Dental Materials

Dental materials.
Chapter 2.
BASIC NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS.
Short essays.
1. Adhesion and mechanical bonding.
2. Stress and strain.
3. Define stress and strain and mention different types of tests for testing hardness.
4. Ductility and malleability.
5. Dimensions of color.
6. Hardness test.
7. Hardness.
8. Coefficient of thermal expansion.
9. Thermal expansion.
10. Thermophysical properties of dental materials.
11. Define strain hardening. Give examples.
12. Hue, chroma and value.
13. Define hardness, write down various tests for hardness.
14. Rheological properties
15. Flow and creep.
Short answer.
1. Contact angle.
2. Types of stresses.
3. Stress and strain.
4. Tensile stress.
5. Adhesion and contact angle.
6. Define stress and strain.
7. Strain hardening.
8. Thermal expansion.
9. Ionic bond.
10. Surface energy.
11. Wetting agents.
12. Wetting.
13. Modulus of elasticity.
14. Elastic modulus.
15. Resilience.
16. Strength.
17. Elastic limit.
18. Proportion limits.
19. Fusion temperatures.
20. Coefficient of thermal expansion.
21. Space lattice.
22. Compressive strength.
23. Fatigue strength.
24. Brittleness and toughness.
25. Hardness test.
26. Creep.
27. Creep and flow.
28. Ductility and malleability.
29. Hardness.
30. brinell hardness test
31. Hue chroma and value.
32. Hue.
Chapter 3.
BIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION OF DENTAL MATERIALS.
Long essays.
What is biocompatibility. Describe the biological consideration of dental materials.
Short essays.
1. Disinfection of impression materials.
2. Biocompatibility.
3. Toxic effects of materials.
4. Evaluation of toxicity of dental materials.
5. Galvanism.
Short answer.
1. Micro leakage.
2. Galvanism.
3. Biocompatibility.
4. Disinfection of impression materials.
Chapter 4.
TARNISH AND CORROSIVE.
Short essays.
1. Define tarnish and corrosion.
2. Classification and causes of corrosion.
3. Corrosion of oral appliances.
4. Types of corrosion.
5. Corrosion.
6. Galvanic corrosion.
Short answers.
1. Galvanic corrosion.
2. Types of corrosion.
3. Corrosion.
4. Define tarnish and corrosion.
5. Electrochemical corrosion.
6. Dry corrosion.
7. Stress corrosion.
Chapter 5.
INTRODUCTION TO RESTORATION LUTING AND PULP
THERAPY.
Short essays.
1. Luting cements.
2. Biocompatibility of dental materials. Add a note on pulp capping agents.
Short Answers.
1. Luting cements.
2. Thermal insulating base.
Chapter 6.
CAVITY LINERS AND VARNISH.
Short essays.
1. Define and describe uses and composition of cavity liners and varnish.
2. Liners and bases.
3. Cavity varnish.
4. Cavity liners.
5. Cavity liners and varnish.
6. Composition uses and application of cavity varnish
7. Classify bases and write briefly about varnishes.
Short answers.
1. Cavity liners.
2. Cavity varnish.
Chapter 7.
DENTAL CEMENTS.
Long essays.
1. Classify dental cements. Write a note on chemistry of setting, mechanism of adhesion and
uses of gic.
2. Classify dental cements. Describe In detail about glass ionomer cements.
3. Classify dental cements. Describe in detail the composition, supply and setting reaction
of glass ionomer cements. Mention the newer development in glass ionomer cements.
4. Classify dental cements and write in detail about manipulation, composition and uses of
gic.
5. Classify luting cements. Discuss in detail about the composition properties and
manipulation of glass ionomer luting cements.
6. Classify dental cements. Mention the composition and describe manipulation of zinc
phosphate cements.
7. Classify dental cements. Discuss the composition, setting and uses of gic.
8. Classify dental cements. Write down composition, advantage and uses of gic.
9. What are the uses of dental cements. Describe the composition setting reaction and
physical properties of zinc poly carboxylate cements.
10. What are adhesive cements. Describe the composition, manipulation and uses of type I
gic.
11. Mention the types of glass ionomer cements. What is the composition of gic. Add a note
on mechanism of adhesion of gic to the tooth structure and mention it’s uses.
12. Give the composition , setting reaction and bonding of tooth structure of gic.
Short essays.
1. Advantages of EBA cements.
2. Zinc phosphate cements.
3. Gic.
4. Classification and composition of gic.
5. Composition and uses of gic.
6. Mechanism of adhesion in gic and their uses.
7. Manipulation of zinc phosphate cements
8. Resin modified glass ionomer.
9. Poly carboxylate cements.
10. Non-eugenol cements.
11. Classification of dental cements.
12. Intermediate restoration.
13. Composition and uses of poly carboxylate cements.
14. Zinc oxide eugenol cements.
15. Define biocompatibility and explain pulpal response to gic.
16. Compomer.
17. Calcium hydroxide.
18. Uses of calcium hydroxide.
19. Modifications of gic.
20. Recent advance in glass ionomer.
21. Glass cermet cements.
22. Metal modified gic.
23. Adhesive agents.
Short answers.
1. Zinc oxide eugenol cements.
2. Glass ionomer.
3. Classification of gic.
4. Composition of gic.
5. Classification of dental cements.
6. Intermediate restorative cements.
7. Frozen glass slab method.
8. Uses of poly carboxylate cements.
9. Adhesion.
10. Cements base
11. Pulp capping agents.
12. Silicate cements.
13. Anhydrous zinc phosphate cements.
14. Composition of zinc phosphate cements.
15. Manipulation of zinc phosphate cements.
16. Cermet.
17. Calcium hydroxide.
18. Uses of calcium hydroxide.
19. Uses of adhesive cements.
20. Resin cements.
CHAPTER 8;
DENTAL AMALGAM.
Long essay:
1. Define trituration. What are the different trituration method for silver amalgam. Explain the
amalgamation reaction of various types of dental amalgam.
2. What are the types of silver amalgam. Describe the manipulation of silver amalgam from
proportioning to carving and finishing. What are the shortcomings of silver amalgam.
3. Classify, give composition and properties of silver amalgam.
4. Give composition of silver amalgam alloys and discuss setting reactions and properties
of silver amalgam.
5. Classify silver amalgam alloys. Describe in detail the supply, composition, and
manipulation of high copper amalgam. Add a note on mercury hygiene.
6. Define an alloy. Give the composition of dental amalgam alloys. Write the various stages
of manipulation of amalgam alloys.
7. Give the composition of dental amalgam alloys and write in detail about manipulation and
properties of high copper dental amalgam…
Short essay:
1. Creep of dental amalgam.
2. Manipulation of amalgam alloys.
3. Spherical amalgam alloys.
4. Composition of silver amalgam.
5. Difference between high and low copper silver alloys..
6. High copper alloys.
7. Eutectic and pentectic alloys.
8. Unicompositional alloys.
9. Delayed expansion in amalgam.
10. Dimensional change of silver amalgam.
11. Zinc free alloys.
12. High copper amalgam.
13. Admixed alloys.
14. Silver alloys-mercury ratio.
15. Trituration of dental amalgam.
16. Condensation of amalgam.
17. Burnishing and polishing of amalgam.
18. Polishing agents.
19. Mercury hygiene and precautions to be taken while handling them
20. Mercury toxicity…
Short answer:
1. Amalgamator
2. Admixed alloys.
3. Eutectic alloys.
4. Silver palladium alloys.
5. Delayed expansion of amalgam.
6. Zinc free alloys.
7. Eames techniques.
8. Creep in amalgam.
9. Classification of silver amalgam alloys
10. Premalgamated alloys.
11. Gamma 2 phase in silver amalgam ..
12. High copper alloys
13. Gamma 1 phase.
14. Setting reaction of gamma 2 phase.
15. Trituration.
16. Poisoning.
17. Burnishing of silver amalgam.
18. Mercury toxicity.
19. Amalgam bonding.
20. Biological effects of Mercury.
CHAPTER 9:
DIRECT FILLING GOLD.
