Name: Harendra singh thagunna

BBA 8TH (Day)

Symbol no.: 17031016

1. What is e-business? Differentiate it with e-commerce. Explain

various type of e business model with examples. 
E-business is any kind of business or commercial transaction that includes
sharing information across the internet.
Simply defined, an e-business is an electronic business activity. E-
business allows for conversations to happen quickly. Faster decision-making
saves time, and time is money in business. E-business allows people to
communicate in several ways that facilitate understanding. If someone is not
comfortable on the phone or through a video chat, there is always messaging
and emailing. Examples of e-business include Amazon, eBay etc.
E-commerce is nothing but buying and selling of goods around the web. On the
contrary, e-business is a little different as it is not limited to, commercial
transactions, but it also provides other services. E-commerce is concerned with
the firm’s dealings with its customers, clients or suppliers. Conversely, e-
business refers to undertaking industry, trade, and commerce, with the help of
information technology and communication.
The various type of e business model are:-
The various type of e business model are:-
B2C – Business to consumer.
B2C ecommerce refers to the process of selling to individual customers directly.
Anything you buy online as a consumer — think wardrobe, household supplies,
entertainment — is done as part of a B2C transaction.
An example of a B2C transaction would be someone buying a pair of shoes
online or booking a pet hotel for a dog.

B2B – Business to business.

In a B2B business model, a business sells its product or service to another

business. Sometimes the buyer is the end user, but often the buyer resells to the
consumer.

The example of B2B are cloud-based document Storage Company Dropbox

serves businesses as well as individuals. General Electric makes plenty of
consumer goods, but it also provides parts to other enterprises.
C2B – Consumer to business.

C2B businesses allow individuals to sell goods and services to companies.

Examples of C2B applications include customer reviews, participation in focus

groups, or sharing as an influencer (someone who has his or her own audience
and the ability to influence what that audience buys or does).
C2C – Consumer to consumer.

A C2C business connects consumers to exchange goods and services and

typically make their money by charging transaction or listing fees.

The most prominent examples of C2C include eBay, an online auction site,
and Amazon, which acts as both a B2C and a C2C marketplace.
2. Discuss the various types of hardware, software and database
infrastructure required for the e- business with examples. 

With new technologies and everything being online, there is a need for certain
types of software and hardware to have a successful business.
Hardware
External Hard Drive
External hard drives keep your business organized and your information in a
secure place. You must invest in this type of equipment to maintain a successful
running business online and physically.

This is especially beneficial for those who are afraid or don’t like to store
information in the Cloud or directly on their computer’s hard drive. These are
also used as back up for any accidents that may occur. You want to make sure
you invest in security for theft cases.

Desktop/Laptop Computer
Everyone has one these days and it is crucial for any business who wants to
grow and thrive to have a designated computer system. Make sure to invest in
the equipment that will last and that is reputable for businesses. Finding
a computer or laptop won’t be hard due to the fact that they are sold
everywhere, along with much technical equipment.
Network Server
Network servers are highly important for fast and easy speeds and databases.
You will have access to more storage capacity and higher security. There are
many options out there for you to choose from. Use the amount of space you
need, security, and options you want for backups as criteria for your decision.

Mobile device
A mobile device is almost always necessary when running a business. Having a
device that is specifically for your business helps with organization and
professionally. From tablets to cellphones, it’s good to have a mobile device
that you can take anywhere and handle business situations easily and
conveniently. There are certain mobile devices that work for business purposes
are ;- iPhone, Samsung Galaxy, CAT S41, Samsung Galaxy Tablet, Apple iPad
etc.
Software
Application service providers (ASPs):-
While many companies need the same applications to manage projects,
individual companies may manage projects differently from one another. As part
of the services they provide, many ASPs will enhance their applications to take
into account the needs of individual customers. The ASP has the responsibility
of maintaining the applications and updating them as necessary.By using an
ASP for business applications, companies can eliminate the costs associated
with developing and maintaining business applications themselves.

Operating systems:-
An operating system (OS) is software that manages the resources on a
computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory
(RAM), various input/output devices (I/O) and the data stored on hard disks,
CD-ROMS and other storage media.A multiuser OS allows more than one user
to run programs simultaneously. A multiprocessor OS controls a computer that
has many hardware CPUs.

