PT3Form

Arab Open University

Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA)

Academic Year 2017-2018 Semester: First

Branch:Antelias Program: Business Administration/Management Track
Course Title: Organizations and People Course Code:B628
Student Name:
Student ID:151292
Rafah Abdo
Section Number:318 Tutor Name: Alfred Aosta

Questions Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Total of 100%
Allocated Marks Weight 25 25 25 25
Mark

Referencin Word E-library

Total
g Count (up to 5
Presentation (including PT3 (up to 20
Allocated Marks Criteria form) (up to 5 marks deduction)
(up to 5 (up to 5 marks
marks marks deduction marks
deduction) deduction) ) deduction)
Deductions Marks
Plagiarism
Deduction

Notes on plagiarism:
A. According to the Arab Open University By-laws, “the following acts represent cases of cheating and
Plagiarism: -
 Verbatim copying of printed material and submitting them as part of TMAs without proper academic
acknowledgement and documentation.
 Verbatim copying of material from the Internet, including tables and graphics.
 Copying other students’ notes or reports.
 Using paid or unpaid material prepared for the student by individuals or firms.
B. Penalties for plagiarism ranges from failure in the TMA to expulsion from the university.

Declaration: I hereby declare that the submitted TMA is my own work and I have not copied any other person’s
work or plagiarized in any other form as specified above.
Student Signature
Tutor’s Feedback

Tutor Name: Tutor Signature: Date returned:

 PT3Form

Question 1 :

Every day we hear those two words ( data and information ) what is the difference
between them ? data consists of disconnected numbers , words , symbols and it requires some analysis
and interpretation to be able to use in efficient way while , the information is data has been interrupted
in order to communicate with receiver to understand what do we want . in this essay I will talk about
the main categories of information needed in the organization I work at which is McDonald’s .there are
many types of information that the organization will need for example , information from the top level
executives like ( objectives , strategies , plans ) in my company the ceo and the operation managers they
communicate the targets and objective’s to the restaurants managers .also , we have another type of
information related to standards and quality in McDonalds company the standards and the quality are
common with all restaurant’s in the world and they have a university in Dubai and in London called HU(
hamburger university ) teaches the operations process and the main procedures to reach the targeted
standards and quality . every company should have information system in their daily tasks and routines
to reach its objectives in a perfect and an inefficient way in McDonald’s the company uses the payroll
system it is one of the best management information system because it saved the time and it is very
specific and accurate and it does many tasks in the same time and it communicates all the departments
with each other and by applying this system there is no need to collect data and interpret it because
the software will collect them and interpret them in a fast and accurate way . however , this system to
work perfectly it needs transformed resources and transforming resources in order to produce output
that what is called by input output transformation model in my case study McDonald’s uses software
called ( NP6 ) related to another system called (SMS ) to interpret the data to produce well analyzed and
organized information to be ready to produce reports by NP6 and those reports will be sent to the
wanted department that needs this information .

Question 2 :

In our days having a lot of information is a good things but you have to know how to
communicate this information in a right way and with the right person to reach your goals and in the
recent years( KORZYBASKI ,1958) the demand on the developing a new process of communication have
been increased and this essay I will talk about the most effective communication process and what is the
most effective channel to secure the smooth running of exchange information . the Targowski / Bowman
launched a new communication process model in this model they talked about the things and concepts
that far been ignored in the previous research and they high light on the concept of management the
information sent and received and the role of the human interaction and knowledge of people and the
 PT3Form

amount of resources available within the organization and this model depends of four main categories
to work perfectly which are the information steering process , the decision making process , the
behavior process and the business communication process . each of these component have its role to
reach the perfect and effectiveness process of communications in our case study MacDonald’s company
communication works in two directions . Firstly , the restaurants manager makes reports and they
communicate them with the decision makers in the firm through channels of communication which are
the computers and the emails and the software then the decision makers analyzed the reports and
study them in order to take the specific decision and to identify the monthly targets and then the
decision makers send the decision and the information back to the restaurants manager whom they
works on the floor to apply these decision .on the other hand , when there is a new information or
suddenly events the company communicate with the restaurants managers through emails and
communicate with them to keep them updated with every things and then the restaurants managers
sent their feed back to the decision makers through the same channel and here we have to high light the
importance of channel of communication because if the channel is effective and works perfectly it will
secure the smooth running of information exchange because we are living in the era of speed and
technology and one of the main reason of miscommunication is the bad channel of communication
because if the information transferred to the receiver not correct there would be a gap in the flow of
communication and mistakes will be happened in the work place and here so we have to be aware of
the channel of communication and check it when the situation is need and we have to stay updated with
the best technology and this leads to best outcomes and results in the workplace and it will consumes
the financial and human resources and it will save the time in order to achieve the organization goals in
effectiveness and in an efficient way .

