell a lie!
A million lies cannot make up a single truth…

You can never transform a lie into truth.
It’s easier to tell the truth than tell a lie…

With the truth, you merely have to state the facts:
With lies, you’d have to cook up a thousand alibis.
You’ll know when your lies have caught up with you…

When you begin to believe in them as being the truth.
In the end, we find but a single truth about lies:

That there is No Truth and No Good in Lies
e. Justice
‘Treat others the way you want to have them treat you.’- Matthew 7:12
‘Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.’- Martin Luther King Jr.
To Every Man His Due
Institute for Development Education Center for Research and Communication (2004)
There was once a poor farmer who would come to town everyday in order to supply a
baker with homemade bibingka. In exchange for five pounds of bibingka, the baker would
give the farmer five pounds of bread for his family.
One day, the baker decided to weigh the bibingka. He discovered that the bibingka
was one pound short. This made the baker very angry, and he accused the farmer of having
cheated him.
But the farmer very calmly declared, “You see sir, I am very poor and have no
weights at home. So I take the five pounds of bread you give me and use it as a standard. In
this way, I can be sure of giving you an equal amount of bibingka.”
Moral: Justice is giving every man his due.

3. Pagkamaka-Bayan
a. Unity
‘If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. If a house is
divided against itself, that house cannot stand.’-Mark 3:24-25
‘Remember upon the conduct of each depends the fate of all.’- Alexander the Great
How the Tenants Solved Their Problem
Fr. Ben San Luis
Once there was six tenants sharing an apartment. Their living conditions were most
inadequate. The weather in that city was very cold and their apartment had no heater.
Running water was rationed, and there was no electricity because the landlord hadn’t
had the wires repaired. The tenants were in conflict. They quarrelled because they were all
worried about their condition and personal problems.
Then one of them decoded to do something about the situation. There were some
things she could not do much about. For instance, she couldn’t change the building… the
weather… the water shortage in the neighbourhood. But instead of focusing her attention on
the problems, she looked for solutions.
Later they agreed to present a joint complaint to the landlord that the electric wiring
be repaired and heating facilities possibly provided. These were gradually effected.
Indeed, they did not have the power to change everything but by changing the
relationship among themselves and putting aside their individual interests and squabbling,
they were able to solve their problems and live more humane lives.
Moral: We too can change our society and overcome seemingly insurmountable
problems if we eradicate our selfishness and build peaceful; relationships.
b. The Value of Equality

‘Then God said, “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness’-Genesis 1:26
‘Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the
time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.’
- Martin Luther King Jr.
Skulls
Andrew Maria Almonte (2004)
One day, a group of skulls in the cemetery had a conversation. “Hey,” said a skull to
another, “who were you when you were alive?” “I was a king,” answered the skull with an air
of pride.
“Yes, I was once his slave,” replied another skull. “He was a tyrant, a ruthless, merciless
king!”
“How dare you speak about me like that!” countered the king-skull. “I am your king,
remember?”
“Shut-up!” shouted the slave-skull. “You are no longer my king nor am I your slave
anymore! We are the same now-rotten skulls!”
Moral: Each man may differ in worldly stature, but each one bears the same
amount of dignity as another and all share one common destiny.
c. Respect for Law and Government

‘Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except
that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God.
Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has
instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. For rulers hold no terror
for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the
one in authority? Then do what is right and you will be commended.’- Romans 13:1-3
‘Where law ends, there tyranny begins.’- William Pitt
The Boss Explains ‘Clearly’
Fr. Bel San Luis
A company employing several thousand people was attempting to institute a pension
plan. But the plan could not be implemented without one hundred participation.
Every employee signed up except, one man. May efforts were made to win over, but
the man kept on resisting. Finally the President of the company called the man into his office.
“Here is a copy of the proposed pension plan and here is a pen,” he said. “Sign up or
you’re fired.” Whereupon, the man immediately picked up the pen and signed the name.
The President of the company said, “I don’t understand why you refused to sign until
now. What was your problem?”
To which the man replied, “Sir, you’re the first person who explained it to me clearly.”
Moral: Every person must learn and understand the laws of the land, the role of
our leaders and his own duties and responsibilities that he may act accordingly as a
good citizen.
d. Patriotism
‘For whoever wants to save their life will lose it, but whoever loses their life for me
and for
the gospel will save it.’-Mark 8:35
‘The Filipino is worth dying for.’- Sen. Benigno Aquino, Jr.
Anecdotes of the Great That Help Build a Better Life
Compiled by J. Maurus
As a young girl, Princess Juliana watched parade from her palace balcony in ‘The
Hangue’. “Do all these people belong to me?” she asked her mother. “No, indeed, child,”
replied Queen Wilhelmina, “we belong to all those people.”
Moral: Power and prestige do not set us apart from other people. Rather, they
bring us closer to them as they put us in a better position to help others in need.
e. Promotion of the Common Good

‘All the believers were together and had everything in common. They sold property and
possessions to give to anyone who had need.’- Acts 2:44-45
‘ Common good is ‘substantial and extremely fertile estate’, no crowding or
diminishment as it shared with others.’- St. Augustine
A Chinese Legend
Benigno P. Beltran (2004)
Once upon a time, in the western Kingdom, lay a beautiful garden. And there, in the cool of
the day was the Master of the garden want to walk. Of all the denizens of the garden, the
most beloved was a gracious and noble bamboo. Year after year, Bamboo grew yet more
noble and gracious, conscious of his master’s love and watchful delight, but modest and more
gentle withal. And often, when the wind revel to the garden, Bamboo could cast aside his
grave stateliness, to dance and play right merrily, tossing and swaying, leaping and bowing in
joyous abandon, leading the Great Dance of the Garden which most delighted the Master’s
heart.
One day, the Master himself drew near to contemplate his Bamboo with eyes of
curious expectancy. And Bamboo, in a passion of adoration, bowed his great head to the
ground in loving greeting. The Master spoke: “Bamboo, Bamboo, I would use thee.” Bamboo
flung his head to the sky in utter delight. The day of days had come, the day for which he had
been made, the day for which he had been growing hour by hour, this day in which he would
find his completion and his destiny. His voice came low: “Master, I am ready. Use me as thou
wilt.”
“Bamboo”- the Master’s voice was grave- “I would fain take thee and cut thee down!”
A trembling of great horror shook Bamboo.
“Cut… me… down! Me… who, Master, has made the most beautiful in thy entire garden…
to cut me down! Ah, not that, not that. Use me for thy joy, O Master, but cut me not down.”
“Beloved Bamboo” – the Master’s voice grew graver still – “If I cut thee not down, I
cannot use thee.” The garden grew still. Wind held his breath. Bamboo slowly bent his proud
and glorious head. There came a whisper: “Master, if thou cannot use me if though cut me
not down… then… do thy will and cut.
“Bamboo, beloved Bamboo, I would… cut thy leaves and branches from thee also.”
Master, Master, spare me. Cut me down and lay my beauty in the dust; but wouldst though
take from me my leaves and branches also?”
“Bamboo, alas, if I cut them not away, I cannot use thee.” The sun hid his face. A
listening butterfly glided fearfully away. And Bamboo shivered in terrible expectancy,
whispering low: “Master, cut away.”
“Bamboo, Bamboo, I would yet… cleave thee in twain and cut thine heart, for if I cut
not so, I cannot use thee.” Then Bamboo bowed to the ground. “Master, Master… then cut
and cleave.” So the Master of the garden took Bamboo and cut him down and hacked off his
branches and stripped off his leaves and cleaved him in twain and cut out his heart. And
lifting him gently carried him to where there was a spring of fresh, sparkling water in the
midst of his dry field. Then putting one end of broken bamboo in the spring, and the other
end into the water channel in his field, the Master laid down gently his beloved Bamboo. And
the spring sang welcome and the clear, sparkling waters raced joyously own the channel of
Bamboo’s torn body into the waiting fields. Then the rice was planted, and the days went by,
and the shoots grew and the harvest came.
In that day was Bamboo, once glorious in his stately beauty, yet more glorious in his
brokenness and humility. For in his beauty he was life abundant, but in his brokenness he
became a channel of abundant life to his Master’s world.
Moral: The real heroes among us are those who live their lives daily in genuine
concern for the welfare of the others.
4. Pagkamaka-Kalikasan
‘Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the
fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals,[a] and
over all the creatures that move along the ground.’- Genesis 1:26
‘For 200 years we’ve been conquering Nature. Now we’re beating it to death.’- Tom
McMillan
The Value of Concern for the Environment
The Giving Tree
By Fr. Benigno P. Beltran (2004)
Once there was a tree… and she loved a little boy. Everyday, the boy would gather
leaves, make them into a crown and play king of the forest. The boy would also play hide and
seek, climb her branches and eat her mangoes. At the end of the day, when he is tired, the boy
would sleep in her shade. And the boy loved the tree… very much… and the tree was very
happy.
But time went on… and the boy grew older. And the tree was often alone. One day
the boy went to the tree who said: “Come boy, come and climb up my trunk, swing from my
branches, eat my mangoes, play in the shade and be happy.” “I am too big to climb and play
and I don’t have money,” said the boy. “If only I can have some money.” “I am sorry,” said
the tree, “but I don’t have money. Go take my mangoes, boy, and sell them to the market.
That way, you will have enough money and you will be happy.” And so the boy gathered all
her mangoes and carried them away. And the tree was happy.
But the boy stayed away for a long time… then one day, the boy came back to the tree
who shook with joy and said: “Come boy and climb up my trunk, swing from my branches,
eat my mangoes, play in the shade and be happy.” “I am too busy to climb trees.” said the
boy. “I want a house to keep me warm.” “I want a wife and children so I need a house. Can
you give me a house?” “I have no house,” said the tree, “the forest is my house, but you may
cut-off my branches and build a house. And so the boy cut-off her branches and carried them
away to build his house. And the tree was happy.
But the boy stayed away for a long time… then one day the boy came back and the
tree was happy that she could speak. “Come, boy,” she whispered, “come and play.” “I am
too old to play.” said the boy. “I want a boat that would take me away from her. Can you give
me a boat?” “Cut down my trunk and make a boat,” said the tree. “Then you can sail away.
And the tree was happy… but not really.
And after a time, the boy came back again. “I am sorry boy,” said the tree. “But I have
nothing left to give you – my mangoes are gone.” “My teeth are too weak for mangoes,” said
the boy. “My branches are gone,” said the tree. “You cannot swing on them.” “I am too old to
swing on branches,” said the boy. “My trunk is gone,” said the tree. “You cannot climb.” “I
am too tired to climb,” said the boy. “I am sorry,” sighed the tree. “I wish I could give you
something… but I have nothing left. I am just an old stump. I am sorry.” “I don‟t need very
much now.” said the boy, “Just a quiet place to sit and rest. I am very tired.” “Well,” said the
tree, straightening herself up as much as she could, and “well, an old stump is good for sitting
and resting. Come, boy, sit down and rest.” And the boy did and the tree was happy.
Moral: Mother Nature is an all-giving mother. While she gives fully, man abuses
her relentlessly. It is time that we care for our ailing Mother Nature so that she will
regain her beauty and strength once again, enabling her to share her life and abundance
with us.
WORKSHEET 5
Name: Date:

1. What are the Filipino values? Give a brief explanation of each value. (50 points)
2. What is the difference between patriotism and nationalism (20 points)
3. As a youth, how can you show your patriotism to your country? (30 points)
LESSON 6- VOTER CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
Objectives
1. Discuss the importance of election,
2. Define Suffrage;
3. Identify the role of citizens to vote; and
4. Understand Absentee Voter Law.
1. The Right of Suffrage

The human right to vote is embodied in three instruments: Universal Declaration
of Human Rights (UHDR); the International Covenant and Political Rights; and in the
1987 Philippine Constitution. The Philippines is govern by these three documents
which similarly mandate universality of the right; equality in access to public service;
and secrecy of votes.
Article 21 (1-3) of the Article (a-b) of

Universal Declaration of International Article V, Sec. 1-2 of the
Human Rights Covenant on Civil Rights, 1987 Constitution
(December 10,1948) (March 1976)
1. Everyone has the Every citizen shall have the 1. Suffrage may be
right to take part in the right and the opportunity, exercised by all citizens of
government of his country, without any of the the Philippines not
directly or through freely distinctions mentioned in otherwise disqualifies by
chosen representatives. article 2 and without law.
2. Everyone has the unreasonable restrictions; 2. The congress shall
right to equal access in his (a) To take part in the provide a system for
country. conduct of public affairs, securing the secrecy and
3. The will of the directly or through freely sanctity of ballot as well as
people shall be the basis of chosen representatives; a system of absentee voting
the authority of the (b) To vote and to be by qualified Filipinos
government; this will be elected at genuine periodic abroad. The Congress shall
expressed in periodic and elections which shall be by also design a procedure for
genuine elections, which universal and equal the disabled and the
shall be by universal and suffrage and shall be held illiterates to vote without
equal suffrage and shall be by secret ballot the assistance of other
held by secret vote or by guaranteeing the free persons. Until then, they
equivalent free voting expression of the will of shall be allowed to vote
procedures. the electors; under such existing laws
and such rules as the
Commission on elections
may promulgate to protect
the secrecy of the ballot.
The people’s right to suffrage is the foundation of the electoral process. If people are
not allowed to vote freely, then the whole process of elections becomes absurd and
superfluous.
Suffrage: “The right to vote, or the exercising of that right.”-Andrew

Heywood; Politics (Second Edition); p. 432
The right to suffrage, as a human right, is related to the concept of democracy and
people’s sovereignty. Sovereignty is often defined as the principle of absolute and unlimited
power. Under the democratic 1987 Constitution, it is the people alone who can exercise
sovereignty. They can therefore make decisions that are binding on all individual citizens,
groups and institutions-including the selection of leaders who will run the government.
Article ii, Sec. 1 of the Philippine Constitution: “The Philippines is a democratic and
republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates
from them.
Qualifications and Disqualifications of a Voter
All citizens of the Philippines, eighteen of age or over, and residents of the
Philippines for one year and for at least six months in the city or municipality wherein he/she
proposes to vote immediately preceding the election are qualified to vote.
The following shall be disqualified from Voting:
a. Any person who has been sentenced by final judgment to suffer imprisonment for not
less than one year. However, he/she may reacquire the right to vote upon expiration of
five years after service of sentence.
b. Any person who has been adjudged by final judgment by competent court tribunal of
having committed any crime involving disloyalty to the duly constituted government
such as rebellion, sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and firearms laws, or any
crime against national security, unless restored to his/her full civil and political rights
in accordance with law: Provided, that he/she shall regain his right to vote
automatically upon expiration of five years after service of sentence.
In addition, R.A. 9189 or the Overseas Absentee Voting Law entitles all Filipino citizens
overseas, not otherwise disqualified by law, and immigrants and permanent residents with
affidavit of intent to resume residence in the Philippines, to vote for elective positions on the
national level: President; Vice-President; Senators; and Party-List Representatives.
WORKSHEET 6
Name: Date:

Instructions: Answer the following items..

1. Write a reaction about the importance of election in relation to the pandemic situation;
2. What is Suffrage?
3. What are the civil rights of the citizen under the International Covenant?
4. Explain Absentee Voter Law.
5. Write a reaction about the importance of election in relation to the pandemic situation.
MODULE II
DRUG, ALCOHOLISM AND SMOKING
EDUCATION
Objectives:
At the end of this module, the students should be able to:
1. Explains the importance of Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2202 to the youth;
2. Discuss the liability of a person violating any regulation issued by the Board;
3. Discuss the need for the participation of the family, students, teachers and school
authorities in the enforcement of this Act;
4. Explains the need for compulsory confinement of a drug dependent.
Introduction
What is a drug?
A drug is any substance that brings physical, psychological, emotional and behavioral
changes when used.
What is drug abuse?

Clinically known as substance use disorder, drug abuse or addiction is caused by the
habitual taking of addictive substances. Drugs include alcohol, marijuana, hallucinogens and
opioids. Substance use disorder is a disease, causing people to compulsively use drugs
despite consequences.
The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act Of 2002

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or Republic Act 9165 is an act that
supersedes R.A. 6425 or the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972. This amended law practices a
more intensive approach against drug abuse, trafficking and enforcement. It also gives
emphasis on the role of the educational system in information dissemination and prevention
campaign. It re-evaluates the procedures, policies and programs concerning drug abuse. It
highlights the importance of rehabilitation and reintegration of rehabilitated individuals to
society.
These are some of the important provisions in the Republic Act 9165 also known as the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
Unlawful Acts and Penalties
SEC. 5 – sale, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution and transportation
of dangerous drugs.
SEC. 6 – maintenance of den, dive or resort
SEC. 11 –possession of dangerous drugs
SEC. 15 -use of dangerous drugs
SEC. 19 -unlawful prescription of dangerous drugs
Dangerous Drugs Test and Record Requirements
SEC. 36 - Authorized Drug Testing
Participation of the Family, Students, Teachers And School Authorities in the

Enforcement of the Act
SEC. 46 - Special Drug Education Center
Program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Dependents
SEC. 54- voluntary submission of a drug dependent to confinement, treatment and
rehabilitation
SEC. 60 - confidentiality of records under the voluntary submission program
SEC. 61 - compulsory confinement of a drug dependent who refuses to apply under the
voluntary submission program
The Dangerous Drugs Board Resolutions and Regulations

The DDB plays a significant role in realizing the objectives of a drug-free Philippines.
It has continually carried on its mandate as it adopts a comprehensive, integrated, unified and
balanced national strategy to address the drug problem.
The RA No. 6425 created the DDB to serve as the focal agency for all drug-related
matters. The law envisaged the DDB to be the policy-making body and the primary
coordinating agency on law enforcement, regulation, preventive education, treatment and
rehabilitation, research and other issues related to drug prevention and control. The DDB was
originally placed under the supervision of the Office of the President. In 1975, it became an
attached agency of the Department of Health. Thereafter, pursuant to Memorandum Order
No. 406 issued in 1996, the chairmanship of the Board was given to the Department of
Justice. Enforcement of penal provisions was then the responsibility of the Philippine
Constabulary (later the Philippine National Police) and the National Bureau of Investigation
(NBI).
In response to the growing trend on drug use worldwide, the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (RA No. 9165) was enacted on July 4, 2002. The new law
strengthened RA No. 6425 and upheld the need to have a centralized policy-making body on
drug prevention and control through the DDB.
While RA No. 9165 is unyielding on anti-drug operations, it also mandates the
government to strike a balance in the national drug control program so that individuals with
legitimate medical needs are not prevented from having access to medications which involve
the use of dangerous drugs and/or controlled substances. Moreover, the law highlights the
program of treatment and rehabilitation which shall reintegrate into society individuals who
have fallen victims to drug dependence.
The inclusion of other government and private agencies and entities as members of
the DDB shows the holistic approach that the government has since adopted in the crusade
against drugs. The Board has recognized that the development and dissemination of drug
prevention programs and activities have increasingly become essential in dealing with this
problem as these measures take the people away from the lure of dangerous drugs and
other addictive
substances. Regional and international cooperation is also vital as it allows the Board and its
law enforcement arms to determine best practices in regulation, interdiction and preventive
education programs, and enhance intelligence-gathering and sharing processes.
Importance of Drug Education to the Youth

Helping children and youth comprehend the impacts and repercussions of drug abuse
and addiction through school-based medication instruction is significant. This helps
youngsters and teenagers from framing negative methods for dealing with stress through
substance abuse. The importance and significance of youth support in drug prevention
programs are various and diverse.
a. Virtues and character are developed. Youth interest expands upon virtues, which
builds respect, solidarity and participation. Youth welcome the essentialness of cooperating
with one another as well as with the community. They feel enabled to address what is
happening around them, and they gain trust in themselves when they have support and
consolation from one another. The majority of all, they figure out how to become dependable
and submitted people who understand the significance of coordinated effort so as to
accomplish a shared objective.
b. A foundation for a good adult life. In the event that young people are not allowed
the chance to share, they will keep on growing up without comprehending what is happening.
Youth who are not engaged with activities concerning them, during the phase in life when
they are generally influenced, will possibly see life as more troublesome when they arrive at
adulthood. Keeping youth uninformed, and from having the option to contribute, will just
advance future issues that could have been avoided. Youth interest, however, ensures their
resilience by letting them figure out how to deal with their life and the circumstances and
difficulties in which they get themselves.
c. A direct reflection of what youth want and need. At this point, it is clear that youth
have the most to say. They comprehend that drug prevention is a critical issue confronting
many youth today. Youth are incredible sources of information. They understand the
significance of drug prevention since it is better to help youth avoid from drugs rather than
try to stop them after addiction. Taking into account the way that youngsters generally have
been the beneficiaries of drug prevention ideals, clearly they can perceive which drug
prevention techniques are powerful and which ones neglect to catch their attention. In most of
cases, youth will communicate their disappointment for programs that scare-tactics or provide
lackadaisical phrases, for example, ‘Drugs are bad.' They need more than just ‘Drugs are bad
' and they need verification, regardless of whether it originates from a previous drug addict
who addresses them or individuals from their peer community who presents to them the
impacts of drugs in an additionally engaging and viable manner. Thus, their trustworthiness
gives knowledge about what works best for youth and, appropriately, better prevention
programs are made.
Role of the Youth on Drug Prevention Program

Youth must have played an active role in drug prevention programs. In any case, note
that youth are not experts or specialists on drugs. They need understanding and information
in the academic sense. Here are some ways the youth can step up in this endeavor:
1. Understand. Know the concept and reality of drug abuse. Having a grasp of the
addiction can help in avoiding it and watching out for others.
2. Listen. Open yourself up in the knowledge of the experts and experiences of others
that have undergone the abuse. Hear the stories and get their lessons to heart.
3. Share. Share your knowledge and network in aiding others towards being informed
and recognizing their role in drug prevention.
4. Encourage. Give your peers and family members a good push in the right direction
whether its prevention or rehabilitation.
5. Support. Take part in activities beneficial in the drug abuse prevention initiative. Add
your presence to the growing force tackling this issue.
6. Organize. Great minds think alike. Having a mutual goal, it is more purposeful to
combine efforts and sources to create a bigger impact about the concern.
7. Inform. Approached appropriate government agencies regarding incidents and cases
of drug abuse
Most Commonly Abused Drugs in the Philippines
a. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (locally known as Shabu)
Shabu is the most popular and commonly abused drugs in the country today. This
stimulant is believed to be the drug choice of 90% drug users in the Philippines. We often see
and hear about this in the news. A powerfully addictive drug, causing people to become
extremely paranoid and have intense hallucinations, this drug has grown into a 1 billion-a-day
industry in the country. The country was also dubbed as the "smuggler's paradise".
b. Cannabis Sativa (Marijuana)
This drug impairs a person's ability to form new memories and to shift focus. Getting
high or "stoned" is the reason most pot smokers use marijuana. Many experts also believe
that heavy pot smokers are at increased risk for lung cancer. Kalinga province in Cordilleras
is emerging as one of the country's top Marijuana "hotspot". It is considered illegal here,
though.
c. Alcohol
This is perhaps the most common drug in the Philippines aside from
Methamphetamine. Alcoholism is another problem that needs to be addressed. It may not be
illegal, but the effects of Alcohol on people are almost the same as illegal drugs.
Approximately 2.5 million people die annually due to excessive alcohol use (as of 2011). The
Filipinos are also the heaviest beer drinkers in South East Asia.
d. Inhalants
Inhalants refer to substances that can be turned into chemical vapor to be inhaled. It
could be a cheap way for people to get high. Examples of these are: Inhalants could be a
cheap way for people to get high. Examples of these are: Nitrites, gasoline, aerosols, nitrous
oxide, solvents, and rugby. Rugby is probably the most common in the Philippines.
Negative Effects of Dangerous Drugs, Alcohol and Smoking

 A weakened immune system, increasing the risk of illness and infection
 Heart conditions ranging from abnormal heart rates to heart attacks and collapsed
veins and blood vessel infections from injected drugs
 Nausea and abdominal pain, which can also lead to changes in appetite and weight loss
 Increased strain on the liver, which puts the person at risk of significant liver damage
or liver failure
 Seizures, stroke, mental confusion and brain damage
 Lung disease
 Problems with memory, attention and decision-making, which make daily living more
difficult
 Global effects of drugs on the body, such as breast development in men and increases
in body temperature, which can lead to other health problems
WORKSHEET 7
Name: Date:


1. Describe and analyse the drug problem in our country. (30 points)
2. Explicate on the laws that relate to the prevention and control of illicit drugs. (20 points)
3. What are the commonly abused drugs in the Philippines? (10 points)
4. Give at least five (5) example of how to avoid drug abused. (20 points)
5. In your own words, what is the importance of drug education to the youth? (10 points)
MODULE III
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, AWARENESS AND
MANAGEMENT
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students should do the following:
1. Describe the Geographic Profile of the Philippines;
2. Identify the Philippine Disasters;
3. Explain the Philippine Disaster Reduction and Management Act (RA 10121), and
4. Discuss the role of youth ns Disaster Preparedness.
Introduction
The Philippines is situated in the circumpacific belt of fire and tropical storm. This
being thus, the nation has consistently been exposed to natural disaster and catastrophes
whenever of the year. In whatever piece of the nation, we have been encountering yearly
regular disasters – floods, typhoons, tornadoes, seismic tremors, drought, tsunamis and
volcanic emissions which have carried perpetual agonies to our kin, loss of lives and
properties.
In the mid-seventies and eighties, solid hurricanes and heavy rains carried demolition
to Manila and huge zones of focal Luzon. The 1990 executioner seismic tremor that hit a few
Luzon regions just as Metro Manila and the impacts of the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo ejection had
put the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) in the cutting edge.
To upgrade the individuals' readiness and guarantee accuracy and immediacy in
reacting to crises or calamities, the NDCC, along with the concerned offices direct ordinary
preparation activities and bores at all levels with the interest of the private offices concerned
and the non-government association.
NSTP and Disaster Awareness, Preparedness and Management

In implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, the NSTP shall be
guided with reference from:
Republic Act 9163
Section 11. The creation of the National Service Reserve Corps – There is hereby
created a National Service Reserve Corps, to be composed of the graduates of the non-ROTC
components. Members of this corps may be tapped by the state for literacy and civic welfare
activities through the joint effort of the DND, CHED, and TESDA.
Republic Act 10121
Section 13. Accreditation, Mobilization and Protection of Disaster Volunteers and
National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the Private Sector. – The government agencies,
CSOs, private sector and LGUs may mobilize individuals or organized volunteers to augment
their respective personnel complement and logistical requirements in the delivery of disaster
risk reduction program and activities. The agencies, CSOs, private sector and LGUs
concerned
shall take full responsibility for the enhancement, welfare and protection of volunteers, and
shall submit the lists of volunteers to the OCD, through the LDRRMOs for accreditation and
conclusion in the database of community disaster volunteers.
A national roster of ACDVs, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private
sector shall be maintained by the OCD through the LDRRMOs. Accreditation shall be done
at the municipal level.
Mobilization of volunteers shall be in accordance with the guidelines to be
formulated by the NDRRMC consistent with the provisions of this Act. Any volunteer who
incurs death or injury while engaged in any of the activities defined under this Act shall be
entitled to compensatory benefits and individual personnel accident insurance as may be
defined under the guidelines.
The Disaster Equation and the Disaster Management Concept

Disaster is characterized by several elements namely hazards, risk, people or
community and vulnerability. Hazards (H) or the physical impact of the disturbance, either
man-made or natural, is heightened by the amount of risk (R) to the people and the
community. Moreover, the degree of the vulnerability (V) of all the involved further fuels the
magnitude of a disaster. This is presented in the Disaster Equation as shown below:
H x R + V = DISASTERS
The concept of disaster risk management accepts that some hazard events may occur but tries
to lessen the impact by improving the community’s ability to absorb the impact with
minimum damage or destruction
The following are risk management measures:
 Engineering measures (keep hazard away from people)
 Land use planning and management measures (keep people away from hazard)
 Control and protection works (modifying the hazard)
 Early warning (predicting hazard)
 Preparedness planning (prepare in anticipation of a hazard event)
 Reconstruction planning after a disaster with the aim of reducing the vulnerability
 Mainstreaming risk management in development practice and institutionalization
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

