Name : Frensy Octavida

NIM : 2019111032
Class : 3B

Teori dan masalah penerjemahan

Chapter 1 (Summary)

The essence of the translator

1. Translation as a daily activity in life
Translation is basically an activity of transferring the meaning (meaning) based on the context
(message) from the first speaker, which is called the sender to the second speaker, which is
called the receiver, which makes communication effective. So, the essence of translation
activities is the contextual meaning. And the main purpose of translation activities is how to
make other people as recipients (readers, viewers, etc.) understand.
There are several definitions of translation put forward by several figures:
Cattford emphasizes the definition of translation on the transfer of text, which of course
contains meaning in the text. Catford (1965: 73-82) distinguishes shifts in translation (level shift
and category shift).
Nida (1967) says that, "Translating consist in producing in the receptor language the closest
natural equivalent to the message of the source language, first in meaning and secondly in style".
Larson (1989: 3) provides a definition of translation by saying that translation means re-
expressing the same meaning using lexicons and grammatical structures that are appropriate in
the target language and cultural context

2. The translation stage

In his book A Survey of Translation Theory (1981), Bathgate divides the seven stages of
translation activities, namely:
1. Tuning: Tunning is an assessment stage of the source text
will be translated.
2. Analysis: Analysis is the stage of analyzing the contents of the source language message
(BSu) grammatically and semantically (meaning).
3. Understanding: Understanding (understanding) is a stage of reading and
understanding the source language text. Translation methods that can be used, are: word for
word, adaptation and syntax.
4. Terminology: the translator thinks about disclosing the translation into the target language.
Mainly focuses on finding appropriate, accurate and harmonious terms, expressions in the target
language
5. Restructuring: the translator rearranges everything that has been designed, adjusted and
adjusted to the target language. The translation models used are modulation models, generative
models and integral models.
6. Checking: the translator checks the results of the first translation in the first draft. The
translator marks mistakes in parts of the translation.
7. Discussion: translators discuss with others about the translation results.

• The method of translating

Regardless of the differences that exist, each translator expert classifies the translations below
into types, methods or techniques. In connection with the limitations of the term translation
method, Molina and Albir stated that «Translation method refers to the way of a particular
translation process that is carried out in terms of the translator's objective, I'e., A global option
that affects the whole texts», From this discussion, it can be concluded that the translation
method is more likely to be a method used by translators in the translation process according to
its purpose, for example a translator global option that affects the entire text.
1. Word for word translation
In the word-for-word translation method, usually Tsa words are placed directly under the ST
version or called interlinear translation. This method of translation is very much tied to the level
of SL words in TL. The word order in the translation sentence is exactly the same as the word
order in the SL sentence.
2. Literal translation
Literal translation or also called straight translation is between word for word translation and free
translation. In the translation process, the translator looks for grammatical constructions of SL
that are equivalent to or close to TL
3. Translation is faithful
In faithful translation the translator seeks to produce contextual meanings from the original text
precisely within the boundaries of the grammatical structure of the target text