16 TENSES

Present Tense PastTense Future Tense Past Future Tense

Simple Present Tense : Simple Past Tense : Simple Future Tense : Use for planing Past Future Tense:
a. Nominal simple present : Rumus Rumus Rumus
tobe-1 (am-are-is) Positif (+) Positif (+) Positif (+)
Example: She is a Teacher - Subject + to be (was/were) + complement Subject + will/shall + verb I + object Subject + should/would + be + object
She is not a teacher - Subject + verb 2 + object Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb I + object Subject + should/would + verb I + object
Negatif (-)
Is she a teacher ? Negatif (-) Negatif (-)
Subject + should/would + not + be + object
b. Verbal simple present : - Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement Subject + will/shall + verb I + object Subject + should/would + not + verb + object
not tobe but have verb - Subject + did not + verb 1 + object Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb I + Tanya (?)
Example: I work Tanya (?) object Should/would + subject + be + object ?
I do not work - Did + subject + verb 1 + object ? Tanya (?) Should/would + subject + verb I + object ?
Do I work ? Contoh Simple Past tense: Will/shall + subject + verb I + object Contoh – simple past future tense :
She,He and It verb-1 + s, so verb He was a businessman in 1999 (+) Am/is/are + subject + going to + verb I + object He should be in Banten next month (+)
that have hissing sound (x,ch,s and - dia adalah seorang pebisnis pada tahun 1999 Contoh – Simple Future tense : - dia akan telah berada di Banten bulan depan
sh) we use the last es (mixes, I sell these motorcycles in Surabaya(+) We will go to school soon (+) He should not be in Banten next month (-)
teaches, kisses and washes). - saya menjual sepeda motor ini di Surabaya - kita akan pergi ke sekolah segera - dia tidak akan telah berada di Banten bulan
The use simple present tense : She did not visit me yesterday (-) We will not go to school soon (-) depan
Should he be in Banten next month ? (?)
1. Expressing facts - dia tidak mengunjungiku kemarin - kita tidak akan pergi ke sekolah segera
- apakah dia akan telah berada di Banten bulan
2. expressing habits My parents were not home yesterday(-) Will we go to school soon ? (?) depan ?
- orang tua ku tidak ada di rumah kemarin - apakah kita akan pergi ke sekolah segera I should be pick up when you arrive at the
Adverbs of Frequency Did you play football yesterday ? (?) The students are going to have a test next month station tomorrow (+)
always selalu - Apakah kamu bermain sepakbola kemarin ? (+) - saya akan sedang sudah menjemput ketika
usually biasanya - para siswa akan menghadapi ujian bulan depan kamu tiba di stasiun besok
often seringkali The students are not going to have a test next I should not be pick up when you arrive at the
sometimes kadang2 (-) station tomorrow (-)
seldom jarang - para siswa tidak akan menghadapi ujian bulan - saya tidak akan sedang sudah menjemput
never tidak pernah depan ketika kamu tiba di stasiun besok
should you be pick up when I arrive at the
ever pernah Are the students going to have a test next month ?
station tomorrow ? (?)
(?) - apakah kamu akan sedang sudah menjemput
- Apakah para siswa akan menghadapi ujian bulan ketika saya tiba di stasiun besok ?
depan ?
Present continuous Tense :
used for activity now
Rumus Present Continuous
Tense :
Positif (+):
subject + to be (am, is, are) +
Verb – ing + object
Negatif (-) :
subject + to be + not + verb – ing
+ object
interogative?) :
to be + subject + verb – ing +
object
Example :
I am watching TV now (+)
Mr. Khanafi is not going to
Jakarta (-)
Is Mrs. Annisa cooking in the
kitchen ? (?)
Present Perfect Tense : used for
past activity until now.(pointed to
output)
Past continuous Tense :
menunjukkan bahwa aksi tersebut terjadi sebelum
(began before), selama (was in progress during),
dan mungkin berlanjut setelah (continued after)
waktu atau aksi lainnya yang terjadi pada masa
lampau.
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
- was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ?
