Media and Information Literacy - Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 1 - Module 1: Introduction to Media and Information Literacy
First Edition, 2020

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 Senior High School

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Introduction to Media and and
Information Literacy

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ...................................................................................................I

What I Need to Know............................................................................................................I
How to Learn from this Module............................................................................................II
Icons of this Module.............................................................................................................II

What I Know .......................................................................................................................III

Lesson 1:
Introduction to Media and Information Literacy .......................1
What I Need to Know ...................................................................................1
What’s New: Different Kinds of Media ..........................................................2
What Is It ......................................................................................................3
What’s More: Identification of the Use of Media ...........................................3
What Is It: Definition of Terms ......................................................................4
What’s More: Case Analysis.........................................................................5
What’s New: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences...............6
What I Have Learned: Synthesizing your Learning ......................................7
What I Can Do: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites .......................................8

Lesson 2:
Information Literacy ....................................................................9
What’s In ......................................................................................................9
What I Need to Know ...................................................................................9
What’s New: Situational Simulation............................................................10
What Is It: Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy .................................10
What’s More: Social Media Scenario .........................................................11
What I Have Learned: Information Ethics...................................................12
What I Can Do: Detecting Fake News Online ............................................13

Summary ...........................................................................................................................14
Assessment: (Post-Test)....................................................................................................15
Key to Answers ..................................................................................................................16
References ........................................................................................................................20
What This Module is About
Welcome to the 21st Century Society!
We live in a world where the quality of information we receive largely determines
our choices and ensuing actions, including our capacity to enjoy fundamental freedoms and
the ability for self-determination and development. Driven by technological improvements in
telecommunications, there is also a proliferation of media and other information providers
through which vast amounts of information and knowledge are accessed and shared by
citizens (Karklins, J., UNESCO).
This Module is an introductory part for the subject in Media and Information Literacy,
which will pave the way towards more meaningful discussions and interactions. This is aimed
in introducing the concept of Media and Information Literacy to Senior High School learners,
as solid ground for college readiness. Basic concepts and terminologies will be presented as
we go along the module.
Together, let us scan the next few pages of this module in order for us to be fully
equipped and to be media and information literate individual. There are several standard
symbols (icons) used as you go about in the completion of this module. For instance, a hand
cupped with a sprout represents an activity that introduces you to a new lesson or concept.
This is reinforced with the magnifying glass icon that discusses the activity as a part of the
lesson, enabling you to discover and understand the totality of the lesson. Highlighting each
lesson is your application of learning, an activity that shall transfer the skills and knowledge
gained into your real life situations, symbolized with a nut and wrench tandem.
This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School
student to not just be an information literate individual, but a creative and critical thinker as
well as responsible user and competent producer of media and information.
The following are the lessons contained in this module:
1. Introduction to Media and Information Literacy;
2. Information Literacy.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Describe how much media and information affect communication (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-1);
2. Identify the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and
technology literacy (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-2);
3. Editorializes the value of being a media and information literate individual. (MIL11/12IMIL-
IIIa-3);
4. Identifies characteristics /describes a responsible user and competent producers of
media and information (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-3);
5. Share one’s media habits, lifestyles and preferences (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-4);
6. Define information needs; can locate, access, assess, organize, and communicate
information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-8);
7. Demonstrate ethical use of information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-9).

I
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior relatedt
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

II
 What I Know

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. This type of literacy identifies what the information is for, where to find it, and how to
evaluate it.
A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy
C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above

2. The medium of communication that requires face to face interaction using one’s voice
as the tool to deliver the message.
A. Digital/ Interactive Communication B. Conversation
C. Public Speaking D. Digital Art

3. The following are possible sources of information, EXCEPT:

A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Printer D. Smartphones

4. Which of the following is an example of technology used as a medium of communication?

A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Laptop computers D. Smartphones

5. An information literate person should first understand the situation or problem to figure
out the what specific type of information he or she needed.
A. True B. False
C. Maybe D. Neither True or False

