DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GATE 2020 FN ANSWER KEY

Q.No 21: A body floating in a liquid in a stable state of equilibrium if its

(A) centre of gravity is below its centre of buoyancy

(B) metacentre lies below its centre of gravity
(C) metacentre coincides with its centre of gravity
(D) metacentre lies above its centre of gravity
Answer: metacentre lies above its centre of gravity

Q.No. 22: Uniform flow with velocity U makes an angle θ with the y-axis, as shown in the
figure: The velocity potential (ϕ), is

(a) ±U (x sinθ – y cosθ)

(b) ±U (y sinθ + x cosθ)
(c) ±U (y sinθ – x cosθ)
(d) ±U (x sinθ + y cosθ)
Answer: ±U (x sinθ + y cosθ)
Velocity in x-depth, ux = u sinθ
Velocity in y-depth, uy = u cosθ
- ∂φ / ∂x = ux
Integrating it φ = –uxx + f(y) + c
= –(u sinθ) x + f(y) + c ...(i)
-∂φ /∂y = uy
Integrating it φ = –u y y + f(x) + c
= –(u cosθ) y + f(x) + c ...(ii)
By equation (i) and (ii) φ = − u (x sinθ + y cosθ)
If we take ∂φ /∂x = ux and ∂φ /∂y = uy
Then φ = u (x sinθ + y cosθ)
 So, φ = ±U (x sinθ + y cosθ)

Q.No. 24: Velocity of flow is proportional to the first power of hydraulic gradient in
Darcy’s law. This law is applicable to

(A) laminar as well as turbulent flow in porous media

(B) transitional flow in porous media
(C) laminar flow in porous media
(D) turbulent flow in porous media
Answer: laminar flow in porous media

Q.No.48: Three reservoir P, Q and R are interconnected by pipes as shown in the figure
(not drawn to the scale). Piezometric head at the junction S of the pipes is 100 m. Assume
acceleration due to gravity as 9.81 m/s2 and density of water as 1000 kg/m3 . The length of
the pipe from junction S to the inlet of reservoir R is 180 m.

Apply continuity equation

Q3 = Q1 + Q2 = A1V1 + A2V2
= 0.3209 m3/s
Apply energy eq. between (S) and (R)
Hs = Hr + hf
= 97.51 m

Q.No.50 : A circular water tank of 2 m diameter has a circular orifice of diameter 0.1 m at
the bottom. Water enters the tank steadly at a flow rate of 20 litre/ s and escapes through
the orifice. The coefficient of discharge of the orifice is 0.8. Consider the acceleration due to
gravity as 9.81 m/s 2 and neglect frictional losses. The height of the water level (in m, round
off to two decimal places) in the tank at the steady state, is _______

Assume H is the level of weter in the tank in steady condition.

For steady water level in the tank

Discharge through orifice = Water enters in the tank

cd a √2gH = 20 × 10–3

0.8 a√2gH = 0.02

= 0.5164 m
 GATE 2020 AN- FLUID MECHANICS

Q.No.20: The velocity components in the x and y directions for an incompressible flow are
given as u = (–5 + 6x) and v = –(9 + 6y), respectively. The equation of the streamline is

Equation of streamline
dx/u=dy/v
dx/(–5 + 6x)= dy/–(9 + 6y),
Integrating it, (–5 + 6x)(9 + 6y) = constant
u.v = constant
Answer : (–5 + 6x)(9 + 6y) = constant

Q.No 39: Acast iron pipe of diameter 600 mm and length 400 m carries water from a tank
and discharges freely into air at a point 4.5 m below the water surface in the tank. The
friction factor of the pipe is 0.018. Consider acceleration due to gravity as 9.81 m/s2. The
velocity of the flow in pipe (in m/s, round off to two decimal places) is _________

Apply energy equation between (1) and (2)