The Philippines’ National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP)
is a road map on how DRRM shall contribute to gender-responsive and rights-based
sustainable development. It shall promote inclusive growth, build the adaptive capacities of
communities, increase the resilience of vulnerable sectors, and optimize disaster mitigation
opportunities with the end in view of promoting people’s welfare and security.
Four NDRRMP Thematic Areas
1. Disaster Prevention And Mitigation
a. Disaster Prevention- the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards
and related disasters. It expresses the concept and intention to completely
avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as
construction of dams or embankments that eliminate flood risk, land-use
regulations that do not permit any settlement in high-risk zone and seismic
engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building
in any likely earthquake.
b. Disaster Mitigation – the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of
hazards and related disasters. Mitigation measures encompass engineering
techniques and hazard-resilient construction as well as improved
environmental policies and public awareness.
2. Disaster Preparedness- the knowledge and capacities developed by governments,
professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to
effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or
current hazard events or conditions. Preparedness action is carried out within the
context of DRRM and aims to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all
types of emergencies achieve orderly transitions from response to sustained recovery.
Preparedness is based on a sound analysis of DRR and good linkages with early
warning systems and includes such activities as contingency planning, stockpiling of
equipment and supplies, the development of arrangements for coordination,
evacuation and public information and associated training and field exercises. These
must be supported by formal, institutional, legal and budgetary capacities.
3. Disaster Response – the provision of emergency services and public assistance
during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce negative health
impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people
affected. Disaster response of predominantly focused on immediate and short-term
needs and is sometimes called “disaster relief”.
4. Disaster Rehabilitation and Recover
a. Rehabilitation – measures that ensure the ability of affected communities
and/or areas to restore their normal level of functioning by rebuilding
livelihood
and damaged infrastructure and increasing the communities’ organizational
capacity.
b. Post Disaster Recovery – the restoration and improvement where
appropriate, of facilities, livelihood and living conditions of disaster-affected
communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors, in accordance
with the principle of “build back better”.
5. Geographic Profile of the Philippines
6. Location: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South
China
7. Sea, east of Vietnam
8. Climate: Tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest
monsoon
9. (May to October)
10. Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
11. Population Distribution: Population concentrated where good farmlands lie; highest
concentrations are northwest and south-central Luzon, the southeastern extension of
Luzon, and the islands of the Visayan Sea, particularly Cebu and Negros; Manila is
home to one eighth of the entire national population.
12. Natural Hazards: Astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to
six cyclone storms each year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes;
tsunamis
13. Volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Taal (311 m), which has shown recent
unrest and may erupt in the near future, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the
International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior,
worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human
populations; Mayon (2,462 m), the country’s most active volcano, erupted in 2009
forcing over 33,000 to be evacuated; other historically active volcanoes include
Biliran, Babuyan Claro, Bulusan, Camiguin, Camiguin de Babuyanes, Didicas, Iraya,
Jolo, Kanlaon, Makaturing, Musuan, Parker, Pinatubo and Ragang
14. Current Environmental Issues: uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed
areas; illegal mining and logging; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban
centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that
are important fish breeding grounds; coastal erosion; dynamite fishing; wildlife
extinction
15. International Environmental Agreements: Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling (Signed, But Not
Ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants)
Geography Note: NOTE 1: For decades, the Philippine archipelago was reported as having
7,107 islands; in 2016, the national mapping authority reported that hundreds of new islands
had been discovered and increased the number of islands to 7,641 - though not all of the new
islands have been verified; the country is favorably located in relation to many of Southeast
Asia's main water bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and
Luzon Strait
NOTE 2: Philippines is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active
volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of
the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the
Ring of Fire
NOTE 3: The Philippines sits astride the Pacific typhoon belt and an average of 9
typhoons make landfall on the islands each year - with about 5 of these being
destructive; the country is the most exposed in the world to tropical storms
Disaster Risk Reduction in the Philippines

Philippines is an archipelago state, consisting of some 7,100 islands and islets, and
covering a land area of approximately 300,000 km2. The country comprises three groups or
large islands: (1) the Luzon group in the north and west, consisting of Luzon, Mindoro, and
Palawan, (2) the Visaya group in the centre, consisting of Bohol, Cebu, Leyte, Masbate,
Negros, Panay and Samar, and (3) Mindanao in the South. Manila and nearby Quezon City,
the country’s most-populous cities, are part of the National Capital Region (NRC or Metro
Manila), located on the largest island Luzon (Cullinane, 2019).
The islands and groups are divided into four main classes of administrative divisions,
which consist of 17 autonomous regions, 81 provinces, 1,489 municipalities, and the smallest
political units, 42,044 Barangays as of 2018 (PSA, 2018).The Philippines is governed by a
presidential form, in which power is divided among three juridical branches; executive,
legislative and judicial, which seek democracy and balance by carrying their equally
weighted duties to uphold law, rights and representation of the interests of the people (GoP,
2019).
In terms of disaster risk, Philippines ranked third among all of the countries with the
highest risks worldwide according to the World Risk Report 2018, with index value of
25.14% (World Economic Forum, 2018). At least 60% of the country’s total land area is
exposed to multiple hazards, and 74% of the population is susceptible to their impact
(GFDRR, 2017). This is largely due to the location and geographical context as the risk
involving coastal hazards such as typhoons, storm surges and rising sea levels is high. Also,
as the islands are located within the “Ring of Fire” between the Eurasian and Pacific tectonic
plates, earthquakes and volcanoes are posing serious risks to the safety of the populace.
Flooding, landslides, droughts and tsunamis further contribute to the exposure to natural
hazards (CFE-DM, 2018). Of these, hydro-meteorological events including typhoons and
floods, accounted for over 80% of the natural disasters in the country during the last half-
century (Jha, 2018).
Given the local ecologies, agriculture, mining, forestry, fishing and services are major
sources of people’s livelihoods. In 2019, employment rate was reported at 94.8 % (PSA,
2019), and out of the three key sectors of employment (industry, agriculture and services),
workers in service providing comprised the largest proportion of the employed population
(PSA, 2018)
Youth’s Contribution in Disaster Management
All able-bodied young citizen of the land should get themselves involved in civic
actions in the community where she/he lives and should be ready to render assistance
anywhere and anytime their service are needed. More than anything else, it is everybody’s
moral obligation to assist her/his countrymen in distress.
In times of natural calamities or manmade disorders, the youth should be willing and
ready to render direct assistance to calamity victims in any of the following areas:
 Sorting, loading and distribution of relief goods.
 Administering first aid treatment on victims
 Comforting and assisting in their rehabilitation
 Disseminating information to concerned individual
 Surveying of affected families and areas
 Monitoring and liaising work
 Civic action activities like environmental and ecological protection, river and
watershed control projects and tree planting/forest fire control
Likewise, the concerned youth development agencies should establish coordination
and linkages to be set up before, during and after every disaster. The leadership in the youth
development agencies in order to succeed in their chosen endeavor should:
a. Plan the chosen activities ahead before any calamity strikes. Join or participate in
training exercise on disaster and relief operations.
b. See to it that the resources that are available could meet the needs of chosen activities.
c. Coordinate all activities properly with the City, Provincial and Municipal Disaster
Coordinator Councils.
d. Organize the groups. Assign the members’ responsibilities which they feel they can
properly handle. Confidence in what is one is doing is the key to success.
e. Work as a team. Coordinate efforts with other organizations. (NGO, PO, LGU or
religious organizations)
Basic Disaster Preparedness and Response Survival Training

The Philippine Red Cross relies on volunteers to the help prevent and alleviate human
suffering in the face of emergencies. Volunteers make up over 90 percent of the Disaster
workforce and make it possible to respond to nearly 70,000 disasters every year, most of
them home and apartment fires. Disaster volunteers also provide preparedness services and
information before disaster strikes and assist those who have experienced a disaster with their
recovery.
1. First Aid- In Encyclopedia Britannica states First Aid as “measures to be taken
immediately after accident not with an idea to cure but in order to prevent further
harm being done”. It uses the available human and material resources at the site of
accident to provide initial care to the victim of injury or sudden illness until more
advance care is provided.
A simple way to remember the aims of first aid is to think of the “Three Ps” (Preserve,
Prevent, and Promote).
a. Preserve Life – your first aim is to preserve life by carrying out emergency
first aid procedures. For example, opening a casualty’s airway or performing
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Preserving life should always be the overall aim of all first aiders.
Remember though, this includes your own life. You should never put yourself
or others in danger.
b. Prevent Deterioration – the second aim of first aid is to prevent the
casualty’s condition from deteriorating any further. For example, asking a
casualty with a broken limb to stay still and padding around the injury will
prevent the fracture from moving and causing further injury or pain. In
addition, this aim includes preventing further injuries.
You should attempt to make the area as safe as possible and removing
any dangers. If removing danger is not possible, you should attempt to remove
the patients from the patient from the danger or call for specialist for help.
c. Promote Recovery – finally, you can promote recovery by arranging prompt
emergency medical help. In addition, simple first aid can significantly affect
the long-term recovery of an injury. For example, quacking cooling a burn will
reduce the risk of long-term scarring and will encourage early healing.
2. Basic Life Support (BLS) - Basic life support (BLS) is a level of medical care which
is used to victims of life-threatening illnesses or injuries until they can be given full
medical care at a hospital. It can be provided by trained medical personnel, including
emergency medical technicians, paramedics, and by qualified bystanders.
Chain of Survival
Sequences of procedures performed to restore the circulation of oxygenated
blood after a sudden pulmonary and/or cardiac arrest. Chest compressions and
pulmonary ventilation performed by anyone who knows how to do it, anywhere,
immediately, without any other equipment
1. Approach Safely
 Scene
 Rescuer
 Victim
 Bystanders
2. Check Response
Shake shoulders gently ask “Are you all right?”.
If he responds:
 Leave as you find him.
 Find out what is wrong.
 Reassess regularly
3. Shout for Help

4. Open Airway
 Lay victim
 Head tilt and chin lift
For Non-healthcare rescuers:
 No need for finger sweep, unless solid material
can be seen in the airway
4. Check Breathing
 Look, listen and feel for NORMAL breathing
 Do not confuse agonal breathing with
NORMAL breathing
Barangay as Nucleus of Community Governance and Disaster Preparedness

The Philippines has a unique local governance system of Barangay. It has a primary
function of planning and implementing government policies, plans, programs, projects and
activities in the community. Local people are the source of knowledge about their community
so that solutions can address what is really needed and wanted.
WORKSHEET 8
Name: Date:


1. Describe the Geographic Profile of the Philippines. (20 points)
2. Identify the Philippine Disasters. (10 points)
3. What are the general effects of disasters?
Module IV
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Objectives
At the end of this module, the students should be able to:
1. Define global warming;
2. Describe global warming; Give the effects of global warming;
3. Explain what green effect is;
4. Define climate change;
5. Differentiate mitigation and adaptation;
6. Identify the 7 Principles of Environment, and
7. . Identify the different Environmental Laws.
Introduction
What is RA 9512?
Republic Act No. 9512 on National Environmental Awareness and Education Act,
2008. An Act to promote environmental awareness through environmental education and for
other purposes.
This Act provides for the promotion of environmental awareness through
environmental education which shall encompass environmental concepts and principles,
environmental laws, the state of international and local environment, local environmental best
practices, the threats of environmental degradation and its impact on human well-being, the
responsibility of the citizenry to the environment and the value of conservation, protection
and rehabilitation of natural resources and the environment.
What is the objective of RA 9512?

Consistent with the policy of the State to protect and advance the right of the people
to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature, and in
recognition of the vital role of the youth in nation building and the role of education to foster
patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation
and development, the state shall promote national awareness on the role of natural resources
in economic growth and the importance of environmental conservation and ecological
balance towards sustained national development.
Seven Principles of Environment and Environmental Laws

(Barry Commoner – Compiled by Miriam
College)
“immediate surroundings of an individual” …”is a complex system that deals with a network
of living and non-living entities”
Includes:
 Physical Components (air, water, land, energy)
 Biological Components (plants, animals)
 Socio-Economic Components (people, communities, institutions, values)
1. Everything is connected to everything else. (Ang lahat ng bagay ay

magkakaugnay.) The intricate relationships of various elements of the ecosystem bind the
components together into one functional unit. The trees in the forest are home to ferns,
orchids, birds, insects and mammals. When these plants and animals die, their products of
decomposition contribute to soil fertility. Plants provide oxygen to animals for aerobic
respiration while animals furnish carbon dioxide to plants for photosynthesis. The quality
of the soil determines the type of vegetation that exists while vegetation contributes to the
minerals of the soil when they die. The living component of the ecosystem affects and is
affected by the abiotic components, such as air, temperature, land. Inter-specific
relationships create a dependency with each other so that they both have to co-exist to live.
All these relationships provide dependencies, check and
balances that compose the details of our life-support systems.
Human interaction with nature oftentimes alters the ecosystems. The waste we
improperly dispose of brings about the deterioration of land and water quality. This may in
turn reduce their capacity to provide life for other organisms. Deforestation causes soil
erosion and the earth deposited on the water bodies covers the coral reefs resulting to fishery
loss. Suspended particulates from vehicular and stationary sources may cause lung problems
among city residents. War causes destruction of wildlife and habitats. There is a cause and
effect chain, even when it is neither always visible nor observable.
Global economic systems affect the distribution of biological goods worldwide.
Through the Galleon trade, spices reached different parts of the world. Today, oranges and
apples from China have become easily accessible to the Filipino market. Developing
countries argue that globalization promotes the introduction of species detrimental to the
recipient habitat and market.
2. All forms of life are important. (Ang lahat na may buhay ay mahalaga.)
All living organisms were created for a purpose in relation to humans, other species
on earth and global ecosystem in general. Thus, when a species becomes extinct, it is like
removing a piece of a jigsaw puzzle from the web of life. The variety of life forms,
manifested by the different levels of biological diversity – community, species and genes –
contributes to the stability of the environment. Food webs, food chains and ecological
relationships link plants and animals together in the web of life. Even bacteria, insects, snakes
and rats have ecological functions even though humans perceive them as parasites or pests.
The Philippines ranks high among the biodiversity hotspots – the richest but the most
threatened of terrestrial ecosystems in the world. The Philippines has rich flora and fauna: an
estimated 13,500 plant species, 80 amphibians, 240 reptiles, 556 birds, 174 mammals, 300
corals, 27 mangrove species. Of these, approximately 75% are endemic. Some of the
threatened species are the Philippine eagle (Pythecophaga jefferyi), Philippine crocodile
(Crocodylus mindorensis), and Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis).
The composition of biological diversity naturally changes slowly but the rate of transition has
become faster due to factors such as habitat destruction. Deforestation may diminish forest
species such as birds that are vulnerable to modification of their home. Pollution of waters
reduces the quantity of fishes, shells, algae and other aquatic life. Over harvesting of natural
products likewise contributes to the unsustainable use of food and material resources.
To maintain ecological balance, therefore, the conservation of genes, species and
ecosystems becomes essential to keep life together. Biodiversity conservation strategies
commence with the protection of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Land uses, such as
protected areas, ensure that the natural state of these habitats continue to exist in designated
areas. Community-based approaches in conservation maximize citizens’ participation in
protected areas. Integrity of natural ecosystems can likewise be guarded through the
preservation of indigenous species.
Strategies outside of the protected areas can be adopted. Cities and human settlements
can still keep trees, patches of forests and garden as home for wildlife like birds, butterflies,
and insects. Agricultural ecosystems sustain the variety of plants and animals through inter-
cropping, multi-cropping and crop rotation. Plant and animal breeding can increase the
population of commercially important species without directly harvesting from the wild. The
captive breeding of Pag-asa, the Philippine eagle, provided a solution to the diminishing
eagle population. Although it is still recommended that habitat protection must be the first
step to species protection.
3. Everything must go somewhere. (Ang lahat ng bagay ay may patutunguhan.)