Databases:-
A database is an integrated collection of data. A database management system
(DBMS) involves the data itself and the software that controls the storage and
retrieval of data. Database management systems provide mechanisms for storing
and organizing data in a manner that facilitates satisfying sophisticated queries
and data manipulations.
Database Management System (DBMS) are support programs that work in
conjunction with the operating system to create, store, process, retrieve, control
and manage data. The DBMS acts as an interface between the application
program and the data in the database
 The DBMS is perhaps most useful for providing a centralized view of data that
can be accessed by multiple users, from multiple locations, in a controlled
manner.
A DBMS can limit what data the end user sees, as well as how that end user can
view the data, providing many views of a single database schema.
End users and software programs are free from having to understand where the
data is physically located or on what type of storage media it resides because the
DBMS handles all requests.

3. What is virtual marketplace? Explain the sell-side and buy side in e-

business.

A virtual marketplace is a huge online market where third-party sellers, and

even individual businesses, can sell or resell products.
The Buy Side refers to firms that purchase securities, and includes investment
managers, pension funds, and hedge funds. The Sell Side refers to firms that
issue, sell, or trade securities, and includes investment banks, advisory firms,
and corporations. The goal of a Sell-Side is to advise on research and close the
deal. Sell side analysts carry out research, and based on the same, they convince
their investors to trade through their firm's trading desk. Whereas, the goal of
the Buy side firms is to beat the indices and generate Investment returns for
their clients.

4. Discuss the contributions of e-business to economic growth,

competitiveness and productivity.

The electronic commerce is the key for enterprises' competitively in this

informational era, insuring the access to new market segments, increasing the
speed of developing business, the increased flexibility of commercial policies,
decreasing the provisioning, sale and advertising costs, simplifying the
procedures etc.
E-business (electronic business) is the conduct of business processes on the
internet. These e-business processes include buying and selling goods and
services, servicing customers, processing payments, managing production
control, collaborating with business partners, sharing information, running
automated employee services, recruiting; and more.

Today, as corporations continuously rethink their businesses in terms of the

internet specifically, the internet's availability, reach and ever-changing
capabilities they are conducting e-business to buy parts and supplies from other
companies, collaborate on sales promotions, and conduct joint research.The
growth of e-business in recent decades has given rise to new business
requirements. On the customer front, consumers expect organizations to offer
self-service options for conducting transactions; they expect personalized
experiences; and they want speedy, secure interactions. On the regulatory front,
new laws and best practices for keeping electronic data secure have been
instated. As e-commerce accelerated, companies have adopted stringent security
protocols and tools, including encryption and digital certificates, to protect
against hackers, fraud and theft.

E-business has drastically changed how corporations -- as well as nonprofits,

government agencies and other such institutions -- operate, allowing them to
increase productivity, lower costs and move more quickly.For example,
electronic invoicing, automated billing and digital payment systems decrease
the time workers must devote to these tasks, which many businesses handled
manually just a few decades ago. As a result of the time savings, businesses can
either decrease their head count or shift worker time to higher-value tasks.
Additionally, such digital systems reduce the time between invoicing and
payment, thereby improving cash flow for the business.

Electronic communication systems, such as email, video conferencing and

online collaboration platforms that incorporate the dynamics of social media,
likewise increase productivity by decreasing delays between inquiries and
responses. That's true whether the communication is between employees,
employees and external business partners, or employees and customers.The
increased speed also results in faster decision-making, making companies
more agile and responsive to stakeholder needs and market demands overall.
Electronic communication systems also save money by eliminating, in some
cases, employee travel for collaboration purposes, while also supporting more
open, collaborative cultures by making it easier for employees in any position,
in any department and wherever they're physically based to contribute ideas.

The digital systems that power e-business can also extend an organization's
reach beyond its brick-and-mortar walls. Cloud-based business applications
enable workers to perform their jobs from home and other remote locations,
such as client sites. Similarly, cloud-based applications and the 24/7 nature of
the internet allows business transactions to continue around the clock and
around the globe, giving even solo practitioners and small businesses the ability
to be global enterprises.Digital systems, and particularly emerging technologies
such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, have also improved the
ease, speed and effectiveness of numerous e-business tasks, such as archiving
information, searching stored data for insights, recording financial transactions
and connecting with customers with personalized messaging.More importantly,
however, the rise of advanced e-commerce software and services have delivered
new capabilities to organizations, such as email marketing, and created new
 avenues to sell their goods and services, such as online stores. E-commerce
software has enabled the creation of entirely new business models, such as
eBay's capacity for consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales and
social networking sites such as Facebook.