6. It is defined as the as the imparting and exchanging of information or news.

A. Communication B. Public Speaking
C. Media D. Information Sources

7. Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-package information contained

in product packaging are example of what medium of communication?
A. Visual Art B. Physical Medium
C. Digital/ Interactive D. Documents/ Letters

8. This refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and

their intended audience.
A. Communication B. Public Speaking
C. Media D. Information Sources

9. This is considered the oldest form of Media

A. Print B. Visual Art
C. Physical Medium D. Digital/ Interactive

10. It is the ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly,
appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.
A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy
C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above

III
 Lesson
Introduction to Media and
1 Information Literacy

What I Need to Know

In this fast-paced, technology-driven time, we are bombarded with various information

here and there, in the convenience of a click, right in the comforts of our very own homes. Being
Senior High School students, you are expected to be literate, not just in terms of numbers and
letters, but to be able to fully grasp up to what extent information may be used and distributed.
But first, we need to take a close look at the ways by which we use, and eventually
distribute information. Hence, we will look into communication and its medium. Take a look at
the picture below.

Photo Credit: https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

The picture above depicts how each individual communicate at different levels, at
different forms. Each one of us has a personal concept of communication. Communication
is broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging of information or news (Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communication on October 31, 2018).

1
 In order to communicate, we use different medium of communication to carry out the
message we want to convey. There are various outlets that we can use in order to deliver our
message. Few of the examples are listed below.

Table 1. Examples of Communication Medium

Communication Medium How it Works
Person to person interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
Conversation
deliver the message.
One to many interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
Public Speaking deliver the message to a large number of people, at any
given time.
Written messages in whatever form, usually on paper and
Documents/ Letters/ Mails
print.
Messages rendered in the form of paintings, drawings,
Visual Art photography, videos, images, and the like, that conveys
specific emotion, idea or thought.
Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-
Physical Medium package information contained in product packaging, and
the like.
Digital and electronic means to convey messages such as
Digital/ Interactive website or computer application, primarily by the use of
internet.
How about you, can you add more to the list?
With the concept of communication defined above, how then can media affect
communication? But, before we discuss further on that, we will contextualize media, as it is
used in your daily lives and routine as students.

What’s New

Table 2. Different Kinds of Media Used Daily

Activity 1: Different kinds of media
Media Used
With communicating, we make use
of different channels so as to convey and/or 1. Cellular Mobile Phones
exchange information. Imagine a typical day 2.
in your life as a Senior High School Student. 3.
Identify and list down ten (10) different kinds 4.
of media that you use in order to communicate
5.
information. The first one is done for you.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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 What Is It

As you may have written from the list above, Media is commonly synonymous with
technology. So, what is Media anyway?
Media refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and
their intended audience. Television, radio, newspapers and the internet are different types of
Media. One of the oldest forms of media is print. Thanks to the ever changing technology,
our exposure to media is almost nonstop. Media shapes our perceptions of what is real. It
surrounds us in the forms of billboards, signage, and even the clothes you wear. We have
radio, television, computers, and smartphones. We have the internet, online video channels,
and all sorts of social media. So stop and look around, media is everywhere, and it’s not going
away anytime soon. Learn about it, understand it, so that you may be media-smart. (YouTube
Channel MediaSmarts retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw)
Simply put, media are the things or gadgets that we use in order to convey the details
of the information that we want to impart or communicate to people, and the society in general.
Example, if you want to notify your classmate of a meeting organized by a club you joined,
how will you go about communicating the information? Will you send text messages through
your cellular phone? Or maybe send a private message through social media? Or write it down
on a paper, and hang it on visible places around the campus? Whichever way, you must use
a medium to communicate the information. Hence, communication and media are directly
interrelated, such that media serves as a platform by which one can meaningfully express and
communicate oneself.
Furthermore, a specific media (thing/ gadget) can either be a Source of Information, a
Medium of Communication, or both. A media is considered a source of information if the use
of the media provides knowledge and information about something, while a media used as a
channel to convey information is considered a medium of communication. A media can also be
simultaneously used both as a source and a medium of information. To give you more of this
concept, you may answer the activity below.