P1/ ρg +v12 /2g+z1 = P2/ ρg +v22 /2g+z2 +hf

4.5= flv2/2gD+0.5 v2 /2g+ v2 /2g

V2 = 6.54 V

V= 2.557 m/s = 2.56m/s

Q.No 26:
 GATE 2019 AN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics

1. The velocity field in a flow system is given by v = 2i + (x+ y) j xyz k. The acceleration of
the fluid at (1, 1, 2) is
(A) j + k
(B) 2i + 10 k
(C) 4j + 10k
(D) 4i + 12 k

2. Two identical pipes (i.e. having the same length, same diameter, and same roughness) are
used to withdraw water from a reservoir. In the first case, they are attached in series and
also discharge freely into the atmosphere. In the second case, they are attached in parallel
and friction factor is same in both the cases, the ratio of the discharge in the parallel
arrangement to that in the series arrangement (round off to 2 decimal places) is _____
 GATE 2019 FN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics
2.
3.
 GATE 2018 FN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics

1. A 1:50 model of a spillway is to be tested in the laboratory. The discharge in the

prototype spillway is 1000m3 /s. The corresponding discharge (in m3 /s, up to two
decimal places) to be maintained in the model, neglecting variation in acceleration due to
gravity, is ________.

2. A flow field is given by u=y2 , v=-xy, w=0. Value of the z component of the angular
velocity (in radians per unit time, up to two decimal places at the point (0,-1, 1) is _____

3. Bernoulli‟s
equation is
applicable for

(A) viscous and compressible fluid flow

 (B) Inviscid and compressible fluid flow

(C) Inviscid and incompressible fluid flow

(D) viscous and incompressible fluid flow.

Key: (C)
Exp: Bernoulli‟s equation is applicable for ideal fluids i.e for inviscid & incompressible
fluid flow

GATE 2018 AN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics

1.
2.

GATE 2017 FN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics

1. Water is pumped at a steady uniform flow rate of 0.01 m3 /s through a horizontal smooth
circular pipe of 100 mm diameter. Given that the Reynolds number is 800 and g is 9.81
 m /s2 , the head loss (in meters, up to one decimal place) per km length due to friction
would be____

2.

GATE 2017 AN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics

1. For a steady incompressible laminar flow between two infinite parallel stationary plates,
the shear stress variation is
 (A) linear with zero value at the plates

(B) linear with zero value at the center

(C) quadratic with zero value at the Plates

(D) quadratic with zero value at the centre

GATE 2016 FN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics
1.

GATE 2015 FN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics
1.

2.

GATE 2015 AN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics
1. For steady incompressible flow through a closed-conduit of uniform cross-section, the
direction of flow will always be:
(A) from higher to lower elevation
(B) from higher to lower pressure
(C) from higher to lower velocity
(D) from higher to lower piezometric head
Answer: (B)
2.

3. Two reservoirs are connected through a 930 m long, 0.3 m diameter pipe, which has a
gate valve. The pipe entrances is sharp (loss coefficient = 0.5) and the valve is half-open
(loss coefficient = 5.5). The head difference between the two reservoirs is 20 m. Assume
the friction factor for the pipe as 0.03 and g = 10 m/s 2 . The discharge in the pipe
accounting for all minor and major losses is _________ m3 /s.
 GATE 2014 FN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics

1. An incompressible homogeneous fluid is flowing steadily in a variable diameter pipe

having the large and small diameters as 15 cm and 5 cm, respectively. If the velocity at a
section at the 15 cm diameter portion of the pipe is 2.5 m/s, the velocity of the fluid (in
m/s) at a section falling in 5 cm portion of the pipe is __________
2. A conventional flow duration curve is a plot between
(A) Flow and percentage time flow is exceeded
(B) Duration of flooding and ground level elevation
(C) Duration of water supply in a city and proportion of area receiving supply exceeding
this duration
(D) Flow rate and duration of time taken to empty a reservoir at that flow rate