Long essay:
1. Discuss the various types of direct filling gold and compaction of gold foil.
2. In what form are gold used in dentistry. Describe in detail the various types of direct filling
gold available. Briefly mention degassing technique.
3. Describe the different types of direct filling gold. Add a note on degassing procedures.
Short essay:
1. Degassing and compaction procedure in direct filling gold.
2. Annealing of gold foil.
3. Compaction of gold foil.
4. Enumerate types of direct filling gold.
5. Gold foil.
6. Classify direct gold restorative material and add a note on degassing procedure in direct
gold.
7. Mat gold.
8. Cohesive gold.
9. Condensation and polishing of gold foil.
10. Properties and uses of direct gold restorative materials.
Short answer:
1. Types of direct gold.
2. Gold foil.
3. Cohesive and non cohesive gold.
4. Precipitated gold.
5. Electrolytic gold foil.
6. Degassing.
7. Pistinised foil.
8. Manipulation of direct filling gold.
9. Annealing.
CHAPTER 10;
COMPOSITE RESINS AND BONDING AGENTS.
Long essay:
1. Name the various anterior esthetics restorative material used. Write the composition,
properties and manipulation of hybrid composite. Add a note on sandwich materials.
2. Describe composition and classification of composite restorative material.
3. Classify composite restorative material and write in detail about the various components
of composite resins. Add a note on posterior composite.
4. Classify composite resins restorative material. What are there components and role in it.
Mention the advantage and disadvantage of light cure composite resins restorative
material.
5. Enumerate tooth color restorative material. Write down classification of composite resins
with their advantages and disadvantages.
6. What are the ideal requirements of a restorative materials. Write the indication,
advantages and disadvantage of tooth coloured restorative material.
7. Define composite. Classify composite. Discuss briefly about each material.
8. Describe Polymerization mechanisms. Add a note on stages in addition Polymerization.
Short essay:
1. Enamel and dentin bonding agents.
2. Dentin bonding agents.
3. Sandwich technique.
4. Microfilled composite.
5. Hybrid composite.
6. Posterior composite.
7. Classification of composite resins and role of fillers In composite resins.
8. Dual cure resins.
9. Light cure composite resins.
10. Composite resins.
11. Classification and uses of composite resins.
12. Fillers In composite.
13. Light cure composite
14. Acid etch technique.
15. Mechanism of acid etchings in acid etch technique.
16. Indirect composite.
Pit and fissure sealants.
Short answer:
1. Filler.
2. Polymerization.
3. Tooth coloured restoration.
4. Classify composite resins.
5. Uses if composite restorative resins.
6. Fillers and their role in composite resins.
7. Fillers in composite.
8. Composition of composite resins.
9. Flowable composite.
10. Hybrid composite.
11. Acid etch technique.
12. Coupling agents in composite resins.
13. Activator-initiators in light cure composite.
14. Activators in composite resins.
15. Photo initiators.
16. Chemically activated composite.
17. Bonding agents.
18. Dentin bonding agents.
19. Sandwich technique.
20. Pits and fissure sealants.
21. Preventive resin restoration.
CHAPTER 11;
RIGID IMPRESSION MATERIAL.
Long essay:
1. Classify impression materials and write in detail about composition, manipulation and
uses of zinc oxide eugenol impression material.
2. Classify impression material. Write in detail the composition, manipulation and uses of
impression compound.
3. Write in detail about zinc oxide eugenol impression paste.
4. What are the ideal requirements of impression materials? Write composition, setting
reaction and uses of zinc oxide eugenol impression paste.
Short essay:
1. Composition and chemistry of setting reaction of zinc oxide euguenol impression part.
2. Ideal requirements impression material.
3. Impression compound.
4. Composition of impression compound.
5. Zinc oxide eugenol impression material
6. Zinc oxide eugenol impression paste.
7. Non eugenol paste.
Short answer:
1. Zinc oxide eugenol impression paste.
2. Accelerators in zinc oxide eugenol impression paste.
3. Non eugenol paste.
4. Bite registration paste.
5. Classification of impression material.
6. Setting reaction of zinc oxide eugenol paste
CHAPTER 12;
ELASTIC IMPRESSION MATERIAL-AGAR AND ALGINATE.