What’s More

Table 3. Identification of Media and its Use

Activity 2: Identification Media Used Use of Media

of the Uses of Media 1. Cellular Mobile Phones (B) Medium of Communication
From the list that 2.
you have identified from 3.
Activity 1, identify the 4.
use of the specific media 5.
listed if it is (A) Source of
6.
Information, (B) Medium
of Communication, or (C) 7.
Both. The first one is done 8.
for you. 9.
10.
3
 What Is It

From the example done for you, a Cellular Mobile Phone with simple call and text
features is an example of a medium of communication, because it allows you to communicate
and reach out to others. However, Smart Phones which are types of mobile phones having the
multi-purpose features of communication, multimedia functionality, wireless communication
like Bluetooth and wi-fi, is an example of both a source of information and a medium of
communication. Needless to say, a smart phone can be used as a medium to communicate
to other people from across the globe, and if loaded with cellular data, can surf the internet
hence, a potential source of information.
Now that we have discussed the interrelationship of media and communication, we will
examine the different concepts that will be used in this subject. We will build your definition on
the following key concepts, as referenced from the Teaching Guide of Media and Information
Literacy formulated by the CHED in collaboration with the Philippine Normal University:

A. Literacy- The ability to identify, E. Information Literacy- The ability to

understand, interpret, create, recognize when information is needed,
communicate and compute, using and to locate, evaluate, and effectively
printed and written materials associated communicate information in its various
with varying contexts. Literacy involves formats.
a continuum of learning, wherein
F. Technology (Digital) Literacy-
individuals are able to achieve their
The ability of an individual, either
goals, develop their knowledge and
working independently or with others,
potential, and participate fully in their
to responsibly, appropriately, and
community and wider society.
effectively use technological tools.
B. Media- The physical objects used Using these tools an individual can
to communicate with or the mass access, manage, integrate, evaluate,
communication through physical objects create and communicate information.
such as radio, television, computers,
G. Media and Information Literacy-
film, etc. It also refers to any physical
The essential skills and competencies
object used to communicate messages.
that allow individuals to engage with
C. Media Literacy- The ability to access, media and other information providers
analyze, evaluate, and create media in effectively, as well as develop critical
a variety of forms. It aims to empower thinking and life-long learning skills to
citizens by providing them with the socialize and become active citizens.
competencies (knowledge and skills)
necessary to engage with traditional
media and new technologies.
D. Information- A broad term that covers
processed data, knowledge derived
from study, experience, instruction,
signals or symbols.

Figure 1. The interrelationship of the different

concepts of Media and Information Literacy
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 What’s More

Activity 3: Case Analysis

With the concept given above, let us now test your comprehension. Answer the activity
that follows.
Given below are situations that depict a specific literacy that an individual exhibits.
Identify if it is Media Literacy, Information Literacy, Technology (Digital) Literacy, or Media and
Information Literacy. The first one is done for you.

