LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS/APPROACHES - SUMMARY CHART

Method/Approach Language/Culture Language Learning Language Teaching

Grammar-Translation Literary language. Exercise mental muscle Have students translate from TL
Culture: literatura & fine texts to native language
arts.
Direct Method Everyday spoken Associate meaning with Use spoken language in
language the TL directly situations with no native-
Culture: history, language translation
geography, everyday life
of TL speakers
Audio-Lingual Method Sentence and sound Overcome native Conduct oral/aural drills and
patterns language habits forming pattern practice
new TL habits
Cognitive Code Grammar Rules Form and test hypotheses Do inductive/deductive
Approach to discover & acquire TL grammar exercises
rules
Silent Way Unique spirit/melody Develop inner criteria for Remain silent in order to
correctness by becoming subordinate teaching to
aware of how the TL learning. Focus student
works attention; provide meaningful
practice.
Desuggestopedia Whole, meaningful texts; Overcome psychological Desuggest limitations: teach
vocabulary emphasized barriers to learning lengthy dialogs through musical
accompaniment, playful
practice, and the arts

Community Language Student generated Learn nondefensively as Include the elements of

Learning whole persons, following security, attention, aggression,
developmental stages reflection, retention,
discrimination

Comprehension Vehicle for Listen; associate meaning Delay speaking until students
approach: Natural communicating meaning; with TL directly are ready; make meaning clear
Approach, the vocabulary emphasized through actions and visuals
Learnables and Total
Physical Response

Communicative Communicative Interact with others in Use information gaps, role

Language Teaching competence the TL; negotiate plays, games
Notions/Functions meaning
Authentic discourse
Content-based, Task- Medium for Attend to what is being Engage students in learning
based, and doing/learning communicated, not the other subject matter, tasks, or
Participatory language itself, except in problem-solving around
Approaches when form focused issues in their lives

Learning Strategy Learn how to learn Teach learning strategies,

Training, Cooperative cooperation; use a variety of
Learning, and Multiple activities that appeal to
Intelligences different intelligences