Contoh - Past Continuous tense :
He was sleeping when I came (+)
- Dia sedang tidur ketika saya datang
He was not sleeping when I came (-)
- Dia tidak sedang tidur ketika saya datang
Was he sleeping when I came ?
- apakah dia sedang tidur ketika saya datang ?
I was working all night yesterday(+)
- saya sedang bekerja sepanjang malam kemarin
I was not working all night yesterday (-)
- Saya tidak sedang bekerja sepanjang malam
kemarin
were you working all night yesterday ?
- Apakah kamu sedang bekerja sepanjang malam
kemarin ?
Past Perfect Tense:
factor waktu tidak pwnting yang penting,yang
penting kejadianya dimasa lalu
Future continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + will/shall + be + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + will/shall + not + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
Will/shall + subject + be + verb-ing + object
Contoh – Future Continuous tense :
I will be watching a movie tonight (+)
- saya akan sedang menonton film nanti
malam
I will not be watching a movie tonight (-)
- saya tidak akan sedang menonton film nanti
malam
Will you be watching a movie tonight ? (?)
- Apakah kamu akan sedang menonton film
nanti malam ?
Future Perfect Tense :
Rumus akan sudah dilakukan dimasa depan
Positif (+)
Past Future Continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + should/would + be + verb-ing +
object
Negatif (-)
Subject + should/would + not + be + verb-
ing + object
Tanya (?)
Should/would + subject + be + verb-ing +
object ?
Contoh – Past Future Continuous tense :
My brother would be finishing Thesis last
week (+)
- Kakakku akan telah sedang menyelesaikan
tesis minggu lalu
My brother would not be finishing Thesis
last week (-)
- Kakakku tidak akan telah sedang
menyelesaikan tesis minggu lalu
Would your brother be finishing Thesis last
week? (?)
- apakah kakakmu akan telah sedang
menyelesaikan tesis minggu lalu ?
Past Future Perfect Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
factor waktu tidak penting yang Rumus Past Perfect Tense : Subject + shall/will + have + been + complement Subject + should/would + have + been +
penting kejadianya sudah had been digunakan untuk kalimat nominal Subject + shall/will + have + verb III + object complement
terselesaikan Positif (+) Negatif (-) Subject + should/would + have + verb III +
has/have been diunakan pada Subject + had + verb III + (past participle) + Subject + shall/will + not + been + complement object
kalimat nominal object Subject + shall/will + not + have + verb III + Negatif (-)
Rumus : Negatif (-) object Subject + should/would + not + have + been
Positif (+) Subject + had + not + verb III + object Tanya (?) + complement
Subject + has / have + been + object Tanya (?) Shall/will + subject + been + complement Subject + should/would + not + have + verb
Subject + has / have + verb III + Had + subject + verb III + object ? Shall/will + subject + have + verb III + object ? III + object
object Contoh - Past Perfect tense : Contoh – Future perfect tense : Tanya (?)
Negatif (-) They had been here before 1945 (+) I will have been in this hospital until tomorrow Should/would + subject + have + been +
Subject + has / have + not + been + - mereka telah berada disini sebelum tahun 1945 morning (+) complement ?
object They had not been here before 1945 (-) - saya akan telah berada di rumah sakit ini sampai Should/would + subject + have + verb III +
Subject +has / have + not + verb III - mereka belum berada disini sebelum tahun 1945 besok pagi object ?
+ object Had they been here before 1945 ? (?) I will not have been in this hospital until Contoh – Past Future Perfect tense :
Tanya (?) - apakah mereka telah berada disini sebelum tomorrow morning (-) My mother should have been here at nine
Have / has + Subject + verb III + 1945 ? - saya tidak akan telah berada di rumah sakit ini o’clock tomorrow (+)
object She had gone to Amsterdam when I called her (+) sampai besok pagi - Ibu saya akan sudah berada disini jam 9
Have / has + subject + been + - dia telah pergi ke Amsterdam ketika aku Will you have been in this hospital until tomorrow besok
object meneleponnya morning ? (?) My mother should not have been here at
Contoh : She had not gone to Amsterdam when I called her - apakah kamu akan telah berada disini sampai nine o’clock tomorrow (-)
I have been at home for a month (+) (-) besok pagi ? - Ibu saya tidak akan sudah berada disini
Mr. Handoko has not eaten the sate - dia belum pergi ke Amsterdam ketika aku Majid will have rented my house next month (+) jam 9 besok
already (-) meneleponnya - Majid akan telah menyewa rumahku bulan Should your mother have been here at nine
Has Mr. Imam been here since Had she gone to Amsterdam when you called depan o’clock tomorrow ? (?)