By-products of consumption go back to the environment. Everything that we throw
away – pieces of paper, left-over food, peelings of fruits, plastic wrappers, used containers –
have to go somewhere. Even plants and animals have their own wastes – feces, urine, dead
leaves and branches. It is the law of nature that the by-products of metabolism return to the
soil, acted upon first by worms, bacteria and fungi, and then converted into minerals, to be
again absorbed by plants and eaten by animals. In short, they enter into a material cycle that
is an integral part of the ecosystem. But what happens if what we throw is an artificial
product such as plastic? Then natural bacteria can not recognize them and may not be capable
of breaking them apart. These non-biodegradable products must enter another material cycle
– the one that goes to the factory to be manufactured into a new product. Thus the retrieval,
collection and recycling of these materials become necessary so that they do not pollute land
and water habitats.
In our present consumer-oriented, setting up an ecological solid waste management
system becomes necessary for maximizing the use of resources. Ecological solid waste
management recommends that solid wastes be reduced, segregated, re-used and recycled.
Biodegradable materials are either to be eaten again or composted. Non-biodegradable
materials have to be segregated and collected for recycling.
Industries have their own responsibility in reducing their effluents. End-of-the-
pipeline technologies are augmented by clean technologies in raw product extraction and
manufacturing. The “polluters pay” principle adopted by governments intensifies the
campaign for clean land, water and air. Waste exchange programs by industry turn wastes of
one industry
into raw products of another. In that way, habitats for organisms are not destroyed or
deteriorate.
4. Ours is a finite earth. (Ang kalikasan ay may hangganan.)
Everything that we need is provided by nature in abundance – food, water, energy,
minerals and air. However, some resources that we depend upon nowadays are extracted
excessively but are slow to replace. These non-renewable resources experience limits of
supply. For instance, fossil fuels produced over thousands of years may be exhausted in a
hundred years. Some energy sources like water, and wood may be replaced easier but have
become inaccessible due to pollution and excessive extraction. Diminishing forest cover have
resulted from logging, ineffective reforestation and continued land conversion. However,
food scarcity and poverty may have resulted from failed distribution systems rather than
inability of the land and water bodies to yield food.
It can be argued that increasing population decreases the amount of resources
available to each person. Carrying capacity, or the ability of the ecosystem to support a
number of people, may be influenced by limit of resources due to an increasing population.
Competition increases as the carrying capacity is reached. Per capita consumption must also
be taken into account because people in Northern countries generally consume more food,
energy and resources than people in the developing Southern countries. Carrying capacity
may be addressed two ways: increase resources and reduce population growth. Agricultural
productivity for instance may be increased with better availability of water and farm inputs.
Pollution reduces the absorbing capacity of air and water. Pollution likewise reduces
the availability of land and water to produce food for human consumption. A river classified
a Class IV means that it becomes fit only for only for navigation and can no longer sustain
life forms. Likewise, oil spills from accidents or war destroy bays and rivers. Waterways that
have become cesspool of domestic wastes cannot contain fishes and shells or if they do might
transmit toxins and harmful bacteria to consumers.
Several solutions have been suggested to solve this problem: reduction of
consumption, increased use of renewable energy, emissions trading, and pollution control.
The conservation ethic and technological solutions have become viable strategies to address
finiteness of resources. Biodiversity conservation is anchored on the principle that lost
species are irreplaceable. Thus, extinct species have acquired a greater value – more effort
has to be exerted to protect and save endangered species. The conservation ethic supports the
belief that we should tread lightly on the earth by using only what we need. The philosophy
of “sapat”, meaning “enough” suggests that we should buy and consume only what we need
and leave some for the less privileged and the next generation.
5. Nature knows best. (Ang kalikasan ang mas nakakaalam.)

Nature manifests certain processes that enable it to maintain balance and remain in a
state of equilibrium. The nutrient cycling of nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and phosphorous in the
air, water and land indicates that minerals are utilized within the confines of the earth. The
flow of energy from the sun enables light to be converted into sugar in plants through
photosynthesis, and later for consumer organisms to obtain energy from plant starch. Food
chains and food webs allow transfer of energy from producers and consumers and provide
the means for all
living organisms to acquire nutrition. Population control also occurs naturally through predator
– prey relationships.
The equilibrium in the ecosystem is maintained, thus if humans intervene, unforeseen
negative impacts known as ecological backlash, may arise. Floods are often times backlashes
of excessive felling of trees. The importation of golden kuhol, that became a pest, reminds us
that biological organisms may not acclimatize in a new environment or may cause harm to
indigenous species.
The environmental ethics promote that we conform to ecological principles and stay
close to natural products and processes. We should patronize natural food and consumable
materials. Organically grown vegetables provide healthy food without the side effects that
may arise from pesticides. Ecological technology offers an option for us to choose, that which
is closest to nature. The extent to which Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) affect
health remains debatable and the formidable task of providing adequate safe food for a
growing population continues to challenge agricultural scientists and environmental managers
worldwide.
5. Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of God’s creation. (Ang kalikasan ay

maganda at tayo ang tagapangasiwa ng lahat na nilikha ng Diyos.)
Creation presupposes the existence of a Creator. The beautiful nature around us,
perfect by itself, has deteriorated due to the negative impacts of human use. This principle
suggests how a Human-Creator relationship is translated in our attitude towards creation.
Theologians explain that there are different levels of this relationship. First is a relationship
determined by dominion of humans over creation, that humans can do as they wish because
this was given by God. The book of Genesis says “have dominion over the fish of the sea and
the birds of the air…” The second level is one of stewardship, that of a caretaker where
humans are not owners but guardians of the integrity of nature. The third level promotes a
kinship relationship postulated by St. Francis de Assisi in the famous verse “Bother sun,
Sister moon”, where humans are no higher than the birds and fishs of the sea. Fourth is one of
sacrament, where nature becomes a testimony of God’s love. Fifth is a covenant relationship,
where protection of the earth is a life mission manifested in the things that we do and say.
Different religions from Islam to Buddhism to Judeo-Christian to indigenous people’s
animism express the belief of caring for the earth, including all creatures. Thus it is the goal
of environmental education and biodiversity conservation education to motivate target
audiences towards developing an eco-spirituality that moves them into a more meaningful
relationship with nature and a greater participation in the biophysical economic processes that
make this world a better place to live in.
6. Everything changes. (Ang lahat ay nagbabago.)

Changes in the biophysical world occur naturally. As they say, there is nothing more
permanent in this world than change. Consider the following examples. Metamorphosis of
caterpillars to butterflies illustrates morphological changes that occur in living forms. The
increase of vegetation on earth augmented the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere through
time. Seasons are cyclic changes that contribute to the diversity of flowers, fruits, vegetables
and other crops during the year. Random changes manifested by natural catastrophe such as
typhoons destroy forests, coral reefs and mangroves. Volcanic eruptions annihilate surface
flora and submerge rivers.
Human-induced alteration such as climate change may cause more massive repercussions.
Land use change – from forests to agricultural land to human settlements – change the
composition of vegetation and animals.
Human-induced changes can be managed so that the negative impacts are minimized
and positive changes accentuated. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) provides a tool for
the projection, planning and management of change brought about by industrialization and
human settlement expansion. Effluents can be managed through policy and pollution control
techniques by both industry and government to achieve clean air and water.
Sustainable development presents a paradigm of change for the 21st Century.
Sustainable development promotes ecological integrity, equitable sharing of resources and
people empowerment as pillars of growth. Biodiversity conservation contributes to ecological
integrity, through both in-situ and ex-situ techniques. Biodiversity conservation becomes
successful only if coupled with poverty alleviation, improving equity of access to resources
and instituting social change. Environmental education facilitates social transformation by
modifying attitudes and behavior of people towards an ecological ethic.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources is the executive department
of the Philippine government responsible for governing and supervising the exploration,
development, utilization, and conservation of the country's natural resources
The following are some of the projects and programs of the Department of
Environment and Natural Disaster (Environmental Management Bureau)
A. Chemical Information Exchange Network
CIEN is a project launched by UNEP in 2000. The project helped to establish national
and regional networks, and provided training and equipment, which aims to: eliminate
barriers to information exchange; Facilitate access to technical information on chemicals on
the internet; create synergies between national information of chemical management;.
strengthen national capacity for the environmentally sound management of chemicals and
participation in international activities and agreement.
B. Non-Com POPs Project
This Philippine Project aims to use non-combustion technology to destroy significant
obsolete PCBs wastes and help remove barriers to the further adoption and effective
implementation of the selected technology and meet the Stockholm Convention requirements
is part of a Global Programme. The immediate project objective is to deploy a commercially
available, proven non- combustion technology to address 1,500 tonnes of PCBs-containing
equipment and wastes. The currently known PCB inventories reported in the NIP of the
Stockholm Convention dated January 2006 include 6,879 tonnes of PCB containing
equipment and wastes comprising about 2,400 tonnes of PCBs oil.
C. Capacity Development Project on Water Quality Management
Project Purpose: Capabilities of EMB Central and Regional Offices to implement priority
actions mandated under the CWA IRR are strengthened.
Overall goal: Under initiatives of the WQMA Governing Board, industries, commercial
entities, LGUs, and other public organizations take necessary actions for achieving the water
quality goal established in the WQMA Action Plans.
D. Manila Bay Environmental Management Project
The Manila Bay Environmental Management Project (MBEMP) is a local component
of the Regional Programme on Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the
Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA), a UNDP-GEF funded project with the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) as the host institution in the Philippines and the
International Maritime Organization (IMO) as the executing agency. It will develop and
implement a Operational Plan for Manila Bay Coastal Strategy (OPMBCS) in partnership
with national government agencies and stakeholders both from public and private sectors.
E. ADB-Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Assistance
The TA supports the country’s response to the global call for ownership,
harmonization, alignment, results and mutual accountability under the Paris Declaration of
March 2005.
Primary Objective of the TA:
 To enhance effectiveness and efficiency of development by:
a) Encouraging rationalized and simplified procedures for better implementation of
development projects;
b) Aligning development partner activities with the Government’s planning cycle and
development agenda; and
c) Harmonizing the development Partners’ policies and procedures among themselves
and with those of the government to minimize costs and delay.
F. ICETT-GFIS
Focus of the Project: Improve the environmental management practices and energy efficiency
of industry sectors in Region III
Objectives of the Project:
 Strengthen implementation of environmental programs in the Philippines
 Improve performance of industry sector specifically on cleaner production and energy
efficiency towards CO2 reduction
 Provide Policy Recommendations.
G. Clean Development Mechanism
CDM was established under Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and is designed to provide an
incentive for developed countries to transfer greenhouse emission reduction technologies into
developing countries.
Below are some of the projects and programs of the Department of Environment and
Natural Disaster (Environmental Management Bureau- Caraga)
A. Task Force Siargao
EMB Caraga technical team joined forces with DENR Caraga of Task Force Siargao
to intensify the monitoring and assessment of establishments within Siargao Islands, Surigao
del Norte for their compliance to environmental laws and policies.
B. Fake Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) Proponents
The regional office of Environmental Management Bureau (EMB-13) issued warning to
proponents in Caraga Region over individuals fabricating Environmental Compliance
Certificate (ECC). EMB-13, in its recent advisory, has urged the proponents of projects and
establishments to be cautious in availing the services of consultants or liaisons for the
processing of ECCs and other environmental permits.
C. Sustaining Barobo Water
Are you familiar of balobo tree, scientifically known as diplodiscus paniculatus?
Perhaps, most had difficulty identifying this tree species. It is now considered vulnerable and
its number has significantly declined as cited in one of the publications of the Research
Information Series on Ecosystems (RISE). It is preserving the water and trees in Barobo.
D. Restoring HERUCS: LGU Hinatuan’s responses to the challenges of Enchanted
River
EMB Caraga will continue to monitor the water quality of the river until such time
LGU-Hinatuan will be capable to do the activity as management tool for the protection of the
environment and the health of the people using the water resources.
Through this environmental awareness which proves its important for several reasons;
it fosters a sense of connection to the natural world, promotes sustainable development and
encourages conservation of irreplaceable natural resources and vulnerable plant and animal
species.
The Role of the Youth in Environmental Protection and Management