5. Explain the types of technologies used in e business? 

Electronic Business, is the administration of conducting business via the

Internet. There is rarely a facet within an industry that hasn’t been touched by
technology. Most notably, big data and machine learning are paving the way for
robotics automation, the instant transfer of data, and a variety of interesting
devices. The retail industry is no exception when it comes to taking advantage
of technology. In fact, successful businesses are setting the bar by implementing
technologies. The reasons vary, but can include that these technologies help
provide excellent customer experiences through instant communication,
providing support without the help of live employees, data management and
security, and much more.

Web technology:-

Web technology refers to the means by which computers communicate with

each other using markup languages and multimedia packages. It gives us a way
to interact with hosted information, like websites. Web technology involves the
use of hypertext markup language (HTML) and cascading style sheets (CSS).M

Database technology:-

Database technologies take information and store, organize, and process it in a

way that enables users to easily and intuitively go back and find details they are
searching for. Database technologies come in all shapes and sizes, from
complex to simple, large too small.

Integration technology:-

Integration technology is the use of technology tools in general content areas in

education in order to allow students to apply computer and technology skills to
learning and problem-solving. It is defined as the use of technology to enhance
and support the educational environment.

Networking technology:-

Networking technology allows for the exchange of data between large and small
information systems used primarily by businesses and educational institutions.
 Security technology:-

Security, in information technology (IT), is the defense of digital information

and IT assets against internal and external, malicious and accidental threats.
This defense includes detection, prevention and response to threats through the
use of security policies, software tools and IT services.

Application development technology:-

Application development is the process of creating a computer program or a set

of programs to perform the different tasks that a business requires.

6. What is digital marketing? Explain the tools and techniques used in digital
marketing?

Digital marketing is the use of the Internet, mobile devices, social media, search
engines, and other channels to reach consumers. It is the component of
marketing that utilizes internet and online based digital technologies such as
desktop computers, mobile phones and other digital media and platforms to
promote products and services.
The tools and techniques used in digital marketing are:-

Website
A website is essentially a gateway for the brand to its visitors. Today, because
of the internet it is very easy for users to search for any brand/product/service
they are interested in just a click. A website also marks as an initial introduction
for the brand to its visitor. E.g.: I may not know any particular information
about a brand. Instead of asking many people around I can simply visit the
brands’ website and check that particular information. Having a website makes
70% of digital marketing easy and effective. For brands, having a website
presence is a must as it an easier way to share a company’s vision, mission,
goals, objectives etc. This information, in turn, helps the brand to build a sense
of trust with its user. This can even lead to purchase decision. Overall, websites
form as a first step on the brand towards their digital journey.
 
Social Media Marketing
The most commonly used tool on the digital platform is without any second
thoughts is Social Media marketing. Today in India, almost all the brands have
an active presence on at least one of the social media platforms viz a viz:
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, LinkedIn, Google + or even
WhatsApp to name a few. In a survey conducted by Octane Research, it was
found that the best performing digital marketing tool was social media updates.
It accounted for 40% of the total marketing tools.
The reason marketers should choose Social Media in their digital marketing
plan is that it helps increase Brand awareness, driving engagement, increase
traffic on landing pages/websites, generates leads, develops fan following,
improves search results, which leads in increasing sales results. Social updates
also help in increasing business partnership/alliances..
Email Marketing
In totality, each and every email sent or received is a part of email marketing.
Emails are usually sent to promote business/service, request business, send
advertisements, and request to participate. In India, email marketing comprises
56% of the digital marketing activities carried out by the marketers. Although,
the downside being, a lot of emails even today go unseen or are marked as
spam. Hence, it is very important to be a credible source to leverage the benefits
of email marketing. This is possible over a period of time by building trust,
having a customized email for each and every user, offering deals and discounts
and creating brand awareness.
Email marketing is a very great tool to acquire new customers and retain the old
ones. Email marketing also provides marketers a platform to experiment with
content, visuals, creative and multimedia assets that to at very lower costs
compared to print or television. It also benefits marketers to calculate effective
ROI even for a single email sent.
SEO
SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization. SEO is the process, through which
brands can increase their websites visibility, visitors and creating awareness on
the search engines. The results are achieved are commonly referred as
completely organic/unpaid. In layman’s term, SEO means analyzing user’s
behavior on search engines and leveraging that to the benefits of the brands.
SEO targets components when interacting with the search engines, for e.g.:
image search, video search, and content search et al. SEO also target industry
specific keywords in search engines, exact specific keywords and search
engines preferred by the consumers. To make SEO work, brands a lot of time
optimizing their websites in order to get better search results. However, SEO is
an amalgamation of optimized websites and user-friendly architecture. These
both go hand in hand.
 