Table 4. Case Analysis on different literacies

Situation Literacy
Ashley, a Grade 11 student of Gintong Tubig Senior High
School is proficient in using her i7 processor laptop with so
Technology (Digital)
much ease and comfort. In fact, she is accustomed to use it to
Literacy
create powerful PowerPoint presentations during graded class
reporting.
In order to add related literature to his Practical Research
project, Donnie accesses Google Scholar, and reads through
various journals and studies that may help him in his research.
One of the Performance Task for the Midterms of the Grade
11 Jenner class of Mabuhay Senior High School is to create
a short film highlighting their advocacy on Human Trafficking.
The class used the Quik ™ app to edit their video.
The Grade 12- Patience class of Ms. Apolonio have registered
themselves to an online portal called Edmodo, in order to
connect themselves periodically, share assignments, and even
collaboratively work on a project, without meeting face to face.
Sybil constantly purchases load credits for her mobile
phone in order to send emails and messages to her
teacher in Media and Information Literacy.
As part of the various social media activities of David, a
Grade 12 HUMSS student, he periodically shares news
bits from credible online sources, then tag his friends who
may be interested with the information.
Mr. Dingal requires his Grade 11 students to prepare
PowerPoint Presentation or other presentation tools when
doing graded class reporting.
In order to convey his stand on various social issues
involving his peers, Marla uses her Twitter and Facebook
accounts to air her sentiments and opinions.
5
 From the example given above, Ashley exemplified literacy in the use of technology,
specifically the use of her i7 processor laptop. The i7 processor laptop is a form of technology,
so the answer is Technology (Digital) Technology.
Now that you have concretely conceptualized the similarities and differences of the
literacies enumerated above, we will now integrate the value of being literate in media and
information to your life as a Senior High School student.
Part of integrating values to your learning towards becoming a literate in media and
information is an inventory of your media habit, lifestyle and preferences. This means that you
will assess your personal schedule and list down your common online activities and quantify
it as to the number of hours you have spent engaged for the specific activity. The table below
shows an example of a common response.
Table 5. Example of a Weekly Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences
Number of hours in a week
Media or Information Provider
(168 hours/ week)
Youtube 3 hours
Facebook 12 hours
Television, Radio 20 hours
Books 10 hours
Others: pep.ph, google.com 10 hours
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK 55 hours

What’s New

Activity 4: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences

Now, do your own personal inventory. Write it down in the table below, with reference
to the example from the table given above

Table 6. Weekly Online Activities Log

Weekly Online Activities Log
Number of hours in a week
Media or Information Provider
(168 hours/ week)

TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK

6
 What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Synthesizing Your Learning

Answer the following questions based on your learning. Be brief and concise.

1. From your own point of view, make a list that describes a person who is literate in
media and information. Write down at least five (5) characteristics.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2. Of the list that you have enumerated in your Weekly Online Activities Log, which media
provider did you spend the most time? And what role does this media provider play in
your life as a SHS student?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. Looking at the total number of hours you have spent on online activities per week, do
you think the figure is essential for your to be able to be media and information literate
individual?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

7
 What I Can Do

Activity 6: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites

Photo Credits: Screenshot from https://adobochronicles.com/2015/06/08/china-lays-claim-over-manilas-

chinatown/

The picture above shows a sample of fake news headlines lifted from https://
adobochronicles.com/2015/06/08/china-lays-claim-over-manilas-chinatown/, one of the
satirical websites circulating online. As a media and information literate individual, how will
you respond to this kind of information? Formulate the actions you will take by outlining it on
the table below.

Steps I will take How I will go about the steps

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 Lesson

2 Information Literacy

What’s In

In lesson 1, we have learned the mechanics of communication, in order to effectively

deliver messages to other people, using different communication mediums or media. There
are a number of media uses, each can either be a source of information, or the communication
medium itself. We have also defined several literacy terms, one of which is Informagtion
Literacy, which will be discussed in-depth in this lesson.

What I Need to Know

Generated by Marilou L. Lora from https://bigcrunch.io/v/nAEdNnc7nssE4Xi77EhSJg

• Why do we need information?

• Where do we search for information?
• How do we acquire and store information?
• How do we use the information that we have?
• How will we communicate the information that we have acquired?

The questions outlined above are some of the few questions that comes into mind when
we talk about Information Literacy, which was introduced in the earlier part of this module.
Before we go further, answer the first activity of the lesson.

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 What’s New

Activity 1: Situational Simulation

You are given an opportunity to interview personally the mayor of the city where you
live in. In this case, write down at least five (5) questions that you would want to ask the mayor.

What Is It

Now, given the above questions which you have personally chosen, it is important to
understand the need to acquire this information that you have asked from the mayor of the
city. These questions are actually a result of you trying to go through the process towards
becoming an information literate individual.
As a review, we already discussed what Information Literacy is. It is defined as the ability
to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate
information in its various formats. Therefore, it is a set of individual competencies needed to
identify, evaluate and use information in the most ethical, efficient and effective way across all
domains, occupations and professions.