Youth comprise a huge piece of the total populace and young people should live
longer with the results of current ecological choices than will their seniors. People in the
future will likewise be influenced by these choices and the degree to which they have tended
to concerns, for example, the depletion of resources, biodiversity loss, and long-lived
radioactive wastes.
Young people can play an active role in protecting and improving the environment.
They can change their way of life and how it influences the environment. They can make
their homes, schools and youth associations all the more environmentally friendly by
adopting environmentally friendly practices, recycling of various materials just as preserving
resources, for example, water and power. Drawing in youth in environmental protection not
just makes direct effect on changing youth practices and mentalities, however potentially
impact their parents, relatives and families.
[EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 579]

November 30, 2006
ENCOURAGING THE FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN
PHILIPPINES PROGRAMS THROUGH THE NATIONAL SERVICE
TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP)
WHEREAS, the Philippines is a young nation; our people, are young, those under 30 years
old make up sixty-five (65%) percent of the population;
WHEREAS, it is the youth of this nation who have the energy to make their visions come true,
WHEREAS, it is the time for the younger generation to be actively involved in civic life, and
be responsible for their own future;
WHEREAS, the Arroyo Administration is calling for a New Vision for Young Nation;
NOW, THEREFORE, I, GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, President of the Republic
of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by law, do hereby order;
SECTION 1. The National Service Training Program (NSTP) shall endeavor to build a new
quality of life that will keep the nation young and beautiful. In order to ensure its realization,
all students under NSTP, Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), Literacy Training Service
(LTS), and Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS), shall be involved in Green Philippines
Activities which Include among others:
a. Taking back our forests and replenishing fallen trees with worried forests;
b. Beautifying our barangays and cities;
c. Building more urban parks and recreation areas;
d. Purifying our water;
e. Cleaning up industrial sites;
SEC. 2 At least 36 hours per semester or 72 hours in case of one summer program shall be
dedicated for the implementation of the activities enumerated under Section 1 hereof.
SEC. 3 The Chair of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) shall act as the Lead
Implementor of this Order, assisted by the Chair of the National Youth Commission (NYC).
SEC. 4 The Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Local Government
Units (LGUs) shall assist the schools in identifying the areas where the Green Philippine
Activities of the NSTP shall be implemented
SEC. 5 All other executive Issuances, orders, rules, and regulations or parts thereof
inconsistent with this Executive Order are hereby repealed or modified accordingly,
SEC. 6This Executive Order shall take effect immediately upon publication in two (2)
newspapers of general circulation and shall be implemented starting on the first (1st)
semester of school year 2007-2008.
DONE in the City of Manila, this 30th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, Two
Thousand and Six.
By the President:
(Sgd.) EDUARUO R. ERMITA (Sgd.) GLORIA M. ARROYO
Executive Secretary
WORKSHEET 9
Name: Date:


1. Give the definition of global warming. (10 points)
2. Describe global warming. (15 points)
3. Give the effects of global warming. (15 points)
4. Explain what the green effect is. (25 points)
5. Identify the 7 principles of environment.
6. Enumerate some of the Environmental Laws.
Module V
NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS
EXTERNAL THREATS
Objectives:
At the end of the module, the students should be able to:
1. Define national Security;
2. Describe the national Security of our country;
3. Identify the different national security threats in our country;
4. Define transnational crime, and
5. Give the types of transnational crimes.
Introduction
National security refers to the security of a nation state, including its citizens,
economy, and institutions and is regarded as a duty of government.
Originally conceived as protection against military attack, national security is now
widely understood to include non- military dimensions including economic security, energy
security, food security, cyber security etc. Similarly, national security risks include, in
addition to the actions of other nation states, action by violent non-sate actors, narcotic
cartels, and multinational corporations, and also the effects of natural disasters.
Governments rely on a range of measures, including political, economic, and military
power, as well as diplomacy to enforce national security. They may act to build the
conditions of security regionally and internationally by reducing transnational causes of
insecurity, such as climate change, economic inequality, political exclusion, and nuclear
proliferation.
Armed Forces Overview: The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) consists of a
66,000-member army, a 24,000 member navy, including 7,500 marines; and a 16,000-
member air force. Active forces are supplemented by 131, 000 reserves. A joint service
command covers five military areas. The 6,000-member National Capital Region Command,
established in November 2003, is responsible for protecting the government against a coup
attempts. The president of the republic is the commander I chief of the armed forces. The
AFP is poorly funded and is armed with antiquated equipment. In 2003 the government
moved to replace World War II-era rifles. In addition, only slightly more than half of the
Philippines’ naval ships are operation, and only a few air force planes are combat ready.
Compounding the problem of inadequate equipment, the AFP’s leadership has been accused
of corruption and complicity with insurgent groups, although its primary mission involves
counterinsurgency. In July 2003, junior officers staged an unsuccessful coup. The Philippines
is recipient of U.S. military assistance.
External Threat
The Philippines faces no major external threat.
Terrorism in the Philippines and U.S. - Philippine Security Cooperation Sheena
Chestnut Greitens, July 12, 2017
This documentary is adapted from the author’s Congressional testimony at the House
Foreign Affairs Committee Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific hearing, “Black Flags over
Mindanao,” on July 12, 2017.
Events of the past few months- in particular, the prolonged standoff in Marawi,
Mindanao-have significantly increased concerns about terrorist activity in the southern
Philippines and in Southeast Asia more broadly. The shape and focus of the U.S.-Philippine
alliance has already been somewhat in flux with the ascension of relatively new leadership
in both countries-Rodrigo Duterte having assumed the Philippine presidency in the middle
of 2016 and Donald Trump’s inauguration in the United States taking place in early 2017.
The evolution of the terrorist threat in the region emphasizes the importance of a productive,
cooperative security relationship between the two countries. Accordingly, this commentary
outlines six policy recommendations for how the Unites States should adapt its security
cooperation with the Philippines to address the region’s changing security and
counterterrorism needs.
The Importance of the Philippines and the Southeast Asia

Sheena Chestnut Greitens, 2017
The Philippines is important to American national security and foreign policy in Asia.
The country is a former U.S. colony with deep historical and cultural ties to the United States,
the world’s 12th largest country by population, a lively democracy and the region’s fastest
growing economy with a robust trade and investment relationship with the United States.
Since signing the Mutual Defense Treaty in 1951, the Philippines has been one of the United
States’ two treat allies in Southeast Asia. Regionally, it is one of our most important security
partners in the Asia-Pacific, as the U.S. has sought to expand cooperation throughout the
region, including with Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam.
There are two attributes of the U.S.-Philippine security relationship that distinguish it
from most American security partnership in East Asia. Firs, the Philippines has complicated
security environment, encompassing significant internal challenges. The country is a 7,000-
island archipelago, much of it low-lying and especially vulnerable to natural disasters such as
typhoons. This places significant demand on the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) to
conduct humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR) operations. Throughout the
Philippines’ history, it has also dealt with domestic challenges related to crime, militancy,
piracy, and terrorism-including the world’s longest running communist insurgency by the
New People’s Army (NPA) as well as a decades-long Muslim separatist movement in
Mindanao, the Southernmost large island in the country with the world’s third-largest
Catholic population. The high salience of internal security challenges is relatively unusual
among the United States’ treaty allies and partners in Asia.
As a result, the Philippines have long placed a heavy emphasis on internal security
issues and capabilities. The United States guaranteed the Philippines’ external security via the
Mutual Defense Treaty, during the Cold War projecting power in Asia from the Clark Air
Base and Subic Bay Naval Station; the AFP focused primarily on internal security. Under the
previous president, Benigno Aquino III, the Philippines had begun to shift its’ focus toward
external defense, embarking on a defense modernization program that, among other thing,
started the process of moving the land-heavy AFP toward more air and maritime capabilities.
International arbitration was also pursued by Aquino administration to challenge Chinese
actions in the South China Sea and increased cooperation was with the United States and
other regional security partners, such as Japan and Australia, in pursuit of those capabilities.
Since assuming the presidency, Duterte has to varying degrees, pulled back (or threatened to
do so) from all of the initiatives-questioning the value of the U.S. alliance and the more
recent Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA), courting Chinese investment and
infrastructure assistance, and declining to press Beijing on its actions in the South China Sea
after the arbitration court ruled primarily in Manila’s favor in 2016. Duterte focus on internal
security, therefore, is a return to the more inward focus that the AFP and Philippine
government have traditionally held since 1945. I will return the issue bellow.
Second, the U.S. - Philippine alliance functions best when it does so with full
awareness of the domestic political dynamics in the Philippines. The Philippines, is by in any
survey you look at, consistently one of the most pro-American places on earth. There are
strong people- to-people ties and broad and stable goodwill toward the United States among
the public. Recent and repeated comments by President Rodrigo Duterte about the United
States-often using colorful and inflammatory language-have, in the minds of many
Washington, complicated the ability of the United States to formulate and implement
effective security cooperation with the Philippines. The difficulty, however, should not
overstate or present as an issue that is solely, to do with Duterte. His statements echo-albeit
using very different language-long tradition of concern on the part of the Philippine left
regarding potential U.S. encroachment on Philippine sovereignty, and vacillation on just how
closely manila should tie itself to Washington. That same nationalistic sentiment contributed
to the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Philippine bases in the early 1990s (along with the
volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo), and that propelled activists to successfully advocate for
the Philippine constitution to explicitly forbid permanent Foreign military bases meaning that
American forces rotate through under the Visiting Forces Agreement signed in 1999. The
2014 Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement expanded the number of facilities
available to that rotational presence, including Lumbia Airfield in Cagayan de Oro in
Mindanao. These domestic political dynamics are important to navigate carefully-but they
do not make the alliance unmanageable.
Recent Changes in the Philippine’s Security Environment

American security cooperation with the Philippines has focused primarily on
counterterrorism or maritime security during the past two decades. The United States
deployed several hundred special operations personnel to the southern Philippines for counter
terrorism purpose from 2002 to 2015. The Primary focal point of that cooperation, the Joint
Special Operations Task Force-Philippines (JSOTFP), was discontinued in early 2015 after
the U.S.
involvement in a controversial operation, though the United Stated has, at the request of the
Philippine government and military provided intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and
other technical assistance during the recent operations in Marawi.
Jonathan Stromseth
Friday, May 12, 2017
Much of U.S. security cooperation in recent years has focused on maritime security,
in keeping with the growing emphasis of the AFP on these missions as tensions have risen in
the South China Sea. As part of this, the U.S. has refocused or added programs aimed at
building the Philippines’ naval and coast guard capabilities, as well as strengthening the
country’s maritime domain awareness. Regular sending of Ships and Personnel to the region
is conducted by the United States for Humanitarian missions, such as its assistance after
Typhoon Yolanda struck the Philippines in November 2013, and the U.S. military’s ongoing
participation in Operation Pacific Angel to deliver humanitarian assistance and training.
There is an increase of concerns about terrorist activity in Mindanao over the course
of the past year. These concerns have focused on “black Flag” militant groups based in the
southern Philippines, which have sworn loyalty to the Islamic State (ISIS) and received
recognition from the ISIS, and on the threat posed by ISIS-affiliated fighters returning to the
region from fighting in the Middle East. In late November 2016, one of these ISIS-linked
groups, the Maute group, occupied Butlig in Lanao del Sur for five days. Fighting has been
prolonged in Marawi, where the ISIS-aligned fighters-principally from the Maute group, Abu
Sayyaf, and the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters-have coordinated to hold parts of the
city in an urban siege that has now lasted over two months. At the time of the writing,
Mindanao has been under martial law for 60 days and the Philippine legislature has granted
approval for it to remain so until the end of 2017. Almost 600 people have been killed in the
fighting, around a quarter-million civilians have been displaced, and significant parts of the
city have been destroyed. The Maute group was suspected of placing a bomb near the U.S.
embassy in Manila last November and of bombing President Duterte’s hometown in Davao.
The appearance of foreign fighters in Marawi-not just Malaysians and Indonesians, but
reportedly also Saudi, Yemeni, and Chenchen fighters-raises the possibility that Mindanao
will become a central attraction for juhadists unable to travel to the Middle East or attracted
to the operational, physical foothold being established in Mindanao. The collapsed of 2014
peace agreement between the government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) has
exacerbated this territorial and political challenge, as militants disillusioned with the peace
process turn to more radical ISIS-linked organizations instead., while payments made for
other hostages raise concern that these operations help bankroll ISIS-linked militants. The
Philippine press
At the same time, concerns about kidnapping-for-ransom operations by the terrorist
group. Abu Sayyaf in the waters around the southern Philippines has also heightened.
Western hostages have been executed when ransom demands were not met reported last fall
that Abu Sayyaf, which has pledged allegiance to ISIS, had raised at least $7 million in 2016
from its kidnapping operations. As a result of concerns about security in these waters and the
safety of
trade between the two countries. Indonesia temporarily suspended shipping and banned coal
exports to the Philippines (70 percent of the country’s supply).
The Democracy Promotion Paradox
Lincoln A. Mitchell, 2016
There is a significant increase in the counterinsurgency threat in the southern