Long essay:
1. What are the requirements of an ideal impression material. Discuss in detail about the
composition, supply and manipulation of irreversible hydrocolloids.
2. Write down ideal requirements of impression material. Discuss irreversible hydrocolloids.
3. Classify impression material and write in detail about composition, manipulation and
properties of reversible hydrocolloids impression material.
4. Classify dental impression material and write in detail about the composition, chemical
reactions and properties of irreversible hydrocolloids impression material.
5. Classify impression material. Describe the composition, setting reaction and the various
precautions to be observed to minimize the failures in the case of alginate hydrocolloids
impression material.
6. Classify impression material. Write the composition of irreversible hydrocolloids it’s
advantage and disadvantage.
7. Classify hydrocolloids impression material. Describe the composition and manipulation of
reversible hydrocolloids.Mention briefly about wet field techniques.
8. Describe the composition, properties and manipulation of agar impression material.
Compare it with alginate impression material.
9. Classify impression material and write in detail about alginate material.
10. Classify hydrocolloids. Write the composition and manipulation of irreversible
hydrocolloids. Add a note on disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloids and it’s latest
advancements.
11. Discuss irreversible hydrocolloids as impression material.
Short essay;
1. Drawbacks of alginate impression material.
2. Manipulation of agar impression material.
3. Gelation of irreversible hydrocolloids.
4. Properties and applications of alginate impression material.
5. Types of failure with alginate impression material.
Short answer;
1. Hysteresis.
2. Imbibition and syneresis.
3. Imbibition.
4. Wet field techniques.
5. Modified alginates.
6. Irreversible impression material.
7. Composition of agar.
8. Syneresis.
9. Laminate techniques.
10. Chemistry of setting of irreversible hydrocolloids.
11. Spatulation of alginate.
CHAPTER 13;
ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIAL.
Long essay;
1. Classify impression material. Discuss elastomeric silicone impression material.
Short essay:
1. Elastomers.
2. Advantage and disadvantage of elastomeric impression material.
3. Silicone impression material.
4. Composition and setting reaction of polyethers.
5. Setting reaction and factors affecting the setting of rubber base impression material.
6. Manipulation of rubber base impression.
Short answer:
1. Addition silicone.
2. Composition of additional polysilicone Impression material.
3. Types of rubber base impression material.
4. Advantage of elastomeric impression material.
5. Advantage and disadvantage of polysulfides.
6. Advantage of elastomers.
7. Multiple mix impression techniques.
CHAPTER 14:
INTRODUCTION TO MODEL, CAST AND DIE MATERIAL.
 Short essay:
1. Ideal requisites of a die material and mention different types of die material.
2. Electroformed dies.
3. Refractory material.
4. Define a die and a cast. Mention different types of die material.
5. Die material.
6. Die stones.
7. Divestment.
Short answer:
1. Electroformed dies.
2. Epoxy resin dies.
3. Die material.
4. Die.
5. Divestment.
CHAPTER 15:
GYPSUM PRODUCTS:
Long essay;
1. Classify gypsum products. Discuss In detail about alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrates.
2. What are the various gypsum products used in dentistry. Describe the setting reaction of
gypsum products. How is the setting expansion controlled.
3. What are the types of gypsum products used in dentistry. Describe in detail about the
setting reaction and the various factors which affect the dimensional stability of dental
stone.
4. What are the different methods of manipulation gypsum products. Write the setting
reaction of gypsum. Mention the uses of gypsum products.
5. Discuss plaster of Paris In detail.
6. Classify dental gupsum products. Write in detail about composition, setting reaction of
dental plaster and dental stone.
7. Classify gypsum products and write in detail about the chemistry and properties of type 2
gypsum products.
8. Define setting time of gypsum products. Mention and explain different methods of
measuring setting time. Add a note on theories of setting time and disinfection of gypsum
products.