Question 3 :

Does the financial resources and the technical resources can achieve the success of
organization alone ? the answer of course no. without the existing of skilled and well trained employee
the company will not achieve any of its targets and the science that study the affairs of the employee
called (HRM) human resources management and the human resource department function have very
important impact on the organizational performance (AKHTAR ,DINY ,GE , 2008 ) and there is a strategic
relationship between human resources department and organizational performance (Akhtar et al .
2008 : Gurbuz & Mert , 2011 : Huselid , 2011 ) and Human resource management was established in
1920 ( Lengnick Hall , 2009 ) by a group of visionary American business owners and the reason of the
appearance of HRM was the need to replace the traditional control system with system which included
the employee and their opinions and experience . in addition to , the human resources department does
a lot of activities in the company which are the attracting , recruiting ,selecting ,and training and
developing of the employees properly . in my case study McDonald’s company firms very interested in
the human resources management because they focused in their business on satisficing the customer
and this process should be achieved by attracting the people to apply . the majority of McDonald’s staff
 PT3Form

are from the youth and this category and they interested in working at McDonald’s because of its
flexibility in working hours for example you can work at McDonald’s one day per week and the people
whom want to work at McDonald’s you can applying and if the store need employee the manager will
send his /her application to the HR department and they will call the applicants and they ask him to visit
them in order to make the oral interview with the HR manager and when the employee starts working
the training manager in the store will train the employee on every station in the store then the
employee starts applying the procedure and the rules in addition to , McDonald’s company are very
interested in the training and development and as I talked before they have specialized university in
London and Dubai however , McDonald’s company depends very much on internal recruiting related to
the position structure that the HR manager plan and McDonald’s invests very much in training and
development and they work on the knowledge of their employee’s in order to increase their
performance and then the firm could build wide staff of skilled employee whom able to fulfill positions
when the situation needs . to sum up , we conclude to Robert kyosaki " confidence comes from training
and discipline " .

Question 4 :

In organization the people in some positions should have leadership and management skills
although , the two concepts should exist together but , there is difference between them . the
leadership is about setting course of action whereas management is how to achieve this actions
however the concepts of the leadership and management have been defined by many writers and
authors each of them based on his /her perspective for example fulop argued that the " leadership Is
widely regarded as a central determinant of organizational performance but it is a difficult concept to
pin down " and there theory said that the leader are born not to made that’s mean that leader cant be
become by training and development and experience this theory called ( trait theory ) regardless of all
the theories every firm and organization has its special style of leadership and management because
every firm has different people and different structure for example , in my case study McDonald’s
company doesn’t depend on the trait theory of leadership because the firm makes its leaders by
training and development in McDonald’s the employee receives a training courses of how to be affective
leader after passing 7 months in firm and theses training courses includes very important concepts like
communication , negotiation , feedback and motivation skills and how to deal with the others and
McDonald’s focus on the team work in all the processes and that’s makes all the employee feel valued
the respected and well-motivated to achieve the firms goals and objectives which are quality , service ,
cleanness and in McDonald’s the mangers are the leaders. in every store the tasks distributed between
the mangers and the shop manager is responsible for follow up the managers and controlling of process
implementation in order to discover any gap or mistakes in the early stages to avoid any late and
shortage and the employee also help the manager in achieving the targets and the manager gave them
small tasks in order to train of how to be a successive manger in the future. this system increased the
value of team work between the colleague’s this system is important and successive but not in all the
 PT3Form

situation and condition because the employee vary with their knowledge and ability to understand and
to learn because they came from different society and different level of education so that the leadership
system may be faces some problem in depending 100% ON training people . in my opinion the firm
should requite leaders from outside the company when the situation is needs . Ralph marston " being
positive in the negative situation is not native its leadership " from theses quote of Ralph masrton we
can conclude that the leader or the manger cant adopt one style of leadership in the all situations and
condition and the manger should have skills and the ability to analyze the situation and the ability to
change his /her style of leadership in order to deal with the problem In a perfect way to achieve the
firm goals and targets .

List of references:
_1 Lucey, T. (1991) Management information systems, DP publications, London.

_2 Fiedler, F, E. (1967) A theory of leadership effectiveness, New York, McGraw – Hill

_3 Targowski, A, & Bowman, J 1988, 'THE LAYER-BASED, PRAGMATIC MODEL OF THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS', Journal Of Business Communication, 25, 1, pp. 5-24, Business Source Ultimate, EBSCOhost,
viewed 24 November 2017

_4 TORP, A, ALBULESCU, S, & PURCAREA, A 2015, 'HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & COMPANY
PERFORMANCE: WHAT DO WE ACTUALLY KNOW?', SEA: Practical Application Of Science, 3, 2, pp. 13-18,
Academic Search Ultimate, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 November 2017

_5 Xiaoling, W, Yunzhang, H, & Cullinane, N 2015, 'HOW DOES THE HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT'S
CLIENT RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN CHINA?
MEDIATE EFFECT OF HUMAN CAPITAL', South African Journal Of Economic & Management Sciences, 18,
3, pp. 291-307, Business Source Ultimate, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 November 2017.

_6 LIM AI HONG1, 2, & KANGASLAHTI, J 2017, 'EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND THE
PHENOMENON OF MANAGERIALISM', Euromentor, 8, 2, pp. 11-20, Education Source, EBSCOhost,
viewed 28 November 2017.