Philippines, and pose to the threat that passes through the Sulu Sea brought by the emergence
and the Islamic of links between militant groups in Mindanao, including a resurgent Abu
Sayyaf, and the Islamic State, especially in the context of the 2014 peace agreement.
Recommendations for Successful Security Cooperation
The United States has compelling security interests in active security engagement
with the Philippines and its neighbors in Southeast Asia. There are six major ways that
existing security cooperation can be adapted to address the revolving terrorist threat.
First recommendation is the active engagement of both the executive branch and the
Congress to signal a U.S. presence, participation in, and commitment to the Philippines can
have a real positive impact. Concern about Duterte is understandable, but the Philippine
remains strongly pro-American and cognizant of the benefits of a robust security relationship.
At present, that engagement can most productively be focused on the bureaucracy, military,
legislature, local governments, civil society, and things like continued humanitarian missions
that affirm the shared values underpinning the alliance. Broader engagement with ASEAN,
including but not limited to a Congressional delegation to the region (including the
Philippines), would indicate strong, bipartisan support for the efforts that administration
officials have made thus far to signal importance of the region and outline a vision to the U.S.
role in a peaceful, prosperous, and free Asia.
Second, the United States could consider expanding maritime security assistance and
continue its efforts to strengthen Philippine maritime domain awareness. Executed well, this
has potential to simultaneously improve the Philippine government and military’s ability to
address multiple priorities: conducting HA/DR operations, improving law enforcement and
counter terrorism capabilities, and boosting external defense. It is important that, even as the
Philippines deals with intensifying internal security and terrorist threats, it does not abandon
efforts to strengthen its maritime capacities and defenses in the South China Sea. The
Philippines received a significant portion of the Maritime Security Initiative’s 2016 funding,
and given the exigency of current security needs, it makes sense for the trend to continue.
Maritime capacity-building has the additional advantage of focusing on cooperation that
doesn’t raise human rights concerns under the Leahy Amendment, and will allow the United
States to contribute for democratic values such as human rights. This will help strike the right
balance between recognizing the popular support that Duterte has had thus far, and strongly
affirming the shared values upon which today’s alliance is based.
Third, if the Philippines request it, the United States should be willing to examine
options for-reactivating formal counterterrorism cooperation with Manila, such as the
previous Joint Special Operations Task Force-Philippines. With the U.S. military already
providing
technical assistance to the AFP, clearly defining the parameters of the American forces’
involvement so far as possible given security considerations , of course-and proactively
affirming that this presence will be consistent with the Philippine Constitution may help
avoid domestic sensitivities. It is not necessary or desirable for the U.S. counterterrorism
assistance to become a political football in Philippine domestic politics. Careful
communication will help keep the focus on the important share interest that out two countries
have: preventing ISIS from establishing a physical foothold inside the territory of a U.S.
treaty all in Asia.
Fourth, Manila’ efforts can be supported by the United States to cooperate with other
U.S. security partners, including Japan, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The
launch of the trilateral patrols and information-sharing among Indonesia, Malaysia, and the
Philippines in June were an important step to boost regional cooperation on counterterrorism
and counter-piracy. Strengthening the Philippines’ naval, coast guard, and maritime law
enforcement capability as described above is important giving this cooperation teeth; partners
like Japan, Australia, and South Korea can play an important role, heightening the impact of
American assistance.
Fifth, the United States can identify productive forms of economic engagement with
the Philippines and Southeast Asia. This includes not just focused trade agreements on travel
goods, but efforts to strengthen regional financial tools for combating terrorism. Like
maritime capacity-building measure, these efforts to strengthen can achieve multiple
priorities-such as strengthening the regional financial architecture to counteract North
Korea’s money laundering and revenue-generating activities in the region. It will be
especially important to proactively limit the flow of funds from the ISIS agents in the Middle
East into Southeast Asia to limit the growth and operational capabilities of ISIS-affiliated
groups. Boosting economic cooperation will also help the Philippines to navigate a dilemma
increasingly faced by Washington’s East Asian allies: reliance on the United States for
security, but China for economic prosperity.
Sixth, Washington must be thoughtful about, and should monitor closely, the political
context in which the ISIS-linked terrorism might unnecessarily be able to gain greater
traction. There is little question that the collapse of the 2014 peace agreement between the
government and the MILF , and the resultant failure to create the Bangsamoro region in
Mindanao, have contributed to the splintering of individuals and factions away from the
MILF and toward more radical groups. Despite Duterte’s stated support for the Bangsamoro
region, it remains to be seen exactly who he-and the majority Catholic legislature-will
approach this question, and what success Duterte’s efforts might have in bringing an end to
the decades-long conflict in Mindanao. Regionally, the treatment of the Rohingya Muslim
population in Myanmar is a grievance that could be a recruitment tool and rallying cry for
Islamic militants across Southeast Asia. The United States should therefore closely monitor
the progress of these issues, and express support for the development of effective, inclusive,
long-term solutions to two of the region’s longest-standing points of tension.
CONCLUSION
Terrorists’ threats resurgence in the southern Philippines, and especially the activities
of groups with new links to ISIS, has raised new questions about the shape and focus of U.S.
security cooperation with the Philippines. In crafting the cooperation, it is helpful for
American policy makers to be aware of both the delicate balance between the internal and
external security needs that Manila has long had to strike, and the domestic sensitiveness that
can trip up robust security cooperation. With these factors in mind, there are many areas in
which the United States can adjust and strengthen its security cooperation with the
Philippines, and can work together with Manila to prevent ISIS from developing a territorial
foothold on the soil of a U.S. ally in Asia.
Terrorism
Terrorists are very likely to try to carry out attacks in the Philippines. Terrorist
groups continue to plan attacks and have the capacity and the intent to carry out attacks at
anytime and anywhere in the country including in the capital Manila and in places visited by
foreigners, such as airports, shopping malls, public transport, including the metro system and
places of worship. Attacks have been carried out using improvised explosive devices and
small arms.
Explosions occurred in the Quiapo area Manila on 28 of April and 6 of May 2017,
resulting in fatalities. The motive for these attacks remains unclear.
On 28 November 2016, an improvised device was found close to the U.S. embassy in
Manila. The device was made safe by the police. Explosions at a boxing match in Hilongos,
Leyte (Visayas) injured over 30 people on 28 on December 2016.
There are several terrorist groups operating in the Philippines that continue to pose a
threat. These groups include New People’s Army (NPA), the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG),
Jemaah Islamiyah(JI) and other associated groups. Element within the two main insurgents
groups, the Moro Liberation Front (MILF), continue to pose a security threat. A splinter
group of the MILF, continue to pose a security threat. A splinter group of the MILF, the
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIIF), has also been responsible for attacks. Some
groups have pledged allegiance to Daesh (formally referred to as ISIL,) and are likely to
regard westerners as legitimate targets.
Militants groups also operate in rural areas throughout the Philippines. Armed clashes
between security forces and militant groups can occur at any time without warning. Previous
clashes have resulted in tourists being injured. Before traveling to rural areas, you should
research the area thoroughly.
Commercial shopping companies have been advised to adopt heightened vigilance
when navigating the Sulu and Celebes Sea. The regional Co-operation Agreement on
Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP) advise all ships to
re- route from the area where possible. Most maritime incidents occur in the Sulu
archipelago, Palawan and Sabah (Malaysia). Boats travelling to and from offshore islands and
dive sites are possible targets.
Civilian targets in Mindanao have been attacked and there remains a heightened threat
of attacks throughout the Mindanao island group. A bomb attack on a market in Davao City
killed more than a dozen people on 2 of September 2016. An explosion in Aleosan, North
Cotabato injures 6 people on 29 0f December 2016.
Terrorist groups have threatened to attack passenger ferries and other vessels,
particularly those operating from Mindanao. You should avoid using public transport
throughout Mindanao.
There is considered to be a heightened threat of terrorist attack globally against UK
interests and British nationals, from groups or individuals motivated by the conflict in Iraq
and Syria. You should be vigilant at this time.
Kidnapping
Kidnapping could occur anywhere. There’s been an increase in kidnapping of foreign
nationals since late 2015, with a number of new cases involving terrorist groups. Some
hostages, including foreign nationals, have been murdered. It’s likely that terrorist groups
continue to plan kidnap operations against western nationals in the region.
This threat extends throughout the Philippines, both on land and at sea, but is
particularly acute in the southern Philippines. This includes Mindanao, the Sulu archipelago,
Palawan and central Visayas region, including Siquijor and Dumaguete, and extends to
coastal resorts, dive sites, and offshore areas in the nearby waters of the Sulu Sea and Celebes
Sea.
Foreigners have been targeted in rural, urban and coastal areas, on private boats, in
marinas and resorts. The threat of kidnapping isn’t confined to terrorist strongholds, and
kidnaps may be opportunistic. Kidnap groups have sought to expand their reach including by
working with affiliates to abduct foreign nationals from one area of the Philippines before
transporting the victims to another.
In May 2017, the Philippines authorities reported that they had received
unsubstantiated but credible information that the terrorist group Abu Sayyaf may be about to
conduct kidnaps in the Sulu Sea, including around the island of the Sulu archipelago
(Philippines) and the seas/islands off the east coast of Sabah (Malaysia). Any vessels sailing
in the area could be targeted. You should carefully consider travel plans and be especially
vigilant at this time.
On 9 of May 2017, the U.S. Embassy in Manila advised its citizens it had received
“credible information that terrorist groups may be planning to conduct kidnapping operations
targeting foreign national in the areas of Palawan Province, Philippines, to include Puerto
Princesa City, and the areas surrounding Puerto Princesa subterranean River National Park”.
You should carefully consider travel plans, and be especially vigilant in these areas.
On 11 and 12 of April 2017, Philippine authorities clashed with heavily armed
individuals in Inabanga, Bohol, resulting in fatalities. This was in response to information
that a group was planning to conduct kidnapping in the area.
Transnational Crimes
Transnational crimes are crimes that have actual or potential effect across national
borders and crimes that are intrastate but offend fundamental values of the international
community, (Boister, 2003). The term is commonly used in the law enforcement and
academic communities. Transnational organized crime (TOC) refers specifically to
transnational crime carried out by crime organizations, (United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime).
The word transnational describes crimes that are not only international (that is, crimes
that cross borders between countries), but crimes that by their nature involve cross-border
transference as essential part of the criminal activity. Transnational crimes also include
crimes that take place in one country, but their consequences significantly affect another
country and transit countries may also be involved. Examples of transnational crimes include:
1. Human trafficking,
2. People smuggling, smuggling/trafficking of goods (such as arms trafficking and drug
trafficking).
3. Illegal animal and plant products and other goods prohibited on environmental grounds
(e.g. banned ozone depleting substances).
4. Sex slavery,
5. Terrorism offenses, torture and
6. Apartheid.
Transnational crimes may also be crimes of customary international law or

international crimes when committed in certain circumstances. For example, they may in
certain situations constitute crimes against humanity.
Transnational organized crime (TOC) is organized crime coordinated across national
borders, involving groups or networks of individuals working in more than one country to
plan and execute illegal business ventures. In order to achieve their goals, these criminal
groups use systematic violence and corruption. The most commonly seen transnational
organized crimes are money laundering; human smuggling; cyber-crime; and trafficking of
humans, drugs, weapons, kidnapping, people smuggling, endangered species, body parts, or
nuclear material.
Transnational Crime
Jay S. Albanese, Oxford Bibliographies, Legal Beagle , Oct. 26, 2017
Transnational crimes are violations of law that involve more than one country in their
planning, execution, or impact. These offenses are distinguished from other crimes in their
multinational nature, which poses unique problems in understanding their causes, developing
prevention strategies, and in mounting effective adjudication procedures. Transnational
crimes can be grouped into three broad categories involving provision of illicit goods (drug
trafficking, trafficking in stolen property, weapons trafficking, and counterfeiting), illicit
services (commercial sex and human trafficking), and infiltration of business and government
(fraud, racketing, money laundering, and corruption) affecting multiple countries.
Transnational crimes are distinct from international crime, which involves crime against
humanity that may or may not involve multiple countries. Examples of international crimes
are genocide and terrorism, which are also included in this guide to sources.
Types of Transnational Crimes

By Lindsey Fisher-Updated October 18, 2017
Crimes that occur across national borders are transnational crimes. Countries affected
don’t have the jurisdiction to prosecute criminals who are committing crimes from other
countries; hence, crimes are of heightened concern. While many countries combine forces to
combat these crimes, drug trafficking, money laundering, arms trafficking and human
trafficking are growing international problems.
Drug Trafficking
Drug trafficking refers to illegal drugs being sold and distributed. This happens in the
United States as well as in other countries. The main concern with transnational drug
trafficking for the United States is illegal drugs being transported in from other countries and
sold. Not only do these illegal drugs cause crime in the States, the sale of them also draws
large amounts of money into other countries. Because illegal drugs, such as marijuana,
methamphetamines and cocaine, are in demand in the United States, trafficking in drugs is a
very common and lucrative transnational crime. This causes drug trafficking to be extremely
hard to combat and stop. With drug trafficking come other types of crime, such as money
laundering, illegal possession of arms or even murder.
Money Laundering
The process of criminals disguising the illegal origins of their money is called money
laundering. It occurs all over the world. Criminals who get their money from illegal actions,
such as prostitution, smuggling or computer fraud typically launder their money in order not
to attract the attention of authorities. By not attracting attention from authorities, criminals are
able to fly under the radar and continue their criminal activities, making even more money
without getting in trouble. Money laundering is done in three main ways:
1. Disguising the source of money-such as disguising a prostitution ring as a massage
parlour,
2. Changing the form- such as changing cash into a money order, or moving the funds-
such as taking money from one large bank account, and
3. Putting it in several smaller accounts under different names.
Arms Trafficking
The smuggling of guns, ammunition and other weapons is called arms trafficking.
When weapons are smuggled into a country and sold illegally, buyers don’t have to have any
type of license or waiting period in order to buy one. This makes it easier for criminals who
can’t purchase a weapon legally to obtain one. Smuggled weapons typically end up in the
hands of criminals or people with criminal intentions. This causes more crime to occur that
could potentially be reduced if illegal arms trafficking is reduced or eliminated. Stopping
arms trafficking is difficult because weapons have military, law enforcement and sport uses.
This makes it harder to determine if a weapon is in the country and possessed legally.
Human Trafficking
Human Trafficking is a crime against humanity. It evolves the sale, transportation,
receipt and harbouring of human beings through the use of force, threats or coercion with the
intent to exploit the individuals. Human trafficking often includes payment or money transfer
from a trafficker to a person in control of the victim. Common reasons that human are
trafficked
include for prostitution, sexual exploitation or forced slavery. Human trafficking happens
across state lines as well as across international borders.
INTERNAL THREAT AND TERRORISM

