IMPORTANT

TERMS IN
NUTRITION
MARTIN, CHRISTINE JOYE
SUBMITTED BY:
DENT3C
NUTRITION
This refers to the science that interprets the
assimilation process of taking in food and
using it for growth, metabolism, and repair.
Moreover, better nutrition is related to
improved infant, child and maternal health,
stronger immune systems, safer pregnancy
and childbirth, lower risk of non-communicable
diseases, and longevity.
https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4602
https://www.who.int/health-topics/nutrition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition
https://www.britannica.com/science/nutrition
NUTRITION
The nutrition process
includes the following:
ingestion
absorption
assimilation
biosynthesis
catabolism https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4602
https://www.who.int/health-topics/nutrition

excretion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition
https://www.britannica.com/science/nutrition
FOOD
Food is very fundamental to nutrition. This refers to the edible
nourishing material or substance that is digested by the body. Food
also may also consist of nutritive components such as protein,
carbohydrate, fat and other nutrients used in the body of an
organism to sustain growth, repair, and vital processes and to
furnish energy.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/food
https://www.britannica.com/topic/food
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/food
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/food.html
 Nutrients are chemical
compounds obtained from
the diet that are used by
NUTRIENTS the body to function
properly and maintain
health.

hhttps://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/showterm.aspx?tID=163
https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.
nsf/Content/canteen-mgr-tr1~nutrients
https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/American_Public_Univer
sity/APUS%3A_An_Introduction_to_Nutrition_
https://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/nutrient/nutrient.php
 There are  six major nutrients:
Carbohydrates (CHO), Lipids (fats),
Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water.
These nutrients are further
NUTRIENTS classified into two groups
(macronutrients or micronutrients).

Macronutrients are energy-

providing nutrients while
micronutrients are the vitamins and
minerals
hhttps://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/showterm.aspx?tID=163
https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.
nsf/Content/canteen-mgr-tr1~nutrients
https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/American_Public_Univer
sity/APUS%3A_An_Introduction_to_Nutrition_
https://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/nutrient/nutrient.php
 CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients
that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Moreover, carbohydrates have several roles in living
organisms, including energy transportation.

https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html
merriam-webster.com/dictionary/carbohydrate
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/161547#simple-and-complex-carbs
 CARBOHYDRATES
There are two types of carbohydrates: simple and complex. Simple
carbohydrates include natural and added sugars. They provide a rapid
source of energy. On the other hand, complex carbohydrates include
whole grain breads and cereals, starchy vegetables and legumes.
Complex carbohydrates tend to fill an individual up for longer, and they
are considered more healthful, as they contain more vitamins, minerals,
and fiber.
https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html
merriam-webster.com/dictionary/carbohydrate
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/161547#simple-and-complex-carbs
 Protein is a macronutrient that is
essential to muscle mass building,
growth, and repair of tissue. It is
composed of amino acids. These

PROTEINS amino acids are organic compounds

made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen or sulfur held together by
peptide bonds. https://www.livescience.com/53044-protein.html
https://www.yourdictionary.com/protein
 Proteins are commonly found in
animal products like meat, poultry,
seafood. In addition to this,
PROTEINS proteins are also present in other
sources, such as nuts and legumes.

https://www.livescience.com/53044-protein.html
https://www.yourdictionary.com/protein
FATS
Fats are nutrients formed from chemicals called
fatty acids that serves as a fuel source as it is the
major storage form of energy. Moreover, fats
helps with the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K
or the fat-soluble vitamins.

Fats in food come in several forms, including

saturated, monounsaturated, and trans fat. A
moderate amount of fat is needed in the diet for
good health.

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fats.
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm
https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3394
FATS
Some examples of foods that
contain fats are butter, oil, nuts,
meat, fish, processed foods and
some dairy products

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fats.
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm
https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3394
WATER
Water is a liquid composed of hydrogen and oxygen
chemical elements that is described as transparent,
odorless, tasteless.

Water transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells,

provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place,
helps to flush out waste products, aids in maintaining a
constant  body temperature, and keeps the tissues in the
skin, mouth, eyes, and nose moist.
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/water
https://www.universalclass.com/articles/health/nutrition/the-importance-of-
water.htm
https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-
maps/water-and-nutrition
WATER
Aside from a glass of water, vegetables
and fruits like cucumber, tomato, celery,
oranges and pineapples also have high
water content.