Table 7. Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy

Stage What this stage is about?
Identifying/ recognizing information needs
1 The realization that there arise a need or a problem exists that requires information,
for its satisfactory resolution.
Determining sources of information
2 Know how to determine if the needed information exists, and to source out from
varied avenues.
Citing or searching for information
3
Know how to find needed information, to give credits to the source of the information.
Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
Know how to fully understand found information, or know where to go for help if
4
needed to understand, and to assess the accuracy and reliability of the information
acquired.
Organizing, storing or archiving information
Know how to preserve, store, reuse, record and archive information for future
5
use, or to dispose of information no longer needed, and safeguard information that
should be protected.
Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way
6
Know how to utilize information to solve problem, make decision, or meet need.
Creating and communicating new knowledge
7 Know how to communicate and present information to others in appropriate, usable
formats/ mediums.
10
 Take note that the concept is appropriately divided into stages as to one cannot proceed
with the next step, unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can be considered as elements,
since each one must be exhibited in an individual if we consider an one as information literate.
In the table from the previous page, let us just consider a situation relevant to your
experience as SHS student, particularly your task on your subject in Practical Research.
First thing that you need to do is to look for a specific need, a problem that needs resolution
(Stage 1) which will serve as the moving reason for your research. Let’s just say you want
to look into students’ reading comprehension. Stage 2 requires that you must determine if
there are available materials for your references, whether they be in hard or soft copies,
digital or otherwise. Definitely, once you have determined your information sources, like the
internet, books, journals, and the like, you must cite these sources appropriately in order to
not be charged with plagiarism. Stage 4 is all about analyzing and evaluating which from the
varied information available are relevant to your research topic, and which are not valuable
enough for use. This stage requires a full understanding of the topic or need that you need
to resolve. Stage 5 requires knowledge as to the preservation and storage of the information
that you have acquired. You may store these on a flash drive, or maybe print or photocopy the
information for your reference. Stage 6 is all about the proper way of using the information that
you have acquired that will be beneficial to a large number of people. The ethical and legal
side of using referenced materials then comes into question. Finally, you will have to decide
then as to the manner of communicating the information to the vast majority of the people.
Definitely as an output of your Practical Research, you need to have this printed and bounded
before submitting to your teacher.
Let us now test your understanding by doing the activity below.

What’s More

Activity 2: Social Media Scenario
You have seen the viral
video in social media about a senior
high school student bullying another
student within the school premises.
There had been so much concerns
circulating in the online world about
the identity of the parties involved,
one of which claims that the school is
playing favorites between the parties,
and favoring the bully in the video.
As an active social media user, you
want to exhibit your being a media
and information literate individual,
the following table below outlines the
task that you will have to take in order
to come up with an informative post
relative to the viral issue at hand.
Let us move on further as
you answer the following activity to
enhance your capacities in passing
opinion as to the daily life situations you are facing
involving information literacy as a Senior High student.
Information needs
(What information do you need?)
Sources of information
(Where will you get them?)
Access to the information
(How will you access them?)
Evaluate information
(How will you check the quality of
information?)
Organize information
(How will you organize and store
them?)
Communicate information
How will you create and
communicate them?)
11
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Information Ethics

Given below are hypothetical situations that require your unbiased opinion and
educated judgment. Write your point of view as to each situation, taking into consideration the
following mechanics in grading this activity:

Criteria 3 2 1
The author was able The author was able The author was not
to clearly ascertain to partially ascertain able to ascertain
specific information specific information specific information
needs, including the needs, including the needs, including the
Treatment of
details needed for details needed for details needed for
Information
sound judgment, sound judgment, sound judgment,
considering the considering the considering the
elements/ stages of elements/ stages of elements/ stages of
Information Literacy Information Literacy Information Literacy
The author exhibited The author exhibited The author exhibited
Sentence
excellent command fair command of the poor command of the
Structure,
of the language, language, its general language, its general
Grammar,
its general usage, usage, mechanics usage, mechanics and
Mechanics, and
mechanics and and spelling spelling
Spelling
spelling
1. You are researching on an assignment in your subject in Media and Information Literacy.
You came along an article online that amazingly can answer the research assignment
perfectly well. You copy and pasted it into one great essay, complete with pictures and
other visuals. You did not cite your references in order to impress your perfectionist
and strict teacher.
2. A family friend, who also happens to be your classmate in one of your classes was
diagnosed with an incurable illness. Your close family ties enabled you to know the
status of her health, including its severity, and asked you to refrain from spilling out the
information outside of your family circle. In order to help her with her absences and
academic standing, you told your class adviser about her health status.
3. You are living in a peaceful community within your barangay where everyone practically
knows everyone. Lately, there have been rumors circulating around the neighborhood
that one of your friends is into illegal drugs. Upon investigation and personal interview,
you found out that he is actually using marijuana because of an emotional problem
within his family. You decided to help him by enlisting the help of psychologists and
authorities in order to help him rehabilitate and cope with the problem. True enough, he
was sent to a rehabilitation center in order to undergo debriefing. The news spread like
wildfire within the neighborhood and soon, his family’s problems was then discussed
out in the open. Your friend’s family have branded you a traitor for helping the “arrest”
of your friend and ultimately revealing their problems to the entire neighborhood.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 4: Detecting Fake News Online

This activity will focus mainly on web browsing, so you must have a stable internet
connection. Below is a table, wherein you will be listing down specific websites that are known
to publish fake or satirical news. The first one is done for you.

Website Address/ Name What it does

https://adobochronicles.com/ THE ADOBO CHRONICLES is your source of up-
to-date, unbelievable news. Everything you read on
this site is based on fact, except for the lies. (lifted
from https://adobochronicles.com/about/)

Tip: Look for the About Us page of the website in order to know what it does

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Summary
1. Communication is broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging of information.
2. There are different communication mediums, common examples are Conversation,
Public Speaking, Documents/ Letters/ Mails, Visual Art, Physical Medium, Digital/
Interactive. Each one of these mediums works differently in conveying messages and
information, but with the main purpose of communicating information to others.
3. Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and
compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy
involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals,
develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community and
wider society.
4. Media are the physical objects used to communicate with or the mass communication
through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to
any physical object used to communicate messages.
5. Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of
forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge
and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.
6. Information- A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study,
experience, instruction, signals or symbols.
7. Information Literacy- The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to
locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats.
8. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The ability of an individual, either working independently
or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.
Using these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and
communicate information.
9. Media and Information Literacy- The skills and competencies that allow individuals
to engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop
critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.
10. The Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy are:
Stage 1- Identifying/ recognizing information needs
Stage 2- Determining sources of information
Stage 3- Citing or searching for information
Stage 4- Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
Stage 5- Organizing, storing or archiving information
Stage 6- Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way
Stage 7- Creating and communicating new knowledge

11. The Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy are divided into stages as to one
cannot proceed with the next step, unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can also be
considered elements, because each one must be exhibited in an individual if we are to
consider one an information literate.

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 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the best answer from among
the given choices.
1. This type of literacy identifies what the information is for, where to find it, and how to
evaluate it.
A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy
C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above
2. The medium of communication that requires face to face interaction using one’s voice
as the tool to deliver the message.
A. Digital/ Interactive Communication B. Conversation
C. Public Speaking D. Digital Art
3. The following are possible sources of information, EXCEPT:
A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Printer D. Smartphones
4. Which of the following is an example of technology used as a medium of communication?
A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Laptop computers D. Smartphones
5. An information literate person should first understand the situation or problem to figure
out the what specific type of information he or she needed.
A. True B. False
C. Maybe D. Neither True or False
6. It is defined as the as the imparting and exchanging of information or news.
A. Communication B. Public Speaking
C. Media D. Information Sources
7. Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-package information contained
in product packaging are example of what medium of communication?
A. Visual Art B. Physical Medium
C. Digital/ Interactive D. Documents/ Letters
8. This refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and
their intended audience.
A. Communication B. Public Speaking
C. Media D. Information Sources
9. This is considered the oldest form of Media
A. Print B. Visual Art
C. Physical Medium D. Digital/ Interactive
10. It is the ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly,
appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.
A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy
C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above

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