Short essay:
1. High strength, high expansion dental stone (type 4).
2. Setting reaction of plaster of Paris.
3. Manufacture of gypsum.
4. Dental stone.
5. Type 3 gypsum products.
6. Water/powder ratio of gypsum products.
7. Methods of determination of setting time of gypsum.
8. Role of accelerator and retarders in setting time.
9. Compare alpha and beta hemihydrates.
10. Setting expansion.
11. Hygroscopic expansion.
12. Compare plaster of Paris and dental stone.
Short answer;
1. Uses of plaster of Paris
2. Mounting plaster.
3. Plaster of Paris.
4. Calcination.
5. Type 5 gypsum products.
6. Gilimore test for final setting of gypsum products.
7. Dental stone.
8. Control of setting time of gypsum products.
9. Factors affecting setting time of gypsum products.
10. Accelerator in plaster of Paris.
11. Hygroscopic expansion.
12. Green strength of gypsum.
CHAPTER 16:
WAXES IN DENTISTRY;
Long essay;
1. Classify dental waxes. Discuss in detail inlay casting wax.
2. Classify dental waxes. Give ideal requirements of waxes. Write the manipulation and
properties of inlay waxes.
3. Mention the different waxes used in dentistry. Write the composition desirable properties
and manipulation of inlay waxes.
4. Name the different waxes used in dentistry. What are the desirable properties and uses of
inlay waxes. How do we avoid wax distortion.
5. Classify waxes in dentistry. Write the composition of casting waxes. Explain the
procedures for obtaining the wax pattern for an inlay restoration.
6. Describe the composition, properties, manipulation and uses of inlay casting wax.
Short essay
1. Inlay wax.
2. Blue inlay wax.
3. Causes and preservation of wax distortion.
4. Manipulation of inlay wax.
5. Manipulation and uses of inlay wax.
6. Ideal requirements and composition of inlay wax
7. Composition and properties of inlay casting wax
8. Composition and manipulation of inlay wax.
9. Base plate wax.
Short answer;
1. Properties of inlay wax.
2. Composition of blue inlay wax.
3. Composition of inlay wax.
4. Classify dental waxes.
5. Distortion of inlay wax.
6. Base plate waxes.
7. Sticky wax.
CHAPTER 17;
DENTAL CASTING INVESTMENT.
Long essay;
1. What are the type of dental investment? Describe the composition, effect of each
ingredient and uses of gypsum bonded investment. What is thermal expansion of
investment?
2. Enumerate the ideal requirements of an investment material. Describe phosphate bonded
investment in detail.
3. Classify investment material and write in detail about gypsum bonded investment
material.
4. Classify investment material. Mention the requisites of an ideal investment material. Write
the composition and uses of phosphate bonded investment.
Short essay;
1. Thermal expansion of investment.
2. Mention the requisites of an ideal investment material.
3. Classify dental investment. Explain in brief about gypsum bonded investment.
4. Gypsum bonded investment material.
5. Write about the technical considerations of gypsum bonded investment.
6. Classification and requirements of investment material.
7. Classify investment material and discuss expansion in investment material.
8. Phosphate bonded investment material.
9. Short answer:
10. Phosphate bonded investment material.
11. Gypsum bonded investment.
12. Thermal expansion of investment.
13. Silica bonded investment.
CHAPTER 18;
CASTING PROCEDURES.
Long essay:
1. Describe the casting procedure in detail for a gold casting from preparation of the wax
pattern on the die up to recovery of the casting from the mould.
2. List the casting defects that can arise and describe in detail how to avoid them.
3. Explain various steps in casting procedures for a gold inlay. What are the possible errors
that can happen in these steps that can lead to defective castings. Add a note on casting
machines.
4. Write in detail about casting defects.
Short essay:
1. Solidification defect in casting.
2. Define sprue. Explain the attachment of sprue to the pattern.
3. Sprue former.
4. Causes and prevention of wax distortion.
5. Surface roughness and irregularities.
6. Casting for defective castings.
7. Types and uses of casting machines.
8. Cast gold alloys.
9. Types and causes of casting defects.
10. Casting defects.
11. Porosities in casting gold alloys.
12. Casting shrinkage.
13. Back pressure porosity.
Short answer:
1. Zones of a flame.
2. Picking.
3. Picking solution.
4. Quenching.
5. Casting.
6. Sprue former.
7. Diameter of sprue former.
8. Length of sprue former.
9. Casting ring liner.
10. Reservoir.
11. Die spacer.
12. Ring liners.
13. Sprue.
14. Sprue and sprue former.
15. Causes of surface roughness of gold alloys casting.
16. Casting Shrinkage.
17. Localized shrinkage porosity.
18. Suck back porosity.
19. Microporosity.
20. Back pressure porosity.
CHAPTER 19:
DENTAL CASTING ALLOYS.