3. A venturimeter, having a diameter of 7.5 cm at the throat and 15 cm at the enlarged end,
is installed in a horizontal pipeline of 15 cm diameter. The pipe carries an incompressible
fluid at a steady rate of 30 litres per second. The difference of pressure head measured in
terms of the moving fluid in between the enlarged and the throat of the venturimeter is
observed to be 2.45 m. Taking the acceleration due to gravity as 9.81 m/s2 , the
coefficient of discharge of the venturimeter (correct up to two places of decimal) is
____________
 GATE 2014 AN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics

1. A venturimeter having a throat diameter of 0.1 m is used to estimate the flow rate of a
horizontal pipe having a diameter of 0.2 m. For an observed pressure difference of 2 m of
water head and coefficient of discharge equal to unity, assuming that the energy losses
are negligible, the flow rate (in m3 /s) through the pipe is approximately equal to
(A) 0.500
(B) 0.150
(C) 0.050
(D) 0.015

GATE 2013 FN ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics

1.
 2.

3.
 GATE 2012 ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics

1.

GATE 2011 ANSWER KEY

 1. For a body completely submerged in a fluid, the centre of gravity(G) and centre of Buoyancy
(O) are known. The body is considered to be in stable equilibrium if
(A) O does not coincide with the centre of mass of the displace fluid
(B) G coincide with the centre of mass of the displaced fluid
   (C) O lies below G
   (D) O lies above G

Answer : (D) O lies above G

2. A single pipe of length 1500 m and diameter 60 cm connects two reservoirs having a
difference of 20 m in their water levels. The pipe is to be replaced by two pipes of the same
length and equal diameter d to convey 25% more discharge under the same head loss. If the
friction factor is assumed to be the same for all the pipes, the value of d is approximately equal to
which of the following options?

(A)  37.5 cm   
(B)  40.0 cm   

 (C)  45.0 cm   
  (D)  50.0 cm   
Answer : (D)  50.0 cm   

GATE 2010 ANSWER KEY

Fluid Mechanics

2.
 Solution:C

GATE 2009 ANSWER KEY

1. Water flows through a 100mm diameter pipe with a velocity of 0.015m/sec. If the
kinematic viscosity of water is 1.13 x10-6 m 2 / sec the friction factor of the pipe material
is
(A) 0.0015
(B) 0.032
(C) 0.037
(D) 0.048

Solution: (D) 0.048

2. Water γ = w 9.879kN /m flows with a flow rate of 0.3m 3 /sec through a pipe AB of 10m
length and of uniform cross section. The end ‘B’ is above end ‘A’ and the pipe makes an
angle of 30º to the horizontal. For a pressure of 12kN/m2 at the end ‘B’, the
corresponding pressure at the end ‘A’ is
(A) 12.0kN/m2
(B) 17.0kN/m2
(C) 56.4kN/m2
(D) 61.4kN/m2
Solution: (D) :61.4kN/m2
 GATE 2008 ANSWER KEY

1. The flow of water (mass density = 1000 kg/m 3 and kinematic viscosity = 10-6 m2/s) in a
commercial  pipe, having equivalent roughness ks as 0.12 mm, yields an average shear stress at
the pipe boundary = 600 N/m2. The value of ks/δ′ (δ′ being the thickness of laminar sub-layer)
for this pipe is

(A)  0.25   

(B)  0.50   

(C)  6.0   

(D)  8.0 

Answer : (D)  8.0 

2. A river reach of 2.0 km long with maximum flood discharge of 10000 m 3/s is to be physically
modeled in the laboratory where maximum available discharge is 0.20 m 3/s. For a geometrically
similar model based on equality of Froude number, the length of the river reach (m) in the model
is

(A)  26.4   

(B)  25.0   

(C)  20.5   

(D)  18.0   

Answer: (A) 26.4

 GATE 2007 ANSWER KEY

1. At two points 1 and 2 in a pipeline the velocities are V and 2V, respectively. Both the points
are at the same elevation. Both the points are at the same elevation. The fluid density is ρ. The
flow can be assumed to be in compressible, inviscid, steady and irrotational. The difference in
pressures P1 and P2 at points 1 and 2 is

(A) 0.5ρV2 (B) 1.5ρV2 (C) 2ρ V2 (D) 3ρV2

Solution: B

Let V1=V V2= 2V density=ρ

ρV2/2+P1=ρ2v2/2+P2

P1-P2= 1.5ρV2

2.

