Department of Mechatronics Engineering

UET Peshawar

LAB No 05

MECHANICS OF MATERIAL
Submitted By :

SHAH ZEB AKHTAR

Registration No :

18PWMCT0629

Class Section :

Submitted to :

ENGR WAHAD UR REHMAN

July 25, 2020
Compression Test of Mild steel through Universal Testing Machine

Apparatus:

 Vernier Caliper.
 Screw Gauge.
 UTM (Virtual Lab)
 Compressometer.
 MATLAB
Objective:

 Learn about the mechanical properties of Mild steel using Compression test.
 And To learn about Compression and its types.
 To compare properties of different materials by Compression test.

METHADOLOGY
In compression test the material experiences opposing forces that push inward upon the
specimen from opposite sides or is otherwise compressed, squashed, crushed, or flattened. The
test sample is generally placed in between two hard metal bearing blocks that distribute the
applied load across the entire surface area of two opposite faces of the test sample and then the
plates are pushed together by a universal testing machine causing the sample to flatten. A sample
will get shortened in the direction of the applied forces and expands in the direction
perpendicular to the force.
 Fig 01

Certain materials subjected to a compressive force show initially a linear relationship between
stress and strain.
The Hooke's Law states that,
E = Stress(s)/Strain(e)
Where E is Young's modulus. This value represents how much the material will deform under
applied compressive loading before plastic deformation occurs. A material's ability to return to
its original shape after deformation has occurred is referred to as its elasticity. At certain force
the permanent or plastic deformation will occur, this is known as proportional limit. At this point
the linear behaviour of graph stops. The force at which the material begins exhibiting this
behaviour is called the yield point or yield strength. A specimen will then exhibit one of two
types of behaviour, either it will continue to deform until it eventually breaks or it will distort
until flat. In either case a maximum stress or force will be evident providing its ultimate
compressive strength value.

Modes of deformation in compression testing:

The figure below illustrates the different modes of failure in compression testing.

 when L/D > 5,Buckling

 when L/D > 2.5, Shearing

  when L/D > 2.0 and friction is present at the contact surfaces,Double barrelling

 when L/D < 2.0 and friction is present at the contact surfaces, Barrelling

 when L/D < 2.0 and no friction is present at the contact surfaces, Homogenous

compression.

 Compressive instability due to work-softening material.

Failure patterns:

Ductile material will have proportional limit in compression very close to those in tension. The
initial regions of their compression stress strain diagram are very similar to tension diagrams.
When a mild steel specimen is compressed, it begins to bulge outward on the sides and become
barrel shaped. With increasing load the specimen is flattened out, thus offering increased
resistance to further shortening.

Procedure (Step by Step on Virtual lab):

COMPRESSION TEST ON MILD STEEL
Apparatus
Universal testing machine ,dial indicators ,scale and vernier calipers.
Objective
To study the mechanical properties of Mild steel specimen under compression.

COMPRESSION TEST ON CAST IRON

Step 1

Measuring the diameter of test sample using vernier caliper and calculate moment of inertia
COMPRESSION TEST ON MILD STEEL
Step 02
Measuring the length of specimen.

COMPRESSION TEST ON MILD STEEL

Step 03
Sample is placed in UTM.

Data
Load in KN Dial Gauge Reading in div
Load in KN Dial Gauge Reading in div
0 0
400 2
800 4
1200 5
1600 7
2000 9
2400 11
2800 13
3200 15
3600 16
4000 18
4400 21
4800 25
5200 32
5600 40
6000 49
6400 63
6800 82
7200 99
7600 108
8000 124
8400 134
8800 146
9200 155
9600 168
10000 179
11000 209
12000 248
13000 293
14000 340
15000 392
16000 449
17000 514
18000 579
19000 649
20000 715
21000 794
22000 866
23000 945
24000 1020
25000 1095
26000 1170
27000 1244
COMPRESSION TEST ON MILD STEEL
Step 05
Graph
COMPRESSION TEST ON MILD STEEL
Step 05
STEP 06 OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS
COMPRESSION TEST ON MILD STEEL
STEP 06 OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS