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Writing Skills

Introduction to course
Module I – Organizing ideas into text (1)

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Course Introduction

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Course Objectives

In this course, you will learn efficient and effective techniques


of academic writing in English In regard to:

1. Typical structure for common English essay types


2. Laying out an effective argument
3. Presenting your argument clearly
4. Elements of style

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Materials needed

Required book:
Writing in English: A Guide for Advanced Learners
SECOND Ed. (UTB 2011)
Monolingual English dictionary (of course)

Recommended books:
The Mistakes Clinic for German-Speaking Learners of English
(Englang Books 2001) -- Semesterapparat
Academic Writing: A Handbook for International Students
(Routledge 2011) – Semesterapparat

Journal: Online or On Paper?

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Course Requirements

Writing Skills is a GRADED course!

( Writing Skills + Translation ) / 2 = Modul 6 Gesamtnote

• Regular participation (9 of 11 class meetings)


• Journal writing 25%
• Academic Book Review 75%

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Moodle page

http://elearn.uni-flensburg.de/moodle/course/view.php?id=1779

Password: BLARNEY

• Slides from class


• Handouts / Assignments with answers
• Extra resources

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Regular Participation

Come to class PREPARED to:


• Review and discuss the reading assigned
• Work on exercises related to the reading
• Write journal entries, and read and comment on others’
journal entries
• Bring in your own past academic work for review and editing
practice

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Journal Writing – 25%

• Online or On Paper?
• Short weekly(?) writing assignments (graded / ungraded)
• Additional writing / commenting welcome!
• Should have time in class each week to write

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Why journal writing?

• More writing means better writing


• Better student-teacher dialogue
• Creates a feedback loop
• More creative outlet

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
The Academic Book Review – 75%

• Choose a book you are interested in reviewing


• Choose a journal in which you could theoretically publish the
review
• Get approval of book and journal (Week 5 / 06 May)
• Final review due 01 August 2013

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Semester plan
Week Date Content Week Date Content
1 08 April Module I 8 27 May Module III

2 15 April Module I 9 03 June Module IV

3 22 April Module II 10 10 June Zukunftswoche – No class

4 29 April Module II 11 17 June Editing Workshop

5 06 May Module II ** 12 24 June BA-2 Oral Exams – No class

6 13 May Module III 13 01 July Editing Workshop

7 20 May Module III 14 08 July BA-6 Oral Exams – No class

Book Review Due 1 August!

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Module I: Text organization

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
General writing strategies

1. Write in English from the start.


2. Think of your reader.
3. Do your writing in stages.
4. Reread and rewrite.
5. Revise.

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Computer Resources

MS Word
• Grammar and Spellcheck
• Thesaurus and Dictionary
• Automatic hyphenation
• Readability and Word Count

Similar in Open Office?

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Computer Resources

Online Resources:
• Dictionaries and Concordances
• Grammar and Style Guides
• Reference Management Software (Citavi)

BUT BEWARE!
• Non-academic sources
• Term papers for sale
• Plagiarism and Collusion

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
The academic term paper is…

…an argued text governed by its own set of rules for


content, length, and appearance, which is typically not
intended for publication, but rather the culmination of
your work in a course for a single term.

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Writing as a process

Plan

Write

Edit

Submit

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
The Process Wheel

Plan Write

Final? Edit

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Planning

Do all your planning in English!!

1. Generating the content


2. Grouping and selecting points
3. Establishing a perspective
4. Determining an intention
5. Dividing the material into sections
6. Entitling sections and paragraphs

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Generating the content

• What do I write about?


• Will I have enough ideas for the paper length?
• Is the topic determined by the instructor?
• What are my options?
• Overview of the field
• Comparison of opposing viewpoints
• Text or data analysis
• Historical survey
• Where do I turn?!

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
The solution lies in interaction

…with yourself
• inner dialogue, jot down ideas
…with others
• brainstorm!
…with written documents
• use background reading as a springboard
…with the internet
• Here there be dragons!

**Note also vocabulary / constructions used in your sources!

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Grouping and selecting points

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Establishing a perspective

What is your “lens” through which you approach this study?


• Theoretical or empirical?
• Qualitative or quantitative?
• Diachronic or synchronic?
• Informed by political / religious / moral beliefs or ‘objective’?

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Determining an intention

“Where do I want to get to?”


• Present one side of an argument?
• Give equal weight to both sides?
• Theory alone, or examples?
• Persuasion, or statement of facts?

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Dividing material into sections

Creating the basic framework


• How will my Introduction reflect my
perspective and my intention?
• How will my Conclusion respond to
the expectations created by my
Introduction?

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Entitling sections and paragraphs

Grouping ideas into sections


• Construct body sections around
points of high-density linkage
• Devise section headings and key
points for each component
paragraph

Length breakdown:
Introduction / Conclusion 20-25%
Body sections 75-80%

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Exercise: Planning an essay

Step 1: Analyze the question


How and why has the market for international tourism
segmented since the middle of the twentieth century? What
are the economic and social forces that have driven this
process?

• What is the question asking you to do? Note key words.

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Exercise: Planning an essay

Step 2: Brainstorm (work with a partner)


How and why has the market for international tourism
segmented since the middle of the twentieth century? What
are the economic and social forces that have driven this
process?

• Write down any ideas you may have, in any order.

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Exercise: Planning an essay

How and why:


• Package holidays make foreign holidays popular
• Internet allows travelers to plan their own holidays
• In 60s jet aircraft permit faster travel – long and short haul
• In 90s budget airlines lower costs – short breaks

Economic and political forces:


• Rising disposable incomes permit more spending on travel
• Developing countries see tourism as route to growth
• Older, retired people spend more on travel

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Exercise: Planning an essay

Step 3: Structure (2000 word essay)


How and why has the market for international tourism
segmented since the middle of the twentieth century? What
are the economic and social forces that have driven this
process?

Section Word count


Introduction
Segmentation of the market (how)
Segmentation of the market (why)

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Exercise: Planning an essay

Step 3: Structure (2000 word essay)

Section Word count


Introduction 200
Segmentation of the market (how) 300
Segmentation of the market (why) 500
Economic forces 400
Social forces 400
Conclusion 200
Total words 2000

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de
Homework

• Register for Moodle!


• Read Module I
• Journal Entry:
When I look critically at my writing in English, the one thing
that stands out to me is… (200 words max)

Michelle Smith, Lektorin | Seminar für Anglistik & Amerikanistik


Institut für Sprache, Literatur, und Medien
HG 163 | michelle.smith@uni-flensburg.de

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