Solution: D

dvi/dx=5y

dvj/dy=4y

dvk/dz=6yz

hence V=15

3.

Solution: A

4.
Solution: A

Qm=QpQr

Qr=ArVr=Lr5/2

Qm= 1000 Lr5/2

Qm=0.57

5.

Solution: C

Viscosity= ∆PxD2/(32VL)

And V=Q/A= 4074mm/s

Viscosity= 0.0092ns/m2
 GATE 2006 ANSWER KEY

1.

Solution: B

X=kt2

x/(x+1)= K22/K32

x/(x+1)= 0.48, X=0.78

2.

Solution: B

3.

Solution: C
VL/v=1

L3/2 =Viscosity of Glycerin/ viscosity of water=5

L= 63

4.

Solution : B & D
 GATE 2005 ANSWER KEY

1. The reading of differential manometer of a Venturimeter, placed at 45º to the horizontal

is 11cm. If the Ventruimeter is turned to horizontal position, the manometer reading will
be
(A) zero (B) 11 cm/✓2 (C) 11cm (D) 11✓ 2 cm
Solution: C
The reading of differential manometer of a venturimeter is independent of angle of
inclination of venturimeter
2.

3.
 GATE 2004 ANSWER KEY

1.

Solution: B

P=100Sin0qw

=100sin30x0.86=43 mm
2.

Solution: D

du/dx+dv/dy=0

u=1.5 x

differentiate this du/dx=1.5

dv/dy=-1.5

integrate it v=-1.5

Solution: D

A=2W/Cpv2 =
1.078m2

4.
Solution: C
5.

Solution: D
A= axi+ayj= 6i+6j

A= 8.48

6.
Solution: A

The submerged weight of the plate is = CDpAv2/2=0.0115N

7.
Solution: B

Q=AV

H=(V2/2g) (1+fL/d)

V=3.30m/s

Q=AV= 0.0079x3.30 = 24lit/sec

8.

Solution: C

9.

Solution: A

Slope=dy/dx= 3/2

2dy=3dx

3dx-2dy=0

GATE 2003 ANSWER KEY

 1.

Solution: c

2.

Solution: D
 3.

Solution: B

Qm=Qp+Lr 2.5

10000+ (1/100) 2.5 = 0.100 m3/s

4.

Solution: A

5.
.

Solution:C
 GATE 2002 ANSWER KEY

1.

Solution: C

u = um 1.5 y/

K=1.5
 GATE 2001 ANSWER KEY

1.

Solution: a

2.

Solution: a

3.

Solution: d

QR=Lr2.5

QR = 502.5 = 5303
 GATE 2000 ANSWER KEY

1.

Solution:a

GATE 1999 ANSWER KEY

1.

Solution:D
 GATE 1998 ANSWER KEY

Solution:
b

2.

Solution : b

3.
Solution: b

Using bernoulli’s equation for section 1 & 2

Total energy at sec 1=Total energy at sec 2

(P1/w)+ (V12/ 2g)+ Z1=(P2/w)+ (V22/ 2g)+ Z2

Difference in pressure between nose and the point is 10,000 N/m2

GATE 1997 ANSWER KEY

1.

Solution : Ns/m2

2.

Solution : The liquid pressure increases linearly with depth

3.

Solution: d

4.
 Solution: 2.00

5.

Solution: A family of circles

6.

Solution : C
7.
Solution: a