06.00 ? (?) her ? Majid will not have rented my house next month - Apakah ibu kamu akan sudah berada disini
- apakah dia telah pergi ke Amsterdam ketika (-) jam 9 besok ?
kamu meneleponnya ? - Majid tidak akan telah menyewa rumahku bulan Mar’i would have worked in leading
depan companies next month (+)
Keterangan waktu (Adverb of time) yang umum Will Majid have rented my house next month ? (?) - Mar’I akan sudah bekerja di perusahaan
digunakan dalam past Perfect tense ini : after, before, - apakah Majid akan telah menyewa rumahku ternama bulan depan
already, as soon as, just, yet, until, till, by the time bulan depan ? Mar’i will not have worked in leading
that. companies next month (-)
- Mar’I tidak akan sudah bekerja di

Present Perfect continuous Tense
: used for past activity until now.
Adverb of time that used “for” and
“since”.
Rumus :
Positif (+)
Subject + has / have + been + verb-
ing
Negatif (-)
Subject + has / have + not + been +
verb-ing
Interogative (?)
Has/have + subject + been + verb-
ing ?
Contoh :
I have been watching TV for two
hours (+)
He has been playing football since
elementary school(+)
Marina has not been learning
english for two years (-)
Have you been reading a book for
an hour ? (?)
Past Perfect continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
Had + subject + been + object ?
Contoh Past Perfect Continuous tense :
He had been living in Jakarta about ten years (+)
- Dia telah tinggal di Jakarta sekitar 10 tahun
He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years
(-)
- dia belum tinggal di Jakarta sekitar 10 tahun
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? (?)
- apakah dia telah tinggal di Jakarta selamat 10
tahun ?
Perbedaan antara Present Perfect Continuous and
Past Perfect Continuous adalah :
Present Perfect Continuous mengungkapkan
tindakan yang terus berlanjut sampai sekarang
sedangkan Past Perfect Continuous tidak.
perusahaan ternama bulan depan
Will Mar’i have worked in leading
companies next month ? (?)
- Apakah Mar’I akan sudah bekerja di
perusahaan ternama bulan depan ?
Future Perfect continuous Tense: Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense :
Rumus Rumus
Positif (+) Positif (+)
Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + Subject + should/would + have + been +
object verb-ing + object
Negatif (-) Negatif (-)
Subject + shall/will + not + have + been + verb- Subject + should/would + not + have + been
ing + object + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?) Tanya (?)
Shall/will + subject + have + been + verb-ing + Should/would + subject + have + been +
object ? verb-ing + object ?
Contoh – Future Perfect Continuous tense : Contoh – Past Future Perfect Continuous
My grandmother will have been visiting us tense :
tomorrow morning (+) I would have working in leading companies
- nenek saya akan telah sedang mengunjungi kami for 10 years (+)
besok pagi - Aku akan sudah sedang bekerja di
My grandmother will not have been visiting us perusahaan ternama selama 10 tahun
tomorrow morning (-) I would not have working in leading
- nenek saya tidak akan telah sedang mengunjungi companies for 10 years (-)
kami besok pagi - Aku tidak akan sudah sedang bekerja di
Will your grandmother have been visiting you perusahaan ternama selama 10 tahun
tomorrow morning? (?) Would you have working in leading
- apakah nenek kamu akan telah sedang companies for 10 years ? (?)
mengunjungi kamu besok pagi ? - apakah kamu akan sudah sedang bekerja di
perusahaan ternama selama 10 tahun ?