Search Advertising
Search advertising as the term suggests is a method of putting up online
advertising using search engine channels like Google, Yahoo, and Bing.
 Through search advertising, brands can choose to advertise on the search portals
or other content publishing websites in the search engines network. Search
advertising mainly works with ‘Keywords’. Search engine portals keep a tab on
the most popular and exact keywords users search on the portal. In turn, when a
marketer looks for placement ideas and keyword groups, the search engines
help them choose the most popular keywords for maximum brand exposure.
Generally, before making any purchase decision, users tend to compare the
product/service on a search engine to have a better deal. This makes search
engine a valuable tool from a brands point of view as the search engines offer
tailor-made target group based on the searches the users have made. Search
engine marketing involves display advertising, text-based advertising and
remarketing. Text-based ads are the ones which are simple as it involves mostly
texts.
Mobile Marketing
Mobile marketing is the most recent form of marketing through mobile. With
ample of mobile data available and user dependability on their mobile phones, it
has opened multiple channels for brands to connect with its target users. Mobile
marketing is an extended form of the above-mentioned tools. It takes place over
the mobile phone with additional modes of marketing. The technique includes
SMS campaigns, in-app purchases, click to download ads, click to call ads and
push notifications. Although this tool of marketing is very much in demands,
there are still certain limitations when it comes to device compatibility. For e.g.:
iOS platform doesn’t support flash and media-rich banners as there is less scope
of animation on mobile phones.
Video Advertising
Video advertising in the digital scenario is an online advertisement with video
in its format. It comes in multiple formats like pre-roll, mid-roll, post-roll.
These ads are smartly placed in between videos on YouTube, Facebook and
many video sharing sites. Video advertisements are used to increase audience
engagement with high impact videos. Digital videos are generally more than 2-3
minutes long as opposed to a television commercial which is approximately a
30 seconder. With half the cost and more than double the running time, digital
videos have a higher engagement rate and wider reach than the traditional TVC.
Hence, even if a brand today plans for a TVC, they make it a point to have a
digital version of the same.

7. Identify and describe about the unique features of e-business technology

and discuss their business significance. 

The unique features of e-business technology are:-

Ubiquity- A traditional business market is a physical place, access to treatment
utilizing document circulation. For example, clothes and shoes are usually
directed to encourage customers to go somewhere to buy. E-commerce is
ubiquitous meaning that it can be everywhere. E-commerce is the worlds reduce
cognitive energy required to complete the task.

Global Reach- E-commerce allows business transactions on the cross country

bound can be more convenient and more effective as compared with traditional
commerce. On the e-commerce businesses, the potential market scale is roughly
equivalent to the network the size of the world’s population.

Universal Standards- E-commerce technologies are an unusual feature, is the

technical standard of the Internet, so to carry out the technical standard of e-
commerce is shared by all countries around the world standard. Standard can
greatly affect the market entry cost and considering the cost of the goods on the
market. The standard can make technology business existing become more
easily, which can reduce the cost, the technique of indirect costs, besides, can set
the electronic commerce website 100$ per month.

Information richness: Advertising and branding are an important part of

commerce. E-commerce can deliver video, audio, animation, billboards, signs,
etc. However, it’s about as rich as television technology.

Interactivity- Twentieth Century electronic commerce business technology is

called interactive, so they allow for two-way communication between businesses
and consumers.