Long essay;
1. Classify casting gold alloys. Discuss casting defects.
2. Classify dental casting alloys. Describe about mechanical properties and a note on metal
ceramics.
Short essay:
1. Classification and uses of dental casting alloys.
2. Composition of gold alloys.
3. Types of gold alloys.
4. Base metal alloys.
5. Cobalt- chromium alloys.
6. Classification of alloys and casting alloys.
7. Manufacturing of spherical silver alloy powder.
8. Cast base metal alloys.
9. Compare and contrast base metal and noble metal alloys.
Short answer:
1. Karat and fitness of gold.
2. Heat treatment of noble metal alloys.
3. Chrome cobalt alloys.
4. Noble and precious metals.
5. Classification of cast gold alloys.
6. Gold alloys.
7. Nickel chromium alloys.
8. Advantage of base metal casting alloys.
CHAPTER 20:
ABRASION AND POLISHING.
Short essay;
1. Diamond points.
2. Abrasives.
3. Rake angle.
4. Dental burs and their function.
5. Abrasives and polishing agent.
6. Bur materials.
7. Classify dental burs and mention factors affecting the cutting efficiency of burs.
Short answer;
1. Clearance angle and it’s importance.
2. Negative rake angle in dental burs.
3. Rake angle in bur tooth.
4. Rake angle.
5. Bonded abrasives.
6. Abrasives and polishing agent.
7. Define abrasion and polishing.
8. Rouge.
9. Diamond abrasives.
10. Pumice.
11. Abrasives used in dentistry.
12. Dental burs.
13. Polishing agent.
14. Dentifrice.
15. Composition of dentifrice.
CHAPTER 21:
DENTAL CERAMICS.
Long essay;
1. Classify metal ceramic alloys. What are the ideal requirements of metal ceramic alloys.
Mention the different factors which help in bringing an effective bond between the
ceramics and metal. Add a note on recent ceramics.
2. Classify dental ceramics. Write the composition of dental processing. Discuss the
methods of condensation of dental porcelain and uses of porcelain.
3. Classify dental porcelain. Write the condensation and firing of porcelain.
4. Classify dental ceramics. Write in detail about various ceramics material.
5. What are the different ways of producing a ceramic restoration. Describe the procedure of
condensation and sintering of feldspathic porcelain.
Short essay:
1. Explain the various methods of condensation and stages of firing of dental porcelain
restoration.
2. Firing of porcelain.
3. Glazing of porcelain.
4. Porcelain bonded to metal.
5. Classification and uses of dental porcelain.
6. Composition and classification of dental porcelain.
7. Composition of ceramic.
8. Condensation of porcelain.
9. Aluminous porcelain.
10. Dicor castable ceramic
11. Properties and methods of strengthening dental ceramic.
Short answer:
1. Uses of dental porcelain.
2. Advances in dental ceramic.
3. Classification of dental porcelain.
4. Composition of dental porcelain.
5. Role of feldspar in porcelain.
6. Core ceramic.
7. Ideal requirements of casting alloys used in porcelain fused to metal restoration.
8. Types of glazes used in dental porcelain.
9. Uses of glazing in dental porcelain.
10. Porcelain shrinkage.
11. Strengthening of dental porcelain.
12. Overglaze.
13. Dicor.
14. Castable ceramic.
15. Advantages of castable ceramic.
16. Composition of feldspathic porcelain.
17. Porcelain denture teeth.
CHAPTER 22:
WROUGHT ALLOYS.
Long essay:
1. What are the uses of wrought alloys in dentistry? Describe the properties of stainless
steel. Add a note on soldering and welding.