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/water
https://www.universalclass.com/articles/health/nutrition/the-importance-of-
water.htm
https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-
maps/water-and-nutrition
 VITAMINS
Vitamins are essential
micronutrients that are needed in
small amounts for normal cell
function, metabolism, growth, and
development.

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002399.htm
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/vitamins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218756/#:~:text=The%20water%2Dsoluble
%20vitamins%20include,%2C%20biotin%2C%20and%20pantothenic%20acid.
 VITAMINS
Vitamins are grouped into two categorie.
Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K)
which are stored in the body's fatty tissue.
Water-soluble vitamins. which are not stored in
the body. Water-soluble vitamins include ascorbic
acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin,  vitamin  B6  ,
folacin, vitamin B12, biotin, and pantothenic acid.

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002399.htm
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/vitamins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218756/#:~:text=The%20water%2Dsoluble
%20vitamins%20include,%2C%20biotin%2C%20and%20pantothenic%20acid.
 MINERALS
Minerals are inorganic nutrients required by the body to
be ingested and absorbed in small amounts to satisfy a
wide variety of essential metabolic and/or structural
functions in the body. Minerals are found in foods that are
essential for growth and health and do not contain the
element carbon. They are involved in the formation of
bones and teeth and are essential constituents of body
fluids and tissues.

http://www.healthofchildren.com/M/Minerals.html
https://www.nutrition.org.uk/nutritionscience/nutrients-food-and-ingredients/minerals
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-642-16483-5_3752
https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/ta3912
 MINERALS
Essential minerals are sometimes divided up into
major minerals (macrominerals) and trace minerals
(microminerals). Trace minerals are needed in smaller
amounts than major minerals.

The minerals that are relevant to human nutrition are

water, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium,
phosphate, sulfate, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc,
manganese, iodine, selenium, and molybdenum.

http://www.healthofchildren.com/M/Minerals.html
https://www.nutrition.org.uk/nutritionscience/nutrients-food-and-ingredients/minerals
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-642-16483-5_3752
https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/ta3912
 Enzymes are type of protein substances that
act as catalyst in living organisms, regulating

ENZYMES
the rate at which  chemical reactions  proceed
without itself being altered in the process. The
enzymes in the body help to perform very
important tasks. These include building muscle,
destroying toxins, and breaking down food
particles during digestion.

https://www.britannica.com/science/enzyme
https://www.foodenzymeinstitute.com/content/Why-Food-Enzymes-are-Important.aspx
https://www.healthline.com/health/why-are-enzymes
 There are three classifications of enzymes.
Food enzymes occur in raw food which begins

ENZYMES
the process of digestion. Secondly, digestive
enzymes are produced by the body to break
food into particles small enough to be carried
across the gut wall. Lastly, metabolic enzymes
which produced by the body to perform
various complex biochemical reactions

https://www.britannica.com/science/enzyme
https://www.foodenzymeinstitute.com/content/Why-Food-Enzymes-are-Important.aspx
https://www.healthline.com/health/why-are-enzymes
HORMONES
Hormones are chemical substances produced in
the body that controls and regulates the activity
of certain cells or organs. Hormones are essential
for every activity of life, including the processes
of  digestion, metabolism, growth, reproduction,
and mood control. They serve as chemical
messengers that are secreted from the endocrine
glands directly into the blood, which carries them
to organs and tissues of the body to exert their
functions.

https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3783
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Hormones.aspx
 Nutriture is the condition
or state of the
NUTRITURE
nourishment of the body
with regard to nutrition.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/nutriture
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/nutriture
 MALNUTRITION
Malnutrition refers to the condition that results
from deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a
person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients
which can lead to serious health issues,
including stunted growth, eye problems,
diabetes and heart disease. This happens when
a person’s diet does not provide enough
nutrients or the right balance of nutrients for
optimal health.
https://www.who.int/features/qa/malnutrition
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/malnutrition#1
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179316
 MALNUTRITION
Malnutrition have 3 broad groups of conditions and
these are:
Undernutrition - this includes wasting, stunting, and
underweight

Micronutrient -this is in relation to micronutrient

deficiencies or micronutrient excess

Overweight, obesity and diet-related

noncommunicable diseases (such as heart disease,
stroke, diabetes and some cancers).
https://www.who.int/features/qa/malnutrition
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/malnutrition#1
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179316