CHEM 025 Practice Problems Names: Amith Banga

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Chapter 3: Substances & Solutions

1. What is the formula mass and molar mass of calcium phosphate?

The formula mass for Ca3(PO4)2 is 310.102amu. Meaning the molar mass is 310.102g/mol.
3x(40.078)+2x(30.974)+8x(15.99)=310.102

2. Suppose an element consisted of three naturally occurring isotopes. The reported average
mass for the element was 75.42 amu. The following information is known: isotope I has a mass
of 80.45 and makes up 2.4% of the element’s atoms. Isotope II has a mass of 72.22 and makes
up 30.0% of the element’s atoms. What would you estimate as the mass of isotope III? What
instrument is used to determine the mass and natural abundance? Provide a likely sketch of the
results from this instrument.

3. A solution is prepared by dissolving 98.6 g of NaCl in enough water to form 875 mL of

solution. Calculate the mass % and molarity of the solution if the density of the solution is 1.06
g/mL. How would the concentration differ if you added 875 mL water when making the
solution. Why?

M=DxV
1.06g/mL X 875mL
=927.5g

98.6g NaCl/927.5g = .106 x 100 = 10.6%

4. Quinone, which is used in the dye industry and in photography, is an organic compound
containing only C, H, and O. What is the empirical formula of the compound if you find that
0.105 g of the compound gives 0.257 g of CO2 and 0.0350 g of H2O when burned completely?
Given a molecular weight of approximately 108 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?
5. Determine the concentration of a solution prepared by diluting 25.0 mL of a stock 0.188 M
Ca(NO3)2 solution to 150.0 mL. How would the concentration of the new solution change if the
solution were left uncapped on the lab bench for several days? Why?

.188M(.025L)=x(.15L)
x=.0313M
Ca(NO3)2= .0313M

-1 mole of Ca(NO3)2 gives 1 mole of Ca and 2 moles of NO3 ions.

-The concentration fo calcium ion diluated soltuon is equal to .0313m b/c .0313M Ca(NO3)2
gives .0313M Ca.

6. Chromium (III) oxide is one of the key components responsible for the red color of ruby gems.
If you had 34.8 g of chromium (III) oxide, how many grams of chromium metal would be
present?

ON PAPER

7. Morphine, derived from opium plants, has the potential for use and abuse. It’s formula is
C17H19NO3. What percent, by mass, is the carbon in this compound?

Molar Mass=(17x 12g/mol)+(19x1g/mol)+(1x14g/mol)+(3x16g/mol)

=285g/mol

Mass percent= (204/285) x 100 = 71.58%

8. Which of the following solutions will have the highest concentration of chloride ions?
A) 0.10 M sodium chloride B) 0.10 M magnesium chloride
C) 0.10 M aluminum chloride D) 0.05 M calcium chloride
E) All of these solutions have the same concentration of chloride ions.

Provide a rational for your choice.

ANSWER IS C
Sodium Chloride = NaCl, 1M of NaCl gives 1M of Chloride
Aluminium Chloride= AlCl3, 1M of aluminum chlrodie gives 3M of chloride Iones, 3X.1=.3M
Magnesium Chloride= MgCl2, 1M of MgCl2 gives 2M of chloride, .2 x 2= .4M Chloride ions
Calcium Chloride= CaCl2, 1M of CaCl2 gives 2M chloride, .1x2=.2M

9. How many carbon atoms are contained in 14.3 mL of 0.140 M sucrose solution (C 12H22O11)?

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10. CHALLENGE. Commercial grade HCl solutions are typically 39.0% (by mass) HCl in water.
Determine the molarity of the HCl, if the solution has a density of 1.20 g/mL.

DID ON PAPER