E-business technology has transformed how every business, including brick

and mortar businesses, operates on a daily basis. Moving certain tasks to an
online platform has streamlined business operations, has improved
communications and has made the overall customer experience better. As a
business owner, examining how e-business technology can help you reach
your goals faster and with greater cost effectiveness, is worth your time. The
features of e-business technology and discuss their business significance are:-

Centralized Data:-

You want valuable business data at your fingertips, and e-business technology
has made most paper file systems and postal mail obsolete. Not only can a
letter be sent and received within seconds, it can be stored for future reference
with relevant email chains remaining together. This way you can see what was
sent, what the various replies were in the chain of communication. Simple
programs allow for online document signing which has made mortgage and
escrow closings possible from anywhere.
Centralized data refers to more than just correspondence. The "cloud" enables
businesses to take training documents or videos, employee records, client files,
and any and all other types of data away from the office into a central data
storage location. It's a cost-effective solution that saves storage space and
enables employees to access the required data easily from work or remote
locations. When clients are given the right permissions, cloud storage can help
client’s access information.

Effective Sales Processes:-

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software has helped companies
big and small improve customer relations. Most think of a CRM as a sales
tool, which it serves to do, but really, it's so much more. Online CRM software
programs enable your business to follow a customer from a cold prospect to a
lifetime client. It documents all correspondence, sales, and personal data
shared with the company such as birthdays or spouse's names. This enables
your business to extrapolate valuable information with a few clicks of the
mouse, including buyer's trends, client acquisitions costs, and the value of
each client.

Inventory Control and Automation:-

When you aren't constantly having to count cans of motor oil on the shelf so
that you can order and restock, you save valuable time for other business
needs. E-business solutions automate inventory with in-store, warehouse and
point-of-sale integration. Clerks now have the power to search for a product
in the store or warehouse so that they save themselves and customers time.
Systems are designed to alert you when you need to place a new order, and
also enables you to automate this for regular shipments, taking one more
thing off your plate.

Marketing and Advertising:-

Building a customer and prospect base is essential for every business. E-

business solutions have made it easier for you to advertise to your target
market. In fact, this operation is now easier than ever. Specialized platforms,
such as go-to social media platforms, will run analytics for your desired, ideal
client. Once you have this information, then target ads directly to them with
budgets that meet your company's bottom line needs. Targeting goes beyond
simply picking men or women in a certain age bracket. You can target down to
the ZIP code or even a favorite animal or both with many of the resources
online through Google Analytics and Facebook Insights.
8. What is digital marketing? Illustrate with examples. Explain the effects of
e-business Technologies on marketing strategy.

Digital marketing is the use of the Internet, mobile devices, social media, search
engines, and other channels to reach consumers. It is the component of
marketing that utilizes internet and online based digital technologies such as
desktop computers, mobile phones and other digital media and platforms to
promote products and services.
The effect of e-business technologies on marketing strategies are:-

Continued Connectivity
One of the draws of digital advertising is that it offers an instant connection to
customers. Customer service issues can be resolved faster through social media
chats, customers become aware of sales and promotions faster through social
media feeds, and ads can target users based on very specific needs and interests,
helping them find solutions faster than before.New technology, like AI, will
offer continued connection from a company to their client base.

Personalized Experiences
Personalization is another way new technology will help businesses maximize
their customer connections. Augmented-reality apps have already been
developed that show customers how a product would look in their space or even
approximate it on their person to help personalize the shopping experience.

Another form of digital personalization will likely be in the form of video.

People are used to video advertising through commercials, and while these are
targeted, the internet and analytics help to narrow the focus even further. This
means that companies can develop more custom video content and target it to
the customers who could benefit from it the most.

Easy management of promotional deals

Marketplaces make it convenient to offer coupons and bargains to customers. It

also shortens the response time. This is beneficial for the seller and the buyer.
Quicker responses allow sellers to make changes if needed for their campaigns.

Access to marketing data that take your sales to a new high

 Along with increased exposure to new customers, marketplaces also give brands
data about their sales. Brands can use information such as click data, reviews
etc. to improve their product. Understanding how a potential customer searches
for products also helps brands market themselves in better ways. For example,
when looking at things to keep in mind when product uploading to amazon,
ebay, walmart etc, knowing what search terms customers enter can help name
products.

Reduced cost of finding new customers

A marketplace has many more customers than an individual e-commerce

website. Effectively, this means that by spending the same amount of money on
promotions, you can be made visible to many more people. This brings down
the cost associated with acquiring a new customer.