Short essay:
1. Stainless steel alloys.
2. Stainless steel.
3. Stages in annealing.
4. 18:8 stainless steel.
5. Classify stainless steel. Write the composition and uses of 18:8 Stainless steel.
6. Sensitization and stabilization of stainless steel.
Short answer:
1. Stainless steel.
2. Properties of orthodontic wires.
3. 18:8 wires.
4. Nickel titanium alloys.
CHAPTER 23:
BRAZING AND WELDING.
Short essay;
1. Soldering and types of dental soldering techniques.
2. Flux.
3. Flux and antiflux.
4. Soldering and welding.
5. Properties of dental solder.
6. Welding.
7. Soldering.
8. Soldering techniques.
Short answer:
1. Requisites for dental solder.
2. Soldering and brazing.
3. Soldering.
4. Welding.
5. Definition of soldering and welding.
6. Difference between soldering and welding.
7. Brazing.
8. Weld nugget.
9. Solder.
10. Flux.
11. Flux and antiflux.
12. Soldering flames.
13. Methods of melting the alloys.
CHAPTER 24:
DENTAL IMPLANT MATERIAL.
Short essay:
1. Dental implant material.
Short answer:
1. Dental implant material.
CHAPTER 25:
DENTURE RESINS AND POLYMERS.
Long essay;
1. Classify denture base resins. Write in detail about the different methods of curing.
2. Classify denture base material. Write down the composition and properties of heat cure
acrylic resins.
3. Classify denture base resins. Discuss their properties, manipulation, advantage, and
disadvantage.
4. Classify resins used in dentistry. Write in detail about the supply, composition, and
manipulation of acrylic resins. Mention the disadvantage of acrylic resins.
5. Classify denture base resins. Write in detail about heat cure resins.
6. Classify dental base resins. Write the composition and action of each Constuient of heat
cure acrylic. Add a note on porosity and it causes in dental acrylic resins.
7. Write in detail the composition and properties of denture base resins and add a note on
light-activated denture base resins.
8. Describe the ideal requirements of denture base resins. Give the composition and curing
of heat-cure acrylic denture base resins.
9. Discuss heat cure resins as denture base material.
10. What are soft liners? Write the composition and properties and uses of tissue
conditioners.
Short essay:
1. Composition of heat cure acrylic resins.
2. Separating media.
3. Manipulation of heat cure resins.
4. Setting stages of acrylic resins.
5. Stages of the polymerization reaction.
6. Injection moulding techniques.
7. Curing cycle of denture base resins.
8. Base plate material.
9. Chemistry of polymerization.
10. Addition polymerization.
11. Copolymerization
12. Plasticizers.
13. Composition of heat cure and self-cure resins.
14. Compare heat cure and self-cure acrylic resins.
15. Cross linking agents.
16. Resins teeth.
17. Porosities in dental resins.
18. Porosity and its effects on denture resins.
19. Denture reliners.
20. Denture relining material.
21. Soft liners.
22. Tissue conditioners.
Short answer:
1. Tin foil substitutes.
2. Separating media and uses.
3. Different stages of polymerization of denture base resins.
4. Dough like stage in acrylic resins.
5. Curing cycle.
6. Injection moulding techniques for denture base.
7. Mention activating systems for autopolymerisation resins.
8. Uses of chemically activated acrylic resins.
9. Uses of acrylic resins.
10. Condensation polymerization.
11. Stages of monomer polymer reaction.
12. Cross linking.
13. Compression moulding techniques.
14. Cold mold seal.
15. Composition of separating medium.
16. Composition of self-cure resins.
17. Porosity in denture base.
18. Denture cleansers.
19. Denture reliners.
20. Tissue conditioners.
21. Rebasing.
22. Relining.
23. Maxillofacial prosthesis material.
MISCELLANEOUS:
Short essay:
1. Heat treatment.
2. Difference between absorption and absorption.
3. Gutta-percha.
Short answer:
1. Percolation.
2. Thermal conductivity.
3. Compare porcelain and acrylic teeth
4. Marginal percolation.
5. Solid solutions.
6. Gutta- percha.