Published in July 2009
Police Forces: The Department of Interior and Local Government oversees the
Philippine National Police (PNP), which has an active force of about 115, 000. The PNP,
which had been entrusted with internal security in 1996, lost this role two years later, when
the Armed Forces of the Philippines-particularly the army-reasserted its lead role in internal
security. In September 2002, the PNP regained some of its authority when it was allowed to
form a counterinsurgency task force in northeast Mindanao. Meanwhile, the army established
a parallel task force in southwest Mindanao.
Internal Threat: Insurgencies by various Islamic terrorist and separatist groups and the
communist New People’s Army pose a significant internal threat. In response to this situation
and the global war on terrorism, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) has been
restructured to combat domestic insurgencies, most of which are based on the southern island
of Mindanao : the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)
Jemaah Islamiyah, and the Communist Party of the Philippines’ New People’s Army (NPA).
In addition, the loyalty of the military to the government remains in doubt, following an
unsuccessful coup by a renegade faction of the AFP in July 2003.
Terrorism: The Philippines faces an indigenous terrorist threat from the following several
organizations:
1. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
2. The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), and
3. The communist New People’s Army (NPA).
The MILF and ASG, which aspire to establish an Islamic state on Mindanao, are reputed to
have linked to al Qaeda. The MILF, which has engaged in sporadic peace negotiations with
the government and has some moderate elements, is the largest of the groups, with about
10,000 to 11 000 soldiers. The more militant ASG, after being forced to abandon its
stronghold on the island of Basilan by the Armed Forces of the Philippines, has regrouped on
Jolo. About 400 guerrillas now are affiliated with the group, about half the original level
before its confrontation with the Philippine military, Jemaah Islamiyah, an al Qaeda affiliate
active in Indonesia but with branches across Southeast Asia, allegedly failed to execute plans
to bomb ceremonies marking the inauguration of the new .Philippine government in June
2204. The NPA, the military wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines has about 3,000
guerrillas on Mindanao.
Human Rights: According to a U.S. Department of State report released in March
2006, Philippine security forces have been responsible for serious human rights abuses
despite the efforts of civilian authorities to control them. The report found that although the
government generally respected human rights, some security forces elements-particularly the
Philippine National Police-practiced extrajudicial killings, vigilantism, disappearances,
torture, and arbitrary arrest and detention in their battle against criminals and terrorists.
Prison
conditions were harsh, and the slow judicial process as well as corrupt police, judges, and
prosecutors impaired due process and the rule of law. Besides criminals and terrorist, human
rights activists, left-wing political activist, and Muslims were sometimes the victims of
improper police conduct. Violence against women and abuse of children remained serious
problems, and some children were pressed into slave labor and prostitution.
WORKSHEET 10
Name: Date:

1. Give the definition of national security. (10 points)

2. Describe the national security of our country. (30 points)
3. Enumerate the different national security threats in our country. (15 points)
4. Enumerate the different national crimes. (15 points)
5. Give the definition of transnational crimes. (10 points)
6. Enumerate the types of transnational crimes. (15 points)
APPENDICES
HOW TO DO A CASE ANALYSIS?
Step 1
A particular case or a problem situation will be given to the students to read, study,
analyze and solve.
Step 2
The students shall be provided with problem questions or statements that will help them in
focusing their reading and analyzing the case.
Step 3
Provide reading time. Give the participants ample time to read and re-read the case. Below
are some tips on reading cases.
Step 4
Ask the students to analyze the case breaking it down into the following:
 Define the central problem.
 Breakdown the problem into its main aspects or factors like activities or
issues. The breakdown furthers the factors into elements.
 Query the elements, sift through the evidence, weigh the pros and cons, then
arrive at conclusions.
 Think entirely different possibilities to the case.
 Let the students analyse first the elements, then the factors or aspect and
ask them to come up with a solution to the central problem.
SAMPLE CASE STUDY TEMPLATE
Once you have gathered the necessary information, a draft of your analysis should include
these sections:
1. Introduction
 Identify the key problems and issues in the case study.
 Formulate and include a theses statement, summarizing the outcome of your
analysis in1-2 sentences.
2. Background
 Set the scene background information, relevant facts, and the most
important issues.
 Demonstrate that you have researched the problems in this case study
3. Alternatives
 Outline possible alternatives(not necessarily all of them)
 Explain why alternatives were rejected.
 Constraints/reasons
 Why are alternatives not possible at this time?
4. Proposed Solution
 Provide one specific and realistic solution
 Explain why this solution was chosen
 Support this solution with solid evidence
 Concepts from class (text readings, discussions, lectures)
 Outside research
 Personal experience (anecdotes)
5. Recommendations:
 Determine and discuss specific strategies for accomplishing the
proposed solution.
 If applicable ,recommend further action to resolve some of the issues
 What should be done and who do it?
CASE STUDY REPORT FORMAT OUTLINES
The following is a suggested guideline for preparing your case study analysis reports
Cover Page
(Include Case Study Title, Student Names, Date of Submission)
Executive Summary
(If appropriate- should be written last to focus on key points/findings)
Body
 Key issues/ Goals/Problems
 Decision Criteria
 Assumptions
 Data analysis in a (analysis in appendix and summary info in body)
 Preferred Alternative with rationale
 Justification/Predicted Outcome or Recommendations
Conclusion
References
It is recommended that your source, journals, periodicals, and textual references as well as
any online research be placed here. Make sure you support your ideas with facts and figures.
Please try to use your own words and ideas based on research than copy and paste other's
’words from the internet. You should use MLA formatting style in-line citations, image
source citations, and an alphabetical citation list in a reference section.
Appendices: charts, financials, visuals and other related items can be placed here and
referenced in the report.
Note: use MLA formatting throughout your paper. For details on MLA style, see
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Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt.

Margins: 1 inch all around
Page Numbers on every page
EXERCISE RUBRICS
CRITERIA (60-70 %) (75-85%) (90-1000%)
Points {12-14} {15-17} { 18-20}
Conflict The student, through The student was The analysis

Identification the analysis only able to provided
presented, has recognize a single demonstrates the
overlooked possible conflict from the student’s recognition
conflicts from the case given of multiple problems
situation provided. presented on the case
Points {12-14} {15-17} 18-20}
Plan of Action {20} {3.0-3.50} (3.75-4.25} {4.50-5.0}
Deadline Document Document is Document is

Compliance {5} submission fell submitted one week submitted within the
beyond two weeks later than the given deadline.
from the set specified date of
deadline. submission.
Points { 3.0 } {3.75-4.25} {4.50-5.0}
Writing Style and Document follows Follows format, The paper reflects no
Format {5} a different format however some errors in terms of
and manifests misspelled words spelling and
multiple incorrect and some grammar and has
spelling and grammatical errors followed the
grammatical errors. are present on the prescribed format.
document
CI+PA+DC+WSF=STUDENT’S TOTAL SCORE
CASE ANALYSIS
NATIONAL SECURITY
Deliberate, Not Desperate: The Philippines’ National Security Strategy on the West
Philippine Sea
By Julio S. Amador III and Edcel John A. Ibarra
There were arguments that the Philippine government should not have solely relied on
international court to manage the country’s most pressing national security concern: the
maritime disputes in the West Philippine Sea. Some commentators pointed out that the
Philippines depended heavily on other countries (particularly the United States), that the go
government seemed complacent and lax in handling the disputes, that Filipinos could never
retrieve the West Philippine Sea, and that the country was lacking external security and losing
in its strategy. However, what these commentators missed was that the filing an arbitration
case against China formed only one part of a broader strategic framework, Indeed, the legal
approach was not out of desperation but a deliberate component of the Philippine strategy on
the West Philippine Sea.
The Philippine Strategy

The Philippines did not simply bring China to court. Even before the filing the case,
the government had already wisely chosen to settle the dispute with an Arbitral Tribunal
under Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), with a
registry at the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), rather than with the other international
courts listed by the Convention. Unlike in those other courts, states influence the ad hoc
selection of the judges in the Arbitral Tribunal: disputants each choose one tribunal member
and agree on the remaining three from a closed list of potential members, for a total of five
tribunal members. The Philippines naturally appointed a judge who espoused an aligned
jurisprudence. Meanwhile, China refused to participate in the entire process, thereby also
relinquishing its privilege to appoint a judge. The President of the International Tribunal for
the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) appointed the other four tribunal members instead, as per
UNCLOS.
As it awaited the decision, the government also enlisted the help of the International
community to make China abide by the eventual ruling. Since the submission of the case to
the arbitral tribunal in 2013, Philippine diplomats had been engaging their counterparts in
their countries of assignment to support the country’s position. By asking support, the
Philippines created an international pro-compliance constituency that China cannot ignore
now that the tribunal had released its decision. The strategy had been historically tested:
rallying the international community can tame intransigent states. In Nicaragua v United
States, Nicaragua successfully lobbied the UN General assembly to adopt a resolution that
the United States comply with the ruling of the International Court of Justice. Similarly, in
Netherlands v. Russia, Greenpeace, in whose behalf the Netherlands filed a case at ITLOS,
generated enough international attention on the case, which pressured Russia to eventually
release the detainees. Arbitration fell under the legal track of the government’s three-track
approach to the disputes, Alongside it, the Philippines maintained multilateral cooperation
with regional
stakeholders ) through ASEAN-the political track-and continued bilateral discussions with
China-the diplomatic track. Apparent failures in the political track (the failure of ASEAN to
issue a joint communiqué on the South China Sea disputes) and the diplomatic track (a
stalemate in the bilateral consultations with China on the disputes after the standoff at
Scarborough Shoal) in 2012 had ultimately prompted the Philippines to file the arbitration
case in 2013, but this did not preclude it to continue engaging ASEAN and China.
Indeed, there had also been improvements on these two tracks. On the political track
ASEAN had been identifying developments in the South China Sea as a cause of regional
concern in its joint communiqués since 2013. On the diplomatic track, the Philippines
maintained bilateral discussions with China on other, non-contentious issues. In fact, in terms
of economic relations, the Philippines’ total trade with, foreign direct investment from, and
official development assistance from China since 2013 had indicated no clear sign of
deterioration. “The Philippine strategy on the West Philippine Sea is therefore a
comprehensive package of legal, political, diplomatic, and defense approaches”
The government’s overall diplomatic strategy went with a defense plan as well. The
Philippines embarked on strengthening its defense relations with allies while improving its
own military capabilities. On defense relations, the Philippines, among others, adopted the
Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement with the United States, agreed in principle on the
transfer of defense equipment and technology with Japan, and signed a strategic partnership
agreement with Vietnam. On defense-capability improvement, spending for the security
sector had generally been increasing since 2010 when President Benigno S. Aquino III
assumed office. In fact, in 2013, real defense spending exceeded three billion USD at 2014 at
2014 prices for the first time in history. This growing appropriation, in turn, allowed the
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) to continue its assets.
Filling in the gap in public diplomacy
The Philippines strategy on the West Philippine Sea was therefore a comprehensive
package of legal, political, diplomatic, and defense approaches, but, as noted above, Filipinos
might not have necessarily viewed it as such. The salience of negative perceptions pointed to
a gap in the efforts of the Department Of Foreign Affairs (DFA) to communicate the
Philippine strategy on the disputes, a gap that could have been remedied through more public
diplomacy. For its part, the DFA had been keen to explain the legal approach to the domestic
public. For instance, the department’s spokesperson had been going around the country to
discuss the arbitration case with local stakeholders. But, in addition, there should have been
efforts to support local government units-especially those that administer the contested areas-
and educational institutions to conduct information campaigns on their own. There should
have been a wider presence in social media, too. In terms of content, the government’s legal
efforts could have been contextualized in the bigger picture of the Philippine strategy,
because the connection might not necessarily have been automatically construed. Ultimately,
there should have been extra alternatives-multilateral balancing through ASEAN, bilateral
negotiations with China, and most especially, military confrontation-indicated slim success at
that time. Past efforts moreover indicate that there are improvements on the political,
diplomatic, and defense
aspects. After all, the flexibility of the Philippine strategy made it possible to pursue different
strategies simultaneously.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. How significant is the issue regarding safeguarding our national security? What are
the important measures the Philippines are making in order to ensure our national
security?
2. Do you agree to the measures our country is doing to ensure our national security: If
yes, what are your reasons to state that the country is on the right track? If no, what
are your suggestions or alternative measures to secure our national territory?
3. As a student, how can you contribute in safe guarding our national security? What are
your everyday activities and actions that reflect our effort towards national security?
SUBSTANCE ABUSE EDUCATION
I COULD NEVER GET HIGH ENOUGH
This is the story of Cecilia, a typical college girl, full of innocence, hope and dreams. Once a
splendid life shattered by the reality of curiosity, peer pressure and thrill of living it high.
This is her account…
Growing Up
I grew up in Paco, Manila with my mom, dad, brother and younger sister. My mom and dad
at the time bought a restaurant. They were always gone since it was such a demanding
business. I was home alone a lot and could do whatever I wanted.
Rebellious Streak
I loved movies and I loved role play. I idolized rockers and the hardcore lifestyle they lived
and wanted to be a part of it. I would sneak out to parties on the weekends. However, this
particularly party is different. I vividly remember that party. I was a freshman at college and
the other girls invited me to a party that would have all these “gorgeous guys”. I was a bit
nervous and whenever a guy would come up and talk to me, I stuttered and embarrassed
myself. Then, suddenly, he was right in front of me. He had the darkest, most beautiful eyes I
had ever seen and as he learned in and whispered to me, I was a goner. He almost
immediately had my heart. I did not realize he was taking my future as well.
He saw right through my nervousness and told me he had something that would help me get
over it. He said he had been the same way a couple of years ago, starting college after
growing up in a small, secluded town. I was only 17 at the time; one thing led to another and
tried my first taste of the drug. I was curious about drugs, so it was an easy sell. I gave him
my heart. He gave me an addiction to heroin.
My friends tried to talk to talk to me out of seeing him. Apparently, he was the local college
dealer and I was hooked on him. When he went home for the break, I barely got through
those days. I kept texting and calling him but he would not answer. When he finally did, he
seemed mad by my concern and let me know that he would not be checked on. I did not
remind him that he did the same thing to me a couple of times already. I was just grateful I
could hear his voice.
Living It High
That little taste started me on a path of getting high at school and then eventually dropping
out altogether. Classes interfered with my drug life. What I thought was normal behavior was
not normal at all. I was out of control and addicted to drugs. All I wanted to do was hang out
and get high- and I could never get high enough. I was with my boyfriend, which made it
easy for me to abuse the drug. I was living on the doorstep of death every day, almost
unknowingly
because I had no idea how toxic and explosive the chemicals used were at the time.
Sometimes I would be up for days, smoking constantly. When I’d finally come down, I was
totally depleted. I would barely get out of bed for weeks.
Having no money for my habit, I even tried to stay sober at one point, I got a job at a local
gas station to support myself, but after a month I started using drugs again. I couldn’t hold
my job because I was too sick and too high to function. I tried to lead a regular life but I
found that even the simplest things were impossible. I could barely walk through the
truckloads of garbage, dirty clothes and other things I can’t sleep properly. I was severely
thin because I wasn’t taking care of myself. I’m 5’4 and at one point I was about 90 pounds
in weight. A few months later, my family found me. They took me home, their frail, lanky
and almost lifeless daughter.
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What are the things the push Cecilia to get involves with drugs? What are its effects
on her life
2. What can her family do in order to aid in her predicament? Kindly chart or list down
your treatment or rehabilitation regiment?
3. Suppose that Cecilia is your friend. What pieces of advice can you give for her in
order for her to take a step towards staying away from drugs and maintain a clean,
drug-free life?
DISASTER AWARENESS, PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT
RESEARCH GROUP URGES MORE ACCESSIBLE EARTHQUAKE