9. What are the difference between purchase and procurement? Explain with
suitable examples.

Procurement Purchasing
Activities related to acquiring goods and Functions associated with buying goods and
services services
Steps that happen before, during, and after Straightforward process of purchasing
purchase commodities
Used in a production environment (internal Used in a wholesale environment (external
process) process)
Puts more importance on an item’s value than Tends to focus more on the item’s price than
its cost its value
 Procurement Purchasing
Refers to a set of tasks that spot and fulfill Refers to the specific task of committing
needs expenditure
Includes need recognition, sourcing, and Includes ordering, expediting, and payment
contract closure fulfillment
Follows a proactive approach to spot and fulfill Follows a reactive approach to satisfy
needs internal needs
Relational–focuses on creating long-term Transactional–focuses on transactions than
vendor relationships vendor relation
Procurement concentrates on the strategic process of product or service
sourcing, for example researching, negotiation and planning, whilst
the purchasing process focuses on how products and services are acquired and
ordered, such as raising purchase orders and arranging payment.

10. Explain the e-business models for e-products and e-services.  

The e-Business model, like any business model, describes

-How a company functions;
-How it provides a product or service,
-How it generates revenue, and
-How it will create and adapt to new markets and technologies.
It has four traditional components as shown in the figure,
1. E-Business concept,
2. Value proposition,
3. Sources of revenue.
4. Activities, resources, and capabilities.
In a successful business, all of its business model components work together in
a cooperative and supportive fashion.

11. E-business systems requires proper security management. What are the
ways to make such systems secured? Explain.

The explosion of e-business and e-commerce is forcing businessesand

consumers to focus on Internet security. Consumers are buying products, trading
stocks and banking online. They are providing their credit-card numbers, social-
security numbers and other highly confidential information through Web sites.
Businesses are sending confidential information to clients and vendors over the
Internet. At the same time, we are experiencing increasing numbers of security
attacks. Individuals and organizations are vulnerable to data theft and hacker
 attacks that can corrupt files and even shut down e-businesses. The ways to make
such systems secured are:-
Integrity: prevention against unauthorized data modification.
No repudiation: prevention against any one party from reneging(breaking of
words) on an agreement after the fact.
Authenticity: authentication of data source.
Confidentiality: protection against unauthorized data disclosure.
Privacy: provision of data control and disclosure.
Availability: prevention against data delays or removal.
Fraudsters are constantly looking to take advantage of online shoppers prone to
making novice errors.
Common mistakes that leave people vulnerable include shopping on websites
that aren't secure, giving out too much personal information, and leaving
computers open to viruses.

12. Explain various digital marketing activities (SEO, SEM…)

SEO:-

Search engine optimization is the process of improving the quality and quantity of
website traffic to a website or a web page from search engines. SEO targets unpaid
traffic rather than direct traffic or paid traffic.

SEM:-
Search engine marketing is a form of Internet marketing that involves the
promotion of websites by increasing their visibility in search engine results pages
primarily through paid advertising.

13. What is viral marketing? Explain different types of viral

marketing? Explain different merits and demerits of viral marketing? 
Viral marketing is a sales technique that involves organic or word-of-mouth
information about a product or service to spread at an ever-increasing rate. The
internet and the advent of social media has greatly increased the amount
of viral messages in the form of memes, shares, likes, and forwards.
The types of viral marketing are:-
- Pass- long
- Buss- Marketing
- Incentive viral
- Undercover-marketing
 - User managed database

The merits and demerits of viral marketing are:-

- Accessed by millions of people per day.
- Quicker way of reaching the customer
- Saves on advertising costs within company.
- Customize the message to your preferences.
- Sometimes gives company the good reputation.

Demerits
- Can be annoying and can be considered as spam.
- Focus more on short term success.
- Only benefits the company if an actual sale is made from ad.
- Many competitors can easily imitate the viral marketing techniques and steal the
markets from other companies.
- Can put out a negative impact on the company, in the same timing that it puts a
positive impact on the company.

14.  Explain e-procurement with pros and cons. 

Procurement is the process of finding and agreeing to terms, and acquiring goods,
services, or works from an external source, often via a tendering or competitive
bidding process. Procurement generally involves making buying decisions under
conditions of scarcity
The cons of e-procurement are:-
- Over reliance on technology and the disabling of due diligence. This often leads
to devastating shortages, delays, and supply chain disruptions.
- Lack of buy in and resistance to change from employees
- Increased Complexity
- Poor Integration with existing systems
- Cost

The pros of e-procurement are:-

- Reduced Costs
- Transparent Spending
- Increased Productivity
- Eliminating Paperwork
- Increased Transaction Speed
- Standardized Buying
- Reduced Errors.