INFORMATION TO FILIPNOS
By Rappler Jene-Anne Pangue Posted last 03 May 2019
MANILA, Philippines-Are Filipino households prepared for a strong earthquake?
A study released on Wednesday, May 1, showed that most Filipino households hardly have
earthquake preparedness plans. This lack of preparation was the reason the Harvard
Humanitarian Initiative (HHI) urged disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) offices
to ensure that information on earthquakes are accessible and comprehensive to all, especially
among the less educated Filipinos.
HHI”s study, through its Disaster net Philippines project, was gathered from a nationwide
household survey conducted between March and April 2017, with a total of 4, 368
interviews. There were 240 household respondents in each of the 18 regions, except with the
National Capital Region (NCR), where more were tapped for the survey.
Coincidentally, the results of the survey were released just a few days after strong
earthquakes jolted Luzon and Visayas.
Need for boost

HHI Resilient Communities Program Director Vincenzo Bollenttino said in a statement that
timely access to disaster information and plans for what to do during an earthquake can save
lives.
“Filipinos should be aware of the Department of Interior and local Government’s (DILG)
guidelines on disaster preparedness (Operation Listo) and acquaint themselves with
evacuation routs, evacuation shelter locations and should have emergency kits prepared,”
Bollenttino added.
The study showed that the highly educated members of the household were more likely to
have earthquake disaster plans (below 10%) than the less educated ones (below 5%).
More highly educated respondents of the survey and heads of household were more likely to
have a plan in case of earthquakes.
The familiarity on the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs)

Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS), a seismic scale used to measure the intensity of a temblor,
was more common at 62% among households with members who completed tertiary
education and have skilled professionals.
This followed at 49% by households with a member who finished secondary education, 35%
for those with member who graduated from primary school, and only 24% for household
without members who either reached or finished any school level.
Even before the magnitude 6.1 earthquake jolted Central Luzon on April 22, this region,
along with Western Visayas only showed 3% of preparedness planning at the household
level.
The least prepared regions at 1% each were Ilocos Region and Cagayan Valley. Near the
bottom at 2% preparedness were Bicol, Zamboanga Peninsula, and Socsargen.
Central Visayas reported the highest level of preparedness at 15%, while Metro Manila,
which was also hit by the recent earthquake, ranked at the second highest level of
preparedness planning at 13% before the disaster
Other factors
Familiarity with PEIS were more common at 51% among younger respondents at 18 to 35-
years old than the older Filipinos. This was followed by Filipinos with ages 36-55 at 48% for
56 and older.
The survey also showed that households dependent on agriculture or fishing as their main
livelihood are less likely to have an earthquake management plan at 3%, than skilled workers
at 8%.
Communications coordinator of HHI DisasterNet Philippines Mark Toldo said that the study
aims to present specific data for each type of disaster after its general study on the
perceptions of disaster resilience and preparedness in the Philippine.
“What we’re doing right now is we’re getting specific data from the results of the survey on
each type of disaster such as earthquake. The other month, we released some data on drought.
We hope to release more specific data in the coming months,” Toldo said.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Do you agree or disagree with the article? Why? State stories or read articles
regarding this.
2. How can we remedy the problem presented in the article? State concrete actions or
solutions.
3. How can you aid the government and the community in being disaster ready?
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS & PROTECTION
NATURE RESERVE INSTITUTE AND BARANGAY BAYALSE
The Nature Reserve Institute is a Non-Government Organization (NGO) that caters to

different barangays in attending to their environmental issues. They provide their expertise in
aiding the community for planning their environmental preservation efforts.
Recently, the Institute receives a new project. For the span of six (6) months to a year, the
group will help Brgy. Bayalse in their environmental concerns. Here is their profile sheet:
COMMUNITY PROFILE SHEET
BARANGAY NAME: BARANGAY BAYALSE
CAUSE DIAGNOSIS: The area is currently hit by extensive and sporadic effects of
global warming or climate change.
CURRENT Excessive heat has been the customized situation of the

SITUATION barangay over a long period of time. The residents regard it as
normal condition of the area and take it as gift from God that
there are no incidents of deaths and/or destruction of
properties. However, for the past couple of months, their
condition is getting alarming. The rain fall is unpredictable, it
gave no sign when it will start and when it will stop.
Oftentimes, It lasts for 2-3 day continuously. If it’s not raining,
the community experiences a long duration of drought.
PHYSICAL EFFECT/S: 1. FLOOD: Many residents have left the community and a
large number are evacuated in other areas. Many have
lost their valuable properties damaged during the
unexpected midnight flooding. Some of the homes have
already disappeared below the muddy water.
2. LANDSLIDES: Due to the soil structure that does not
permeate water easily, whenever it rains, it causes
landslides. This resulted to loss of properties, lives and
causes road accidents.
3. DROUGHT: Months of dry weather results to food
shortages and uncultivated farm lands.
ECONOMIC EFFECT/S 1. LIVELOHOOD ACTIVITIES DISRUPTION: The
crop farming activities which is regarded as their major
means of livelihood is consistently being disrupted by
the unpredictable weather. Their alternative source of
income is fishing is also hindered by the constant flood.
2. UNDELIVERABLE COMMODITIES AND
SUPPLIES: The community is unreachable during and
after a flood or landslides.
PSYCO-SOCIAL 1. FEARS/ANXIETY OF THE PEOPLE: There is a
EFFECT/S constant fear in people every time they hear about a bad
weather. They fear the possibility of lives and property
loss.
2. HELPLESSNESS: The residents feel hopelessness and
wait for God’s mercy.
3. CONFUSION: They are at a loss to what is happening
in their area and what proper action to take to remedy
the current situation.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What are the different problems have you identified upon reading the community
situation of Brgy. Bayalse?
2. What steps can you propose in response to the concerns you have enumerated?
3. If you are living in this community, as a student, what can you do to solve the
concerns and issues of Brngy Bayalse?
NSTP- Common Module
REFERENCES
1935/1943/1972 Philippine
Constitutions 1987 Philippine
Constitution
American Safety and Health Institute CPR, AED, Basic First Aid Student Handbook (2010)
Anderson, Benedict (1991). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and
Spread of Nationalism.
Andres, Tomas Quintin.: “And the Pinoy Manager said… „Bahala na!‟” Philippine Values
Andres, Tomas Quintin and Pilar Corazon Ilada-Andres.: Making Filipino Values Work for
You. Makati, Philippines: St. Paul Publications, 1986.
Article 4 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
Conceptual Framework of Disasters
Contingency Plan Manual Peer-Training
Module
Dangerous Drugs Boards Resolutions and
Regulations DENR Issuance
Digest. Manila, Philippines: Values and Technologies Management Centre, 1986.
Effective Discipline through Filipino Values. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc., 1996.
Field Manual 4-25.11 First Aid American Safety and Health Institute CPR, AED, Basic First
Aid Student Handbook (2010) Demonstration of the different kinds of carries
Filipino Nationalism: Various Meanings, Constant and Changing Goals, Continuing
Relevance edited by Jose B. Abueva (1999)
Human Rights. (2014). In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieve February 4,2016,
House Bill No. 4347
KARAPATAN: Alliance for the Advancement of People’s Rights. Batayang Konsepto at
Prinsipyo ng Karapatang Pantao
Kartagi, Grietje.: “Introduction to Values.” Reflections on Values. Manila, Philippines: The

Institution Building Team, 2004.
San Luis, Bel.: “Father’s Mistake- No Time”: Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila,
Philippines: The Institution Building Team, 2004.
Labuguen, et al (2012). Understanding the National Service Training Program. Malabon City:
Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
Maxwell, John C.: 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader.
MGB (Geological).
Module on Drug Education Program for the Youth, RA 9163
Module on Environmental Education EO 579 Green
Philippines Module on Leadership Training for the Youth
Orwell, George (1945). Notes on Nationalism.
PAGASA (Storm, Flood, PHIVOLCS (Earthquake, Project
NOAH) Quezon’s Code of Citizenship and Ethics of 1937
Republic Act 9513 Renewable Energy Act of 2008
Republic Act 7722 Higher Education Act of 1994Republic Act
NSTP- Common Module
9163 Revised Penal Code of the Philippines
RA 9163 and IRR
NSTP- Common Module
RA 10121 OCD-DND Issuances Strategic National Action
Plan RA 10121 and IRR.
Relevant portions of Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
The United Nations General Assembly. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The United Nations General Assembly. Covenant on Economonic, Social, Cultural
Rights Treaty of Westphalia. (1648, October 24).
Websites:
https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/CMO-No.26-s2005.pdf
https://www.mapua.edu.ph/Campus
%20life/SOCIP/Assets/CWTS/mapua- cwts1_program_module1_[ay12-
13].pdf
http://www.dictionary.com
https://www.helpguide.org/articles/healthy-living/volunteering-and-its-
surprising- benefits.htm
https://blog.prepscholar.com/what-is-community-service
https://www.fnu.edu/community-service-important/
https://www.feverbee.com/different-types-of-
communities/
https://rm.coe.int/1680746036#:~:text=For%20many%20youth%2C%20participation%20in, were
%20directly%20or%20indirectly%20affected.&text=For%20other%20young%20people
%2C%20this,from%20someone%20their%20own%20age.
https://www.ddb.gov.ph/images/downloads/Revised_PADS_as_of_Nov_9_2018.pdf
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/blog/2015/8/11/10-ways-youth-can-make-
an- impact.html
http:www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1994/05may/19940518-RA-07722-
FVR.pdf https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra19991/ra_8749_1999.html
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
https:www.official.officialgazette.gov.ph/1998/02/12/republic-act-no-8491/
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2007ra_9418_227.html
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2006/11/30/executive-order-no-579-s-2006/
https:www.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%209512.pdf
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2201/ra_9003_2001.html
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2004/ra¬_9275_2004.html
https://www.official gazette.gov.ph/1997/12/22republic-act-no-8435-s-1997/
https://www.lawphil.nt/ra2010/ra_10121 2010.html
https://www.lawphil.net/Statutes/repacts/ra2010/ra_9165_2002.html
http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-
constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-
republicof- the-philippines-article-iii/
http://www.personal.psu.edu/sam50/readings521/BA_Imagined-Communities.pdf.
NSTP- Common Module
http://www.wadem.org/guidelines/chapter_3.pdf
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights-
human/ http://gdis.denr.gov.ph/mgbviewer/
http://mgb.gov.ph
http://orwell.ru/library/essays/nationalism/english/e_nat
http://phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
http://web.pagasa.dost.gov.p
h http://noah.dost.gov.ph/
http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/41/NDRRM_Plan_2011-2028.pdf
https://is.muni.cz/el/1423/podzim2008/MVZ430/um/Treaty-of-Westphalia.pdf
http://www.unisdr.org/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf
http://www.fsi.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/2016-0714-Vol-3No-9-Deliberate-
Not- Desperate-PH-Strategy-on-WPS-Amador-Ibarra.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/rp.html)

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NSTP- Common Module

SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY

Particularly, SDSSU committed to:

MODULE I - CITIZENSHIP TRAININ

Lesson 2 - PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

Lesson 3 - UNITED NATIONS PRINCIPLES ON HUMAN RIGHTS

Lesson 4 - FLAG HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Lesson 5 - GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES (Based on 1987 Philippine

MODULE II - DRUG, ALCOHOLISM AND SMOKING

MODULE III- DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, AWARENESS

MODULE IV- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

MODULE V- NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS

This Student module is prepared as a reference to acquire quality learning despite no

Sol S. Virtudazo, Ed.D (CAR)

What do we expect from the course?

Expectation, Goal and Outcome of the Program

The salient description of NSTP-CWTS I

B. Course Name: Civic Welfare Training

LESSON 1- HISTORICAL AND LEGAL BASIS OF NSTP

Presidential Decree No. 1706, s. 1980

Republic Act 9163 Act of 2001

The Three (3) Components

ROTC CWTS LTS

Course and Section: Rating:

Instructor: Cellphone No.

Instructions: Answer the following items.

Basic Principles Underlying Our Constitution

2. Sovereignty of the people: Art. II, Sec.1

4. Duties and Responsibilities of Filipino Citizen: Article IV (Citizenship) and Article V

Course and Section: Rating:

Instructions: Answer the following items.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Article1 Right to Equality

Course and Section: Rating:

Instructions: Answer the following items.

1. Define Human Rights? (10 points)

j. Regional Directors, Superintendents, Supervisors, Principals, Teachers and other

Panunumpa ng Katapatan sa Watawat ng Pilipinas

Sec. 39It is prohibited:

Sec. 45 The Philippine National Motto.

MAKA DIYOS, MAKA-TAO,

Sec. 46. The national coa-f-arms shall have:

H. THE GREAT SEAL

Course and Section: Rating:

Instructions: Answer the following items.

What are values?

What are Filipino Values?

Understanding Filipino Values and Culture

Moral: Faith alone, without work, is useless.

b. Respect for Life

Seventy-five drafts of Thomas Gray’s poem. “Elegy written in a Country

e. Concern for the Family and Future Generations

Moral: Let there be peace on earth…and let it begin with me.

There are no half-truths or white lies…

A million lies cannot make up a single truth…

It’s easier to tell the truth than tell a lie…

You’ll know when your lies have caught up with you…

In the end, we find but a single truth about lies:

Moral: Justice is giving every man his due.

b. The Value of Equality

c. Respect for Law and Government